Academic literature on the topic 'Hybrid regime theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hybrid regime theory"
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Alexander, Marcus. "Democratization and Hybrid Regimes." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 22, no. 4 (2008): 928–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408327634.
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Despite the central place of democratization studies in comparative politics, scholars still lack both theory and empirical evidence to understand institutional change in hybrid regimes (characterized by a collapse of one authoritarian regime and failure to transition to a consolidated democracy). This article makes a contribution to the emerging study of hybrid regimes by developing a middle-range theory for a medium- N set of previously neglected cases in Southeast Europe. It theorizes institutional change as a process initiated by the elites in power but then either accelerated or hampered by structural factors. After decomposing the effects of state capacity, opposition, and international influence in this dynamic and focusing on the process rather than the outcome, it is possible to refine the standard assumptions of democratization paradigm. The study finds that a strong state, a united opposition, and Western assistance can help authoritarian-leaning governments consolidate their coercive power.
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Mufti, Mariam. "What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?" Politics and Governance 6, no. 2 (2018): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i2.1400.
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In two decades of scholarship on hybrid regimes two significant advancements have been made. First, scholars have emphasized that the hybrid regimes that emerged in the post-Cold War era should not be treated as diminished sub-types of democracy, and second, regime type is a multi-dimensional concept. This review essay further contends that losing the lexicon of hybridity and focusing on a single dimension of regime type—flawed electoral competition—has prevented an examination of extra-electoral factors that are necessary for understanding how regimes are differently hybrid, why there is such immense variation in the outcome of elections and why these regimes are constantly in flux. Therefore, a key recommendation emerging from this review of the scholarship is that to achieve a more thorough, multi-dimensional assessment of hybrid regimes, further research ought to be driven by nested research designs in which qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used to advance mid-range theory building.
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Adewale Obrimah, Oghenovo. "Implications of New Keynesian Theory for Benchmarking of Monetary Efficiency." International Journal of Regional Development 3, no. 2 (2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v3i2.9959.
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Relative to free floating exchange rate regimes, I find the adoption of a hybrid exchange rate regime induces alternate monetary policy responses within the context of new Keynesian theory. Specifically, while the efficiency with which an economy is managed can be derived from comparisons of effects of inflation or balance of payments on exchange rates within a cross-section of countries that run free floating exchange rate regimes, this is not the case within a cross-section of countries that operate hybrid exchange rate regimes. In countries that operate hybrid exchange rate regimes, the efficiency with which an economy is managed is derived from comparisons of the effects of exchange rates on inflation or balance of payments situations. In so far as measurement of economic distortions are concerned, while relations between deposit or lending interest rates and inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into countries with hybrid exchange rate regimes yield insights into the extent to which inflows of foreign capital induce distortionary effects on price equilibriums, these relations do not yield similar insights within a cross-section of countries that run free floating exchange rate regimes. These findings, generated within the context of new Keynesian theory, identify theoretically appropriate differences in benchmarking of economic efficiency conditional on differences in exchange rate regimes.
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Wong, Mathew Y. H. "Selectorate Theory in Hybrid Regimes: Comparing Hong Kong and Singapore." Government and Opposition 53, no. 4 (2017): 707–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.10.
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This article investigates public and private goods provision in two hybrid regimes: Hong Kong and Singapore. We build on the selectorate theory, which analyses all regimes in terms of the size of their leaders’ support coalitions. This research follows a differences-in-differences design, with the exogenous political change in Hong Kong in 1997 as a treatment and Singapore as a control case. This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, as the aim of the selectorate theory is to transcend traditional regime typologies, a focus on hybrid regimes provides another test of the theory beyond the democratic–authoritarian divide. Second, the distinctive comparative set-up allows us to disentangle the effects of the size of the winning coalition from those of supporter loyalty. The empirical results demonstrate that whilst public goods increase with the winning coalition size, private goods provision is not affected unless accompanied by a change in supporter loyalty.
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Wintrobe, Ronald. "An economic theory of a hybrid (competitive authoritarian or illiberal) regime." Public Choice 177, no. 3-4 (2018): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0574-9.
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Körösényi, András. "The Theory and Practice of Plebiscitary Leadership: Weber and the Orbán regime." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 2 (2018): 280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418796929.
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Most political science interpretations of the post-2010 Orbán regime have been written either within the framework of populism or in the democratization paradigm. We have learned much from these papers about Hungary’s drift in an authoritarian direction, but they also have drawbacks. This article aims to fill the gap between these two approaches and offers a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of populism and other trends of contemporary politics (like de-alignment, growing electoral volatility, citizens’ disengagement, personalization, legitimacy problems, the decline of party membership and partisanship, the mediatization of politics, etc.) on the political regime. It argues that these trends add up to an authority and regime type that can be conceptualized by Weber’s concept of plebiscitary leader democracy (PLD). PLD forms a new hybrid regime type that differs from comparative authoritarianism and other hybrid regime types known from the literature in three respects. First, PLD is less about institutional framework and procedures than about the sources of legitimacy; second, it serves better to understand how the regime works than measuring its distance from liberal democracy; third, it is an ideal type that aims to reveal the endogenous logic of democracy that generates authoritarian elements of the regime. The article also demonstrates the suitability of the concept of PLD for empirical research through presenting a structured case study of the Orbán regime. The PLD model enables us to reveal the endogenous logic of the Orbán regime and the impact of populist governance on it.
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Ram, Nathi, and Satish C. Sharma. "Influence of wear on the performance of hole-entry hybrid misaligned journal bearing in turbulent regime." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 4 (2014): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2011-0113.
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Purpose – The present work aimed to study analytically the influence of wear on the performance of a capillary-compensated hole-entry hybrid misaligned journal bearing system operating in a turbulent regime. The numerically simulated results are presented for the chosen values of restrictor design parameter, Reynolds numbers, wear depth and misalignment parameters. Design/methodology/approach – The wear caused on the bearing surface due to start/stop operations is modeled using the Dufrane’s abrasive wear model. The modified Reynolds equation based on Constantinescu’s lubrication theory is solved using finite element method together with capillary restrictor flow equation. Findings – It is found that the value of minimum fluid-film thickness increases significantly for a constant value of restrictor design parameter when unworn aligned bearing operates in turbulent regime vis-à-vis laminar regime. Further, it has also been observed that when a worn bearing operates in laminar/turbulent regimes, the reduction in the value of minimum fluid-film thickness is more due to journal misalignment as compared to the aligned bearing operates in laminar regime. Originality/value – The present work is original concerning the performance of worn hole-entry hybrid misaligned journal bearing system operating in turbulent regime. The results are expected to be quite useful for the bearing designer.
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Kelbert, M. Ya, R. P. Kopeika, R. N. Shamsiev, and Yu M. Sukhov. "Perturbation theory approach for a class of hybrid switching networks with small transit flows." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 01 (1990): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800019418.
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A method originating from statistical mechanics (low-density and high-temperature expansions) is used to prove the existence and uniqueness of a stationary regime for switching networks on finite or infinite graphs. The main assumption is that the message (customer) flows circulating through the network are ‘localized' in the sense that, for any message, the probability of having a long path is rapidly decreasing (and, moreover, a path of a ‘typical' message consists of one line). The switching rule combines message-switching and circuit-switching principles. The stationary regime for the network under consideration may be treated as a ‘small perturbation' of the ‘idealized' regime in the totally decoupled network where all the messages have single line paths.
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Kelbert, M. Ya, R. P. Kopeika, R. N. Shamsiev, and Yu M. Sukhov. "Perturbation theory approach for a class of hybrid switching networks with small transit flows." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 1 (1990): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427605.
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A method originating from statistical mechanics (low-density and high-temperature expansions) is used to prove the existence and uniqueness of a stationary regime for switching networks on finite or infinite graphs. The main assumption is that the message (customer) flows circulating through the network are ‘localized' in the sense that, for any message, the probability of having a long path is rapidly decreasing (and, moreover, a path of a ‘typical' message consists of one line). The switching rule combines message-switching and circuit-switching principles. The stationary regime for the network under consideration may be treated as a ‘small perturbation' of the ‘idealized' regime in the totally decoupled network where all the messages have single line paths.
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ROBERTSON, GRAEME B. "Strikes and Labor Organization in Hybrid Regimes." American Political Science Review 101, no. 4 (2007): 781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055407070475.
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Existing theories of labor protest depend on independent organizations representing workers. However, in many countries most workers are either not organized at all or are in labor unions intended for control, not representation. This is particularly the case in partially liberalized or hybrid regimes where, despite the introduction of electoral competition, autonomous, democratic organizations representing labor are not well developed. Yet such workers do protest. Drawing on an original new dataset from one hybrid regime, post-Communist Russia, I develop a theory of labor protest and of the institutional mechanisms used by elites to influence it. Instead of being a function of union membership or characteristics of the information environment, as the existing literature would have it, protest occurs when it is in the interest of powerful elements of the elite, or when economic conditions are truly desperate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hybrid regime theory"
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Holík, Jiří. "Politické systémy Malajsie a Singapuru optikou teorie hybridních režimů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298415.
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This graduate thesis comparatively analyzes key features of political systems of Malaysia and Singapore using the chosen concepts of hybrid regimes theory. In the first part, main conceptualizations of this theory are presented to be later critically assessed. What follows is a thorough comparative analysis of political systems of the countries in question using the concept of "chain of democratic choice" introduced by Andreas Schedler as a framework for analysis. Subsequently, operationalized concept of competitive authoritarianism by Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way is applied. The outcome of the analysis is the classification of Malaysia as competitive authoritarian while Singapore is classified as a case of hegemonic electoral authoritarian regime. As far as theory is concerned, the thesis argues that although hybrid regimes themselves cannot provide for a unique mid-range regime type, some concepts connected to the paradigm offer an appropriate tool for the study of nondemocratic regimes.
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Li, Yan-Sian, and 李彥賢. "Chaos and Pragmatical Hybrid Projective and Symplectic Chaos Synchronization of a New Mathieu-Duffing System by Adaptive Backstepping Control and by Partial Region Stability Theory." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22143038189484338490.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程系所<br>96<br>This thesis consists of three parts: (1) the chaotic behaviors of are studied numerically by phase portraits, Poincaré maps, bifurcation diagrams, power spectrum and Lyapunov exponent diagrams. (2) system is studied for pragmatical hybrid projective hyperchaotic generalized synchronization (PHPHGS) and pragmatical hybrid projective and symplectic synchronization (PHPSS) with different kinds of different chaotic systems, Duffing-van der Pol system and system, by adaptive backstepping control. (3) chaotic generalized synchronization, chaos control and pragmatical hybrid projective generalized synchronization is studied by partial region stability theory.
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Chian, Chun-Yu, and 江峻宇. "Chaos, Pragmatical Hybrid Projective Generalized and Symplectic Synchronization, Generalized Synchronization and Control by GYC Partial Region Stability Theory and Boids Control of Chaos for a Tachometer System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87523302448010822856.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程系所<br>96<br>The hyperchaotic dynamics of a tachometer system is studied by means of phase portraits, Poincare maps, bifurcation diagram, power spectra and Lyapunov exponents. Pragmatical hybrid projective hyperchaotic generalized synchronization and GYC pragmatical hybrid projective hyperchaotic symplectic synchronization (PHPHSS) of two hyperchaotic tachometer system with different order system as a constituent by adaptive backstepping control are obtained and verified by numerical simulation. Besides, hyperchaotic generalized synchronization and chaos control of tachometer system by GYC partial region stability are proposed. Furthermore, boids control and lag synchronization of tachometer system can be successfully obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are shown they are work.
Books on the topic "Hybrid regime theory"
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Ovodenko, Alexander. Industrial and Artisanal Producers and the Hybrid Governance of Mercury Pollution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677725.003.0005.
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The chapter studies the regulation of different industries under the same treaty, although it assesses the impacts of upstream producer-level differences on regime design. It focuses on the new mercury treaty negotiated in January 2013 and evaluates the markets theory on a micro-foundational level with 85 original survey responses from government negotiators and nongovernment participants in the final meeting of the treaty negotiations, as well as 13 in-depth interviews with negotiation participants. The findings show that negotiators of the mercury treaty recognized the need for nonbinding and country-specific mitigation goals for artisanal gold mining and legally binding targets and global timetables for industrial sectors using or producing mercury-added products. Moreover, industries with concentrated producers participating in transnational trade associations are expected to accomplish more with financial assistance than artisanal gold miners.
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Ovodenko, Alexander. Producers, Trade Groups, and the Design of Global Environmental Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677725.003.0006.
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The chapter provides a macro-level analysis of the legalization, standardization, and integration of global environmental rules. The statistical tests rely on two new datasets on global treaty regimes and business stakeholders in those regimes. The results demonstrate that treaty regimes that regulate oligopolistic industries tend to become integrated over time with protocols, amendments, and similar agreements that add new rules or institutions to the international regime. They also consist of legally binding agreements, not soft law commitments by parties, and standardized rules applicable to all member states or categories of member states. By contrast, treaty regimes that regulate competitive markets tend to become more disintegrated (or unintegrated) over time. These international regimes are also legal hybrids because they consist of hard and soft law, and often give countries the responsibility to make nationally specific commitments. Producer-level concentrations significantly constrain the design of global environmental treaty regimes.
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Pinfari, Marco. Regional Organizations in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.013.86.
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This article introduces and reviews critically the main regional and subregional institutions currently operating in the Middle East. After presenting some analytical perspectives that shed light on the weakness of regional institutions in the Middle East, it presents the main institutional features of six regional, subregional, or “hybrid” organizations (including the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation framework) before turning to explore their activities from four critical angles, focusing on their effectiveness, their role, the impact of interregional institutional overlap and of regime types. It concludes with an assessment of how the so-called Arab Uprisings have affected the institutional architecture of the region.
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Weiss, Meredith L. The Roots of Resilience. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750045.001.0001.
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This book examines governance from the ground up in the world's two most enduring electoral authoritarian or “hybrid” regimes—Singapore and Malaysia—where politically liberal and authoritarian features are blended to evade substantive democracy. Although skewed elections, curbed civil liberties, and a dose of coercion help sustain these regimes, selectively structured state policies and patronage, partisan machines that effectively stand in for local governments, and diligently sustained clientelist relations between politicians and constituents are equally important. While key attributes of these regimes differ, affecting the scope, character, and balance among national parties and policies, local machines, and personalized linkages—and notwithstanding a momentous change of government in Malaysia in 2018—the similarity in the overall patterns in these countries confirms the salience of these dimensions. As the book shows, taken together, these attributes accustom citizens to the system in place, making meaningful change in how electoral mobilization and policymaking happen all the harder to change. This authoritarian acculturation is key to the durability of both regimes, but, given weaker party competition and party–civil society links, is stronger in Singapore than Malaysia. High levels of authoritarian acculturation, amplifying the political payoffs of what parties and politicians actually provide their constituents, explain why electoral turnover alone is insufficient for real regime change in either state.
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Culver, Annika A., and Norman Smith, eds. Manchukuo Perspectives. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528134.001.0001.
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This collection reveals how, in Manchukuo (1932-1945), literature both furthered national aims while contesting them, as writers of varied ethnicities engaged in multivalent strategies to continue cultural production amidst difficult political circumstances. Studies of their work by transnational scholars today demonstrate that these writers faced factors influencing outcomes of their production, such as censorship, the Japanese puppet regime's propaganda aims, and even the market. In addition, particular hybrid language practices emerged, with writers engaging in transnational practices in a border region. This volume examines what we call "Manchukuo perspectives" unique to cultural producers in a state transformed by Japanese interests, but later shaped by more inclusive multivalent aims, reflected in the writings of Chinese, Korean, and Russian intellectuals who felt a keen loss of nation, which also included Japanese converted leftists who transformed their antipathy towards imperialist capitalism into support for a fascist state offering the utopian promises of a "right-wing proletarianism".
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Aziz, Sahar. Theater or Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628567.003.0011.
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In Chapter 11, Sahar Aziz discusses rule of law and judicial independence in the context of the Egyptian transition. She argues that while many external observers have viewed the Egyptian judiciary as relatively independent, political control by the Mubarak regime limited that independence successfully, and rendered the judiciary conservative. Further, she argues, while the concept of rule of law has been operational in the country, rather than a thick understanding of rule of law, there has been a hybrid version, of thin rule of law combined with rule by law. These phenomena operate in the context of patterns of patronage and the “deep state” to limit the prospect of reform.
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Grauer, Ryan. Conventional Interstate Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0027.
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This chapter details the challenge European states face in confronting conventional interstate warfare in the post-cold-war era. The European continent has been the site of several interstate conflicts featuring conventional operations since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and European militaries have fought in a number of similar wars waged outside the region. Conventional interstate wars are likely to manifest quite differently in the future from the way they did in the past, sometimes taking the form of ‘hybrid’ wars that involve irregular fighters and strategies alongside more traditional soldiers and efforts, but they will not disappear from the European security landscape in the near to medium term. Accordingly, while there is considerable room for improvement in the strategic allocation of resources, European states’ decisions to spend considerable sums on weaponry, equipment, and training programmes designed to maintain or improve their fighting capabilities in conventional operations are warranted.
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Benes, Jaromir, Andrew Berg, Rafael Portillo, and David Vavra. Modelling Sterilized Interventions and Balance Sheet Effects of Monetary Policy in a New Keynesian Framework. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0013.
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The authors study a wide range of hybrid inflation-targeting (IT) and managed exchange rate regimes, analysing their implications for inflation, output and the exchange rate in the presence of various domestic and external shocks. To this end, the chapter presents an open economy New Keynesian model featuring sterilized interventions in the foreign exchange (FX) market as an additional central bank instrument operating alongside the Taylor rule, and affecting the economy through portfolio balance sheet effects in the financial sector. The chapter shows that there can be advantages to combining IT with some degree of exchange rate management via FX interventions. Unlike ‘pure’ IT or exchange rate management via interest rates, FX interventions can help insulate the economy against certain shocks, especially shocks to international financial conditions. However, managing the exchange rate through FX interventions may also hinder necessary exchange rate adjustments, e.g., in the presence of terms of trade shocks.
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Meierhenrich, Jens. Authoritarian Rule of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814412.003.0009.
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What for many years was seen as an oxymoron—the notion of an authoritarian rule of law—no longer is. Instead, the phenomenon has become a cutting edge concern in law-and-society research. In this concluding chapter, I situate Fraenkel’s theory of dictatorship in this emerging research program. In the first section, I turn the notion of an authoritarian rule of law into a social science concept. In the second section, I relate this concept to that of the dual state and both to the political science literature on so-called hybrid regimes. Drawing on this synthesis, the third section makes the concept of the dual state usable for comparative-historical analysis. Through a series of empirical vignettes, I demonstrate the contemporary relevance of Fraenkel’s institutional analysis of the Nazi state. I show why it is essential reading for anyone trying to understand the legal origins of dictatorship, then and now.
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Belogurova, Anna. Communism in South East Asia. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.013.
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In South East Asia the Marxist message came primarily to address issues of nation-building. The article traces the development of communist parties from their early diasporic networks and engagement with the Comintern, to their relations with the colonial powers, to the establishment of communist-ruled states after the Second World War, through to the Cold War and US efforts to contain communism. The article looks at the various forms that communism took in the region, from hybrid Chinese associations in British Malaya and Hồ Chí Minh’s Indochina network, to the constitutional party of Sukarno’s Indonesia, to the semi-Buddhist Burmese Way to Socialism of Ne Win, to the neo-dynastic communism of Pol Pot. Special attention is paid to the interplay between nationalism, internationalism, and communism.
Book chapters on the topic "Hybrid regime theory"
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Moreno-Fuentes, Francisco Javier. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Spain." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_27.
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Abstract From traditional country of emigration, Spain became a country of immigration in a relatively short period, practically catching up with the rest of Western European countries in terms of percentage of population of foreign origin by 2010. The hybrid nature of its welfare regime, a combination of social insurance schemes and universalistic programs, determined the eligibility of foreign populations to each specific social protection scheme. In basic terms, foreigners can access Spanish social protection schemes through their participation in the labour market (for social insurance programs), and their residence in Spanish territory (for schemes based on a universalistic logic). The international agreements signed by Spain are a key aspect as well in determining welfare entitlements for foreigners, particularly in the case of nationals from other EU member states and Latin America. The strong reliance on contributory schemes, and the significant role played by the underground economy, leave economic migrants (particularly undocumented ones) without much social protection. The economic crisis initiated in 2008 implied an increase in immigrants’ vulnerability, but their actual welfare take-up decreased due to their more limited access to the formal labour market, and the restrictive conditions of targeted social assistance schemes.
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Wang, Qiuye, Mingshuai Chen, Bai Xue, Naijun Zhan, and Joost-Pieter Katoen. "Synthesizing Invariant Barrier Certificates via Difference-of-Convex Programming." In Computer Aided Verification. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_21.
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AbstractA barrier certificate often serves as an inductive invariant that isolates an unsafe region from the reachable set of states, and hence is widely used in proving safety of hybrid systems possibly over the infinite time horizon. We present a novel condition on barrier certificates, termed the invariant barrier-certificate condition, that witnesses unbounded-time safety of differential dynamical systems. The proposed condition is by far the least conservative one on barrier certificates, and can be shown as the weakest possible one to attain inductive invariance. We show that discharging the invariant barrier-certificate condition—thereby synthesizing invariant barrier certificates—can be encoded as solving an optimization problem subject to bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). We further propose a synthesis algorithm based on difference-of-convex programming, which approaches a local optimum of the BMI problem via solving a series of convex optimization problems. This algorithm is incorporated in a branch-and-bound framework that searches for the global optimum in a divide-and-conquer fashion. We present a weak completeness result of our method, in the sense that a barrier certificate is guaranteed to be found (under some mild assumptions) whenever there exists an inductive invariant (in the form of a given template) that suffices to certify safety of the system. Experimental results on benchmark examples demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
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Trillos, Juan Camilo Gomez, Dennis Wilken, Urte Brand, and Thomas Vogt. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell RoPax Ferry Prototype." In Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50519-6_2.
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AbstractEstimates for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by maritime transportation account for approx. 870 million tonnes of CO2 tonnes in 2018, increasing the awareness of the public in general and requiring the development of alternative propulsion systems and fuels to reduce them. In this context, the project HySeas III is developing a hydrogen and fuel cell powered roll-on/roll off and passenger ferry intended for the crossing between Kirkwall and Shapinsay in the Orkney Islands in Scotland, a region which currently has an excess of wind and tidal power. In order to explore the environmental aspects of this alternative, a life cycle assessment from cradle to end-of-use using the ReCiPe 2016 method was conducted, contrasting the proposed prototype developed within the project against a conventional diesel ferry and a diesel hybrid ferry. The results show that the use of hydrogen derived from wind energy and fuel cells for ship propulsion allow the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of up to 89% compared with a conventional diesel ferry. Additional benefits are lower stratospheric ozone depletion, ionizing radiation, ozone formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification and use of fossil resources. In turn, there is an increase in other impact categories when compared with diesel electric and diesel battery electric propulsion. Additionally, the analysis of endpoint categories shows less impact in terms of damage to human health, to the ecosystems and to resource availability for the hydrogen alternative compared to conventional power trains.
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Valdini, Melody E. "The Strategic Use of Women’s Representation in Hybrid Regimes." In The Inclusion Calculation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936198.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 examines the context of hybrid regimes and argues that the incentive to mimic democracies in this regime type triggers governments to increase the legislative representation of women, particularly when the state is removing civil rights. That is, because of the stereotype that women are naturally more honest, cooperative, and democratic, women’s descriptive representation is strategically manipulated to signal a commitment to these ideals. This theory is tested through a cross-sectional, time-series model of election results of 27 countries over 16 years, which offers evidence that increases in women’s legislative presence in hybrid regimes correlates with a loss of civil rights. Two case studies are also presented, from Ethiopia and Bangladesh, two hybrid regimes that experienced a dramatic reduction in civil rights while simultaneously adopting gender quotas and increasing the presence of women in politics.
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Chen, Weitseng. "Same Bed, Different Dreams." In The Global South and Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850403.003.0011.
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This chapter analyses legality in hybrid regimes in Asia, which refers to countries categorized by varying strands of literature as ‘semi-democracy’, ‘competitive authoritarianism’, or ‘electoral authoritarian regimes’. This type of hybrid regime is common in Asia and very much a product of the contemporary world where the functionalities of legality and constitutional law are recognized by not only democratic countries but also authoritarian states. This essay seeks to answer three questions: first, why would authoritarians accept the idea of legality and what exactly do they mean by legality? Second, what makes authoritarian legality functional and stable? Third, what are the factors that provide the conditions for the transition towards a more liberal and democratic system? The experience of East Asian hybrid regimes shows that authoritarian legality and constitutionalism is not only possible but actually exists in many Asian states associated with reputed prosperity. That being said, various limitations exist. It is also theoretically problematic and empirically wrong to assume a linear theory about the trajectory of legality development moving towards democracy.
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Griffiths, Ryan D. "A Theory of Secessionist Strategy and Tactical Variation." In Secession and the Sovereignty Game. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754746.003.0003.
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This chapter advances the theory of secessionist strategy and tactical variation, arguing that the strategy and tactics of secession are shaped by the international recognition regime and further contextualized by the setting in which any given secessionist movement operates. The chapter explains how secessionist movements need to compel and persuade their home state to give consent and/or bring the international community into the contest. The chapter uses information drawn from interviews to show that secessionists are well informed about the dynamics of secession. By explaining the logics of compellence and normative appeal, the chapter explicates the different tactics within these two logics. It asserts that the choice of tactics depends on local conditions that cluster around six kinds of movements (democratized, indigenous legal, weak combative, strong combative, decolonial, and de facto). Ultimately, the chapter discusses a prominent hybrid case, Iraqi Kurdistan, and examines the counter-strategy of states.
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Schmotz, Alexander. "Hybrid Regimes." In The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0053.
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Most political regimes in the world today display some form of mixture of democratic and autocratic institutional features—they are hybrid regimes. This chapter distils from the literature the defining characteristics, commonly discussed types, and causes of transformations of hybrid regimes. It demonstrates how all hybrid regime concepts can be sorted into either one of the two categories of defective democracy and electoral authoritarianism; how all hybrid regime concepts are constructed along the two institutional dimensions of electoralism and constitutionalism; and how explanations of hybrid regime persistence and change fall into four categories: electoralist, nested game approaches, neo-institutional, and non-electoral explanations.
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Jayich, Ania Bleszynski. "Spin-coupled Mechanical Systems." In Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828143.003.0007.
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A hybrid system composed of a spin coupled to a mechanical degree of freedom is interesting for several reasons: enhancing the functionality of the spin and of the mechanical system, and in the quantum and semiclassical regimes. This chapter gives an overview of some of the goals of spin-coupled mechanical systems and then introduces the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre, its energy level structure, and its sensitivity to external fields, with a discussion on what makes NVs exciting for hybrid quantum technologies and in particular integration with mechanical oscillators. Simple group theory arguments will be introduced to explain the NV’s energy level structure and its coupling to strain. It concludes with a discussion of different NV centre-mechanical coupling mechanisms, specifically magnetic- and strain-based ones, with realistic values for the coupling strength and protocols for coupling, as well as technical challenges to achieving a functional NV-mechanical coupled system, particularly in the quantum regime.
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Cheng, Edmund W. "Hong Kong’s Hybrid Regime and Its Repertoires." In Take Back Our Future. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740916.003.0008.
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This chapter analyzes the roots of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) regime's learning curve in managing popular contention and the mechanisms that have enabled the regime to develop its authoritarian structure and practices. It first defines Hong Kong's hybrid regime in terms of its liberal–autocratic and central–local contradictions and then discusses various state countermobilization strategies used to respond to mass protests. The chapter then examines how the hybrid regime's strategies of disciplinary exclusion, patron-client politics, ideological work, and attrition have mobilized or incentivized proregime and nonstate actors against dissent. On the one hand, the hybrid regime has co-opted formal institutions and has manufactured informal networks through which political crisis has been maneuvered by the regime to monitor the ruling class's factional quarrels and to further develop its authoritarian protocols. On the other hand, the party-state's local apparatuses have extended and refined their united propaganda and mass-line strategies to address the rise of activism in Hong Kong.
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Rutherford, Bruce K. "Hybrid Regimes and Arab Democracy." In Egypt after Mubarak. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158044.003.0001.
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This chapter analyzes the political future of Egypt and the Arab world, which may include a steady deepening of liberalism and, possibly, democracy. It suggests that a full transition to democracy is not likely in any contemporary Arab regime. However, for hybrid regimes that share characteristics of both an autocratic order and a democratic order, a reversion to full authoritarianism is equally unlikely. In order to understand the future of democracy in the Arab world, we need to understand how these hybrid regimes emerge, why they remain stable, and whether they will transition toward democracy. The theoretical literature on hybrid regimes provides a valuable starting point for this analysis. The chapter presents an analytical approach for studying the emergence of a hybrid regime and applies it to Egypt. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Hybrid regime theory"
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Abbasi, Fariba, Hessam Mahdavifar, and Emanuele Viterbo. "Hybrid Non-Binary Repeated Polar Codes For Low-SNR Regime." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9518274.
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Sharma, Satish C., and E. Rajasekhar Nicodemus. "A Comparative Study of a Multirecess Hybrid Worn Journal Bearing System Operating in Turbulent Regime Compensated With Different Flow Control Devices." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41027.
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The objective of the present work is to study analytically the performance of a four-pocket hybrid worn journal bearing system operating in turbulent regime compensated with different flow control devices i.e. orifice, capillary and constant flow valve (CFV) restrictors. The wear caused on the bearing surface is modeled using Dufrane’s abrasive wear model. The Reynolds equation based on Constantinescu turbulent lubrication theory has been solved using FEM and Newton Raphson method along with the appropriate boundary conditions. The numerically simulated results have been presented for a wide range of restrictor design parameter, non-dimensional external load, wear depth parameter and Reynolds number. The numerically simulated results suggest that when the bearing operates in turbulent regime under unworn condition, the performance of the bearing from the viewpoint of minimum fluid film thickness, fluid film stiffness and damping coefficients and the lubricant flow requirement gets improved vis a vis the bearing operating in laminar regime under unworn condition for all the compensated bearings studied. However, this improvement in bearing performance comes at the cost of higher value of frictional torque. Further, it has been observed that when the bearing operates in turbulent regime, the influence of wear on bearing performance is appreciably less as compared to bearing operating in laminar regime for all the compensated bearings studied. Another notable observation made from the study is that among the various compensated bearings studied in the present work, the constant flow valve compensated bearing appears to be more suitable from the viewpoint of minimum fluid film thickness, fluid film stiffness and damping coefficients and stability threshold speed margin, when the bearing operates in turbulent regime under worn/unworn conditions. The present study suggests that, a proper selection of type of flow control device and the value of its restrictor design parameter is essential in order to obtain an improved performance of a bearing operating in turbulent regime under worn/unworn conditions.
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Wheeler, Charles M., and Martin L. Culpepper. "Soft Origami: Classification, Constraint, and Actuation of Highly Compliant Origami Structures." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46877.
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Herein we discuss the folding of highly compliant origami structures — “Soft Origami.” There are benefits to be had in folding compliant sheets (which cannot self-guide their motion) rather than conventional rigid origami. Example applications include scaffolds for artificial tissue generation and foldable substrates for flexible electronic assemblies. Highly compliant origami has not been contemplated by existing theory, which treats origami structures largely as rigid or semi-rigid mechanisms with compliant hinges — “Mechanism-Reliant Origami.” We present a quantitative metric — the Origami Compliance Metric — that aids in identifying proper modeling of a homogeneous origami structure based upon the compliance regime it falls into (Soft, Hybrid, or Mechanism-Reliant). We discuss the unique properties, applications, and design drivers for practical implementation of Soft Origami. We detail a theory of proper constraint by which an ideal soft structure’s number of degrees of freedom may be approximated as 3n, where n is the number of vertices of the fold pattern. Finally, we introduce a concept for a scalable process in which a few actuators and stretching membranes may be used to simultaneously fold many origami sub-structures that share common degrees of freedom.
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Ceuca, Sabin Cristian, and Rafael Macián-Juan. "Validation of a Hybrid Surface Renewal Theory Based HTC Model for the Simulation of Condensation Induced Water Hammer." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15987.
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A hybrid Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) model has been developed based on the Surface Renewal Theory and implemented into a system code. The model accounts for both large and small eddies for the removal of heat from the two-phase interface towards the subcooled liquid bulk. The hybrid approach for the calculation of the Surface Renewal Period will increase the applicability region of the individual Surface Renewal Theory (SRT) based HTC for various flow regimes. Validation of the new Hybrid HTC model is performed against experimental data.
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"A HYBRID BOUNDARY–REGION LEFT VENTRICLE SEGMENTATION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002849301070114.
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Strelnikov, Е. А. "EFFECT OF HETEROSIS AND PHENOTYPIC DOMINANCE I INTERLINE HYBRIDS OF WINTER RAPESEED." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-115-120.
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There are presented data on heterosis displaying at the experimental hybrids F1 of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by the basic economically valuable traits. The research was conducted in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We determined a level of phenotypic dominance and heterosis effect in some winter rapeseed hybrids. In preliminary test, a hybrid combination 39712 × ОRK 9 demonstrated authentically high true and competitive heterosis and overdominance by all the studied traits. The best hybrid combinations by yield and oil content in seeds appeared to be 1746 × ОRK 14, 40059 × ОRK 17 and 40059 × ОRK 21, which showed authentically high competitive heterosis and overdominance.
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Waghmare, Prashant R., Debjyoti Sen, David S. Nobes, and Sushanta K. Mitra. "Experimental Investigation of the Flow Front Behind a Liquid-Air Interface for Capillary Flow." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73228.
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An experimental system for understanding the flow field near the meniscus during the capillarity or under capillary action is developed. Capillary flow is one of the mechanisms for driving fluid in a microfluidic device. The literature highlights that a significant amount of work has been done on the theoretical understanding of the capillary transport in rectangular microchannels. However, these models for capillary flow neglect the flow behavior at the liquid-air interface, which may have a significant influence in terms of the velocity field and the transience of the penetration depth in the micro-capillary. The objective of the present study is to understand the flow development during the advancement of the meniscus. The aim is to elucidate the dynamics of the three phase contact line and other micro-scale effects during the capillarity. A μ-PIV technique has been used to study the flow development near the meniscus and the results are further refined using a hybrid μ-PIV/PTV technique. Effects of surface tension in the fully developed flow regime during the advancement of meniscus are studied in detail. Variations in the centreline velocity of the progression of the meniscus and temporal variations in the development of flow are identified as possible areas for departure from theory.
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Roslan, Teh Raihana Nazirah, Jiling Cao, and Wenjun Zhang. "Analytical pricing formulas for hybrid variance swaps with regime-switching." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IMT-GT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICMSA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012177.
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Panta Pazos, Rube´n. "Hybrid Methods Approach for Solving Problems in Transport Theory." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48400.
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In this work the hybrid methods approach is introduced in order to solve some problems in Transport Theory for different geometries. The transport equation is written as: ∂ψ∂t(x,v,t)+v·∇ψ(x,v,t)+h(x,μ)ψ(x,v,t)==∫Vk(x,v,v′)ψ(x,v′,t)dv′+q(x,v,t),inΩTψ(x,v,0)=φ0(x,v),in∂Ω×Vψ(x,v,t)=φ(x,v,t),in∂Ω×V×R(1) where x represents the spatial variable in a domain D, v an element of a compact set V, ψ is the angular flux, h(x, v) the collision frequency, k(x, v, v’) the scattering kernel function and q(x, v) the source function. If ψ does not depend on the time, it is said that the problem (1) is a steady transport problem. Once the problem is defined, including the boundary conditions, it is disposed a set of chained methods in order to solve the problem. Between the different alternatives, an optimal scheme for the resolution is chosen. Two illustrations are given. For two-dimensional geometries it is employed a hybrid analytical and numerical method, for transport problems: conformal mapping first, then the solution in a proper geometry (rectangular for example). Each of the following two techniques is then applied, Krylov subspaces method or spectral-LTSN method. For three-dimensional problems also it is used a hybrid analytical and numerical method, for problems with more complex geometries: a homotopy between the original boundaries (piecewise surfaces) and another (a parallelepiped for example). Then each of two techniques are applied, Krylov subspaces method or nodal-LTSN method. In this case, the design of new geometries for reactors is a straightforward task. En each case, the domain consist of three regions, one of the source, other is the void region and the third one is a shield domain. The results are obtained both with an algebraic computer system and with a language of high level. An important extension is the study and treatment of transport problems for domains with irregular geometries, between them Lipschitzian domains. One remarkable fact of this work is the combination of different modeling and resolution techniques to solve some transport problems.
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BAKER, M., and R. STEINKE. "EFFECTIVE STRING THEORY OF VORTICES AND REGGE TRAJECTORIES OF HYBRID MESONS WITH ZERO MASS QUARKS." In Proceedings of the XVIII Lisbon Autumn School. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811455_0007.
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