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Journal articles on the topic 'HWL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Maziak, Wasim, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Thomas Eissenberg, James Thrasher, Alan Shihadeh, and Taghrid Asfar. "Pictorial health warning labels on the waterpipe device are effective in reducing smoking satisfaction, puffing behaviour and exposure to CO: first evidence from a crossover clinical laboratory study." Tobacco Control 28, e1 (January 11, 2019): e37-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054682.

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ObjectivesThis study examined the effect of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on the waterpipe (WP) device on smokers’ experience, puffing behaviour, harm perception and exposure to respiratory toxicants.MethodsThirty WP smokers completed two 45 min ad libitum smoking sessions (WP without HWL vs WP with HWL) in a crossover design study. Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) was measured before and after each smoking session. Puff topography was recorded throughout the smoking session, and participants completed survey questionnaires assessing subjective smoking experiences and harm perception.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in eCO levels between the two study conditions, with lower levels of eCO boost recorded following smoking the WP fitted with HWL (16 ppm) compared with WP without HWL (22.7 ppm). Participants had more puffs, shorter interpuff intervals and a higher total puff volume during smoking the WP without HWL relative to WP with HWL (p values <0.05). We documented enhanced reports of satisfaction, taste and puff liking following smoking the WP without HWL compared with the WP with HWL. WP harm perception was significantly higher among participants after smoking the WP with HWL compared with WP without HWL.ConclusionThis pilot study shows that placing HWL on the WP device is effective in reducing WP smoker’s positive experiences, puffing parameters and exposure to carbon monoxide. HWLs lead also to more appreciation of WP harmful effects, making them a promising regulatory approach for addressing the spread of WP smoking among young adults in the USA.

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2

Lambert, Victoria C., Rachel E. Davis, Lucy Popova, and James F. Thrasher. "Cessation Conversations and Quit Attempts: Differences by Ethnicity and Language Preference." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.4.9.

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Objectives: Conversations about pictorial cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) encourage quit attempts, and prior research suggests prevalence of these conversations varies by ethnicity. We assessed the frequency of conversations about text-only HWLs among Latino and non-Latino white smokers and the relationship between conversations and subsequent quit attempts. Methods: Latino and non-Latino white adult smokers in the United States (N = 4403) were surveyed every 4 months over 2 years. Surveys queried smoking behaviors, recent quit attempts, HWL responses, including HWL conversations, and socio-demographic variables. Negative binomial generalized estimating equation (GEE) models regressed the frequency of HWL conversations on study variables. Logistic GEE models regressed quit attempts at follow-up surveys on responses from the prior wave, including frequency of HWL conversations and their interaction with ethnicity. Results: Spanish preference Latinos reported the most HWL conversations (85%), followed by English preference Latinos (59%), and non-Latino Whites (35%). More frequent HWL conversations predicted subsequent quit attempts (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.30), but ethnicity did not moderate this effect. Conclusions: Latinos appear to talk more frequently about HWLs than non-Latino Whites but are no more likely to quit as a result. Cessation campaigns should use messages that encourage conversations about quitting.

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Hu, Liang, Lianqiang Che, Chen Wu, Mihai Victor Curtasu, Fali Wu, Zhengfeng Fang, Yan Lin, et al. "Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Difference on Reproductive Performance between High and Low Lactational Weight Loss Sows." Metabolites 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9120295.

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Sows suffering excess weight loss during lactation may delay weaning to estrus interval (WEI) and have a detrimental effect on subsequent reproductive performance, however, the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate physiological profiles manifested in plasma originating from high (HWL) and low lactational weight loss (LWL) sows. The plasma biochemical parameters, hormones, antioxidant parameters, and milk compositions were assessed. Furthermore, plasma metabolites were analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes. Results showed that HWL sows had a lower feed intake and higher lactational weight loss and prolonged WEI, but had similar litter performance and milk composition compared to LWL sows. These changes were associated with lower plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 and higher fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in the HWL sows. Moreover, HWL led to a severe oxidative stress and metabolic damage, as accompanied by excessive protein breakdown and lipids mobilization at weaning. Metabolomic analysis revealed differences in 46 compounds between HWL and LWL sows, and the identified compounds were enriched in metabolic pathways related to amino acids metabolism, fatty acids oxidation metabolism, bile acids biosynthesis, and nucleoside metabolism. These results provide the evidence for physiological mechanism in sows with excessive lactational weight loss that delayed the WEI. Metabolomic data provides essential information and gives rise to potential targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies.

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Akand, S., MA Bashar, S. Rahman, and HR Khan. "Morphometric variation in the species of two subfamilies of lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v3i1.36756.

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A laboratory examination was done on the morphometric variation of lycaenid butterflies. Identifying characteristics, viz. forewing length (FWL), hind wing length (HWL), body length (BdL) and antennal length (AntL) were used for the analysis. A total of 514 individuals of lycaenid butterflies was identified under two subfamilies Polyommatinae and Theclinae. Among them 265 individuals were placed under 19 species of Polyommatinae and 249 individuals under 25 species of Theclinae. ANOVA tests were conducted to find differences between the butterfly species of the two subfamilies through identifying characters like FWL (F=10.37, P=0.005), HWL (F=3.81, P=0.067), BdL (F=5.78, P=0.027) and AntL (F=2.77, P=0.114). A linear regression analysis of FWL, HWL, BdL and AntL of the species under the two subfamilies showed significant differences between Polyommatinae and Theclinae. These differences stand among the species of both the subfamilies and produced good results to identify the species more correctly.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 9-16

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5

Lingwall, Cailyn, Eric Nehl, Marina Topuridze, Lela Sturua, Nuka Maglakelidze, and Carla Berg. "Perceived Effectiveness of Differing Health Warning Label Messaging Strategies among Adults in the Republic of Georgia: One Size Does Not Fit All." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102221.

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Background: While pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) are evidence-based, the different messaging strategies are understudied. Methods: We analyzed 2014 national survey data from 1163 Georgian adults to examine: (1) perceived effectiveness of pictorial vs. text-only HWLs; (2) pictorial HWL themes; and (3) correlates of perceived effectiveness of different pictorial themes. Participants were randomized to evaluate the effectiveness of either Set A or Set B of HWLs (each contained half pictorial, half text-only). Results: All but 2 pictorial HWLs were perceived as more effective than text-only. Factor analyses identified one factor among Set A (“benign”) and two in Set B pictorial HWLs (“benign”, “gruesome”). Among Set A pictorial HWLs, correlates of greater perceived effectiveness included being female, rural residence, not having children, and nonsmoker status. Among smokers, correlates included being female and unmarried, fewer smoking friends, and higher quitting importance. Among Set B, 43.8% rated gruesome pictorial HWLs more effective, 12.9% benign more effective, and 43.4% equally effective. Correlates of perceiving benign more effective included fewer smoking friends and higher income. Among smokers, lower income predicted gruesome being perceived as more effective; fewer smoking friends and higher quitting importance predicted perceiving benign as more effective. Conclusion: A variety of pictorial HWL strategies should be used.

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Yu, Xiao-Li, Jin Yang, Ting Chen, Yi-min Liu, Wei-ping Xue, Ming-Hui Wang, and Shou-Min Bai. "Excessive Pretreatment Weight Loss Is a Risk Factor for the Survival Outcome of Esophageal Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery and Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6075207.

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Background. The prognostic values of weight loss and body mass index (BMI) in esophageal carcinoma remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of weight loss on the survival of patients undergoing radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods. The medical records of 189 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic esophageal carcinoma treated in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2013 were reviewed, and 121 patients were included for analysis. Results. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 3-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in the low pretreatment weight loss (pre-LWL) group than in the high pretreatment weight loss (pre-HWL) group (P<0.001). In addition, the 3-year overall survival rate of normal weight group was higher than that of overweight and underweight groups (P=0.007). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that pre-LWL group had a significantly better 3-year overall survival than pre-HWL group (P=0.027, HR = 1.89, and 95% CI = 1.07–3.32). pN stage and age were also the survival prognostic factors. Conclusions. Our study showed that low pretreatment weight loss predicted a better survival outcome in the esophageal carcinoma patients with radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, BMI and weight loss during treatment had no impact on the survival outcome.

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Li, Zheng, Qiang Ren, Xuekun Wang, Zongtao Zhou, Lijun Hu, Liming Deng, Li Guan, and Qianqian Qiu. "Discovery of HWL-088: A highly potent FFA1/GPR40 agonist bearing a phenoxyacetic acid scaffold." Bioorganic Chemistry 92 (November 2019): 103209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103209.

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8

Anandan, C., and C. Senthil Kumar. "Investigation of Changes in Beach Morphology due to Coastal Armoring." Energy and Environment Research 11, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v11n1p65.

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The Tsunami, which struck the east coast of India on 26th December 2004, caused huge damage to life, property and environment. Beyond the heavy toll on human lives, it had caused an enormous environmental impact. Kalpakkam located in the south east coast of India is one of the areas affected by the tsunami. At some locations along the coast around Kalpakkam, morphological changes, vegetation loss and fatality were reported. Later, a slew of remedial measures were initiated at Kalpakkam in 2006 and construction of coastal armoring in the form of Tsunami Protection Wall (TPW) of 3.2 km length was one of them. A study was undertaken to assess the impact of this TPW on the surroundings based on periodic measurements of High Water Line (HWL) before and after construction of the wall. Also beach profiles were made at selected locations to observe seasonal changes in sedimentation pattern (i.e. accretion and erosion). As the residential area at Kalpakkam is located between fishing hamlets at northern and southern side, it is necessary to understand the impact of TPW, if any, in the surrounding area and on the fishing hamlets. Towards this assessment, high resolution satellite data such as Quickbird and IKONOS were employed (for the years 2002, 2003, 2009 and 2011) to measure the HWL. In addition, monthly beach profiles were carried out to measure the sedimentation pattern at selected transects with the help of N3 Precision Level survey instrument for the year 2009. The detailed investigations and analysis revealed no significant impact on the beach morphology and sedimentation patterns due to the construction of TPW, within the residential areas as well as at fishing hamlets. The average variations in the position of HWL along the coast was 4.6m and sedimentation changes were in the range of ≈ 0.5m in the berm of backshore region and ≈ 1.7m in the swash zone of the foreshore region all along the study area. No adverse effect is observed and the variations observed are similar to that in an unarmored control beach. The study provides the confidence that multi-dated satellite monitoring together with the profiling of beach would suffice the need for understanding the changes in the beach morphology due to the construction of beach armoring.

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Winkler, Peter, Stefan Odreitz-Stark, Eva Haas, Martin Thalhammer, and Richard Partl. "Commissioning, dosimetric characterization and machine performance assessment of the LIAC HWL mobile accelerator for Intraoperative Radiotherapy." Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik 30, no. 4 (November 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.06.004.

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10

Saputra, Angga Dwi, Heryoso Setiyono, and Agus Anugroho Dwi Saputro. "Pemetaan Batimetri dan Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat." BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v5i1.11294.

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Perairan Karangsong adalah wilayah pesisir di Kabupaten Indramayu dan merupakan kawasan penting bagi perekonomian masyarakat setempat. Adanya rencana pengembangan serta perawatan infrastruktur di wilayah Pesisir Karangsong secara berkelanjutan diperlukan adanya penelitian mengenai batimetri, kelerengan perairan dan sedimen dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kedalaman perairan, profil perairan, kelerengan serta jenis sedimen dasar di Perairan Karangsong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif. Metode pengambilan data kedalaman dan sedimen dasar dilakukan di wilayah yang dianggap mewakili kerakteristik wilayah seluruhnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedalaman Perairan Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu berkisar antara 1 meter sampai 11 meter dengan nilai kelerengan berkisar antara 0,250◦ hingga 0,277◦ dengan rata-rata kelerengan adalah hampir datar. Perairan Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu memiliki tipe pasang surut campuran condong harian ganda dengan nilai nilai Formzahl sebesar 0,57. nilai-nilai elevasi Perairan Karangsong meliputi MSL 64 cm, HHWL 118,9 cm, LLWL 9,19 cm, LWL 10 cm dan HWL 110 cm. Jenis Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu adalah pasir (silt) dan pasir lanauan (silty sand). Kata kunci: Batimetri, Sedimen Dasar, Kelerengan, Perairan Karangsong.

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Carlyle, T. "TC TO HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW." Carlyle Letters Online 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/lt-18401200-tc-hwl-01.

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12

Ji, Yong, Zhidong Yao, Jie Zhang, Xueru Wang, Jixiang Luo, Liying Xiao, and Shifeng Zhang. "Integrated biomarker responses of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis via hydrological processes from Lake Poyang, China." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 12 (December 2018): 180729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180729.

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Vallisneria spiralis , a widely distributed wetland plant, was used to reveal how the light intensity at the top of the plant, plant morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity respond to different hydrologic conditions from Lake Poyang, China. By designing a laboratory experiment simulating historical water levels of low, normal and high wetland plant submersion, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of different levels of flooding on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity for V. spiralis . The results showed that the plant crown light intensity of the treated group and control group (CG) first decreased and then increased along with the seasonal variation of the water level. The maximum and minimum values of the plant crown light intensity were observed in April and July, respectively. Similar to the CG, V. spiralis from the normal and low water level (LWL) groups was measured and had higher plant height growth in the flooding period from May to June, and the entire plant biomass also showed a steady growth trend in the same period. However, the plant growth of the high water level (HWL) group was lower during the whole simulation period, with negative growth in July. Antioxidant enzyme activities changed with the seasonal temperature, and the activity of the CG showed a rising trend. Compared with those of the CG, the antioxidant enzyme activities of the HWL group showed a ‘bell shaped’ trend, which was first significantly induced and then significantly inhibited. In addition, the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities from the LWL group in April were also significantly induced. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index showed that a comprehensive biological index could well reflect the effects of seasonal water levels in Poyang Lake on the growth of the wetland plant V. spiralis . This study indicated that high flooding levels had the strongest negative effect on the growth and enzyme activity of the submerged plant V. spiralis .

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Achiari, Hendra, Ayu Libiaty Ahmad, and Dede M. Sulaiman. "ANALISIS REFLEKSI DAN TRANSMISI GELOMBANG PADA PEMECAH GELOMBANG TIANG PANCANG." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i3.27591.

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Pantai berlumpur rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat gelombang, sehingga diperlukan perlindungan pantai yang salah satunya menggunakan pemecah gelombang tipe permeable. Tipe permeable yang dikembangkan ini disebut sebagai Pemecah Gelombang Tiang Pancang. Bahan yang digunakan untuk memodelkan struktur tersebut (prototipe) di laboratorium adalah bambu bulat bersekat yaitu bambu bulat dari taman Pringgodani dengan diameter 1 cm, tinggi 20 cm dengan sekat kayu multiblok setebal 2 cm. Analisis refleksi dan transmisi terhadap hasil pengujian model fisik 2D terhadap pemecah gelombang diperlukan untuk mencapai optimasi dalam penggunaannya. Hasil pengujian laboratorium membuktikan bahwa Pemecah Gelombang ini cukup efektif pada skenario yang memiliki nilai Kt yang lebih kecil dan nilai Kr yang lebih besar. Pada percobaan ini pengujian dilakukan dengan skenario tinggi muka air pada Mean Sea Level (MSL) (44 cm) dan High Water Level (HWL) (50 cm) dengan 2 skenario spasi antar tiang yaitu 1 cm dan 2 cm pada masing-masing tinggi muka air. Kemudian hasil perhitungan Kt dan Kr dibandingkan dengan variabel non-dimensional kecuraman gelombang (Hi/gT2) dan kemiringan gelombang (Hi/L) . Hasil percobaan laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa nilai Kt lebih rendah pada saat kondisi MSL, dan nilai Kr lebih tinggi pada saat kondisi MSL hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemecah Gelombang Bambu Bulat Bersekat ini lebih efektif pada muka air rendah dari pada muka air tinggi.

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Kaplan, Bekir, Jeffrey J. Hardesty, Santi Martini, Hario Megatsari, Ryan Kennedy, and Joanna Cohen. "The Effectiveness of Cigarette Pack Health Warning Labels with Religious Messages in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214287.

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This study sought to assess the effectiveness of religious cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) in Indonesia, a country with a high public health burden from tobacco use. The study tested different religious and nonreligious messages related to suicide, secondhand smoke (SHS) and gangrene. Participants were smokers and non-smokers from Surabaya, Indonesia (n = 817). Participants rated each HWL for its effectiveness on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = “not at all”, 10 = “extremely”) with respect to 10 items. Nonreligious HWLs were marginally superior for SHS and suicide while religious HWLs were marginally superior for gangrene. Given the close rating scores between religious and nonreligious HWLs, they were functionally equal in effectiveness. With proper assessment of potential unintended consequences, the implementation of religious HWLs could be considered for a proportion of HWLs.

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Liu, Chunxia, Zheng Li, Wei Shi, Huilan Li, Nasi Wang, Yuxuan Dai, Chen Liao, Wenlong Huang, and Hai Qian. "Improving metabolic stability with deuterium: The discovery of HWL ‐066, a potent and long‐acting free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists." Chemical Biology & Drug Design 92, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13321.

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Hu, Lijun, Zongtao Zhou, Liming Deng, Qiang Ren, Zongyu Cai, Bin Wang, Zheng Li, and Guangji Wang. "HWL‐088, a new and highly effective FFA1/PPARδ dual agonist, attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 72, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13342.

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Cummings, K. Michael, Jonathan Gdanski, Nichole Veatch, and Ernesto Marcelo Sebrié. "Assumption of Risk and the Role of Health Warnings Labels in the United States." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 6 (May 25, 2019): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz089.

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Abstract Introduction This article provides historical context for understanding how the cigarette industry have manipulated language used in health warning labels (HWLs) to protect them in litigation. Methods Review of previously secret internal business records from 1964 discussing the role HWLs on cigarettes. Review of the legal challenges made by cigarette manufacturers surrounding HWLs as mandated in the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and the language in corrective statements ordered by US Department of Justice. Results Within days after the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee issued its 1964 Report the cigarette companies plotted how they could use HWLs on cigarettes as a defense in future litigation. Industry lawyers discussed drafting legislation that would preempt other government agencies from requiring HWLs on cigarette containers and in cigarette advertising with language mirroring the key findings of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee report. In July 1965, Congress did pass legislation which mandated a single watered-down cigarette pack HWL which excluded cigarette advertising, just as industry lawyers had recommended. Subsequent HWL laws passed by Congress in 1969 and 1984 along with the more recent history of manufacturers opposing updated graphic HWLs and corrective statements reflects a consistent and continuing effort by cigarette companies to insulate themselves from taking responsibility for harms caused by smoking. Conclusion Beginning in the mid-1960s and continuing even through today, lawyers working on behalf of cigarettes companies have worked to manipulate the language of consumer warnings to focus responsibility for the harms caused by smoking on smokers. Implications In tobacco litigation, juries should be informed about the industry’s coordinated effort to draft legislation and water down the original caution statements proposed on cigarette containers and in advertising even though Congress ultimately is responsible for the law that was enacted. In addition, even though the 1992 Supreme Court decision in the Cipollone case preempted post-1969 failure to warm claims against cigarette makers, this protection does not apply on pre-1969 warning claims where the evidence shows that cigarette companies understood they were selling a defective product that when used as intended would harm their customers. Thus, those initiating smoking before 1969 and subsequently harmed by cigarettes can hold cigarette makers responsible for their failure to warn them about health risks.

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Tarakcioglu, Gulizar Ozyurt, Cuneyt Baykal, Semih Bezazoglu, Dogukan Atak, Aysen Ergin, and Isikhan Guler. "A CASE STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF RESHAPING BERM BREAKWATERS: ORDU GIRESUN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, TURKEY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.40.

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In this study, the stability and serviceability (wave overtopping) of hardly-reshaping berm breakwater of Ordu-Giresun International Airport and four alternative cross-sections of fully- and partly-reshaping berm breakwaters are assessed by physical model experiments. Ordu-Giresun International Airport is a public airport constructed on an approximately 1.77 km-square reclaimed land at the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. The reclaimed land area is protected with a 7345 m long hardly reshaping rubble mound berm breakwater at a depth of 11 m (MSL). The design high water level (HWL) corresponding to 100-yr return period is calculated as +1.12 m. The bottom slope from deep water up to 20 m water depth is around 1:50 and becomes steeper (1:20) towards the shore. The design wave characteristics at the toe of the structure (100-yr return period) is determined as Hs = 6.68m, Tm= 10.80 sec.

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SANTOS, FÁBIO L., MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE, and OLAF H. H. MIELKE. "Saturniidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) assemblage in Vossoroca, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 2 (April 17, 2015): 843–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140368.

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The richness and abundance of the assemblage of species in a community are a way to understand the patterns of diversity found around the world. This study describes the assemblages of Saturniidae and Sphingidae in an area of Montana Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná, Brazil, 880m, 25º50'8.93"S, 49º 02'55.20"W. Samples were collected between November 2010 and September 2011 during two nights at the twelve new moons periods with a light trap equipped with black light lamp (ultraviolet) of 46 watts between two mercury mixed-light lamps HWL 250 watts from 6:00 p.m to 06:00 a.m. The sampling effort totaled 288 hours. This sampling effort was responsible for the capture of 1235 specimens, distributed in 124 species: 858 specimens and 86 species of Saturniidae, and 377 specimens and 38 species of Sphingidae. It is noteworthy the sampling of 10 new species: one of Automerella Michener, 1949, two of Hylesia Hübner, [1820], one of Lonomia Walker, 1855 and six of Periga Walker, 1855, that will be described.

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Chen, Yueming, Qiang Ren, Zongtao Zhou, Liming Deng, Lijun Hu, Luyong Zhang, and Zheng Li. "HWL‐088, a new potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) agonist, improves glucolipid metabolism and acts additively with metformin in ob/ob diabetic mice." British Journal of Pharmacology 177, no. 10 (February 8, 2020): 2286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.14980.

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Sun, Chang Feng, Yan Yan Pang, Ying Zhao, and Yu Yang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Two Hybrid Metal Phosphonates Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.309.

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Under hydrothermal conditions, two copper phosphonates, [Cu2(H2O)2(H2L)(bpy)2(H3L)2]·2H2O (1) and [Cu2(H2O)2(H2L)2(phen)2]·6H2O (2) (H4L = p-xylylenediphosphonic acid, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized using diethyl p-xylylenediphosphonate (dixdp), in which p-xylylenediphosphonic acid (H4L) was generated via in situ hydrolysis. Complexe 1 forms a zero-dimensional (0D) bimetallic rings, while complex 2 features a 0D structure containing two kinds of partially deprotonated H3L-and H2L2-ligand.

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Nakkash, Rima, Malak Tleis, Sara Chehab, Wu Wensong, Michael Schmidt, Kenneth D. Ward, Wasim Maziak, and Taghrid Asfar. "Novel Insights into Young Adults’ Perceived Effectiveness of Waterpipe Tobacco-Specific Pictorial Health Warning Labels in Lebanon: Implications for Tobacco Control Policy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137189.

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This study aims to explore the perceived effectiveness of waterpipe (WP) tobacco specific health warning labels (HWLs) among young adult WP smokers and nonsmokers in Lebanon. Before participating in focus group discussions, participants (n = 66; WP smokers n = 30; nonsmokers n = 36; age 18–33) completed a brief survey to rate the effectiveness of 12 HWLs’ and rank them according to four risk themes (WP health effects, WP harm to others, WP-specific harm, and WP harm compared to cigarettes). Differences in HWLs ratings by WP smoking status were examined and the top-ranked HWL in each theme were identified. HWLs depicting mouth cancer and harm to babies were rated as the most effective by both WP smokers and non-smokers. WP smokers rated HWLs which depicted harm to children and infants as more effective than non-smokers. The top-ranked HWLs for perceived overall effectiveness were those depicting “oral cancer”, “harm to babies”, “orally transmitted diseases” and “mouth cancer”. HWLs depicting oral lesions and harm to babies were rated as most effective, while HWLs showing the harmful effects of WP secondhand smoke on infants and children were rated as less effective by nonsmokers compared to smokers. Our study provides evidence on the potential effectiveness of HWLs for further evaluation in Lebanon and the Eastern Mediterranean region. The results will inform and guide the development and implementation of tobacco control policy.

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Grandhi, R. R. "Effect of feeding supplemental fat or lysine during the postweaning period on the reproductive performance of sows with low or high lactation body weight and fat losses." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-079.

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The effects of feeding supplemental fat or lysine during the postweaning period on breeding and subsequent reproductive performance were determined in two experiments of a 2 × 3 factorial design, using 168 Landrace × Yorkshire first-parity (exp. 1) and 180 Yorkshire second-parity (exp. 2) sows. At the end of lactation, they were divided into two groups: LWL (< 14 kg) and HWL (> 14 kg) based on 3 wk lactation weight loss. The three experimental diets fed during the postweaning period were: (1) control; a 12% gestation diet fed 2 kg d−1 (24.7 MJ DE, 9.4 g lysine d−1); (2) Fat; control diet plus animal fat to provide approximately 50% more daily energy intake (37.0 MJ DE d−1); and (3) Lysine; control diet plus lysine to provide approximately 50% more daily lysine intake (14.4 g d−1). After breeding, all sows were fed the control diet at 2 kg d−1, and they were killed at 30 d of gestation to evaluate their reproductive performance. High weight loss during the lactation period increased the incidence of anestrus and reduced the pregnancy rate in first-parity sows. Feeding supplemental fat was beneficial in increasing the proportion of sows in estrus within 7 d postweaning and the pregnancy rates of first-parity sows with high lactation weight loss. Supplemental fat also had a beneficial effect on ovulation rate, the number of normal embryos, fetal survival and the fetal weights, whereas supplemental lysine improved only fetal weights. Feeding supplemental fat or lysine improved only ovulation rate in second-parity sows with high lactation weight loss. The results indicated that feeding supplemental fat or lysine can improve the postweaning reproductive performance of sows that had high weight and fat losses during lactation. Key words: Sows, estrus, ovulation, embryo survival, fat, lysine

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Schneider, Hansjörg A. W. "Properties of Lectins from Snails of the Genus Helix Probed by Monoclonal Antibodies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1985): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-3-420.

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Abstract Helix-Lectins, Monoclonal Antibodies against Lectins, C om petition between Antibodies and Carbohydrates Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the lectin of H elix pom atia (HPL). Besides anti bodies bearing the more common y and x chains, antibodies with a, /j. and X2 chains were elicited. The anti-HPL antibodies are expected to be useful in studies on HPL biogenesis and HPL sub structure and in studies concerned with the binding of HPL to cell surfaces. Binding of carbohydrates to HPL im paired the binding of anti-H PL antibodies. One to 3 m M GalNAc inhibited HPL-binding in two out of nine antibodies. None of the antibodies bound in the presence of micrograms per ml of the polyvalent blood group A-substance from hog stomach. Similarly, all anti-HPL antibodies were prevented from binding if non-inhibitory concentrations of A-substance were supplem ented with GalNAc. Lectins from H elix aspersa (HAL) and H elix lucorum (H LL) differed from HPL in antigenic properties. Only one anti-HPL antibody each bound these lectins as well as HPL. Binding of lectins of Cepaea and Rapana was scarcely detectable. Most of the anti-HPL antibodies and the m ultivalent H PL-antigens formed precipitation lines in double diffusion tests. At least two antibodies (IgMs) did so with HLL but none with HAL. The possibility that antibodies were selected because of unknown interactions between HPL and the carbohydrate moieties of certain fractions of antibodies was excluded by raising the antibodies in the presence of tunicamycin to inhibit N-glycosylation.

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Rao, B. Venkateswara, and D. M. Puri. "Copper(II) Complexes of Organophoshonic Acids-A Comparative Study." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S271—S281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/813586.

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Polynuclear copper(II) derivatives of 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (HEDP), 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonic acid (AEDP, H4L),α-aminobenzylidene diphosphonic acid (ABDP, H4L), 1-amino-2-carboxyethane- 1,1-diphosphonic acid (ACEDP, H5L), 1,3 diaminopropane-1,1,3,3-tetra-phosphonic acid (DAPTP, H8L), Ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis (dimethyl-methylenephosphonic) acid (EDBDMPO, H4L),o-phenylene-diamine-N,N'-bis (dimethylmethylenephosphonic) acid (PDBDMPO, H4L), diethylene triamine –N,N,N',N',N"N-penta (methylene phosphonic) acid (DETAPMPO, H10L) and diethylene triamine –N,N"-bis (dimethyl methylene phosphonic) acid (DETBDMPO, H4L) have been prepared in aqueous medium. The general formula of derivatives from elemental analysis was found to be Cu2L.XH2O (in case of AEDP, ABDP, EDBDMPO, PDBDMPO, DETBDMPO), Cu5L2.XH2O (in case of ACEDP) Cu4L.XH2O, Cu2H4L. XH2O (in case of DAPTP) and Cu5L.XH2O (in case of DETAPMPO). The electronic spectra have shown them to be six coordinated with slight distortion from octahedral geometry. Antiferromagnetism was inferred from magnetic moment data. Infrared spectral studies were carried out to determine coordination sites. EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectra that supports the presence of tetragonal distortion and antiferromagnetic behaviour, have also been studied.

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Handwerger, Stuart, Geeta Datta, Brian Richardson, Carrie M. Schmidt, Tariq Siddiqi, Lisa Turzai, and G. M. Anantharamaiah. "Pre-β-HDL stimulates placental lactogen release from human trophoblast cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): E384—E389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e384.

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To examine whether pre-β-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be involved in regulation of human placental lactogen (hPL) release, pre-β-HDL was isolated from term pregnancy serum, and the effect of purified pre-β-HDL on hPL release from trophoblast cells was examined after 1 h of exposure. Pre-β-HDL stimulated a dose-dependent increase in hPL release with half-maximal stimulation at a dose of 300–400 μg/ml, which is within the normal physiological range during pregnancy. Analysis of pre-β-HDL and α-HDL in serum from pregnant women at different stages of gestation (determined by Western blot analysis) indicated that the pre-β-HDL-to-α-HDL ratio increased linearly after the 10th week of gestation ( r = 0.88, P < 0.001), reaching a maximum sixfold greater than that of nonpregnant women. The increase in serum pre-β-HDL during pregnancy paralleled that of plasma hPL concentrations ( r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Two-dimensional electrophoresis indicated that the increase in pre-β-HDL was due primarily to an increase in pre-β1-HDL and pre-β2-HDL, two of the three forms of pre-β-HDL present in blood. These results suggest a role for pre-β-HDL in the regulation of hPL expression during pregnancy.

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Hal, Toon Van. "Traditions, innovations, and connections in writing the history of linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 46, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00053.hal.

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Borovicka, J., W. Schwizer, C. Mettraux, C. Kreiss, B. Remy, K. Asal, J. B. Jansen, I. Douchet, R. Verger, and M. Fried. "Regulation of gastric and pancreatic lipase secretion by CCK and cholinergic mechanisms in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 273, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): G374—G380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.2.g374.

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Gastric lipase (HGL) contributes significantly to fat digestion. However, little is known about its neurohormonal regulation in humans. We studied the role of CCK and cholinergic mechanisms in the postprandial regulation of HGL and pancreatic lipase (HPL) secretion in six healthy subjects. Gastric emptying of a mixed meal and outputs of HGL, pepsin, acid, and HPL were determined with a double-indicator technique. Three experiments were performed in random order: intravenous infusion of 1) placebo, 2) low-dose atropine (5 micrograms.kg-.h-1), and 3) the CCK-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide (22 mumol.kg-.h-1). Atropine decreased postprandial outputs of HGL, pepsin, gastric acid, and HPL (P < 0.03) while slowing gastric emptying (P < 0.05). Loxiglumide markedly increased the secretion of HGL, pepsin, and acid while distinctly reducing HPL outputs and accelerating gastric emptying (P < 0.03). Plasma CCK and gastrin levels increased during loxiglumide infusion (P < 0.03). Atropine enhanced gastrin but not CCK release. Postprandial HGL, pepsin, and acid secretion are under positive cholinergic but negative CCK control, whereas HPL is stimulated by cholinergic and CCK mechanisms. We conclude that CCK and cholinergic mechanisms have an important role in the coordination of HGL and HPL secretion to optimize digestion of dietary lipids in humans.

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Tandon, Santokh S., and Vickie McKee. "Lead(II) and barium(II) complexes of a potentially octadentate macrocyclic ligand (H4L), capable of providing endogenous alkoxy and phenoxy bridges. The X-ray crystal structures of [Pb(H4L)][ClO4]2, [Pb2(H2L)][ClO4]2, and [(H6L)(H2O)2][ClO4]2." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 1 (1989): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9890000019.

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Kraemer, Fredric B., Wen-Jun Shen, Shailja Patel, Jun-ichi Osuga, Shun Ishibashi, and Salman Azhar. "The LDL receptor is not necessary for acute adrenal steroidogenesis in mouse adrenocortical cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, no. 2 (February 2007): E408—E412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00428.2006.

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Steroid hormones are synthesized using cholesterol as precursor. To determine the functional importance of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adrenal steroidogenesis, adrenal cells were isolated from control, HSL−/−, LDLR−/−, and double LDLR/HSL−/− mice. The endocytic and selective uptake of apolipoprotein E-free human high density lipoprotein (HDL)-derived cholesteryl esters did not differ among the mice, with selective uptake accounting for >97% of uptake. In contrast, endocytic uptake of either human LDL- or rat HDL-derived cholesteryl esters was reduced 80–85% in LDLR−/− and double- LDLR/HSL−/− mice. There were no differences in the selective uptake of either human LDL- or rat HDL-derived cholesteryl esters among the mice. Maximum corticosterone production induced by ACTH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP and lipoproteins was not altered in LDLR−/− mice but was reduced 80–90% in HSL−/− mice. Maximum corticosterone production was identical in HSL−/− and double- LDLR/HSL−/− mice. These findings suggest that, although the LDL receptor is responsible for endocytic delivery of cholesteryl esters from LDL and rat HDL to mouse adrenal cells, it appears to play a negligible role in the delivery of cholesterol for acute adrenal steroidogenesis in the mouse. In contrast, HSL occupies a vital role in adrenal steroidogenesis because of its link to utilization of selectively delivered cholesteryl esters from lipoproteins.

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Rachmat, Beben, Ediar Usman, and Dida Kusnida. "POTENSI ARUS LAUT DAN KONVERSI DAYA LISTRIK SEBAGAI ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DI PERAIRAN PALALAWAN DAN INDRAGIRI HILIR, PROVINSI RIAU." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.10.2.2012.217.

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Kecepatan arus pada saat kondisi air surut di bagian utara daerah penelitian berkisar antara 1 â€“ 1,5 m/s dan di selatan berkisar antara 0,1 â€“ 0,5 m/s dengan arah menuju tenggara - selatan. Pada saat kondisi air pasang pada kedua daerah tersebut (bagian utara dan selatan) kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0,5 â€“ 1,2 m/s dengan arah menuju barat daya - utara. Secara umum kecepatan arus dari utara ke selatan semakin berkurang kecepatannya, hal ini bisa dilihat dari perbedaan kecepatan arus di bagian utara dan selatan daerah penelitian pada kondisi air laut surut. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan morfologi bawah laut pada ke dua daerah tersebut. Di bagian utara, lebar lembah relatif lebih sempit (daerah selat) dengan morfologi membentuk alur bawah laut. Di bagian selatan merupakan daerah perairan terbuka, menyebabkan aliran air laut dan arus terdistribusi pada daerah yang lebih luas dan kecepatan arusnya makin berkurang. Potensi daya listrik untuk Turbin Kobold saat surut mencapai 60 â€“ 65 kW, dan 20 kW saat pasang selama 13 jam, sedangkan saat neap tide maksimum mencapai 8 kW saat surut dan 4 kW saat pasang dengan waktu efektif selama 11 jam. Potensi daya listrik untuk Turbin Marine Current saat surut mencapai 3 â€“ 3,2 kW dan 1 kW saat pasang dengan masa kerja selama 13 jam dalam sehari semalam, sedangkan saat neap tide maksimum mencapai 0,4 kW saat surut dan 0.2 kW saat pasang dengan waktu efektif selama 10 jam. Jenis turbin ini cukup optimal dan dapat bekerja dengan baik untuk menghasilkan listrik dengan potensi arus yang ada di perairan Pelalawan â€“ Indragiri Hilir. Kata kunci: kecepatan arus, energi, potensi daya listrik, turbin Current speed during the low waters level in the northern part of survey area range between 1 to 1.5 m/s with southeast and south direction. During the high waters level (HWL) in the both areas range from 0.1 â€“ 0.5 m/s with southwest and north direction. Generally, the current speed from the north to the south in the survey area is decrease, it can be seen from difference value of current speed at the northern and the southern of the survey area during the low waters level (LWS) condition. These condition caused by the difference of under sea morphology at bothside of areas. At the northern part of survey area, the wide of valley morphology is smaller (straits region) forming the submarine channel. At the southern part in an opening waters region, causing the sea current distributed in regions and the speed more decreasing. Electrical potency for Kobold Turbine during ebb tide reach 60 - 65 kW, and 20 kW during the flood as long as 13 hours, while during maximum neap tide reach 8 kW during the ebb and 4 kW during the flood with effective time as long as 11 hours. Electrical Potential for Marine Current Turbine during ebb reach 3 â€“ 3.2 kW, and 1 kW during the flood as long as 13 hours, while during maximum neap tide reach 0.4 kW during the ebb and 0.2 kW during the flood with effective time as long as 10 hours. This kind of the turbine is optimum enough and can work well to produce the electricity with existing current potential in waters of Pelalawan â€“ Indragiri Hilir. Keywords: current speed, energy, electrical potency, turbine

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32

Vilaplana, Rosario A., A. Castiñeiras, and Francisco González-Vílchez. "Synthesis, Structure, Properties And Biological Behaviour Of The Complex [RuIV(H2L) Cl2].2H2O (H4L= 1,2-Cyclohexanediamminetetraacetic Acid)." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2, no. 3-4 (2004): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1565363304000160.

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Melnichenko, I., A. Kamkin, and S. Smolov. "An Extended Finite State Machine-Based Approach to Code Coverage-Directed Test Generation for Hardware Designs." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS, no. 3 (2015): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2015-27(3)-12.

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34

Remaley, Alan T. "HDL Cholesterol/HDL Particle Ratio." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 65, no. 4 (February 2015): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.018.

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Egom, Emmanuel E. "HDL-C/HDL-P Ratio." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 65, no. 23 (June 2015): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.076.

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Brudar, Sandi, and Barbara Hribar-Lee. "The Role of Buffers in Wild-Type HEWL Amyloid Fibril Formation Mechanism." Biomolecules 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9020065.

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Amyloid fibrils, highly ordered protein aggregates, play an important role in the onset of several neurological disorders. Many studies have assessed amyloid fibril formation under specific solution conditions, but they all lack an important phenomena in biological solutions—buffer specific effects. We have focused on the formation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) fibrils in aqueous solutions of different buffers in both acidic and basic pH range. By means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements and CD spectroscopy, we have managed to show that fibrillization of HEWL is affected by buffer identity (glycine, TRIS, phosphate, KCl-HCl, cacodylate, HEPES, acetate), solution pH, sample incubation (agitated vs. static) and added excipients (NaCl and PEG). HEWL only forms amyloid fibrils at pH = 2.0 under agitated conditions in glycine and KCl-HCl buffers of high enough ionic strength. Phosphate buffer on the other hand stabilizes the HEWL molecules. Similar stabilization effect was achieved by addition of PEG12000 molecules to the solution.

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Rink, Jonathan Scott, Sol Misener, Osman Cen, Shuo Yang, Leo I. Gordon, and Colby Shad Thaxton. "High Density Lipoprotein-like Nanoparticles Synergize with Akt and Btk Inhibitors to Induce Cell Death in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3022.3022.

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Abstract Introduction: We previously reported that our bio-inspired, synthetic high-density lipoprotein-like nanoparticles (HDL NP) induced apoptosis in B cell lymphoma cells expressing scavenger receptor type B1 (SCARB1), the high-affinity receptor for cholesterol-rich HDLs. HDL NPs consist of a 5nm gold nanoparticle core surface functionalized with the HDL-defining apolipoprotein A1 and a phospholipid bilayer, and bind specifically to SCARB1, inducing the efflux of free cholesterol and inhibiting cholesteryl ester influx. SCARB1 is overexpressed in a subset of follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), and resides in cholesterol-rich plasma membrane microdomains called lipid rafts, similar to the B cell receptor (BCR) and its associated signaling kinases. Upon binding to natural HDL, SCARB1 activates a number of pro-survival signaling kinases, including Akt and PI3K. Both Akt and PI3K are also involved in B cell receptor-mediated signaling in germinal center-derived (GC) DLBCL, through tonic BCR signaling, and activated B cell (ABC) DLBCL, through chronic active BCR signaling. Additionally, PI3K was recently shown to play a role in recruitment and activation of Btk, a crucial survival kinase downstream of the BCR. We hypothesized that small molecule inhibitors against pro-survival kinases, specifically Akt and Btk, will synergize with HDL NPs against B cell lymphomas. Methods: Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos), GC DLBCL (SUDHL4) and ABC DLBCL (TMD8 and HBL-1) cell lines were treated with the Akt inhibitor GDC-0068 or the Btk inhibitor Ibrutinib, in the absence or presence of HDL NPs, and synergy was calculated using the Calcusyn software. Phos-flow was used to assay for changes in the phosphorylation status of Akt and Btk. Results: The Burkitt's lymphoma and GC DLBCL cell lines were more sensitive to HDL NP induced cell death compared to the ABC DLBCL cell lines (Ramos HDL NP IC50 = 1.5nM; SUDHL4 HDL NP IC50 = 2.1nM; TMD8 HDL NP IC50 = 31.4nM; HBL-1 HDL NP IC50 = 89nM). HDL NPs synergized with GDC-0068 in the Ramos, SUDHL4 and TMD8 cell lines (all combination indexes < 1). Correspondingly, HDL NPs dose-dependently decreased phosphorylation of Akt in Ramos and TMD8 cells. Ibrutinib synergized with the HDL NPs in all cell lines tested (all combination indexes < 1). In TMD8 cells, HDL NPs decreased p-Btk levels comparable to treatment with 10nM Ibrutinib. Addition of the PI3K inhibitor Pilaralisib (XL147) demonstrated mild synergy in the Ramos cell line, but not the SUDHL4, TMD8 or HBL-1 cell lines (all combination index values >1). Treatment of Ramos and SUDHL4 cells with an inhibitor of PTEN, a phosphatase responsible for acting in opposition to PI3K leading to inactivation of Akt, rescued the cells from HDL NP-induced cell death. TMD8 cells treated with the PTEN inhibitor demonstrated a smaller increase in survival when HDL NPs were applied, suggesting that PI3K may not play a major role in HDL NP-induced cell death in activated B cell DLBCLs. PTEN activity is influenced by the level of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters present in the cell, with increasing levels correlating with decreased PTEN activity. Cholesterol levels were higher in the ABC DLBCL cell lines compared to the other B cell lymphoma cell lines. HDL NPs significantly reduced the cholesterol content of Ramos cells, but not the TMD8 or HBL-1 cells, suggesting that the ability of the HDL NPs to alter cellular cholesterol homeostasis correlates with their ability to induce lymphoma cell death. Conclusion: HDL NPs demonstrated synergy with inhibitors to the pro-survival kinases Akt and Btk, suggesting that HDL NPs act to disrupt second messenger signaling pathways in lymphoma cells by directly altering signaling through SCARB1, modulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis, and/or through disruption of membrane raft organization. HDL NPs represent an innovative, targeted therapeutic, with great potential, to add to existing combination chemotherapy regimens. Disclosures Thaxton: Aurasense: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: The patent for the HDL NPs has been licensed to Aurasense, a biotech company co-founded by C. Shad Thaxton..

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Charach, Ron. "Hal." Lancet 351, no. 9099 (January 1998): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78283-0.

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39

Sterritt, D. "Howl." Journal of American History 98, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jar134.

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40

Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, and Lowell Duckert. "Howl." postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studies 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/pmed.2012.47.

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Leddy, Michael, Allen Ginsberg, and Barry Miles. "Howl." World Literature Today 61, no. 4 (1987): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143871.

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Choi, Jin-Yong, Eyee Hyun Nam, Yoon Jae Seong, Jin Hyuk Yoon, Sookwan Lee, Hong Seok Kim, Jeongsu Park, Yeong-Jae Woo, Sheayun Lee, and Sang Lyul Min. "HIL." ACM Transactions on Storage 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3281030.

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Henkin, Yaakov, and Robert A. Kreisberg. "HDL." Endocrinologist 2, no. 2 (March 1992): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199203000-00008.

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Bailey, Christopher. "Howl." Ecopsychology 5, no. 4 (December 2013): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/eco.2013.0053.

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Parhofer, K. G. "HDL." Der Kardiologe 2, no. 4 (July 18, 2008): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12181-008-0091-z.

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Civeira, Fernando, and Elena Burillo. "Colesterol HDL bajo o hipofunción HDL." Medicina Clínica 138, no. 13 (May 2012): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2012.01.006.

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Rhainds, David, and Jean-Claude Tardif. "From HDL-cholesterol to HDL-function." Current Opinion in Lipidology 30, no. 2 (April 2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0000000000000589.

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48

Rajani, N. Sree, and V. Bhargavi Reddy. "UNDERSTANDING YOGASUTRA: A FRAMEWORK FOR ECOLOGICAL VIRTUE ETHICS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i7.2017.2134.

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Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), formerly known as Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), is the largest consumer products company in India. The name HUL came into vogue in late June 2007. The Head office of the company is located in Mumbai. There are in all 41,000 employees of different categories working in the company. The company is headed by a non-executive Chairman (presently Mr. Hareesh Manwani. HUL is number one Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Company in India.

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Schwahn, H., and B. Schramm. "Vibrational relaxation of HCl in HCl/Kr and HCl/Xe mixtures." Chemical Physics Letters 130, no. 1-2 (1986): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(86)80419-5.

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Didichenko, Svetlana A., Alexei V. Navdaev, Alexandre M. O. Cukier, Andreas Gille, Patrick Schuetz, Martin O. Spycher, Patrice Thérond, M. John Chapman, Anatol Kontush, and Samuel D. Wright. "Enhanced HDL Functionality in Small HDL Species Produced Upon Remodeling of HDL by Reconstituted HDL, CSL112." Circulation Research 119, no. 6 (September 2, 2016): 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.308685.

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