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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid Multicast'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Qi, Fei, Xuetian Zhu, Xinran Zhang, and Songlin Sun. "Hybrid Multicast Transmission for Public Safety Network in 5G." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4306356.

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We investigate the application of wireless multicast technology in public safety network (PSN) in future wireless communication system. The hybrid unicast/multicast transmission system is proposed and analyzed in 3D massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) channel. The mutual coupling channel model is adopted under the different antenna array configuration scenarios. The proposed hybrid system adopts multicast beamforming in the multicast groups as well as multiuser-MIMO (MU-MIMO) linear precoding in the unicast group to increase system throughput. The null space method based interference cancellation is further performed between each group to eliminate signal leakage generated from each group. Comparisons between two types of antenna array configurations, different channel models, linear precoding as well as multicast beamforming, and user grouping strategies for multicast services are presented and analyzed by simulation.

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2

Boudani, Ali, and Bernard Cousin. "An hybrid explicit multicast/recursive unicast approach for multicast routing." Computer Communications 28, no. 16 (October 2005): 1814–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2005.02.013.

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3

Wen, Chih-Chao, and Cheng-Shong Wu. "QoS Supported IPTV Service Architecture over Hybrid-Tree-Based Explicit Routed Multicast Network." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/263470.

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With the rapid advance in multimedia streaming and multicast transport technology, current IP multicast protocols, especially PIM-SM, become the major channel delivery mechanism for IPTV system over Internet. The goals for IPTV service are to provide two-way interactive services for viewers to select popular program channel with high quality for watching during fast channel surfing period. However, existing IP multicast protocol cannot meet above QoS requirements for IPTV applications between media server and subscribers. Therefore, we propose a cooperative scheme of hybrid-tree based on explicit routed multicast, called as HT-ERM to combine the advantages of shared tree and source tree for QoS-supported IPTV service. To increase network utilization, the constrained shortest path first (CSPF) routing algorithm is designed for construction of hybrid tree to deliver the high-quality video stream over watching channel and standard quality over surfing channel. Furthermore, the Resource Reservation Protocol- Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) is used as signaling mechanism to set up QoS path for multicast channel admission control. Our simulation results demonstrated that the proposed HT-ERM scheme outperforms other multicast QoS-based delivery scheme in terms of channel switching delay, resource utilization, and blocking ratio for IPTV service.

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4

Janakiraman, Sengathir. "An enhanced hybrid Pareto metaheuritic algorithm-based multicast tree estimation for reliable multicast routing in VANETs." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v3i3.82.

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Prompt and reliable data dissemination among the vehicular nodes of the network is indispensable as its mobility rate and limited coverage characteristics introduce the possibility of frequent topology changes. The effective and efficient sharing of critical information in the event of emergency necessitates either direct interaction or Road Side Units (RSUs)-based vehicular communication in the primitive place. Multicast routing is confirmed to be the significant scheme of data transfer since they establish reliable data dissemination between the source and destination vehicular nodes by estimating an optimal multicast tree. Moreover, QoS-constraint enforced meta-heuristic approaches are considered to be excellent for determining optimal multicast tree under multicasting. An Enhanced Hybrid Pareto Metaheuritic Algorithm-based Multicast Tree Estimation Scheme (EHPMA-MTES) is contributed for reliable multicast routing. The proposed EHPMA-MTES is confirmed to reduce the cost of transmission by 28% through the minimization of the multicast tree count formed during the process of multicast routing.

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Janakiraman, Sengathir. "An enhanced hybrid Pareto metaheuritic algorithm-based multicast tree estimation for reliable multicast routing in VANETs." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/aptikom.j.csit.143.

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Prompt and reliable data dissemination among the vehicular nodes of the network is indispensable as its mobility rate and limited coverage characteristics introduce the possibility of frequent topology changes. The effective and efficient sharing of critical information in the event of emergency necessitates either direct interaction or Road Side Units (RSUs)-based vehicular communication in the primitive place. Multicast routing is confirmed to be the significant scheme of data transfer since they establish reliable data dissemination between the source and destination vehicular nodes by estimating an optimal multicast tree. Moreover, QoS-constraint enforced meta-heuristic approaches are considered to be excellent for determining optimal multicast tree under multicasting. An Enhanced Hybrid Pareto Metaheuritic Algorithm-based Multicast Tree Estimation Scheme (EHPMA-MTES) is contributed for reliable multicast routing. The proposed EHPMA-MTES is confirmed to reduce the cost of transmission by 28% through the minimization of the multicast tree count formed during the process of multicast routing.

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6

AL-SHARHAN, S., and W. GUEAIEB. "A FAST HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR MULTICAST ROUTING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 16, no. 01 (February 2007): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213007003199.

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This paper tackles the issue of constrained multicast routing in wireless networks using a hybrid soft computing-based algorithm. Recent developments in multimedia applications and the dynamic and rapidly changed environment of the wireless networks make the constrained multicast routing a real challenge. The problem can be formulated as minimizing a multicast tree cost under several constraints or Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. This problem has been proven to be NP-complete. The proposed hybrid algorithm is based on a population based incremental learning algorithm that combines in an efficient way the features of genetic algorithms and competitive learning. Experimental results show that, in most cases, the proposed algorithm yields better solutions than other heuristic algorithms proposed in the literature.

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7

Zhang, Lincong, Lei Guo, Yejun Liu, Kefeng Wei, and Weigang Hou. "A Multicast-Traffic-Oriented Energy-Saving Algorithm with a Hybrid Sleep Mode for EPONs." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6785752.

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High energy consumption in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) has caused intense research on energy-saving methods in recent years. The most common method for EPON energy saving is to cause optical network units (ONUs) to sleep which are idle or low loaded. With the popularity of multimedia applications, the ONUs carry not only unicast traffic but also more and more multicast traffic. However, existing studies mainly focus on ONUs that support only unicast traffic. The many differences between multicast traffic and unicast traffic make it necessary to design novel energy-saving methods. This paper proposes a multicast-traffic-oriented energy-saving algorithm for EPONs, called the energy-saving algorithm for multicast traffic (ESMT). To save as much energy as possible, the proposed algorithm uses a hybrid sleep mode (composed of a deep sleep state and an independent sleep mode) in which not only can ONU enter a deep sleep state, but also the ONU transmitter and receiver can sleep independently. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm, which is oriented to multicast traffic in EPONs, is more energy efficient than other algorithms.

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8

Xu, Ying, Xiong Fei Zheng, and Ren Fa Li. "A New Hybrid GRASP with the Pilot Method Forthe Delay-Constrained Multicast Routing Problem." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3647.

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Multicast routing problem is a well know optimization problem for transmitting real-time multimedia applications in telecommunication networks. As the underpinning mathematical model, the constrained minimum Steiner tree problem in graphs is a well-known NP-complete problem. In this paper we investigate a new hybrid GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure) approach where a pilot method is applied to further enhance the search for the Delay-Constrained Least-Cost (DCLC) multicast routing problem. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the hybrid GRASP algorithm and the contributions of the post-processing pilot method to better solutions in most cases. The proposed GRASP approach is a competitive approach in solving the DCLC multicast routing problem.

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9

Mahseur, Mohammed, Abdelmadjid Boukra, and Yassine Meraihi. "Solving Multi-Objective Multicast Routing Problem Using a New Hybrid Approach." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 9, no. 4 (October 2018): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2018100102.

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Multicast routing is the problem of finding the spanning tree of a set of destinations whose roots are the source node and its leaves are the set of destination nodes by optimizing a set of quality of service parameters and satisfying a set of transmission constraints. This article proposes a new hybrid multicast algorithm called Hybrid Multi-objective Multicast Algorithm (HMMA) based on the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) to evaluate and classify the population in dominated solutions and non-dominated solutions. Dominated solutions are evolved by the Bat Algorithm, and non-dominated solutions are evolved by the Firefly Algorithm. Old and weak solutions are replaced by new random solutions by a process of mutation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to find good Pareto optimal solutions compared to other algorithms.

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10

Xin Liu, Hongxiang Wang, and Yuefeng Ji. "Hybrid Multicast Mode in All-Optical Networks." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 19, no. 16 (August 2007): 1212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.901739.

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11

LIN, Tong. "Half Overlay Multicast Routing for Hybrid Networks." Journal of Software 18, no. 10 (2007): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos182572.

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12

Atakora, M., and H. Chenji. "Multicast Techniques for Hybrid RF/FSO DTNs." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2017): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.9.001051.

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13

S. P., Kantharaj, and Samarth K. "An Efficient Hybrid Multicast Protocol for Manet." JNNCE Journal of Engineering and Management 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37314/jjem.2021.040207.

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14

S. P., Kantharaj, and Samarth K. "An Efficient Hybrid Multicast Protocol for Manet." JNNCE Journal of Engineering and Management 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37314/jjem.2020.040207.

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15

Adeliyi, Timothy T., and Oludayo O. Olugbara. "Fast Channel Navigation of Internet Protocol Television Using Adaptive Hybrid Delivery Method." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2018 (July 8, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2721950.

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The Internet protocol television brought seamless potential that has revolutionized the media and telecommunication industries by providing a platform for transmitting digitized television services. However, zapping delay is a critical factor that affects the quality of experience in the Internet protocol television. This problem is intrinsically caused by command processing time, network delay, jitter, buffer delay, and video decoding delay. The overarching objective of this paper is to use a hybrid delivery method that agglutinates multicast- and unicast-enabled services over a converged network to minimize zapping delay to the bare minimum. The hybrid method will deliver Internet protocol television channels to subscribers using the unicast stream coupled with differentiated service quality of experience when zapping delay is greater than 0.43 s. This aids a faster transmission by sending a join message to the multicast stream at the service provider zone to acquire the requested channel. The hybrid method reported in this paper is benchmarked with the state-of-the-art multicast stream and unicast stream methods. Results show that the hybrid method has an excellent performance by lowering point-to-point queuing delay, end-to-end packet delay, and packet variation and increasing throughput rate.

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16

BONASTRE, O. M., S. NEVILLE, and C. E. PALAU. "MULTICAST CONGESTION CONTROL SRMSH APPROACH USING COMMUNICATING REAL-TIME STATE MACHINES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 09 (September 2010): 2965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410027519.

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New real-time applications frequently involve timing constraints related to accurate services from communication protocols. Concretely, real-time communication protocols utilize timers to implement these constraints between system event occurrences. In this context, the study of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is at present an active research field related to real-time protocols. In this paper, the authors present an innovative real-time transport protocol named Scalable Reliable Multicast Stair Hybrid (SRMSH) as new hybrid multiple layer mechanism for multicast congestion control providing detection and recovery loss. This work is focused on formal specification of SRMSH approach using Communicating Real-Time State Machines as a formal method. Besides, SRMSH validation is presented within a formal proof framework in order to check the functional safety and liveness properties. As a result, authors outline a dynamical system framework in order to model behavior of their presented solution.

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17

Xiao, Ke, Michel Kadoch, Humphrey Rutagemwa, and Chen Li. "Opportunistic NOMA-Based Massive MIMO Precoding for 5G New Radio." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (June 20, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2328954.

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This work investigates multicast services, which play a critical role in 5G new radio (NR). In particular, we propose a hybrid unicast/multicast MIMO precoding based on NOMA. Our scheme first categorizes unicast users into NOMA and non-NOMA types and then utilizes null space and successive interference cancellation to eliminate the signal leakage. To justify the effectiveness and efficiency of our design, we also present simulation results in typical massive MIMO scenarios.

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18

Sasikala Devi, S., and Antony Selvadoss Danamani. "Efficient Hybrid Tree Key Distribution for Secure Multicast Communication." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 4, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v4i5.3951.

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19

Mahaveerakannan, R., Dr C. GnanaDhas, and R. Devi. "Multicast Hybrid Group Key Management in Wireless Networks Environment." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 5, no. 20 (September 12, 2018): 155560. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-9-2018.155560.

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20

Xing Shao, Ruchuan Wang, Haiping Huang, and Lijuan Sun. "Hybrid Coding Aware Multicast Routing for Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications 6, no. 11 (June 30, 2012): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol6.issue11.21.

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21

XU, Jian-zhen, Qian ZHANG, and Jin-bo SHANG. "Reliable multicast protocol based on hybrid bus-ring architecture." Journal of Computer Applications 31, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2011.00219.

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22

Iorga, Radu, Eugen Borcoci, Radu Miruta, Antonio Pinto, Gustavo Carneiro, and Tania Calcada. "Management driven hybrid multicast framework for content aware networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 52, no. 1 (January 2014): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6710078.

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23

Go, Yunmin, and Hwangjun Song. "Reliable and Energy-Efficient Hybrid Screen Mirroring Multicast System." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2017.2721947.

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24

Stasi, Dom. "Multipoint Multicast: Satellite-Internet Hybrid Enables Content on Demand." SMPTE Journal 111, no. 9 (September 2002): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j18349.

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25

Sakakibara, Katsumi, and Masao Kasahara. "A multicast hybrid ARQ scheme with stored error recovery." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 77, no. 9 (September 1994): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410770907.

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26

Hua, Sha, Yang Guo, Yong Liu, Hang Liu, and Shivendra S. Panwar. "Scalable Video Multicast in Hybrid 3G/Ad-Hoc Networks." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 13, no. 2 (April 2011): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2010.2103929.

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27

Zhang, Chao, Yuan Zhang, Yongfeng Huang, and Xing Li. "On multicast tree construction in IPV4–IPV6 hybrid network." Journal of Electronics (China) 27, no. 3 (May 2010): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-010-0449-9.

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28

Zhu, Longting, Jigang Wu, Guiyuan Jiang, Long Chen, and Siew-Kei Lam. "Efficient hybrid multicast approach in wireless data center network." Future Generation Computer Systems 83 (June 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.01.012.

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29

Aslan, Heba K. "A hybrid scheme for multicast authentication over lossy networks." Computers & Security 23, no. 8 (December 2004): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2004.06.010.

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30

Zhang, Xiaoxia, Xin Shen, and Ziqiao Yu. "A Novel Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization for a Multicast Routing Problem." Algorithms 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12010018.

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Quality of service multicast routing is an important research topic in networks. Research has sought to obtain a multicast routing tree at the lowest cost that satisfies bandwidth, delay and delay jitter constraints. Due to its non-deterministic polynomial complete problem, many meta-heuristic algorithms have been adopted to solve this kind of problem. The paper presents a new hybrid algorithm, namely ACO&CM, to solve the problem. The primary innovative point is to combine the solution generation process of ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm with the Cloud model (CM). Moreover, within the framework structure of the ACO, we embed the cloud model in the ACO algorithm to enhance the performance of the ACO algorithm by adjusting the pheromone trail on the edges. Although a high pheromone trail intensity on some edges may trap into local optimum, the pheromone updating strategy based on the CM is used to search for high-quality areas. In order to avoid the possibility of loop formation, we devise a memory detection search (MDS) strategy, and integrate it into the path construction process. Finally, computational results demonstrate that the hybrid algorithm has advantages of an efficient and excellent performance for the solution quality.

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31

Lee, B. "Hybrid quality adaptation mechanism for layered multicast over the internet." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 25, no. 2 (April 2002): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1084-8045(02)90127-x.

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32

Wang, Jun, Hongbo Xu, Bingru Zhu, Lvrong Fan, and Aizhi Zhou. "Hybrid Beamforming Design for mmWave Joint Unicast and Multicast Transmission." IEEE Communications Letters 22, no. 10 (October 2018): 2012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2858221.

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33

Mnaouer, Adel Ben, Lei Chen, Chuan Heng Foh, and Juki Wirawan Tantra. "OPHMR: An Optimized Polymorphic Hybrid Multicast Routing Protocol for MANET." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6, no. 5 (May 2007): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2007.1030.

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34

Wang, Cheng, Xiang-Yang Li, Changjun Jiang, Shaojie Tang, and Yunhao Liu. "Multicast Throughput for Hybrid Wireless Networks under Gaussian Channel Model." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 10, no. 6 (June 2011): 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2010.206.

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35

Wang, Jianqi, Seung Young Park, David J. Love, and Michael D. Zoltowski. "Throughput Delay Tradeoff for Wireless Multicast Using Hybrid-ARQ Protocols." IEEE Transactions on Communications 58, no. 9 (September 2010): 2741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2010.080310.080593.

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36

Qu, Long, and Chadi Assi. "Reliability-Aware Multi-Source Multicast Hybrid Routing in Softwarized Networks." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 113331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003697.

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37

Kim, Namgon, JongWon Kim, and Thomas D. Uram. "A hybrid multicast connectivity solution for multi-party collaborative environments." Multimedia Tools and Applications 44, no. 1 (March 25, 2009): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0266-z.

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38

Lee, Bu-Sung, Chai-Kiat Yeo, and Ruijin Fu. "Hybrid quality adaptation mechanism for layered multicast over the internet." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 25, no. 2 (April 2002): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jnca.2002.0127.

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39

Cheocherngngarn, Tosmate, Jean Andrian, and Deng Pan. "Deployment of a Hybrid Multicast Switch in Energy-Aware Data Center Network: A Case of Fat-Tree Topology." ISRN Communications and Networking 2012 (October 30, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/209573.

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Recently, energy efficiency or green IT has become a hot issue for many IT infrastructures as they attempt to utilize energy-efficient strategies in their enterprise IT systems in order to minimize operational costs. Networking devices are shared resources connecting important IT infrastructures, especially in a data center network they are always operated 24/7 which consume a huge amount of energy, and it has been obviously shown that this energy consumption is largely independent of the traffic through the devices. As a result, power consumption in networking devices is becoming more and more a critical problem, which is of interest for both research community and general public. Multicast benefits group communications in saving link bandwidth and improving application throughput, both of which are important for green data center. In this paper, we study the deployment strategy of multicast switches in hybrid mode in energy-aware data center network: a case of famous fat-tree topology. The objective is to find the best location to deploy multicast switch not only to achieve optimal bandwidth utilization but also to minimize power consumption. We show that it is possible to easily achieve nearly 50% of energy consumption after applying our proposed algorithm.

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40

AL-SHARHAN, SALAH, and FAWAZ AL-ANZI. "A HYBRID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR MULTIPLE-DESTINATIONS ROUTING PROBLEM." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 04, no. 04 (December 2004): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026804001355.

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This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm for constrained multiple destinations routing problem. The problem can be formulated as minimising tree cost under several constraints or QoS metrics. Computing such constrained multicast tree has been proven to be NP-complete. The proposed hybrid algorithm is based on a population based incremental learning algorithm and a constrained distance network heuristic (or CKMB) algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, CKMB is utilised as a decoding scheme. Experimental results show that, in most cases, the proposed algorithm yields better solutions than other heuristic algorithms proposed in the literature including the best known one BSMA.

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41

Kumari, Neelam, and Arpinder Singh Sandhu. "A Hybrid ACO/PSO Based Algorithm For QoS Multicast Routing Problem." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 4, no. 8 (August 11, 2015): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr0408.1004.

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42

Sakakibara, K., and M. Kasahara. "A multicast hybrid ARQ scheme using MDS codes and GMD decoding." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 12 (1995): 2933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.477495.

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43

Kim, Junsu, Hu Jin, Dan Keun Sung, and Robert Schober. "Optimization of Wireless Multicast Systems Employing Hybrid-ARQ with Chase Combining." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 59, no. 7 (September 2010): 3342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2052117.

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44

Papadopoulos, G. D., G. Koltsidas, and F. Pavlidou. "Two hybrid ARQ algorithms for reliable multicast communications in UMTS networks." IEEE Communications Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2006): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2006.1613740.

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45

Jawandhiya, Pradip M., Sakina F. Husain, M. R. Parate, and Dr M. S. Ali. "Polymorphic Hybrid Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network: PHMR." International Journal of Computer Applications 1, no. 23 (February 25, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/546-711.

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46

Won, Myounggyu, and Radu Stoleru. "A Hybrid Multicast Routing for Large Scale Sensor Networks with Holes." IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 3362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2409863.

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47

Yi, Bo, Xingwei Wang, Min Huang, and Lianbo Ma. "SDN and NFV enabled service function multicast mechanisms over hybrid infrastructure." Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-018-0640-6.

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48

Pourfakhar, Ehsan, and Amir Masoud Rahmani. "A hybrid QoS multicast framework-based protocol for wireless mesh networks." Computer Communications 33, no. 17 (November 2010): 2079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2010.07.026.

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49

Xing, Huanlai, Saifei Li, Yunhe Cui, Lianshan Yan, Wei Pan, and Rong Qu. "A hybrid EDA for load balancing in multicast with network coding." Applied Soft Computing 59 (October 2017): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.06.003.

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50

Abdel-Kader, Rehab F. "Hybrid discrete PSO with GA operators for efficient QoS-multicast routing." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2011.05.002.

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