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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hybrid electric cars

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hybrid electric cars'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Lyashuk, Oleg, Uliana Plekan, Oleg Tson, and Bogdan Gevko. "Development Technologies of Cars Hybrid Power Plants." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 1, no. 8(39) (2023): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2023.8(39).1.139-146.

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Innovations and trends in the field of power plants of hybrid cars were covered in the article. The essence of the car's power plant was analyzed. The special transmission of hybrid cars was described. The modes of operation of the power plant in a hybrid car were outlined. Modern technologies of power plants of cars were given. The issue of increasing the efficiency of propulsion system of cars, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing toxic gas emissions in modern automotive industry was considered. It was emphasized that the practical use of combined power plants allows to significantly reduce the cost of transporting goods and passengers by vehicle, as well as to improve energy and environmental characteristics. The main modes of operation of the power plant in a hybrid car were listed by the authors, in particular: electric mode, hybrid mode, charge mode. Trends in the development of electric cars, which use electric propulsion systems instead of internal combustion engines, have been outlined. The trend of recent years in the development of electric cars included: an increase in the range of travel, fast charging and improvement of power electronic systems. The modern development of hybrid cars was analyzed in the article, in particular: Plug-in hybrid cars, use of a 48-volt network, an improvement of control modes in hybrid cars and energy recovery systems. Special attention was paid to changes in driving modes of hybrid cars. In general, the technologies of power plants of cars are developing rapidly, are aimed at reducing fuel consumption. A combination of internal combustion and electric motors in hybrid cars makes it possible to achieve an optimal balance between fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness, and ensures convenience and performance when driving on the road.

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Armashova-Telnik, G. S., and T. A. Bobovich. "Features of designing scenarios for the development of hybrid technologies in the Russian and foreign automotive industry." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-3-296-302.

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The relevance of the development of hybrid electric vehicle technology in the automotive industry lies in its diversity. Various degrees of hybridization allow you to get bonuses for both conventional cars with an internal combustion engine and pure electric vehicles, while controlling the level of electrification of your cars, from soft hybrids close to cars with only an internal combustion engine to plug-in hybrids more similar to pure electric vehicles. Depending on the policy of the automaker and the requirements of the market, it is possible to use various designs, including those based on existing developments. The article analyzes the modern automotive market in Russia and the share of cars with hybrid technology in it. A comparison of the development of hybrid technology in modern automotive construction of Russian and foreign automakers is made. The specificity of designing scenarios for the development of hybrid technologies in the Russian and foreign automotive industries is reflected in the very process of using hybrid technology in the models of foreign automakers. Thus, the use of mild hybrid technology is mainly used by automakers with the aim of a smooth transition to more electrified versions, the design and implementation of mild hybrid technology is used by automakers to improve the environmental parameters of their cars while maintaining dynamic performance or to increase the latter. Full hybridization technology can also be used as a transitional for full electrification of models, however, it is mainly used in electric vehicles aimed at a hybrid device. Sequential hybridization technology has not been widely used in passenger cars.

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SABATA, GIACOMO de. "Whither electric cars?" Environmental Conservation 24, no. 1 (March 1997): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000027.

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In a previous report I tried to show that the widespread use of electric cars, both battery-powered and so-called ‘hybrid’ types (i.e. vehicles utilizing an electric motor powered by a battery in town, and a combustion engine on open highways), would not reduce, but rather increase, air pollution, because the electricity required to run them would have to be generated by a large number of additional fossil-fuel burning power plants, with a lower total energy efficiency (de Sabata 1995).

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Jung, Frank. "Developing Quiet Hybrid and Electric Cars." ATZ worldwide 124, no. 7-8 (July 2022): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-022-0848-1.

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Yan, Shi Tong. "Hybrid Base and Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.956.

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Automotive hybrid technology development and mechanical, electrical,engine,energy technology is closely related with the development of these areas of technology, the development of hybrid technology also will be extensive. How to optimize the control strategy is the key to achieve hybrid cars low fuel consumption, low emissions targets . In the automotive power and meet other basic technical performance,and cost requirements of the premise,characteristics and operating conditions for the car's various components , control strategies to achieve a reasonable distribution of energy in the motor between the engine and effective,so that the vehicle the highest system efficiency,access to the largest vehicle fuel economy,low emissions and smooth driving performance.

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Zhang, Xin Qiang. "Research on the Automotive Hybrid Control System Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.450.

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With the rise of international oil prices and the increasingly scarce of oil energy, the fuel consumption of cars has received more and more attention of the community. In recent years, the number of cars has sharply soared, and its resulting resource consumption and environment are more and more problems, the most direct solution is the production of pure electric vehicles or oil electric hybrid cars, due to pure electric vehicles technology is not yet mature, hybrid cars have become the best choice to solve the energy and environmental problems. This paper first expatiates the characteristics of three kinds of hybrid power system, and introduces the working principle and way of working of the hybrid electric vehicle system; the second part establishes the mathematical model of automobile hybrid, to give the expression form of resistance coefficient, air resistance, rolling resistance and acceleration resistance under the hybrid driven; for the three forms of separate control power system, the third uses MATLAB/ADVISOR control software to carry out simulation, to provide a theoretical reference for the design and application of automobile hybrid power control system.

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Menes, Maciej. "Two decades of hybrid electric vehicle market." Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 3, no. 1 (May 4, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2021.003.

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The article presents a cross-sectional view of the development of the HEV car market over the last two decades. Hybrid cars are currently the widest group of cars equipped with alternative to classic drive systems. They are also the most numerous group among electric vehicles. The historical meanders of HEV development were described, as well as the current level of development of this market and the real prospects for the popularization of HEV cars. The level of world production of this category of motor vehicles in the twenty-year period 2001-2020 was also characterized. The article attempts to estimate the real size of the world\'s HEV fleet. The level of sales of this category of vehicles by individual countries and their changing percentage share in the passenger car market were also presented. Sales of electric hybrids even in the crisis year 2020 increased from 3.2 million to approx. 4 million vehicles, despite a decrease in sales of new passenger cars from 64 to 54 million units. The above fact also proves the market attractiveness of this type of vehicles and the constantly growing interest in them.

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Machedon-Pisu, Mihai, and Paul Nicolae Borza. "Is the Transition to Electric Passenger Cars Sustainable? A Life Cycle Perspective." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032614.

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Compared to conventional passenger cars, the hybrid and electric alternatives include electric motors and large batteries; the use of clean energy, reduced operation emissions, and decreasing purchase prices can represent solid reasons for their market adoption. The feasibility of the transition to electric cars is analyzed herein in terms of the costs, main pollutants, and energy consumption of compact to large-sized cars. In this regard, the proposed life cycle assessment methodology evaluates the pollution and energetic impacts of the current passenger car models with a weight varying from 1.6 to 1.8 tons, depending on the car type, for a complete life cycle. The life cycle emissions and energy consumption are also determined through simulation in order to validate the estimated values for the considered powertrains. This study has shown that a transition to current full-electric passenger cars, based on a European and United States energy mix, is not currently sustainable in terms of energy consumption. The complete life cycle values are similar for the tested conventional and full-electric passenger cars, ranging from 5 to 5.2 MJ/km. By comparison, the hybrid alternatives and full-electric cars based solely on renewable energy present lower energy consumption, ranging from 3.32 to 4.62 MJ/km. At the same time, the hybrid alternatives and conventional cars provide relevant benefits in life cycle costs: 20–25% lower than full-electric cars. In terms of life cycle emissions, the tested full-electric cars based on renewables show a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gases and in other relevant pollutants: 37% and 62%, respectively, lower than that of conventional cars.

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Pääkkönen, R., and L. Korpinen. "LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS INSIDE CARS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz248.

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Abstract Magnetic fields were compared inside passenger seats of electric, petrol and hybrid cars. While driving about 5 km in an urban environment, values were recorded and compared between car types. The magnetic flux densities of the cars were less than 2.6 μT. The magnitudes of the magnetic fields of petrol cars and hybrid cars were about the same and slightly lower for electric cars. Based on our measurements, values were less than 3% of the guidelines given for the general population or people using pacemakers.

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Wang, Yong Ding, Chen Qi Ma, and Hai Pan. "Comparative Analysis on Emission between Hybrid and Conventional Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1148.

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In order to study the influence of environment which the hybrid electric vehicle made, used the simulation software advisor to the prevailing two hybrid cars: Toyota and Honda Prius snd insight engine, motor and battery of the matching calculation. And made a comparison with conventional cars. Compared to traditional cars ,the hybrid cars have obvious advantages in environmental protection.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Brown, Darren. "Simulation and optimization of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 132 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597632541&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Viktoriya, Vennberg. "El- och hybridbilar: allmänhetens medvetenhet och inställning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161072.

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With the increasing rate of pollution from transports with fossil fuel, greater active action is required in the form of many measures from the global community to reduce the use of diesel and gasoline driven vehicles. The purpose of the study was to examine the public awareness and attitudes towards electric driven vehicles, as well as the factors important to the public when purchasing such vehicles. At the same time, a survey was carried out to identify possible differences in attitude between individuals who had electric driven vehicles and those who had gasoline or diesel driven cars. Finally, the government subsidies were examined in order to evaluate whether they affect the public willingness to buy electric driven vehicles. The survey was conducted in Sweden and was based partially on a poll and partially on interviews. The result of this study showed that there is a great interest for the general public towards electric driven vehicles, and the majority who took part in the survey was aware of the positive effects of electric driven vehicles. The comparison between the two groups showed that there is a significant difference between the attitudes to the electric vehicles. Among other things, there are differences regarding the electric vehicles' future in Sweden and also differences in the attitude to the price of the electric vehicle. However, there is no difference between the attitudes of the two groups regarding environmental friendliness and the importance of the state subsidy.

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Franceschi, Alessandro <1993&gt. "Modeling of Electric Hybrid Vehicles based on Innovative Energy Storage Technologies for Super Sports Cars Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10019/1/Modeling%20of%20Electric%20Hybrid%20Vehicles%20based%20on%20Innovative%20Energy%20Storage%20Technologies%20for%20Super%20Sports%20Cars%20Applications.pdf.

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Today, the contribution of the transportation sector on greenhouse gases is evident. The fast consumption of fossil fuels and its impact on the environment has given a strong impetus to the development of vehicles with better fuel economy. Hybrid electric vehicles fit into this context with different targets, starting from the reduction of emissions and fuel consumption, but also for performance and comfort enhancement. Vehicles exist with various missions; super sport cars usually aim to reach peak performance and to guarantee a great driving experience to the driver, but great attention must also be paid to fuel consumption. According to the vehicle mission, hybrid vehicles can differ in the powertrain configuration and the choice of the energy storage system. Lamborghini has recently invested in the development of hybrid super sport cars, due to performance and comfort reasons, with the possibility to reduce fuel consumption. This research activity has been conducted as a joint collaboration between the University of Bologna and the sportscar manufacturer, to analyze the impact of innovative energy storage solutions on the hybrid vehicle performance. Capacitors have been studied and modeled to analyze the pros and cons of such solution with respect to batteries. To this aim, a full simulation environment has been developed and validated to provide a concept design tool capable of precise results and able to foresee the longitudinal performance on regulated emission cycles and real driving conditions, with a focus on fuel consumption. In addition, the target of the research activity is to deepen the study of hybrid electric super sports cars in the concept development phase, focusing on defining the control strategies and the energy storage system’s technology that best suits the needs of the vehicles. This dissertation covers the key steps that have been carried out in the research project.

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Ramaswamy, Nikhil. "Development of control strategies to optimize the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51887.

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This thesis (1) reports a new Dynamic Programming (DP) approach, and (2) reports a Real Time Control strategy to optimize the energy management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV). Increasing environmental concerns and rise in fuel prices in recent years has escalated interest in fuel efficient vehicles from government, consumers and car manufacturers. Due to this, Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have gained popularity in recent years. HEV’s have two degrees of freedom for energy flow controls, and hence the performance of a HEV is strongly dependent on the control of the power split between thermal and electrical power sources. In this thesis backward-looking and forward-looking control strategies for two HEV architectures namely series and parallel HEV are developed. The new DP approach, in which the state variable is not discretized, is first introduced and a theoretical base is established. We then prove that the proposed DP produces globally optimal solution for a class of discrete systems. Then it is applied to optimize the fuel economy of HEV's. Simulations for the parallel and series HEV are then performed for multiple drive cycles and the improved fuel economy obtained by the new DP is compared to existing DP approaches. The results are then studied in detail and further improvements are suggested. A new Real Time Control Strategy (RTCS) based on the concept of preview control for online implementation is also developed in this thesis. It is then compared to an existing Equivalent Cost Minimization Strategy (ECMS) which does not require data to be known apriori. The improved fuel economy results of the RTCS for the series and parallel HEV are obtained for standard drive cycles and compared with the ECMS results

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Bernhardsson, Fredrik, and Peter Grill. "Stockholm som elbilsstad 2030." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41551.

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I Sverige används det idag cirka 5,4% förnybara drivmedel inom transportsektorn, att jämföra med under 0,5% år 2000. Av de ickefossila drivmedlen är el något som ofta benämns som en permanent och realistisk framtida lösning. Visionen ”Stockholm – Elbilsstad 2030” drivs av Stockholms Stad i samarbete med Fortum AB i syfte att ersätta den fossilbränsleslukande fordonsflottan. I den här studien undersöks de tekniska förutsättningarna och de eventuella vinsterna av ett storskaligt införande av elbilar. Studien har gjorts genom en modellering där parametrar som elbilens prestanda, elpris, bilens inköpspris och totala utsläpp använts. Resultatet skall presentera ett mikro- och ett makroresultat. Vinsterna beräknas dels för den enskilde individen, men också för samhället i stort. Vinsterna beräknas med en känslighetsanalys baserad på reella framtida scenarier. Resultaten visar tydligt att för den genomsnittlige Stockholmaren är elbilen det mest ekonomiskt lönsamma valet på sikt. På tio års sikt beräknas bensinbilen kosta individen 65,93% mer än elbilen om bensinpriset fortsätter med samma utveckling. En känslighetsanalys visar att även om bensinpriset skulle sjunka med 5% årligen in i framtiden skulle bensinbilen ändå vara 31,3% dyrare på tio års sikt. Resultaten visar också att samhällets kostnader för bilflottans utsläpp förväntas sjunka med 98% eller 92% beroende på om den svenska elproduktionen är tillräcklig eller om man måste importera el från övriga Norden. Samtidigt som kostnaderna för utsläppen sjunker för samhället, sjunker även skatteintäkterna till följd av minskad bensinanvändning. Om elpriset på sikt skulle stiga till följd av en ökad användning skulle detta dock kunna leda till att förlusten reduceras. Klart är att storskaligt införande av elbilar kräver ett engagemang från staten där den ekonomiska förlusten får ses som en investering i miljön och framtiden.
In Sweden there are currently about 5.4% renewable fuel vehicles within the transport sector, compared to less than 0.5% in 2000. Amongst the non-fossil fuel alternatives electricity is something which has often been referred to as a permanent and realistic future solution. The vision “Stockholm – A City of Electric Cars in 2030" is run by the City of Stockholm in cooperation with Fortum AB in order to replace the fossil-fuel-guzzling fleet. This report examines the technical conditions and possible gains of a large scale introduction of electric cars. The study was conducted through a modelling in which parameters such as electric car performance, tariff and total emissions are used. The conclusion will reveal a micro- and macro result. Economic gains are calculated both for the individual, but also for society at large. The profits are calculated by a sensitivity analysis based on realistic future scenarios. The results clearly show that for the average Stockholm resident, the electric car is the most economical choice. In ten years time the gasoline car is expected to cost the individual 65.93% more than the electrical car based on that the price of gasoline continues its current growth. A sensitivity analysis shows that even if gasoline prices were to drop by 5% annually into the future, gasoline car would still be 31.3% more expensive than the electric car in ten years time. The results also show that the societal costs of the car fleet’s emissions are expected to fall by 98% or 92% depending on whether the Swedish electricity production is sufficient, or whether imported electricity from other Nordic countries is necessary. While the cost of emissions decreases for the society, so are tax revenues due to reduced gasoline use. However, if the electricity price in the long run would rise due to increased use, this could however lead to a reduction of the loss. It is clear that for a large-scale introduction of electric cars to be successful it requires a committed government which will have to see the economic loss as a means to investment in the future and the environment.

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Pei, Dekun. "Development of simulation tools, control strategies, and a hybrid vehicle prototype." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45904.

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This thesis (1) reports the development of simulation tools and control strategies for optimizing hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) energy management, and (2) reports the design and testing of a hydraulic hybrid school bus (HHB) prototype. A hybrid vehicle is one that combines two or more energy sources for use in vehicle propulsion. Hybrid electric vehicles have become popular in the consumer market due to their greatly improved fuel economy over conventional vehicles. The control strategy of an HEV has a paramount effect on its fuel economy performance. In this thesis, backward-looking and forward-looking simulations of three HEV architectures (parallel, power-split and 2-mode power-split) are developed. The Equivalent Cost Minimization Strategy (ECMS), which weights electrical power as an equivalent fuel usage, is then studied in great detail and improvements are suggested. Specifically, the robustness of an ECMS controller is improved by linking the equivalence factor to dynamic programming and then further tailoring its functional form. High-fidelity vehicle simulations over multiple drive-cycles are performed to measure the improved performance of the new ECMS controller, and to show its potential for online application. While HEVs are prominent in the consumer market and studied extensively in current literature, hydraulic hybrid vehicles (HHVs) only exist as heavy utility vehicle prototypes. The second half of this thesis reports design, construction, and testing of a hydraulic hybrid school bus prototype. Design considerations, simulation results, and preliminary testing results are reported, which indicate the strong potential for hydraulic hybrids to improve fuel economy in the school bus vehicle segment.

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Vázquez, Astorga Gabriel. "A hybrid approach to enhance an automotive manufacturing process using QFD & VSM techniques." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Daanoune, Abdeljalil. "Contribution à l'étude et à l'optimisation d'une machine synchrone à double excitation pour véhicules hybrides." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT126.

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Dans un contexte ou la question de la préservation de l'environnement est devenue un sujet sociétal majeur, la recherche de nouvelles technologies pour remplacer la voiture à essence constitue un véritable enjeu industriel. Les véhicules hybrides et électriques sont une alternative prometteuse aux véhicules conventionnels. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et l'optimisation des machines électriques pour la motorisation de ces voitures.Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthodologie de dimensionnement et d'optimisation des machines synchrones à double excitation. L'intérêt de cette méthode est son bon compromis entre la précision et le temps de calcul et sa capacité d'adaptation à plusieurs types de machines. Le second volet de la thèse est consacré à la proposition d'une nouvelle structure de machine synchrone à rotor bobiné. Une technique originale de compensation de la réaction magnétique d'induit est mise en place, elle consiste en l'insertion d'aimants secondaires permettant de créer un flux dans l'axe q de la machine. Ce dernier a pour rôle d'affaiblir le flux de la réaction magnétique d'induit
In a context where the question of the environmental protection has become a major social problem, research new technologies to replace the gasoline car is a real industrial challenge. The hybrid and electric vehicles are a promising alternative to conventional vehicles. This thesis focuses on the design and optimization of electrical machines for electric and hybrid cars.In this work, we developed a new methodology for design and optimization of hybrid excitation synchronous machines. The advantage of this method is its good compromise between accuracy and computation time and its ability to be adapted to a wide range of machines. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the development of a new structure of a wound rotor synchronous machine. A novel technique for compensating the armature reaction of this machine is introduced, it involves the insertion of secondary magnets to produce a quadratic axis flux (q-axis), this latter has the function of weakening the armature reaction flux

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Katariya, Ashish Santosh. "Dynamic modeling and feedback control with mode-shifting of a two-mode electrically variable transmission." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45825.

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This thesis develops dynamic models for the two-mode FWD EVT, develops a control system based on those models that is capable of meeting driver torque demands and performing synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes while also accommodating preferred engine operating points. The two-input two-output transmission controller proposed herein incorporates motor-generator dynamics, is based on a general state-space integral control structure, and has feedback gains determined using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization. Dynamic modeling of the vehicle is categorized as dynamic modeling of the mechanical and electrical subsystems where the mechanical subsystem consists of the planetary gear sets, the transmission and the engine whereas the electrical subsystem consists of the motor-generator units and the battery pack. A discussion of load torque is also considered as part of the mechanical subsystem. With the help of these derived dynamic models, a distinction is made between dynamic output torque and steady-state output torque. The overall control system consisting of multiple subsystems such as the human driver, power management unit (PMU), friction brakes, combustion engine, transmission control unit (TCU) and motor-generator units is designed. The logic for synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes is also detailed as part of the control system design. Finally, the thesis presents results for responses in individual operating modes, EVT mode shifting and a full UDDS drive cycle simulation.

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MIller, Jacob. "The economic impact of emissions caps on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles." Connect to resource, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45475.

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Books on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Anderson, Curtis D. Electric and hybrid cars: A history. 2nd ed. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 2010.

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1946-, Anderson Judy, ed. Electric and hybrid cars: A history. 2nd ed. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010.

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Anderson, Curtis D. Electric and hybrid cars: A history. 2nd ed. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 2010.

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Hunter, Nick. How electric and hybrid cars work. New York, NY: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2014.

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Kaisha, Fuji Jūkōgyō Kabushiki. Dendō jinkai shūshū haiburiddo-sha ni okeru CO2 haishutsuryō sakugen no tame no dendō kudō ni kansuru jisshō kenkyū seika hōkokusho: Chikyū ondanka taisaku gijutsu kaihatsu tō jigyō. [Tokyo]: Fuji Jūkōgyō, 2011.

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Hummel, Christopher B. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and energy use. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Wakefield, Ernest Henry. History of the electric automobile: Battery-only powered cars. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993.

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Beieria, Kabushiki Kaisha. Heisei 26-nendo jisedai jidōsha tō ni taisuru yūzā no ishiki ni kansuru chōsa: Jisshi gyōmu hōkokusho : Heisei 26-nendo. [Hyōgo-ken Kōbe-shi]: Kabushiki Kaisha Beieria, 2014.

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R, Peralta Maria, Piotrowski Gregory K, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Mobile Sources. Advanced Technology Support Division. Technology Development and Support Group, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs, eds. Evaluation of a Toyota prius hybrid system (THS). Ann Arbor, MI (2565 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48105): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, Advanced Technology Support Division, Technology Development and Support Group, 1998.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Evaluating ultracapcitors for the Saturn Vue mild hybrid platform: Cooperative research and development final report. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Dyba, Wojciech. "Hybrid and electric cars." In The Economic Geography of the Car Market, 127–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003309659-7.

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Wolbertus, Rick, and Robert van den Hoed. "Plug-in (Hybrid) Electric Vehicle Adoption in the Netherlands: Lessons Learned." In Who’s Driving Electric Cars, 121–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38382-4_7.

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Heppeler, Gunter, Marcus Sonntag, and Oliver Sawodny. "Predictive planning of the battery state of charge trajectory for hybrid-electric passenger cars." In Proceedings, 525–38. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08844-6_34.

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Christidis, Konstantinos, Vassilios Profillidis, George Botzoris, and Lazaros Iliadis. "Forecasting the Passenger Car Demand Split from Public Perceptions of Electric, Hybrid, and Hydrogen-Fueled Cars in Greece." In Smart Energy for Smart Transport, 77–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23721-8_6.

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Buragadda, Swathi, Vengala Naga Phanindra, Samanthapudi VenkateswarRao, and RelangiJaswanth Pavan Goud. "Hybrid Stacking Algorithm to Detect Fraudulent Transactions in Credit Card." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 269–81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0644-0_25.

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Chen, Bao-ren, Dan-ke Hong, Li Wang, Yong-tong Ou, and Xin-hui Zhong. "Research on Hybrid Communication Networking Protocol Optimization Technology of Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things." In IoT and Big Data Technologies for Health Care, 40–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94185-7_4.

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Mohanty, Sachi Nandan, Tilottama Singh, Richa Goel, and Sukanta Kumar Baral. "Challenges in Digital Health Care—A Hybrid-Decision Approach Understanding Key Challenges in India." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 91–101. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9090-8_9.

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Chacko, Parag Jose, S. Akshaya, and R. Imran Jafri. "Applications – Transportation | Hybrid electric vehicles-cars." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00277-2.

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Sørensen, Bent. "On the Road Performance Simulation of Battery, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Cars." In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 247–73. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53565-8.00010-5.

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García-Contreras, Cecilia Pamela,. "Comparison of gasoline, hybrid and electric vehicles." In Young researchers Engineering Applications, 89–106. ECORFAN, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/p.2023.1.89.106.

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It is well known that hybrid and electric cars have been proposed and considered as the available alternative to gasoline vehicle, to try and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels to meet global environmental objectives. Therefore, the average user should have an analytical comparison to determine if the available alternatives are useful to them and their particular situation. As such, this project aims to provide a purchasing recommendation to the average user based off their needs while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the three types of automobiles available: gasoline, hybrid and electric. To complete this comparison, the best-selling cars in Mexico of each available category, with similar measurements and passenger capacity, were selected. Subsequently, it was decided that a journey of over 1000 km across the country would be the best comparison, deciding on the travel route to start from Torreón, Coahuila to Puebla, Puebla. After calculating the total energy needed for each vehicle to complete the same route, the stops needed to recharge and complete the route, as well as the time needed, it was concluded that compared to the gasoline car, the hybrid is an option with similar performance on long trips, while the electric car is not recommended for long trips like the one analyzed in this report

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Conference papers on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Picarelli, A., and M. Dempsey. "Simulating the complete 2014 hybrid electric Formula 1 cars." In 5th IET Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Conference (HEVC 2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.0960.

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Brandl, Stephan, and Bernhard Graf. "SOUND ENGINEERING FOR ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES: Procedures to create appropriate sound for electric and hybrid vehicles." In 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7228.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Importance of electric and hybrid vehicles steeply increased in the last few years. Especially topics like CO2 reduction and local zero emissions are forcing companies to focus on electrification. While main technical problems seem to be solvable from a technical point of view, commercial and security topics are gaining more importance.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For full electric vehicles the driving range is limited by the capacity of available batteries. As those batteries are one of the most heavy and expensive parts of these vehicles, reduction of battery size is a big topic in vehicle development. To increase a vehicle's driving range without increasing battery size some range extending backup system has to be available. Such a Range Extender should be a small system combining combustion engine and electric generator to produce the required electricity for charging the batteries whenever required.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the acoustic excitation of an electric engine driving the vehicle is very low compared to an internal combustion (IC) engine, sound characteristics of electric and hybrid cars differ considerably from conventional passenger cars. Requirements, especially for a combustion engine as part of a Range Extender are therefore very demanding as overall sound pressure level for electrical vehicles is much lower in many driving conditions compared to conventional cars. Therefore exterior vehicle noise and passenger comfort require an extensive acoustic tuning of the Range Extender unit.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">As electric vehicles are mainly targeted to serve inner city traffic they are mainly operated at slow driving speeds. Due to the low overall exterior sound pressure level other traffic participants (e.g. pedestrians and cyclists) tend towards overseeing electrically driven vehicles. Therefore strategies for the completely new field of exterior sound engineering have to be developed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the NVH (noise, vibration & harshness) development work of a range extender within the AVL approach of an electrically driven passenger car. The work starts with acoustic front loading in the concept phase and with NVH simulation in the design stage and is continued with intensive NVH development during integration into the electric vehicle. Additionally new strategies and ideas for interior and exterior sound design are discussed in this document.</div></div>

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Ionescu, Violeta Maria, Anca-Alexandra Sapunaru, Claudia Laurenta Popescu, and Mihai Octavian Popescu. "EMC Normes for Testing Electric and Hybrid Cars." In 2019 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ev.2019.8892881.

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Cerovsky, Z., and P. Mindl. "Hybrid electric cars, combustion engine driven cars and their impact on environment." In 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/speedham.2008.4581321.

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Li, Weifeng, Yuping Qian*, Xuankai Qiang, and Yangjun Zhang. "Study on the mission economy of hybrid and electric flying cars." In GPPS Hong Kong24. GPPS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/gpps23-tc-230.

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Flying cars are significant to future three-dimensional(3D) transportation. Pure-electric power possesses environmental-friendliness and low noise, which are suitable for urban air mobility (UAM). The hybrid power can achieve rapid power switching between vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) and cruising, and can easily meet the energy demand of long-range mission, making it suitable for intercity commuting. However, the high fidelity models of the power propulsion system are still lack, so does the quantitative research on the impact of flight mission parameters on the installed configuration and energy economy indicators of pure electric and hybrid power. The application scenarios have not been clearly distinguished. Firstly, this paper gives a flight mission profile that combines VTOL with climb and decent. Then, the installation performance requirements of batteries energy and power density are discussed. Afterwards, an optimization method for the installation configuration of pure electric and hybrid power systems that minimize the mission economy is progressed. The effects of different VTOL heights, ranges, and maximum take-off mass (MTOM) on mission economy for pure electric and hybrid flying cars are analysed. It is found that when VTOL height is 120m, the maximum range of pure electric flying vehicles is 180km. The mission economy of hybrid flying cars will be better than pure electric ones after 120km. As the range grow, the payload of pure electric flying cars decreases rapidly. The hybrid flying cars can maintain the payload of 30% MTOM, which present the mission economy of 0.003 RMB/kg km.

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Wohlgemuth, Sebastian, and Georg Wachtmeister. "Hydropneumatic storage technology for hybrid passenger cars." In 2013 3rd International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edpc.2013.6689744.

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Kalberlah, A. "Electric Hybrid Drive Systems for Passenger Cars and Taxis." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910247.

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Singh, Ayushi, Ankita Mohanty, and Chitra A. "Optimal Design of Electrical Safety and Protection Systems for Hybrid Electric Cars." In 2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-pact52855.2021.9696670.

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Makhija, Gagan, Manthan Mahajan, Nilesh Bansod, and Soovadeep Bakshi. "Design and Optimization of Powertrain Using Hybrid Planetary Gearbox for Formula Student Vehicle." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46782.

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Race cars are known for their brilliant acceleration as well as cornering performance. This requires optimization of each and every component of the car to shed every ounce of extra weight while maximizing the performance. This paper focuses on optimization of the powertrain of a Formula Student electric vehicle. The electric vehicle in question is a Formula style rear-wheel driven electric single person race car. The rear wheel drive is achieved with separate motors for each wheel controlled by electronic differential. Extensive research has been done in the area of gear design and several standards have been set. This paper follows the AGMA 2001-D04 standard as given in Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design [4]. A planetary gearbox was developed for a Formula Student vehicle with permanent magnet DC motor by Bakshi[2] et al. This paper tries to optimize the planetary gearbox and considers other suitable designs.

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Ho¨hn, Bernd-Robert, Hermann Pflaum, and Daniel Tomic. "Hybrid Driveline Concepts for Front and Rear Wheel Drive Cars." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95195.

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At the Gear Research Center (FZG) of the Technical University of Munich concepts for hybrid drivelines are developed. The concepts discussed are based on automated manual transmission design. For the electric power flow the same gears are used in opposite torque flow direction compared to combustion engine power flow to enable good acceleration at low driving speed. In order to reduce fuel consumption the electric motor is also used for energy recuperation during deceleration of the vehicle. This energy may be stored by a battery or by double layer capacitors depending on the requirements (full/mild hybrid concept). In addition the driveline concept enables boosting during gear change of the automated manual transmission to reduce traction loss during gear change. Transmission concepts for front and rear wheel drive cars will be presented. Drivability is shown by simulations of the hybrid system behavior.

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Reports on the topic "Hybrid electric cars"

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Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.

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Toyota Prius Plug-In HEV: A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Car in NREL's Advanced Technology Vehicle Fleet (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028044.

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