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Xu, Xiong, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Shuling Wang, Hao Wu, Bohua Zhan, Xinxin Liu, and Naijun Zhan. "HpC: A Calculus for Hybrid and Mobile Systems." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 9, OOPSLA1 (April 9, 2025): 1158–83. https://doi.org/10.1145/3720478.
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Networked cybernetic and physical systems of the Internet of Things (IoT) immerse civilian and industrial infrastructures into an interconnected and dynamic web of hybrid and mobile devices. The key feature of such systems is the hybrid and tight coupling of mobile and pervasive discrete communications in a continuously evolving environment (discrete computations with predominant continuous dynamics). In the aim of ensuring the correctness and reliability of such heterogeneous infrastructures, we introduce the hybrid π-calculus (HpC), to formally capture both mobility, pervasiveness and hybridisation in infrastructures where the network topology and its communicating entities evolve continuously in the physical world. The π-calculus proposed by Robin Milner et al. is a process calculus that can model mobile communications and computations in a very elegant manner. The HpC we propose is a conservative extension of the classical π-calculus, i.e., the extension is “minimal”, and yet describes mobility, time and physics of systems, while allowing to lift all theoretical results (e.g. bisimulation) to the context of that extension. We showcase the HpC by considering a realistic handover protocol among mobile devices.
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MAN, K. L., M. A. RENIERS, and P. J. L. CUIJPERS. "CASE STUDIES IN THE HYBRID PROCESS ALGEBRA HyPA." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002385.
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HyPA is an algebraic theory based on the classical process algebra Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP) for the specification and analysis of hybrid systems. We have the idea that HyPA is also well suited for addressing various aspects of digital embedded systems including hardware, software and concurrency, as well as mixed-signal designs. To show that HyPA is useful for the specification and analysis of hybrid systems and that our idea is correct, we illustrate the use of HyPA with some case studies: a point-to-point communication , a thermostat, a positive-edge-triggered D flip flop, and a small part of a mixed-signal fuzzy controller.
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DONG, JIN SONG, PING HAO, and BRENDAN MAHONY. "FORMAL DESIGNS FOR EMBEDDED AND HYBRID SYSTEMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002117.
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The design of embedded and hybrid systems requires powerful mechanisms for modeling data, state, concurrency and real-time behaviour. The {first} part of this paper illustrates a powerful design notation Timed Communicating Object Z (TCOZ) that has both channel based and sensor/actuator based interfaces. We believe that TCOZ is well suited for presenting more complete and coherent design models for complex embedded and hybrid systems. However, the challenge is how to analyze and check these models with tools support. One effective approach is to project (transform) the design models into multiple domains, then to use existing specialized tools in those domains to perform the checking and analyzing tasks. The second part of this paper demonstrates one particular projection from TCOZ designs to Timed Automata (TA) models so that TA model checkers can be used to check time related properties.
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Sharykin, Raman E., and Alexander N. Kourbatski. "A model of distributed objectbased stochastic hybrid systems." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Mathematics and Informatics, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6508-2019-2-52-61.
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This article offers a mathematical model for distributed objectoriented stochastic hybrid systems (DOBSHS). DOBSHS are composite objects communicating with other objects through the exchange of messages through an asynchronous medium such as a network. An important component of the model is the probabilistic nature of the DOBSHS, in which the state of the system is described by stochastic differential equations with instantaneous probabilistic state changes when certain conditions are met. Also probabilistic is the nature of the messaging environment, in which the model of message delivery time is a random variable. Such problems are often encountered in practice in various areas and issues of formal modeling and verification of their properties are very important. The article presents a mathematical model of DOBSHS and proved that it has a Markov property.
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Степаненко, Сергей, Sergey Stepanenko, Василий Южаков, and Vasiliy Yuzhakov. "Exascale supercomputers. Architectural outlines." Program systems: theory and applications 4, no. 4 (November 15, 2013): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2418.
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Architectural aspects of exascale supercomputers are explored. Param-eters of the computing environment and interconnect are evaluated. It is shown that reaching exascale performances requires hybrid systems. Processor elements of such systems comprise CPU cores and arithmetic accelerators, implementing the MIMD and SIMD computing disciplines, respectively. Efficient exascale hybrid systems require fundamentally new applications and architectural efficiency scaling solutions, including: 1) process-aware structural reconfiguring of hybrid processor elements by varying the number of MIMD cores and SIMD cores communicating with them to attain as high performance and efficiency as possible under given conditions; 2) application of conflict-free sets of sources and receivers and/or decomposi-tion of the computation to subprocesses and their allocation to environment elements in accordance with their features and communication topology to minimize communication time; 3) application of topological redundancy methods to preserve the topology and overall performance achieved by the above communication time minimiza-tion solutions in case of element failure thus maintaining the efficiency reached by the above reconfiguring and communication minimization solu-tions, i.e. to provide fault-tolerant efficiency scaling. Application of these solutions is illustrated by running molecular dynamics tests and the NPB LU benchmark. The resulting architecture displays dynamic adaptability to program features, which in turn ensures the efficiency of using exascale supercomputers.
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Gerald Chukwudi Eze and Mamilus Aginwa Ahaneku. "Sub-System Architecture for millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 306–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1352.
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In this paper, we study the hybrid beamforming design for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. The designing of hybrid beamforming for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is tasking since its analog beamforming is shared among all subcarriers. We adopt a two-step technique for designing the analog and digital beamforming separately in order to maximize the average achievable energy and spectral efficiency of frequency-selective mmWave mMIMO-OFDM systems. Firstly, the analog beamforming design is based on the viewpoint of sub-systems (SS) and the goal is to optimize the array gain and radio frequency chains. Secondly, the digital beamforming design is carried out by using the regularized channel diagonalization (RCD) and block diagonalization (BD) solutions. On the other hand, the BD solution is modified for single-user. Thus, we propose the use of SS-RCD for multi-user and SS-BD for single-user hybrid beamforming designs. The solutions provide interference suppression but differ in low-SNR performance when communicating to many mobile users via data streams. Simulation results present that our hybrid beamforming design outperforms several other designs.
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Al Asmari, Abdullah Faiz, Tariq Alqubaysi, Fayez Alanazi, Ahmed Almutairi, and Ammar Armghan. "Cooperative longevity of interaction model for addressing paused handoff problem in smart city intelligent transportation systems." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (March 17, 2025): e0318997. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318997.
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Smart cities use Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to manage traffic by continuously communicating with roadside infrastructure and nearby vehicles. Paused handoff interrupts grounded congestion, signal supervision, and path-shifting knowledge. Paused handoffs occur when cars wait to interact owing to volatile neighbours or heavily crowded roadside units. In congested metropolitan areas, ITS vehicle communication interruptions are a significant issue. This research addresses this issue. Hence, the research introduces the Cooperative Longevity of Interaction Model (CLoIM) to enhance communication reliability by minimizing the impact of paused handoff. The model employs a hybrid trained herd optimization algorithm to improve the longevity for interaction between vehicles and roadside units, minimizing handoff interruptions. The approach dynamically adjusts search strategies to prioritize high longevity interactions, improving communication stability. Results show that CLoIM increases longevity by 10.81% and reduces the paused handoff lag by 9.17%, effectively addressing the challenges of vehicle density and mobility in ITS scenarios.
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Chandnani, Manali, Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal, and Meeta Sharma. "A Survey on Synchronization Approach in MAC Layer Protocols." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2017010102.
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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes the layered approach for communication between two networked systems. The Data link layer of OSI model consists of a sub layer known as MAC layer for achieving coordination among the communicating nodes to access the shared channel. This channel is shared between multiple nodes in a communication network and the packets transmitted at same time by different nodes collide with each other. This situation leads to loss of data and bandwidth gets wasted. To avoid this situation, MAC layer supports various protocols: TDMA, ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA and many hybrid techniques which employ their own criteria of synchronization for minimizing the collisions. In this paper the authors discuss about the MAC layer and the multiple access protocols which it supports for achieving synchronization among the nodes in the channel.
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Gudiño-Mendoza, Berenice, Ernesto López-Mellado, and Enrique Aguayo-Lara. "A scheme for the simulation of networked agent systems modeled by timed hybrid Petri nets." SIMULATION 94, no. 10 (November 21, 2017): 887–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717737861.
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A novel scheme for simulating networked agent systems is presented. In this approach, the system is composed of identical communicating agents, which have multi-role capabilities in such a manner that they can perform diverse tasks, according to a given execution context. The agent’s behavior is modeled using a timed hybrid Petri net ( THPN) whose evolution, valid for all the agents, is computed off-line using Matlab. The agents are interconnected and simulated in a Java platform using the JADE middle-ware.
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Nushi, Besmira, Ece Kamar, and Eric Horvitz. "Towards Accountable AI: Hybrid Human-Machine Analyses for Characterizing System Failure." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 6 (June 15, 2018): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v6i1.13337.
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As machine learning systems move from computer-science laboratories into the open world, their accountability becomes a high priority problem. Accountability requires deep understanding of system behavior and its failures. Current evaluation methods such as single-score error metrics and confusion matrices provide aggregate views of system performance that hide important shortcomings. Understanding details about failures is important for identifying pathways for refinement, communicating the reliability of systems in different settings, and for specifying appropriate human oversight and engagement. Characterization of failures and shortcomings is particularly complex for systems composed of multiple machine learned components. For such systems, existing evaluation methods have limited expressiveness in describing and explaining the relationship among input content, the internal states of system components, and final output quality. We present Pandora, a set of hybrid human-machine methods and tools for describing and explaining system failures. Pandora leverages both human and system-generated observations to summarize conditions of system malfunction with respect to the input content and system architecture. We share results of a case study with a machine learning pipeline for image captioning that show how detailed performance views can be beneficial for analysis and debugging.
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Gupta, Pragya, and Markus Duchon. "Developing Self-Similar Hybrid Control Architecture Based on SGAM-Based Methodology for Distributed Microgrids." Designs 2, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040041.
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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are the complex systems that control and coordinate physical infrastructures, which may be geographically apart, via the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). One such application of CPS is smart microgrids. Microgrids comprise both power consuming and power producing infrastructure and are capable of operating in grid connected and disconnected modes. Due to the presence of heterogeneous smart devices communicating over multiple communication protocols in a distributed environment, a system architecture is required. The objective of this paper is to approach the microgrid architecture from the software and systems’ design perspective. The architecture should be flexible to support various multiple communication protocols and is able to integrate various hardware technologies. It should also be modular and scalable to support various functionalities such as island mode operations, energy efficient operations, energy trading, predictive maintenance, etc. These requirements are the basis for designing the software architecture for the smart microgrids that should be able to manage not only electrical but all energy related systems. In this work, we propose a distributed, hybrid control architecture suited for microgrid environments, where entities are geographically distant and need to operate in a cohesive manner. The proposed system architecture supports various design philosophies such as component-based design, hierarchical composition of components, peer-to-peer design, distributed decision-making and controlling as well as plug-and-play during runtime. A unique capability of the proposed system architecture is the self-similarity of the components for the distributed microgrids. The benefit of the approach is that it supports these design philosophies at all the levels in the hierarchy in contrast to a typical centralized architectures where decisions are taken only at the global level. The proposed architecture is applied to a real system of 13 residential buildings in a low-voltage distribution network. The required implementation and deployment details for monitoring and controlling 13 residential buildings are also discussed in this work.
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Hynninen, Niina, and Kathrin Kaufhold. "The value of academics’ research-related online writing." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 14, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.202005013003.
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Research productivity indicators tend to ignore online and social media writing of academics, nevertheless, many academics for instance tweet and blog. It thus seems that there is additional value for writing in these genres. This study sets out to explore what roles writing in these hybrid online genres plays in relation to academics’ research activities. Drawing on in-depth research interviews with 29 academics with various L1s from three different disciplines, the study focuses on the participants’ perceptions of tweeting and blogging, and how they value writing in these genres in relation to core research-writing genres in their fields. Besides some differences in the evaluations between the disciplines, in general the academics expressed a strong orientation towards evaluative regimes related to writing in their core genres, particularly institutional merit systems and peer review systems. At the same time, the hybrid genres seemed to gain value beyond these systems in providing opportunities for self-actualisation and communicating on one’s own terms. The findings provide important insights into the ecology of genres academics make use of in the process of knowledge production.
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Yinka-Banjo, Chika, Isaac O. Osunmakinde, and Antoine Bagula. "Cooperative Behaviours with Swarm Intelligence in Multirobot Systems for Safety Inspections in Underground Terrains." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/678210.
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Underground mining operations are carried out in hazardous environments. To prevent disasters from occurring, as often as they do in underground mines, and to prevent safety routine checkers from disasters during safety inspection checks, multirobots are suggested to do the job of safety inspection rather than human beings and single robots. Multirobots are preferred because the inspection task will be done in the minimum amount of time. This paper proposes a cooperative behaviour for a multirobot system (MRS) to achieve a preentry safety inspection in underground terrains. A hybrid QLACS swarm intelligent model based on Q-Learning (QL) and the Ant Colony System (ACS) was proposed to achieve this cooperative behaviour in MRS. The intelligent model was developed by harnessing the strengths of both QL and ACS algorithms. The ACS optimizes the routes used for each robot while the QL algorithm enhances the cooperation between the autonomous robots. A description of a communicating variation within the QLACS model for cooperative behavioural purposes is presented. The performance of the algorithms in terms of without communication, with communication, computation time, path costs, and the number of robots used was evaluated by using a simulation approach. Simulation results show achieved cooperative behaviour between robots.
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Rayón Rumayor, Laura, Ana María De las Heras Cuenca, and José Hernández Ortega. "Didáctica universitaria híbrida: identidad digital creativa y multimodalidad." Altre Modernità, no. 27 (May 30, 2022): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/17876.
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The incipient interest in hybrid and collaborative didactics in times of COVID-19 highlights the fundamental role of digital hybrids in the training of university students. New mobile devices allow the ubiquity of teaching-learning processes. But they not only allow the possibility of sharing and communicating at any time and place. In these devices, different tools that integrate different representation systems converge, and offer new forms of construction, representation and communication of knowledge. From the questioning of the hegemonic technological culture, and from a didactic approach that advocates comprehensive and critical teaching, we want to present the creative functions of mobile devices so that students can build their own texts, new multimodal narratives, for the construction of a creative digital identity. An identity that allows them to perceive, analyse, reflect, produce, communicate and participate in their environment in a collaborative way. We present a transgressive didactic proposal based on photographic narration that displays new semiotic ways of building knowledge and making it known. We discuss its value to rethink other functions of academic knowledge and assessment, beyond achievement tests, critical dimensions in the University.
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Chalal, Lamine, Allal Saadane, and Ahmed Rachid. "Unified Environment for Real Time Control of Hybrid Energy System Using Digital Twin and IoT Approach." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 16, 2023): 5646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125646.
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Today, climate change combined with the energy crisis is accelerating the worldwide adoption of renewable energies through incentive policies. However, due to their intermittent and unpredictable behavior, renewable energy sources need EMS (energy management systems) as well as storage infrastructure. In addition, their complexity requires the implementation of software and hardware means for data acquisition and optimization. The technologies used in these systems are constantly evolving but their current maturity level already makes it possible to design innovative approaches and tools for the operation of renewable energy systems. This work focuses on the use of Internet of Things (IoT) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies for standalone photovoltaic systems. Based on Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism and the Digital Twin (DT) paradigm, we propose a framework to improve energy management in real time. In this article, the digital twin is defined as the combination of the physical system and its digital model, communicating data bi-directionally. Additionally, the digital replica and IoT devices are coupled via MATLAB Simulink as a unified software environment. Experimental tests are carried out to validate the efficiency of the digital twin developed for an autonomous photovoltaic system demonstrator.
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Hadi, Ahmed Adnan, and Seyed Vahab AL-Din Makki. "Improved MANET Routing Protocols Performance by Using Hybrid Cat and Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO)." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 2182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19148.
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The technology that used in communicating data and voice among certain mobile network nodes using wireless medium and radio spectrum transmission is called Mobile networking. Generally, Mobile refers to the intent, portable and lightweight devices that may be carried by their movie users. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid version of the swarm optimization model to improve the MANET routing protocols. The proposed optimization sets optimal parameters for the MANET networks. The proposed model combines between Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). The methodology which will be developed in this research can be used for revealing the MANT networks or mobile sensor networks the study involve enhance mechanism(s) that can be used to avoid degraded routing issues to increase the performance. The result the obtain by proposed model satisfy best result compared with both PSO and CSO.
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Xu, Xiong, Shuling Wang, Bohua Zhan, Xiangyu Jin, Naijun Zhan, and Jean-Pierre Talpin. "Unified Graphical Co-modelling, Analysis and Verification of Cyber-physical Systems by Combining AADL and Simulink/Stateflow." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 43, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3631483.3631487.
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The design of safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPSs) involve several dimensions, including physics, hardware rchitecture and software functionality. It is desirable to design CPSs by taking these issues into account uniformly and yet, few existing design workflows support this aim. For instance, AADL is an architecturecentric modelling formalism for CPSs, which focuses on modelling architecture and prototyping real-time hardware platforms, but it delegates physical and software behavioral models to so-called annexes. By contrast, Simulink/Stateflow (S/S) focuses on modelling interacting physical and software behaviors, but does not render the non-functional characteristics of their hardware platforms. To address this issue, in [1], we proposed the combination of AADL and S/S, called AADL S/S, to comodel CPSs and presented a method to uniformly analyse and verify them. AADL S/S provides a unified graphical co-modelling environment for CPS design and supports simulation through C code generation. Also, [1] presented a formal semantics of AADL S/S by translation to Hybrid Communicating Sequential Processes (HCSP), yielding a deductive verification framework of the combined models using Hybrid Hoare Logic (HHL). Additionally, [1] proved the correctness of the translation of AADL S/S to HCSP.
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Piaskowski, Krzysztof, Renata Świderska-Dąbrowska, Aleksandra Kaleniecka, and Paweł K. Zarzycki. "Advances in the Analysis of Water and Wastewater Samples Using Various Sensing Protocols and Microfluidic Devices Based on PAD and μTAS Systems." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0170.
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Abstract The main goal of this review is to summarize practical approaches concerning the application of microfluidic systems for the analysis of various biomarkers and pollutants, as well as microbes, in water and wastewater matrixes. This problem involves multidisciplinary expertise combining research knowledge from various areas, including wet chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, molecular biology, genetics, signal processing, microelectronics material science, and separation science. It has been documented that fairly primitive but fast and inexpensive screening methods involving paper-based analytical devices (PADs) and micro total analytical systems (μTAS) can be considered as serious alternatives to their more advanced counterparts such as GC, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis coupled to various sophisticated detectors (e.g., multiwavelength spectrophotometers such as UV-Vis/DAD and mass spectrometers). The main advantage of PAD- and μTAS-driven technology is that such sensing devices may work under on-site and real-time conditions and measure a number of physical parameters and chemical factors simultaneously. Moreover, hybrid miniaturized analytical systems may combine sensing and data acquisition modules with common mobile phones and electronic devices working with global positioning systems and communicating through the Internet.
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Elliott, Rohan A., Cik Yin Lee, and Safeera Y. Hussainy. "Evaluation of a hybrid paper–electronic medication management system at a residential aged care facility." Australian Health Review 40, no. 3 (2016): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14206.
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Objectives The aims of the study were to investigate discrepancies between general practitioners’ paper medication orders and pharmacy-prepared electronic medication administration charts, back-up paper charts and dose-administration aids, as well as delays between prescribing, charting and administration, at a 90-bed residential aged care facility that used a hybrid paper–electronic medication management system. Methods A cross-sectional audit of medication orders, medication charts and dose-administration aids was performed to identify discrepancies. In addition, a retrospective audit was performed of delays between prescribing and availability of an updated electronic medication administration chart. Medication administration records were reviewed retrospectively to determine whether discrepancies and delays led to medication administration errors. Results Medication records for 88 residents (mean age 86 years) were audited. Residents were prescribed a median of eight regular medicines (interquartile range 5–12). One hundred and twenty-five discrepancies were identified. Forty-seven discrepancies, affecting 21 (24%) residents, led to a medication administration error. The most common discrepancies were medicine omission (44.0%) and extra medicine (19.2%). Delays from when medicines were prescribed to when they appeared on the electronic medication administration chart ranged from 18 min to 98 h. On nine occasions (for 10% of residents) the delay contributed to missed doses, usually antibiotics. Conclusion Medication discrepancies and delays were common. Improved systems for managing medication orders and charts are needed. What is known about the topic? Hybrid paper–electronic medication management systems, in which prescribers’ orders are transcribed into an electronic system by pharmacy technicians and pharmacists to create medication administration charts, are increasingly replacing paper-based medication management systems in Australian residential aged care facilities. The accuracy and safety of these systems has not been studied. What does this paper add? The present study identified discrepancies between general practitioners’ orders and pharmacy-prepared electronic medication administration charts, back-up paper medication charts and dose-administration aids, as well as delays between ordering, charting and administering medicines. Discrepancies and delays sometimes led to medication administration errors. What are the implications for practitioners? Facilities that use hybrid systems need to implement robust systems for communicating medication changes to their pharmacy and reconciling prescribers’ orders against pharmacy-generated medication charts and dose-administration aids. Fully integrated, paperless medication management systems, in which prescribers’ electronic medication orders directly populate an electronic medication administration chart and are automatically communicated to the facility’s pharmacy, could improve patient safety.
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Huang, Yi, Shah Nazir, Xinqiang Ma, Shiming Kong, and Youyuan Liu. "Acquiring Data Traffic for Sustainable IoT and Smart Devices Using Machine Learning Algorithm." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1852466.
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Billions of devices are connected via the Internet which has produced various challenges and opportunities. The increase in the number of devices connected to the Internet of things (IoT) is nearly beyond imagination. These devices are communicating with each other and facilitating human life. The connection of these devices has provided opening directions for the smart applications which are one of the growing areas of research. Among these opportunities, security and privacy are considered to be one of the major issues for researchers to tackle. Proper security measures can prevent attackers from interrupting the security of IoT network inside the smart city for secure data traffic. Keeping in view the security consideration of data traffic for smart devices and IoT, the proposed study presented machine learning algorithms for securing the data traffic based on a firewall for smart devices and IoT network. The study has used the dataset of “Firewall” for validation purposes. The experimental results of the approach show that the hybrid deep learning model (based on convolution neural network and support vector machine) outperforms than decision1 rules and random forest by generating a recognition rate of 95.5% for the hybrid model, 68.5% for decision rules, and 78.3% accuracy for random forest. The validity of the proposed model is also tested based on other performance metrics such as f score, error rate, recall, and precision. This high accuracy rate and other performance values show the applicability of the proposed hybrid model to secure data traffic purposes in smart devices. This can be used in many research areas of the smart city for security purposes.
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Kostenko, V. V., A. Yu Bykanova, D. N. Mikhaylov, and A. V. Remezkov. "Underwater maintenance station of hybrid unmanned underwater vehicle monitoring system for oil and gas production complex." Podvodnye issledovaniia i robototehnika, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/1992-4429_2024_47_01_01.
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The use of support vessels significantly increases the cost of monitoring objects of underwater production complexes (UPC), and the presence of a cable communication line significantly limits the possibility of using remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicles (ROV), which is reduced to zero in conditions of continuous ice coverage of the work area. An obvious alternative to the use of ROVs are autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (AUVs), equipped with equipment for conducting contact work with monitoring objects and communicating with the shore control post. At the same time, the necessary autonomy for the use of such hybrid autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (HAUVs) can be ensured by a network of bottom stations equipped with systems for contactless charging and information exchange with the shore UPC control post. The work proposes the concept of an underwater service station (USS) for a HAUV, which allows, in long-term underwater deployment conditions, to use the device not only in an autonomous mode, but also in a remote control mode from a shore control post. A model for using the station for its intended purpose and the composition of the equipment necessary for its implementation have been determined, the design of the technical solution of the station has been presented, determined taking into account the features of installation on a complex bottom surface and the requirements for docking the HAUV for contactless charging and information exchange, including in the mode of remote control from the SCP. Basic technical solutions for the USS have been developed that provide automatic adjustment of the horizontal position of the docking unit, reliable docking and holding of the HAUV charging and information exchange terminals, and control of the vehicle’s pointing process using a set of rotary video cameras with lamps and a sector-view sonar. Algorithms for interaction between the station and the HAUV have been developed for autonomous and controlled via optical communication cable operating modes of the vehicle.
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Sabra, Zahraa, and Hassan Artail. "Using group anonymity to hide the identity of VoIP mobile users communicating over hybrid networks while preserving quality of service." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 16, no. 17 (August 19, 2016): 2792–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2725.
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BOUKERCHE, AZZEDINE, and STEVE ROGERS. "PERFORMANCE OF GZRP AD HOC ROUTING PROTOCOL." Journal of Interconnection Networks 02, no. 01 (March 2001): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265901000245.
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Ad hoc networks are useful for providing communication support where no fixed infrastructure exists or the deployment of a fixed infrastructure is not economically profitable, and movement of communicating parties is allowed. Therefore, such networks are designed to operate in widely varying environments, from military networks to low-power sensor networks and other embedded systems. Frequent topology changes caused by node mobility make routing in ad hoc wireless networks a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient ad hoc routing algorithm, which we refer to as GZRP, a hybrid protocol that makes use of the ZRP scheme and the Global Positioning System (GPS). As opposed to the ZRP original scheme, our GZRP scheme consists of propagating the routing (query) messages only to the nodes that are further away from the query source. We discuss the algorithm, its implementation, and report on the performance of GZRP scheme, and compare it to the ZRP routing protocol using an extensive simulation experiment. Our results indicate clearly that GZRP outperforms ZRP by reducing significantly the number of route query messages, and thereby increases the efficiency of the network load. Furthermore, we show that careful GPS screening angle is an important factor in the success of the GZRP ad hoc routing protocol.
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Wang, Xiaoqi, Hanwei Zhang, and Zheng Hou. "Physical Layer Secrecy Analysis of Multihop Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks with Jamming." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9931174.
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This paper explores the secrecy analysis of a multihop hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network (HSTRN) with jamming, where one satellite source is aimed at communicating with destination users via multihop decode-and-forward (DF) terrestrial relays, in the existence of an eavesdropper. All the destination users are deployed randomly following a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) based on stochastic geometry. Each relay operates not only as a conventional DF relay to forward the received signal but also as a jammer to generate intentional interference to degrade the eavesdropper link, considering shadowed-Rician fading for legitimate link and wiretap link while Rayleigh fading for jamming link. To characterize the secrecy performance of the considered network, the accurate analytical expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) is derived. In order to reveal further insights on the achievable diversity order of the network, the asymptotic behavior of SOP expression at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region is deduced. Moreover, the throughput of the system is discussed to characterize the secrecy performance. Finally, the theoretical results are validated through comparison with simulation results and show that (1) the secrecy performance of the considered network gets better with the decreasing of the hops and with the decreasing severity of the channel fading scenario, (2) the relay of the network operating as a jammer can provide better secrecy performance without extra network resources, and (3) small hops and high SNR can yield to high throughput of the system.
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Batra, Vandna, and Suresh Kumar. "A semi-automated hybrid approach to identify radicalization on social digital platform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp563-572.
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The <span>digital social platform is an important medium for sharing or communicating a message from one person to another or one to many. The growth of internet users and social media use has also led to many adverse consequences. Such a platform is also used for radical activity by spreading the radical message in public. The detection of such a message is impossible by human monitoring. Many researchers are continually working on automatic detection of such activity to find a way to stop it. Automatic identification is also not possible due to the massive amount of data present and ambiguity in messages. The proposed work presents a framework for detecting the radical message and taking action by automatically blocking it. A dataset of 33k tweets has been fetched from twitter based on radical words. Two machine learning models, first countervectorizer and Logistic regression-based and second convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been applied yielding 96.97% accuracy. The provision of human intervention is also given in doubt cases which helps further to improve the accuracy of overall model. The framework gives very good results in a simulated environment</span>.
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Olumuyiwa, Olugbenga, and Yuhua Chen. "Virtual CANBUS and Ethernet Switching in Future Smart Cars Using Hybrid Architecture." Electronics 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213428.
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Smart cars have gained much attention in recent years due to the introduction of several safety and convenience features. In this paper, we propose a virtual CANBUS architecture that will improve the safety and data processing in future smart cars with the hybrid use of Ethernet technology deployed in conjunction with a CANBUS system to take advantage of the virtualization, speed, and quality of data processing. Data will be routed intelligently across the dual data paths of the traditional CANBUS and the Ethernet. The virtualized nature, with the help of a series of smart nodes and network traffic analyzers, will allocate the needed resources at the right time during the execution of different processes. This enables the possibility of routing data traffic over both Ethernet and CANBUS connections. The architecture is backward compatible with older vehicles and therefore takes advantage of the existing CANBUS system. The proposed architecture ensures that different segments are isolated from each other so that a breakdown in a segment does not bring down the entire system. The experimental results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed solution, which is to switch between two data pathways depending on the traffic loads. While the CANBUS is sufficient with low-bandwidth data, the Ethernet will create a better performance with high-bandwidth processes. The virtualized environment creates virtual topologies among communicating nodes, greatly simplifying the network management and enhancing the data traffic performance as the bandwidth requirement and the number of processors in future smart cars continue to scale.
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Alexander, Kim. "The Role of Leadership and Local Ownership in Research 4 Development (R4D) Projects." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036002.
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All researchers for development struggle to achieve lasting results on the ground. Regardless of the introduced technology, the fundamental basis for achieving lasting results involves: 1) strategic project leadership, 2) local ownership of research objectives, research design, outputs and overall results, and 3) local leadership and management of activities and finances. To support lasting results, research tools can assist in communicating the complexities of an introduced technology and can guide stakeholder interactions to bridge knowledge systems and create common understandings and new hybrid knowledge systems. We highlight a transdisciplinary process used to co-create a Research Discussion Tool and identification of 9 thematic areas which, in combination, enabled obstacles to technology uptake to be overcome and farmers to benefit from research-based innovations. The process involved assisting local researchers and extension agents to co-develop solutions, strategies and methods to improve technology uptake by farmers in Lao PDR, using a series of change management interventions. A complex ecology of factors involving farmers’ decision drivers and farmers’ decision enablers within farmers’ production systems influence technology uptake. The relative importance of each factor is dependent on the specific technology that is being introduced. Hence, projects that introduce new technologies grapple to address all relevant factors and often do not have the ability to deal with the complex array of factors that are at play. Co-constructed knowledge embeds local knowledge that becomes accessible to projects. The approach also has the potential to harness collaborative exchanges with other projects in similar geographical regions.
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Bayley, Nicholas, Christopher Tse, Henan Zhu, Lisa Ta, Lynn Baufeld, Laura Gosa, Weihong Yan, et al. "EPCO-10. INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY OF ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED EXPRESSION PROGRAMS IN GLIOMA PATIENTS AND DERIVED MODEL SYSTEMS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.009.
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Abstract Bulk tumor and single-cell RNA sequencing have revealed the remarkable molecular heterogeneity and plasticity of gliomas. This has led to the creation of tumor subtypes and cellular states describing inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, respectively. While there has been great interest in creating and revising new classifications, the biological reasons for this degree of heterogeneity and the selective pressures driving it remain to be fully described. The brain tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, regionally heterogeneous ecosystem of communicating normal and malignant cell types and scavenge-able nutrients and metabolites. We hypothesized that distinct cellular interactions and metabolic flux in the TME may drive the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of gliomas. To identify tumorigenic programs impacted by environmental context we performed bulk RNA sequencing of over 35 triplets of patient glioma samples and their matched derivative models established in direct orthotopic mouse xenografts (DPDOX) and conventional gliomasphere cultures (GS). This analysis revealed environment-specific programs including in vivo immune and neuroglial signaling, in vitro lipid metabolism, and cell migration altered in model systems. These environmental programs are enriched in specific tumor subtypes and neuroglial signaling programs lost in vitro are dynamically upregulated upon re-transplantation in vivo. To further investigate associations between tumor cellular state and environment-driven programs we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 3 patient and model system triplets. By annotating with brain cell atlases from previous single-cell characterizations, 6 major clusters and over 20 sub-clusters of tumor cell states and hybrid states were identified. Overlaying results from bulk sequencing revealed cell state-specific expression of environment-induced programs. Further, these cellular state “niches” diverge in model environments suggesting that environmental factors modulate not only the composition of cellular states but also their biological roles within gliomas.
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Jhade, Srinivas, V. Senthil Kumar, T. Kuntavai, Purnendu Shekhar Pandey, Ajith Sundaram, and Gayatri Parasa. "An Energy Efficient and Cost Reduction based Hybridization Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) over the Internet of Things (IoT)." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 2s (January 31, 2023): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i2s.6038.
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Wireless networks are viewed as the best-used network and specifically Portable Specially Appointed Organizations (MANETs) have tracked down numerous applications for its information transmission progressively. The plan issues in this organization are to confine the utilization of energy while communicating data and give security to the hubs. Soa protocol needs to be energy efficient to avoid network failures. Thereby this paper brings an effective energy efficient to optimize LEAR and make it energy efficient. The energy-mindfulness element is added to the LEAR guiding convention in this work using the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization method (BPSO). The recommended method selects programmes taking into account course length in addition to the programme level of energy when predicting the future. To get good results, the steered challenge is first designed using LEAR. The next step is to choose a route that enhances the weighting capability of the study hours and programming power used.This MANET has been secured using the cryptographic method known as AES.According to experimental findings, the proposed hybrid version outperformed other cutting-edge models.
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Van Wyk, Susandra J. "LOST IN TRANSLATION: PRESENT-DAY TERMS IN THE MAINTENANCE TEXTS OF THE NADIÄ€TU FROM OLD BABYLONIAN NIPPUR." Journal for Semitics 23, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 443–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3501.
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Present-day terms such as the usufruct – in civil law systems – and its equivalent, the life-right – in common law systems – were foreign to ancient Near Eastern legal texts. Prima facie both terms – usufruct and life-right – direct the “time-limited interest†of the use and enjoyment by a person over the property of another. However, mainstream ancient Near Eastern scholars’ unqualified use of the foreign terms – diverged in time and space – affect the translation and our insight into ancient texts. In addition, differences in land ownership institutions and philosophies in present-day law systems and those of ANE contribute to variances in the meaning and interpretation of the intrinsic aspects of property and as such “time-limited interest†applicable: a usufruct, life-right or even a hybrid form of both. In the article, I focus on the maintenance – a time-limited interest – of the nadÄ«tu priestess in the Old Babylonian city-state of Nippur. The application of Stone’s theory on Nippur’s land ownership – the institutions’ economy – prima facie shows that the nadiÄtu of Nippur held a freestanding life-right, rather than a usufruct which the majority of ANE scholars assigned to the nadiÄtu’s maintenance. However, I propose a deviation with the superficial overlay of present-day terms on the maintenance of the nadiÄtu by presenting a time-limited interest framework. The framework serves as a delineation method of identifying the characteristics of the maintenance-construction of the nadiÄtu from OB Nippur: communicating a “unitary concept†in context of the ancient texts – rather than only assigning coined terms – taking recognition of the influences of Nippur’s land ownership philosophy.
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Rush, Kathy L., Lindsay Burton, Peter Loewen, Ryan Wilson, Sarah Singh, Lana Moroz, and Jason G. Andrade. "Patients’ Experiences With the Fit of Virtual Atrial Fibrillation Care During the Pandemic: Qualitative Descriptive Study." JMIR Cardio 7 (January 30, 2023): e41548. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/41548.
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Background In-person health care has been the standard model of care delivery for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite the growing use of remote technology, virtual health care has received limited formal study in populations with AF. Understanding the virtual care experiences of patients in specialized AF clinics is essential to inform future planning of AF clinic care. Objective This qualitative descriptive study aimed to understand patients’ virtual AF clinic care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were recruited from a pool of patients who were receiving care from an AF clinic and who were enrolled in a larger survey study. A total of 8 virtual focus groups (n=30) were conducted in 2 waves between March 2021 and May 2021. Facilitators used a semistructured discussion guide to ask participants questions about their experiences of virtual care and the perceived quality of virtual care and technology support. Three team members initially open coded group data to create a preliminary coding framework. As the analysis progressed, with subsequent focus groups, the code clusters were refined. Results The participants were primarily male (21/30, 70%), aged ≥65 years (20/30, 67%), and college graduates (22/30, 73%). Patients found virtual care to be highly beneficial. Central to their experiences of virtual care was its fit or lack of fit with their health needs, which was integrally connected to communication effectiveness and their preferred virtual care future. Practical benefits included flexibility, convenience, and time and cost savings of virtual care. Virtual care fit occurred for small, quick, and mundane issues (eg, medication refills) but was suboptimal for new and more complex issues that patients thought warranted an in-person visit. Fit often reflected the effectiveness of communication between patient and provider and that of in-clinic follow-up. There was near-complete agreement among participants on the acceptability of virtual communication with their providers in addressing their needs, but this depended on adequate reciprocal communication. Without the benefit of in-person physical assessments, patients were uncertain and lacked confidence in communicating the needed, correct, and comprehensive information. Finally, participants described concerns related to ongoing virtual care with recommendations for their preferred future using a hybrid model of care and integrating patient-reported data (ie, blood pressure measurements) in virtual care delivery. Conclusions Virtual care from a specialty AF clinic provides practical benefits for patients, but they must be weighed against the need for virtual care’s fit with patients’ needs and problems. The stability and complexity of patients’ health needs, their management, and their perceptions of communication effectiveness with providers and clinics must be considered in decisions about appointment modality. Patients’ recommendations for future virtual care through use of hybrid models together with systems for data sharing have the potential to optimize fit.
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HALUŠKA, Renát, and Ľuboš OVSENÍK. "EXAMPLE OF SWITCHING HYBRID FSO/RF SYSTEMS." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 20, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2020-0022.
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This article addresses the issue of optical communication with Free Space Optics (FSO) and its use. The article deals with the design and construction of a monitoring system designed for the collection and processing of data characterizing the nature of conditions along the transmission path of a hybrid FSO system with a radio communication link. Due to the vulnerability of the FSO transmission channel to weather conditions, it is necessary to predict the strength of the received signal and switch to a backup line based on machine learning using decision trees.
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Sivolapov, Aleksey, and Vladimir Sivolapov. "COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF TOPOLS IN COMMUNICATION WITH SYSTEMS OF THEIR REPRODUCTION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-144-149.
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We consider poplar selection systems in connection with their reproduction systems. Poplar is a model object on which it is possible to test all known systems for the selection of woody plants. Positive selection and synthetic selection methods (hybridization, mutagenesis, polyploidy, genetic engineering, biotechnology) effectively “work” on poplar. Poplar is propagated by seed, vegetative and in vitro biotechnology. Amphimixis or seed propagation of poplar is used to create hybrid seed plantations, for example white poplar × aspen. In natural poplar populations, spontaneous hybridization occurs, leading to the emergence of new species. The ability to vegetatively propagate poplar successfully solves the problem of plus breeding: selected best biotypes are propagated by in vitro grafting, cuttings or regenerants, and plantation cultures are created. Synthetic breeding methods: hybridization is widely used on poplar; dozens of poplar hybrids for forest crops and landscaping have been obtained; Induced mutants and polyploids are obtained. Breeders get their first genetically modified forms using genetic engineering. By microcloning, economically valuable individuals are propagated and regenerants are used to create forest crops and landscaping.
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Gaverineni Siva Ratna Kiran, R., and Jammal Madaka Kodanda Rama Sastry. "NOVEL APPROACH FOR BEST SIGNAL PROCESSING AND NETWORK STRUCTURE TO IMPROVE CLOUD ERP RELIABILITY AND HIGH SPEED." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13380.
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If the companies face difficulties in using ERP systems because of its complicated integrating and customising functions, the company can consider some other software for processing their data. On the other hand, those who are using ERP system should make precise settings for providing accurate data and timely service. An error-free network structure must be maintained by cloud ERP systems for providing enhanced service. Based on the network structure and best optimization methods, it must focus on nodes, clusters, LANs, and WANs. The novel data pre-processing consists of three core areas, and they are Pattern Recognition, Data Clustering, and Signal Processing. In this paper, Dynamic cluster formation and pattern recognition are given special weightage. For offering high-speed data transactions with data shrinking, Hybrid dynamic clustering algorithm is explained. As there is a shortage of electricity, the priority is given to energy savings by WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). The consumption of energy has decreased by permitting few cluster heads in the network, also known as nodes for communicating with the base station. A simple, effective, and computationally efficient optimization approach known as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized. With the usage of fitness function every particle poss the fitness value and even their speed it controlled using velocity. These values have been utilized by WSN for rectifying the issues like optimal deployment, clustering, node selection, and data aggregation. Efforts have been made to reduce the energy consumption occurs by the nodes and for extending the life of the network by proposing a PSO-based technique which selects the best nodes as cluster heads and a reselect mechanism for extending the network lifetime.
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Flynn, Kian A., and Cassandra J. Hartnett. "Cutting through the Fog: Government Information, Librarians, and the Forty-Fifth Presidency." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 3 (March 16, 2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.3.6608.
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The presidential election of 2016 and the ensuing forty-fifth presidential administration have been marked by an increasingly polarized electorate, concerns about “fake news,” and a greater use of social media. President Trump and his administration have utilized the increased disintermediation of information consumption by communicating directly to the public and going around the “experts.” These phenomena raise issues for government information librarians concerned with the production, distribution, consumption, and preservation of government information, and impact the public’s understanding of—and trust in—government information. The government information issues we see today are not entirely new, as past governmental obfuscation has been well documented, but confronting these issues in the twenty-first century poses unique challenges. Fortunately, individuals, institutions, and libraries across the country are responding to this unique moment with a host of innovative solutions that promise to keep Americans informed in these turbulent times. Current engagement around these issues is reflected in educational programming at universities and public libraries, citizen actions such as the Data Rescue movement, and hybrid projects such as the End of Term Archive. The Government Publishing Office (GPO) is due for modernization, and statutory reform of 44 U.S.C., chapter 19, is being debated by the Committee on House Administration, library associations, and the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) community. To meet the long-term needs of our users, librarians should advocate for the strengthening of existing structures for federal information such as the FDLP, LOCKSS-USDOCS, and the Hathi Trust Digital Library. Future initiatives must ensure that official legal processes remain in place to protect government information, while leaving room for creative nongovernmental collaborations as well.
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Zhang Tonghao, 张桐浩, 王旭东 Wang Xudong, and 吴楠 Wu Nan. "基于CNN的QAM-PPM混合调制端到端通信系统." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 17 (2022): 1706001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.1706001.
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Polkovnikov, O. Yu, and A. M. Materukhin. "Tri-axial access systems for endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms of the anterior circulation in the acute rupture period." Endovascular Neuroradiology 28, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26683/2304-9359-2019-2(28)-66-72.
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Objective – to evaluate the advantages of tri-axial systems with the possibility of «distal access» with endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms of the anterior circulation in the acute period of rupture.Materials and methods. In the course of consecutive 15 operations, endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms in the acute rupture period, a triaxial access system was used. The system included a «long» introducer (IVA LONG IVA 6F80, Balt), a distal access catheter (Fargo 6F 115 cm in 8 cases, FargoMax 6F 115 cm in 2 cases and Sofia 6F 115 cm in 1 case) or a guiding catheter (Chaperon 6F in 4 cases) and a microcatheter (Vasco+ 10D or Headway 17) with a microguidewire (Hybrid 1214, Traxcess 14, Avigo, Agility 14). To identify intraoperative complications, angiography data were analyzed and the diameter of the arteries before and after the intervention was measured. Evaluation of angiographic data was performed in standard, and if necessary, additional projections. The diameter of the vessels (A1-A2-segments of the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA), М1-М2-segments of the Medial Cerebral Artery (MCA), petrosium and cavernous segment of the Internal Cerebral Artery (ICA) was measured in the anterior–posterior plane. Immediately after the operation, all patients underwent control computed tomography. Results. In all cases, there were no pronounced difficulties in navigating and catheterizing the cavity of the aneurysm, there was no need to reconfigure the tip of the microcatheters or change the microguidewire. The microcatheter did not lose its «controllability» even against the background of the pronounced tortuosity of the brachiocephalic arteries or iliac segments. By the end of the operation, in no case was an increase in angiospasm noted. In all observations, a regression of the severity of spasm was noted, with the absence of the latter in 12 cases. In none of the cases were there intraoperative thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications.Conclusions. Tri-axial access provides good proximal support and reduces the risk of developing intraoperative complications during endovascular embolization of aneurysms of the anterior circulation in the acute period of rupture. When accessing the aneurysms of the anterior cerebral anterior communicating artery complex, the routine use of distal access catheters is justified.
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Abdi, Abdikarim Ismail. "A Comprehensive Review Hybrid Free-Space Optical (FSO) And Radio Frequency (RF) Communication Systems." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 03 (March 10, 2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42231.
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The combination of Free-Space Optical (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) communication technologies has garnered considerable interest owing to their complementary attributes, which may improve the deficiencies of each system independently. Hybrid FSO/RF systems integrate the elevated data rates and minimal latency of FSO with the durability and extensive coverage of RF, rendering them appropriate for diverse applications, such as mobile networks and satellite communication. This study offers a thorough examination of current developments in hybrid FSO/RF communication systems, emphasizing performance evaluation, system topologies, and optimization strategies. We study essential technologies such Alamouti coding, antenna selection, relay selection, connection adaption, and security methods. The study examines the implementation of hybrid systems in 5G and forthcoming networks, with rising developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to augment system performance. Keywords Hybrid Communication Systems, Free-Space Optical (FSO), Radio Frequency (RF), Alamouti Coding, Link Adaptation, Relay Selection, Antenna Diversity, 5G Networks, Machine Learning, Security, FSO/RF Integration, System Performance, Atmospheric Turbulence, Communication Networks, Next-Generation Networks, Wireless Communications
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Kiedrowski, Piotr. "Toward More Efficient and More Secure Last Mile Smart Metering and Smart Lighting Communication Systems with the Use of PLC/RF Hybrid Technology." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/675926.
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This paper describes the last mile communication system solutions realized in PLC/RF hybrid technology, which is dedicated to Smart Grid communication subsystems, mainly for Smart Metering and Smart Lighting applications. The use of hybrid technology makes the system more efficient and more secure (still being of low cost, in terms of both implementation and operation). This paper proposes a novel parameter, PDR, to describe the performance of the communications in the last mile network. The communications are realized with the use of the narrowband power line communications technique, the low power wireless communications technique, and the combination of them. The cost analysis for the proposed solution is also done. Theoretical considerations, contained in the paper, are the result of the author’s experience in the design, implementation, and operation of the last mile Smart Grid communication systems, realized in the narrowband PLC or 433/868 MHz radio technology. These communication systems were developed for data acquisition and distribution between specific terminals, which are Smart Meters or Smart Lanterns. The aim of this paper is to outline superiorities of the hybrid technology, from which the most important is a low layer protection of the sensitive critical infrastructure, which undoubtedly is a last mile Smart Grid communication network.
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Cintrón Gutiérrez, Luis Javier. "Internet Memes and Representation of Contemporary Puerto Rican Cities: The Case of Bayamón as a NarcoCity." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 26 (June 30, 2022): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.529991.
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The economic and social systems develop tangible cultural manifestations that seek legitimacy and visibility. This paper discusses internet memes as an alternative narration and representations of contemporary Puerto Rican cities. Memes are a new way of communicating and a new cultural product. The case study that will be analyzed in this essay encompasses Bayamon, the second-most populous city in Puerto Rico and is also considered one of the most violent cities in the Archipelago, by users on social media. The methodology for this research paper will include a semiotic analysis of memes related to Bayamón as posted on diverse social media platforms such as Facebook. The theories to be used for this paper include hybrid cultures and the boundaries of modernity. Los sistemas económicos y sociales desarrollan manifestaciones culturales tangibles que buscan legitimidad y visibilidad. En este artículo se discute sobre los memes de Internet como una narración y representaciones alternativas de las ciudades puertorriqueñas contemporáneas. Los memes son una nueva forma de comunicación y un nuevo producto cultural. El caso de estudio que se analizará en este ensayo se refiere a Bayamón, que es la segunda ciudad más poblada de Puerto Rico y también es considerada como una de las ciudades más violentas del Archipiélago, por los usuarios en las redes sociales. La metodología que se adoptará para este trabajo de investigación incluirá un análisis semiótico de memes relacionados con Bayamón publicados en diversas plataformas de medios sociales como Facebook. Las teorías que se utilizarán para este trabajo incluyen las culturas híbridas y los límites de la modernidad.
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Javed, Ibrahim Tariq, Khalifa Toumi, Fares Alharbi, Tiziana Margaria, and Noel Crespi. "Detecting Nuisance Calls over Internet Telephony Using Caller Reputation." Electronics 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030353.
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Internet telephony permit callers to manage self-asserted profiles without any subscription contract nor identification proof. These cost-free services have attracted many telemarketers and spammers who generate unsolicited nuisance calls. Upon detection, they simply rejoin the network with a new identity to continue their malicious activities. Nuisance calls are highly disruptive when compared to email and social spam. They not only include annoying telemarketing calls but also contain scam and voice phishing which involves security risk for subscribers. Therefore, it remains a major challenge for Internet telephony providers to detect and avoid nuisance calls efficiently. In this paper, we present a new approach that uses caller reputation to detect different kinds of nuisance calls generated in the network. The reputation is computed in a hybrid manner by extracting information from call data records and using recommendations from reliable communicating participants. The behavior of the caller is assessed by extracting call features such as call-rate, call duration, and call density. Long term and short term reputations are computed to quickly detect the changing behavior of callers. Furthermore, our approach involves an efficient mechanism to combat whitewashing attacks performed by malicious callers to continue generating nuisance calls in the network. We conduct simulations to compute the performance of our proposed model. The experiments conclude that the proposed reputation model is an effective method to detect different types of nuisance calls while avoiding false detection of legitimate calls.
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Baryun, Abdussalam Nuri, Khalid Al Begain, and David Villa. "A Hybrid Network Emergency Communication Model." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2013040102.
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To communicate within disaster scenarios, different devices/systems need to cooperate with specific protocols. The key communication protocol needs to provide interoperability among these systems and provide the solution for emergency services. The paper studies the hybrid network disaster recovery (HNDR) systems and classifies its communication scenarios and requirements. The authors propose a new networking protocol for the hybrid network, with ability to forward sessions and messages through different transport protocols, and copes with node mobility and node failure. The paper considers heterogeneous network disaster recovery scenario and proposes a cost effective and easy to deploy hybrid network emergency communication protocol (HNEC). This internetwork protocol is a specific model of the inter-domain messaging (IDM) protocol for emergency communications. The routing protocol procedure is similar to the reactive AODV procedure but is different in maintaining routes from unpredicted link breaks or node failure. A detailed simulation model with the designed network layer model is used to investigate network delivery rate and end-to-end delay performance. The performance results are analyzed using varying node load, mobility speed, and network size.
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Lee, Junsoo, Stephan Bohacek, Joo P. Hespanha, and Katia Obraczka. "Modeling Communication Networks With Hybrid Systems." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 15, no. 3 (June 2007): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2007.893090.
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Elhariri Essamlali, Mohammed Taha, Aicha Sekhari, and Abdelaziz Bouras. "Product lifecycle management solution for collaborative development of Wearable Meta-Products using set-based concurrent engineering." Concurrent Engineering 25, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x16671386.
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The trend of smart products is now changing the world and transforming the life of customers. People tend to be more tied to smart, connected products seeking to ease and improve quality of life and find new ways to make things such as daily tasks differently. In this context, the world of clothing has noticed a big advance targeting various applications: sport, gaming, and health monitoring and rehabilitation. Wearable smart products are intelligent hybrid products made of garments, sensor networks, and applications, interacting with users and the environment capable of real-time data processing and storage, with capabilities to extend functionalities by communicating with other things. The multi-functionality property of smart products needs the integration of various electronic parts. High variety of parts with different interfaces makes the development of smart products complex than generic products and requires the involvement and close collaboration of multidisciplinary team (garment designers, sensor networks designers, and application developers). A high number of alternative designs can be considered at the beginning of the design process due to this variety and high availability of parts. The smart product development team needs then to explore multiple candidate solutions before finding the best smart product design that complies with the requirements. This work proposes the set-based concurrent engineering to deal efficiently with the alternatives. Therefore, this article provides a novel approach to shift from set-based concurrent engineering theoretical principles toward a pragmatic (practical) application to wearable smart products taking advantage of product lifecycle management system capabilities for the implementation. The use of product lifecycle management system to support the set-based concurrent engineering process will contribute for a better understanding of the approach avoiding confusions, simplify the architecture of the solution in view of integration with other systems, and enable the stakeholders to focus on the level of innovation of the smart product.
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COHEN, I., I. GOLDING, Y. KOZLOVSKY, E. BEN-JACOB, and I. G. RON. "CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE MODELS OF COOPERATION IN COMPLEX BACTERIAL COLONIES." Fractals 07, no. 03 (September 1999): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x99000244.
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In this paper, we study the effect of discreteness on various models for patterning in bacterial colonies (finite-size effect) and present two types of models to describe the growth of the bacterial colonies. The first model presented is the Communicating Walkers model (CWm), a hybrid model composed of both continuous fields and discrete entities — walkers, which are coarse-graining of the bacteria; coarse-graining may amplify the discreteness inherent to the biological system. Models of the second type are systems of reaction diffusion equations, where the branching of the pattern is due to non-constant diffusion coefficient of the bacterial field. The diffusion coefficient represents the effect of self-generated lubrication fluid on the bacterial movement. The representation of bacteria by a density field neglects their discreteness altogether. We implement the discreteness of the bacteria by introducing a cutoff in the growth term at low bacterial densities. We demonstrate that the cutoff does not improve the models in any way. The cutoff affects the dynamics by decreasing the effective surface tension of the front, making it more sensitive to anisotropy and decreasing the fractal dimension of the evolving patterns. We compare the continuous and semi-discrete models by introducing food chemotaxis and repulsive chemotactic signaling into the models. We find that the growth dynamics of the CWm and the growth dynamics of the Non-Linear Diffusion model (one of the continuous models) are affected in the same manner. From such similarities and from the insensitivity of the CWm to implicit anisotropy, we conclude that even the increased discreteness, introduced by the coarse-graining of the walkers, is small enough to be neglected. There are advantages and disadvantages to the two types of models. Employing both of them in parallel enables us to conclude that the discreteness of the bacteria does not significantly affect the growth dynamics (no finite-size effect).
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Satea, Satea, Amjed Razzaq Alabbas, and Mahmood J. Ahmad. "Effective Signal Transmission from Underwater to Air Utilizing Hybrid Communication Systems." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 16, no. 2 (2025): 257–70. https://doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.160219.
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Underwater optical communication (UOC) and off-surface areas wireless communications are a rapidly growing field, especially with the emergence of new technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles and abovewater drones. The challenge lies in the absence of a water surface platform to transfer the signal from underwater to off surface. This research investigates the design and implementation of a hybrid communication system that successfully transmits signals from underwater environments to above-water. The study utilizes OFDM as method to generate data on the integration of underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) at 532nm and LOS optical channel. After adjusting the line of sight through the angle of refraction and overcoming the challenges of water and above water conditions as well as ambient lighting, ambitious results were obtained 100 meters above clear water and 40 meters in haze wither at a depth of 10 meters for transmission. The research has mitigated challenges and enhancing the effectiveness of underwater-to-air communication systems.
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Huang, Binhong, Hao Chen, Cheng Guo, Xiaodong Xu, Nan Ma, and Ping Zhang. "Semantic Communication on Digital Wireless Communication Systems." Electronics 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2025): 956. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050956.
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Semantic communication is an effective technological approach for the integration of intelligence and communication, enabling more efficient and context-aware data transmission. In this paper, we propose a bit-conversion-based semantic communication transmission framework to ensure compatibility with existing wireless systems. Specifically, a series of physical layer processing modules in end-to-end transmission are designed. Additionally, we develop a semantic communication simulator to implement and evaluate this framework. To optimize the performance of this framework, we introduce a novel physical layer metric, termed Integer Error Rate (IER), which provides a more suitable evaluation criterion for semantic communication compared to the conventional bit error rate (BER). On the basis of the IER, a minimum Manhattan distance constellation mapping scheme is proposed, which can improve the transmission quality of semantic communication under the same BER condition. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid joint source–channel coding (JSCC) and separate source–channel coding (SSCC) transmission scheme. This scheme decouples the semantic quantization output from the modulation order by segmenting the bits to be transmitted. Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid JSCC/SSCC transmission scheme can improve the semantic performance, such as the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments while reducing bandwidth usage by up to 50% compared to the benchmark scheme.
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Li, Rui, Guang Jun Zhang, Tao Zhu, Xu Jing Wang, and Jun Dong. "Generalized Hybrid Dislocated Function Projective Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Time Delay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.672.
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In order to improve the security of secure communication, a novel generalized hybrid dislocated function projective synchronization (GHDFPS) was proposed and GHDFPS of time delay chaotic systems with uncertain parameters were researched in this paper. Due to time delay, the chaotic system can produce multiple positive Lyapunov exponential; this characteristic can enhance security in secure communications noticeably. Based on Lyapunove stability theory and modified hybrid feedback control method, the modified hybrid feedback controller and the parameter updating laws were designed for the GHDFPS between the two time delay chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. The feedback gain can be adjusted automatically according to the synchronization error values. Under the controller, generalized hybrid dislocated function projective synchronization of the two chaotic systems is achieved, and the uncertain parameters of response systems are identified. The chaotic item is added in the function scale factor. The chaotic item in the function scaling factor makes function scaling factor more complex and unpredictable. So this can enhance the features of indeterminism in secure communication. The time delay feedback Lorenz system as an example; by numerical simulations the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.
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Minggan Ye, Minggan Ye, Wei Hu Minggan Ye, Yifeng Zhao Wei Hu, Lianfen Huang Yifeng Zhao, and Zhiyuan Shi Lianfen Huang. "Beamforming Design for OFDM Joint Sensing and Communication System." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 7 (December 2022): 1449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022122307001.
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<p>In this paper, we discussed the beamforming schemes for OFDM-based joint sensing and communication (OFDM-JSC) system, which enable JSC system to use directional beams to detect directions of interest, while communicating with one or more downlink users, thus further enhancing the practicability of JSC system. Specifically, we equip OFDM-JSC transmitter with hybrid beamforming structure and digital beamforming structure in SU-MIMO and MU-MISO scenarios, respectively. For SU-MIMO JSC, we separately considered the hybrid beamforming design with partially connected structure and fully connected structure. For MU-MISO JSC, we separately consider the beamforming design with total antenna array transmit power constraint, and per antenna transmit power constraint. For the four non-convex problems in above two scenarios, we have designed corresponding low-complexity JSC beamforming algorithms and we verified the effectiveness of proposed schemes through numerical simulation.</p> <p> </p>
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Jannat Tariq, Mahmood F. Mosleh, Maha Abdulameer, Huthaifa A. Obeidat, and Omar A. Obeidat. "Hybrid Lossless Compression Techniques for English Text." Journal of Techniques 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v5i1.1059.
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Since the demand for data transfer and storage is always increasing, sending data in its original form will take a long time to send and receive. Compression is an important issue for digital communications systems because it imposes an important rule while reducing complexity and power requirements. The goal of compression is to reduce the file size without compromising the quality of the information, which leads to more capacity saving and reduces the required bandwidth in terms of the communications system. This paper proposes a system that consists of a hybrid of two lossless techniques, including a concatenation of Huffman and LZ4 in order to enhance the traditional techniques. The result of the proposed system demonstrates that the proposed combination techniques reduce the file size significantly, achieving between 73.649 % and 79.708 % in terms of average saving ratio (SR). The above would give us credible, cost-effective, and affordable lossless encoding systems for electronic communication systems.