Journal articles: 'Hybrid yarn'

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Kang, Bok Choon, K. H. Min, Y. H. Lee, Beong Bok Hwang, and Chathura Nalendra Herath. "Microscopic Evaluation of Commingling-Hybrid Yarns." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.992.

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Fibers made of elements such as carbon, aramid and glass have higher mechanical properties than other conventional textile fibers and they enable the production of light weight composites as end products. Furthermore, commingling hybrid yarns generally have a characteristic feature so that their components are distributed homogeneously enough over the yarn cross section. A normal air texturerising machine was modified to produce commingling hybrid yarns for test samples. Different process parameters were applied to produce the hybridized yarn samples. However, these process parameters turned out to have little effect on the filament distribution over the hybrid yarn cross section in terms of homogeneity. The analysis in this paper is focused on the pattern of mixing of filaments over a cross section of hybrid yarns according to different combinations of reinforcement and matrix filament yarns through microscopic view. The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, and the hybrid yarns count at 600 tex throughout experiments. It was concluded from the experiments that the diameters of reinforcement and matrix filaments have strong effects on the pattern of mixing of filaments over a cross section of hybrid yarns such that the hybrid yarns with more or less equal diameters of reinforcement and matrix filaments showed considerably even distributions over the hybrid yarn cross section.

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Korkmaz Memiş, Nazife, Gizem Kayabaşı, and Demet Yılmaz. "Development of a novel hybrid yarn production process for functional textile products." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 9 (March 25, 2018): 1462–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718766847.

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In this study, an innovative method consisting of electrospinning and conventional textile production techniques was built up to produce hybrid yarns enabling the production of functional textile products. The principle of the developed method is to open the twist of spun yarn, make this fibre bundle conductive for use as a collector, collect the electrospun nanofibres onto the conductive opened fibre bundle and finally twist this structure to produce hybrid yarn. To determine the feasibility of the developed method, surface morphology, chemical composition, coating features and tensile properties of the hybrid yarns were compared with that of the pure yarn and nanofibre-coated yarns produced without untwisting and retwisting processes. Test results demonstrated that untwisting process in hybrid production method provided the application of nanofibres interior structure of the spun yarn while retwisting process made integration of classical textile fibres and nanofibres together and hence locking the obtained yarn structure effectively. Thanks to the integrated structure, it was successful to get the yarn have the required tensile properties for weaving, knitting and other processes. Three minutes was determined as the optimum coating time for the effective nanofibre deposition and tensile properties. Summing up the results, it was believed that the method helps to benefit from the special properties of nanofibres for the functional yarn production together with durability and higher tensile properties of the spun yarns for larger usage areas. The presented findings could encourage the researchers to commercialize the method in order to get nanofibre-coated functional yarns.

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Mirdehghan, Abolfazl, Hooshang Nosraty, Mahmood M. Shokrieh, and Mehdi Akhbari. "The structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester co-wrapped hybrid yarns." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (June 26, 2017): 1979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717716166.

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This research describes the structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester hybrid yarns produced by co-wrapped and side-by-side technologies. Based on co-wrapping technology, the hybrid yarn is composed of polyester and glass fibers as shell and core structure, respectively. In order to produce this type of yarn, a new machine was designed and manufactured to investigate the influence of linear densities (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) and wrapping densities (115, 180, and 230 turns/m) of polyester fibers. It was found that the linear and wrapping densities have a significant effect on the structural and tensile properties of the final hybrid yarn. In order to compare, another type of hybrid yarn was also been investigated by hybridization of glass and polyester fibers (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) via side-by-side method. In comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns, the co-wrapped yarns have higher breaking load and tenacity due to the lateral compression force of the wrapped filament. The results show a 62% increase in breaking load of co-wrapped hybrid yarns in comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns.

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Hasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul, Martin Hengstermann, Rebekka Dilo, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Investigations on the Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Spun Yarns Made from Staple CF for Thermoset Composites." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0034.

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Abstract This article reports the results of investigations carried out to produce yarns consisting of staple carbon fiber (CF) obtained from process waste for the manufacturing of composites suitable especially for thermoset applications. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is done on processability between 100% staple CF and 60 weight% staple CF mixed with 40 weight% PVA fibers in carding, drawing and spinning process. The hybrid yarns are produced by varying twist level. The PVA fibers of the hybrid yarn are then dissolved using hot water treatment. The mechanical properties of yarns consisting of 100% staple CF and hybrid yarns consisting of staple CF and PVA before and after hot water treatment are investigated. Furthermore, test specimen is also prepared by impregnating 100% staple CF yarn and the hybrid yarns (after the dissolving of PVA) with epoxy resin. The results of the tensile test of the yarns in consolidated state reveals that the hybrid yarn produced with 80 T/m after hot water treatment exhibits approximately 75% of the tensile strength of virgin filament tow, and it is expected that the hybrid yarns can be applied for the manufacturing of thermoset based composites for load bearing structures.

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Yilmaz, Berrin. "ARAMID–NYLON 6.6 HYBRID CORDS AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88970.

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Abstract Hybrid cords of two different polyamide yarns, poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide; aramid) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide; nylon 6.6) have been investigated. Aramid is a high-tenacity, high-modulus, low-elongation, and thermally stable yarn material. Nylon 6.6 is a high-elongation, low-modulus, high-fatigue-resistant, and good adhering synthetic yarn. The combination of these two different synthetic yarns enables hybrid cords with a diversified range of mechanical properties. The hybrid cord product property diversification is achieved by proper combination of different cord-forming properties of individual plies, such as linear densities, twist levels, ply numbers, treating conditions, and so forth. The effect of linear densities, twist level of plies, and twist level of cabled cord and ply number on the cord properties and also cord performance have been summarized. Aramid yarn having an 1100 linear density has been combined with nylon 6.6 yarn with a different linear density, ranging from 940 to 2100, to form hybrid cord structures. Twisting of aramid and nylon 6.6 yarns has been kept between 150 and 450 twists per meter, while the ply number of aramid and nylon 6.6 yarns has been varied as one and two plies by keeping the total ply number of the cord as three.

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Herath, Chathura Nalendra, Bok Choon Kang, Jong Kwang Park, Yong Hwang Roh, and Beong Bok Hwang. "Breaking Elongation Properties of Hybrid Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.337.

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This paper is concerned the breaking elongation properties of Carbon/Aramid-, Carbon/Glass- and Aramid/Glass- matrix hybridized commingling yarns. The hybrid yarns produced by commingling process were investigated in terms of breaking elongation property. In experiments, carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF) filament yarns were combined. In this study, selected matrix materials include Polyether-ether-Keeton (PEEK), and polyester (PES), or polypropylene (PP). The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, ant hybrid yarns count at 600 tex, respectively. The reinforcement to matrix filament combination was selected as 1:1 proportion. The effect of different air pressures and material combinations was investigated in terms of breaking elongation. In experiments, each type of hybrid yarn sample has been tested 20 times at the testing speed of 10mm/min. under 3 bar of yarn clamping pressure. Since breaking elongation is one of most important properties in textile fiber, it was examined closely with reference to the first breaking point of commingling-hybrid yarns. It was concluded from experiments that hybrid yarns with higher breaking elongation and higher tensile strength tend to show better force-elongation relationship. It was also known from experiments that the combination of two reinforcement filament yarns gives always much better results than a single reinforcement filament yarns in terms of elongation property. GF/AF/matrix is shown very much better elongation properties. PP and PES gives higher elongation than PEEK as a matrix material.

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Tunák, Maroš, Veronika Tunáková, Martin Schindler, and Jiří Procházka. "Spatial arrangement of stainless steel fibers within hybrid yarns designed for electromagnetic shielding." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (July 3, 2018): 2019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783354.

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Yarns containing textile fibers and fine metal fibers in their structure are often used to produce electrically conductive fabrics. The blending quality of the fiber components in a yarn significantly affects the properties of the yarn and the produced fabric. Therefore, the arrangement of metal fibers in yarn structures needs to be analyzed, which can be done using image analysis and spatial statistics methods. One of the aims of this paper is to introduce a suitable methodology for obtaining adequate cross-sections of a yarn containing metal fibers that would allow the usage of objective image analysis methods to identify the component fibers for subsequent evaluation of spatial arrangement. In this paper, an algorithm for the objective segmentation of the component fibers in a yarn cross-section is proposed, and a methodology for evaluating the spatial arrangement of fibers using spatial statistics data is presented. The second aim is to study the specific arrangement of the fibers in hybrid yarns containing 20 wt% of a conductive component, more precisely extremely thin discrete stainless steel fibers, by the proposed methodology. Based on the results, it is concluded that the metal fibers in the cross-sections of this hybrid yarn are randomly arranged.

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Wu, Liwei, Wei Wang, Qian Jiang, Chunjie Xiang, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Mechanical Characterization and Impact Damage Assessment of Hybrid Three-Dimensional Five-Directional Composites." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091395.

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The effects of braided architecture and co-braided hybrid structure on low-velocity response of carbon-aramid hybrid three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites were experimentally investigated in this study. Low-velocity impact was conducted on two types of hybridization and one pure carbon fiber braided reinforced composites under three velocities. Damage morphologies after low-velocity impact were detected by microscopy and ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Interior damages of composites were highly dependent on yarn type and alignment. Impact damage tolerance was introduced to evaluate the ductility of hybrid composites. Maximum impact load and toughness changed with impact velocity and constituent materials of the composites. The composite with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn showed the best impact resistance due to the synergistic effect of both materials. Wavelet transform was applied in frequency and time domain analyses to reflect the failure mode and mechanism of hybrid 3D5d braided composites. Aramid fibers were used either as axial yarns or braiding yarns, aiding in the effective decrease in the level of initial damage. In particular, when used as axial yarns, aramid fibers effectively mitigate the level of damage during damage evolution.

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Laqraa, Chaimae, Manuela Ferreira, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, and Damien Soulat. "Elaboration by Wrapping Process and Multiscale Characterisation of Thermoplastic Bio-Composite Based on Hemp/PA11 Constituents." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070770.

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The present work investigates the potential of developing bio-composites based on thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibres by using hybrid yarns. The hybrid yarns were produced by the wrapping technique, in which a multifilament of polyamide 11 (PA11) was wrapped around an untreated low-twisted hemp roving to produce a yarn with sufficient tenacity and stiffness for the next step of weaving. The tensile behaviour of the wrapped yarns was identified both in the dry- and thermo-state. Then, two different fabrics were woven and tested to study the influence of yarn densities and weave diagrams on the tensile and flexural properties. At this fabric scale, properties of fabrics made from hybrid yarns were compared with those of fabrics from a previous study made from 100% hemp roving. Composites made from these fabrics, with stacking of two cross-plies, were produced by thermocompression and characterised regarding mechanical strength.

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Khurshid, Muhammad Furqan, Martin Hengstermann, Mir Mohammad Badrul Hasan, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites – A review." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 14 (November 7, 2019): 1925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319886043.

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The aim of this paper is to highlight recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites. Initially, injection moulding and nonwoven technologies have been used to integrate waste carbon fibres into fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Recently, tape and hybrid yarn spinning technologies have been developed to produce tape and hybrid yarn structures from waste carbon fibre, which are then used to manufacture recycled carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastics with much higher efficiency. The hybrid yarn spinning technologies enable the development of various fibrous structures with higher fibre orientation, compactness and fibre volume fraction. Therefore, thermoplastic composites manufactured from hybrid yarns possess a good potential for use in load-bearing structural applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review on novel and existing technologies employed for the processing of waste carbon fibre in addition to different quality aspects of waste carbon fibre is presented.

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Hengstermann, M., MMB Hasan, A. Abdkader, and Ch Cherif. "Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers (rCF) for high-performance composites. Part-II: Influence of yarn parameters on tensile properties of composites." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 13 (August 20, 2016): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516658511.

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This article reports the successful manufacturing of hybrid yarns from virgin staple CF (40 or 60 mm) or recycled staple CF (rCF) by mixing with polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers of defined length. The hybrid yarns are produced using an optimized process route of carding, drawing, and flyer machine. Furthermore, the influence of CF length, CF type (i.e. virgin or rCF), CF volume content, and twist of the yarn are also investigated regarding the tensile properties of unidirectionally laid (UD) thermoplastic composites. The results show that CF length, yarn twist, and CF content of composites play a big role on the tensile properties of thermoplastic composites. From the comparison of tensile strength of UD composites produced from 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF, it can be seen that the increase of yarn twist decreases the tensile strength. However, the effect of twist on the tensile properties of UD composites manufactured from 40 mm virgin staple CF is insignificant. The tensile strength of UD thermoplastic composites manufactured from the hybrid yarn with 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF and rCF is found to be 771 ± 100, 838 ± 81, and 801 ± 53.4 MPa, respectively, in the case of 87 T/m containing 50 volume% CF.

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Park, Tae Young, and Seung Goo Lee. "Properties of hybrid yarn made of paper yarn and filament yarn." Fibers and Polymers 18, no. 6 (June 2017): 1208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-1052-6.

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Wu, Liwei, Xiaojun Sun, Chunjie Xiang, Wei Wang, Fa Zhang, Qian Jiang, Youhong Tang, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Short Beam Shear Behavior and Failure Characterization of Hybrid 3D Braided Composites Structure with X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091931.

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Three-dimensional braided composite has a unique spatial network structure that exhibits the characteristics of high delamination resistance, damage tolerance, and shear strength. Considering the characteristics of braided structures, two types of high-performance materials, namely, aramid and carbon fibers, were used as reinforcements to prepare braided composites with different hybrid structures. In this study, the longitudinal and transverse shear properties of 3D braided hybrid composites were tested to investigate the influences of hybrid and structural effects. The damage characteristics of 3D braided hybrid composites under short beam shear loading underwent comprehensive morphological analysis via optical microscopy, water-logging ultrasonic scanning, and X-ray micro-computed tomography methods. It is shown that the shear toughness of hybrid braided composite has been improved at certain degrees compared with the pure carbon fiber composite under both transverse and longitudinal directions. The hybrid braided composites with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn exhibited the best shear toughness under transverse shear loading. Meanwhile, the composites with carbon fiber as axial yarn and aramid fiber as braiding yarn demonstrated the best shear toughness in the longitudinal direction. Due to the different distribution of axial and braiding yarns, the transverse shear property of hybrid braided structure excels over the longitudinal shear property. The failure modes of the hybrid braided composite under the two loading directions are considerably different. Under transverse loading, the primary failure mode of the composites is yarn fracture. Under longitudinal loading, the primary failure modes are resin fracture and fiber slip. The extensive interfacial effects and the good deformation capability of the hybrid braided composites can effectively prevent the longitudinal development of internal cracks in the pattern, improving the shear properties of braided composites.

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Qian, Xiuyang, Yushan Zhou, Liya Cai, Feng Pei, and Xu Li. "Computational simulation of the ballistic impact of fabrics using hybrid shell element." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502097354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020973542.

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This paper investigates on a computational simulation of Twaron® fabric against ballistic impact. It proposed a hybrid shell element model considering the strain-rate-sensitive failure criterion. This model innovatively provided a resolution of the yarn level to better capture the unique properties of the woven fabric, such as yarn crimp, sliding contact between yarns, stress transmission on yarns and yarn broken. The fabric is modeled using a hybrid shell element analysis approach aim of reducing the complexity and computational expense while ensuring accuracy. The response characteristics of fabric under high velocity ballistic impact are studied by applying a 3D finite element program DYNA3D in this paper and the experimental investigation had been taken by Shim et al. According to the computational and experimental results, transverse deflection distribution and stress transmission of fabrics are presented. The ballistic limit, energy absorption, remaining velocity are calculated by simulation models and compared with the experimental results. This approach is also validated by comparing it against a 2D uniform shell model and a 3D interlacing shell model. The results show that the hybrid model can accurately reflect the buckling and fluctuation behavior of fabrics and has a relatively few computational consumption at the same time.

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Zhai, Wenqian, Peng Wang, Xavier Legrand, Damien Soulat, and Manuela Ferreira. "Effects of Micro-Braiding and Co-Wrapping Techniques on Characteristics of Flax/Polypropylene-Based Hybrid Yarn: A Comparative Study." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112559.

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Micro-braiding and co-wrapping techniques have been developed over a few decades and have made important contributions to biocomposites development. In this present study, a set of flax/polypropylene (PP) micro-braided and co-wrapped yarns was developed by varying different PP parameters (PP braiding angles and PP wrapping turns, respectively) to get different flax/PP mass ratios. The effects on textile and mechanical characteristics were studied thoroughly at the yarn scale, both dry- and thermo-state tensile tests were carried out, and tensile properties were compared before and after the braiding process to study the braidabilities. It was observed that PP braiding angles of micro-braided yarn influenced the frictional damage on surface treatment agent of flax roving, the cohesive effect between PP filaments/flax roving, and the PP cover factor; PP wrapping turns of co-wrapped yarn had a strong impact on the flax roving damage and the PP coverage, which further influenced the characteristics. Micro-braided yarn and co-wrapped yarn with the same flax/PP mass ratio were compared to evaluate the two different hybrid yarn production techniques; it was proven that micro-braided yarn presented better performance.

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Hu, C., R. H. Gong, and F. L. Zhou. "Electrospun Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene Oxide Fibers and Nanocoated Yarns." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/126041.

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Sodium alginate (NaAlg), as a natural biopolymer, was electrospun from aqueous solution via blending with a biofriendly synthetic polymer polyethylene oxide. The morphology and chemical properties of resultant alginate-based nanofibers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At a wide voltage window (i.e., 12–24 kV), smooth and uniform nanofibers were obtained from the 5.0% concentration with the NaAlg/PEO ratio ranging from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3. The results from FTIR, PXRD, and DSC demonstrate that molecular interaction exists between these two polymers and, therefore, contributes to the alteration of crystallinity of electrospun fibers. In addition, NaAlg/PEO nanofiber-coated polylactic acid (PLA) yarns with different twist levels were also fabricated in this work. The results show that the tensile strength of the nanocoated hybrid yarn and the tensile strength of uncoated yarn increase with the twist per centimeter (TPC) up to 0.5 but decrease when TPC is further increased. The tensile properties of hybrid yarn are superior to those of the uncoated yarn.

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KASHIHARA, Kanji. "Reinforced fiber.11.Hybrid yarn." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 17, no. 6 (1991): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.17.229.

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Bernava, Aina, Maris Manins, and Guntis Strazds. "Study of Mechanical Properties of Natural and Hybrid Yarns Reinforcements." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.231.

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The present work was focused on development and studies of mechanical properties that natural fibres have in the woven reinforcements made from hemp and flax as well as hybrid yarns of hemp and glass fibres. Natural fibres such as hemp and flax are biodegradable, have low weight and show good flexibility. Glass fibre is widely used in the industry when low cost and good performance is required. The hemp yarns (100 Tex and 1186 Tex), the flax yarns (678 Tex) and the hybrid yarn of hemp and glass fibres (1644 Tex) were used to develop woven reinforcement structures. Average surface density for reinforcements of hemp yarns is 83- 529 g/m2 and for reinforcements of hybrid yarns 738- 741 g/m2.

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Zhelezina, G. F., V. G. Bova, S. I. Voinov, and A. Ch Kan. "Promising hybrid fabrics based on carbon and aramid fibers as a reinforcing filler for polymer composites." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 2(98) (August 11, 2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-98-2-86-95.

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The paper considers possibilities of using a hybrid fabric made of high-modulus carbon yarn brand ZhGV and high-strength aramid yarns brand Rusar-NT for polymer composites reinforcement. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid composite material and values of the implementation of the strength and elasticity carbon fibers and aramid module for composite material are presented.

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Marciniak, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Ewa Grabowska, Zbigniew Stempień, and Izabela Luiza Ciesielska-Wróbel. "Shielding of electromagnetic radiation by multilayer textile sets." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760749.

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This paper presents the continuation of research on shielding efficiency (SE) of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) by woven fabric made of cotton (warps and wefts) and a hybrid yarn (wefts). This hybrid yarn was made of stainless steel yarn by Bekinox wrapped with an enamelled copper wire from Synflex Elektro GmbH, Germany. The pitch of copper coil on a hybrid yarn equals 3 mm. The wefts were introduced into the fabric in the following order: 1 hybrid yarn, 1 cotton yarn, 1 hybrid yarn, 1 cotton yarn, etc. The construction of this specific fabric was proven to be the most efficient in terms of the hybrid weft construction and the fabric construction to shield EMR among other previously tested fabrics with different weft configuration. The current study proposes to verify the effect of the number of layers of the fabrics and their mutual configuration on the final SE of the multilayered set. Some of the most interesting findings of this study are that increasing the number of layers placed on top of one another with an offset angle of 0° to more than two does not provide a higher SE; however, using three such layers provides an SE of 56 dB, which is over two times higher than that provided by a single layer. Increasing the number of layers of fabric aligned at an angle of 45° provides a higher SE only for a frequency of 30 MHz.

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Foroughi, Javad, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Dennis Antiohos, Azadehsadat Mirabedini, Sanjeev Gambhir, Gordon G. Wallace, Shaban R. Ghorbani, et al. "Hybrid Yarns: Highly Conductive Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrid Yarn (Adv. Funct. Mater. 37/2014)." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 37 (October 2014): 5773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201470244.

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Ghanmi, Hanen, Adel Ghith, and Tarek Benameur. "Ring yarn quality prediction using hybrid artificial neural network." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 940–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2015-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to predict a global quality index of a ring spun yarn whose count Ne is ranging between 7.8 (76.92 tex) and 22.2 (27 tex). To fulfill this goal, a hybrid model based on artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic has been established. Fiber properties, yarn count and twist level are used as inputs to train the hybrid model and the output would be a quality index which includes the major physical properties of ring spun yarn. Design/methodology/approach – The hybrid model has been developed by means of the application of two soft computing approaches. These techniques are ANN which allows the authors to predict four important yarn properties, namely: tenacity, breaking elongation, unevenness and hairiness and fuzzy expert system which investigates spinner experience to give each combination of the four yarn properties an index ranging from 0 to 1. The prediction of the model accuracy was estimated using statistical performance criteria. These criteria are correlation coefficient, root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean relative percent error. Findings – The obtained results show that the constructed hybrid model is able to predict yarn quality from the chosen input variables with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Originality/value – Until now, there is no sufficiently information to evaluate and predict the global yarn quality from raw materials characteristics and process parameters. Therefore, this present paper’s aim is to investigate spinner experience and their understanding about both the impact of various parameters on yarn properties and the relationship between these properties and the global yarn quality to predict a quality index.

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Fakhrali, Aref, Seyed Vahid Ebadi, Ali Akbar Gharehaghaji, Masoud Latifi, and Abdolrasool Moghassem. "Interactions between PA6 Ratio and Tensile Properties in PVA/PA6 Hybrid Nanofiber Yarns." Nano Hybrids and Composites 14 (March 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.14.25.

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In this study, we fabricated poly vinyl alcohol/polyamide 6 (PVA/PA6) hybrid nanofiber yarns and examined the influence of PA6 content on tensile properties of hybrid nanofiber yarns. The surface morphology of nanofiber yarns was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average diameters of nanofibers in pure PA6 and pure PVA nanofibers yarns were 83±12 nm and 187±21 nm, respectively. The results showed that the strength of hybrid yarns was descending for PA6 contents below 16.5 % and ascending for higher contents. Also, by increasing the PA6 ratio in the hybrid yarn, the elongation at break was decreased. Three various models including: Hamburger, simple rule of mixtures (ROM) and hybrid models were applied to predict the tensile behavior of hybrid yarns. This study showed that neither ROM nor Hamburger’s models were capable of predicting the tensile properties of hybrid yarns. Whiles, hybrid model can predict properties with the lowest error (6.44 % error in strength values and 13.06 % error in elongation values prediction). Moreover, this model was modified further for higher performance. Our results demonstrate that the hybrid model can be applied in engineered tensile properties of nanofibrous yarns.

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Javadi Toghchi, Marzieh, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Christine Campagne, Pascal Bruniaux, Aurélie Cayla, Nicolae Lucano, and Yan Chen. "The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 11-12 (November 27, 2019): 1354–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519890624.

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The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

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Rossettos, J. N., and T. A. Godfrey. "Damage Analysis in Fiber Composite Sheets and Uncoated Woven Fabrics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099010.

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The mechanics of damage of fiber composite sheets has been reviewed, including cases where the analytical models have been compared to experiments. The emphasis has been on the micromechanics approach, where equilibrium of the constituents of the composite lead to appropriate equations for determining stress distributions. The damage mechanisms that have been treated include fiber breaks, matrix cracking (splitting), and debonding at the fiber/matrix interface. Effects of matrix yielding, hybrid composites, the hybrid effect, and thermal response have also been discussed. The usefulness of the shear lag model (SLM) in both stress and fracture considerations is clearly exhibited by the results in the literature. Work on damage growth in uncoated woven fabrics has also been reviewed, together with its importance in Army applications. In the study of the localized mechanics of woven fabrics near damage sites (eg, yarn breaks), the important deformation mechanisms include crimp interchange between yarns, yarn slipping, and yarn rotation. Growth of slit-like damage as a progression of yarn breaks is reviewed. The structure of the equations in the analytical models is similar to the SLM, and a parameter appears which can be used to compare fabrics as to their damage tolerance. This review article includes 117 references.

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Adusei, Paa Kwasi, Kevin Johnson, Sathya N. Kanakaraj, Guangqi Zhang, Yanbo Fang, Yu-Yun Hsieh, Mahnoosh Khosravifar, Seyram Gbordzoe, Matthew Nichols, and Vesselin Shanov. "Asymmetric Fiber Supercapacitors Based on a FeC2O4/FeOOH-CNT Hybrid Material." C 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7030062.

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The development of new flexible and lightweight electronics has increased the demand for compatible energy storage devices to power them. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have long been known for their ability to be assembled into yarns, offering their integration into electronic devices. They are hindered, however, by their low intrinsic energy storage properties. Herein, we report a novel composite yarn, synthesized through solvothermal processes, that attained energy densities in the range between 0.17 µWh/cm2 and 3.06 µWh/cm2, and power densities between 0.26 mW/cm2 and 0.97 mW/cm2, when assembled in a supercapacitor with a PVDF-EMIMBF4 electrolyte. The created unique composition of iron oxalate + iron hydroxide + CNT as an anode worked well in synergy with the much-studied PANI + CNT cathode, resulting in a highly stable yarn energy storage device that maintained 96.76% of its energy density after 4000 cycles. This device showed no observable change in performance under stress/bend tests which makes it a viable candidate for powering wearable electronics.

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Bechtold, G., M. Sakaguchi, K. Friedrich, and H. Hamada. "Pultrusion of Micro-Braided GF/PA6 Yarn." Advanced Composites Letters 8, no. 6 (November 1999): 096369359900800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359900800605.

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The present paper reports about experimental investigations on a new type of thermoplastic intermediate material (TP-prepreg). Today, most processes for producing fibre reinforced composite parts with thermoplastic matrices require expensive prepregs like pre-impregnated tapes or hybrid yarns (commingled yarns or powder impregnated yarns). The microbraiding technique offers some advantages compared to existing prepregs: Microbraided yarns can be produced directly by the user by a microbraiding process requiring only glass rovings and polymer rovings, and at the same time, the user is free of any restrictions on fibre/matrix combinations or reinforcement fibre content. Glass Fibre/Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) microbraided yarn was compared to commercially available GF/PA6 tape concerning the use in a pultrusion process. For mechanical characterisation, shear strength and bending strength were determined. The processing parameters such as preheating temperature, heated die temperature and pulling speed were varied.

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Hengstermann, Martin, Nadine Raithel, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Spinning of Staple Hybrid Yarn from Carbon Fiber Wastes for Lightweight Constructions." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.695.

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The reuse of CF-wastes (rCF) is desirable due to the energy-intensive manufacturing, high price and the disposal problem of carbon fibers. It is a challenging process to spin yarn from rCFs in a short staple spinning production line which ensures a much higher strength later in the manufacturing of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) parts than that of the parts from rCF-nonwovens or, from short-fiber reinforced injection molded parts. This spinning technology consists of several subsequent processes such as carding, drafting and spinning on a flyer frame. It is possible to produce hybrid yarn up to 2000 tex, which fineness is similar like a roving. The machines used to produce yarn for this purpose were specially modified and adapted, so that the brittle CF can be processed smoothly. Carded and draw frame slivers with different fiber lengths and mixing ratios were produced and later the high-quality hybrid yarn has been spun with different yarn twists.

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Pandey, Dharmendra Nath, Arindam Basu, Pramod Kumar, and Himangshu B. Baskey. "Electromagnetic shielding performance of three-dimensional woven fabrics with copper-based hybrid yarn in X-band frequency range." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718791331.

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This study involves a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic shielding characteristics of multilayer three-dimensional conductive fabrics by using cotton/copper wrapped hybrid yarn in X band frequency range. Five, three-dimensional fabrics with different structural configuration, such as orthogonal, angle interlock, cellular spacer, multi-tubular spacer, and contour were produced. Three different series of all five structures was also developed using pure cotton fabric, conductive hybrid yarn in weft and one-third hybrid yarn and two-third cotton yarn in warp Also, the effect of vertical and horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was studied. The comparative analysis of reflectance transmittance and absorption behavior was also undertaken. The results indicate that pure cotton fabric (A series) does not have electromagnetic shielding capabilities. The difference between the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values in vertical and horizontal planes of fabrics, having conductive hybrid yarn in weft direction (B series), showed significantly better results on the vertical plane in comparison to that on the horizontal plane. Fabric containing conductive hybrid yarn in both warp and weft (C series) exhibits consistent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in both the planes. It is worth mentioning that the structural configuration in all five three-dimensional fabrics in B and C series has shown differential trends of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in terms of reflectance, transmittance and absorption behavior. They are also found to be statistically significant. Finally, it is concluded that the conductive 3-D multilayer system develops special protective capabilities, mostly due to its larger surface area.

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Gong, Ting, Iurie Curosu, Frank Liebold, Duy M. P. Vo, Konrad Zierold, Hans-Gerd Maas, Chokri Cherif, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Tensile Behavior of High-Strength, Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (HS-SHCC) Reinforced with Continuous Textile Made of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245628.

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The paper at hand presents an investigation of the tensile behavior of high-strength, strain-hardening cement-based composites (HS-SHCC), reinforced with a single layer of continuous, two-dimensional textile made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Uniaxial tension tests were performed on the bare UHMWPE textiles, on plain HS-SHCC, and on the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. The bond properties between the textile yarns and the surrounding composite were investigated in single-yarn pullout experiments. In order to assess the influence of bond strength between the yarn and HS-SHCC on the tensile behavior of the composites with hybrid fiber reinforcement, the textile samples were analyzed both with, and without, an additional coating of epoxy resin and sand. Compared to the composites reinforced with carbon yarns in previous studies by the authors, the high elongation capacity of the UHMWPE textile established the higher strain capacity of the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites, and showed superior energy absorption capacity up to failure. The UHMWPE textile limited the average crack width in comparison with that of plain HS-SHCC, but led to slightly larger crack widths when compared to equivalent composites reinforced with carbon textile, the reason for which was traced back to the lower Young’s modulus and the higher elongation capacity of the polymer textile.

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Hertleer, Carla, Jeroen Meul, Gilbert De Mey, Simona Vasile, Sheilla A. Odhiambo, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Mathematical Model Predicting the Heat and Power Dissipated in an Electro-Conductive Contact in a Hybrid Woven Fabric." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0013.

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AbstractElectro-conductive (EC) yarns can be woven into a hybrid fabric to enable electrical current to flow through the fabric from one component A to another component B. These hybrid fabrics form the bases of woven e-textiles. However, at the crossing point of an EC yarn in warp and in weft direction, there is a contact resistance and thus generation of heat may occur in this area. Both phenomena are inseparable: if the contact resistance in the EC contact increases, the generated heat will increase as well. Predicting this electrical and thermal behavior of EC contacts in hybrid woven fabrics with stainless steel yarns is possible with a mathematical model based on the behavior of a metal oxide varistor (MOV). This paper will discuss in detail how this can be achieved.

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Foroughi, Javad, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Dennis Antiohos, Azadehsadat Mirabedini, Sanjeev Gambhir, Gordon G. Wallace, Shaban R. Ghorbani, et al. "Highly Conductive Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrid Yarn." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 37 (July 16, 2014): 5859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201401412.

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Shanazari, H., GH Liaghat, H. Hadavinia, and A. Aboutorabi. "Analytical investigation of high-velocity impact on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite panels." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715604680.

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In addition to fiber properties, the fabric structure plays an important role in determining ballistic performance of composite body armor textile. Textile structures used in ballistic protection are woven fabrics, unidirectional (UD) fabric structures, and nonwoven fabrics. In this article, an analytical model based on wave propagation and energy balance between the projectile and the target is developed to analyze hybrid fabric panels for ballistic protection. The hybrid panel consists of two types of structure: woven fabrics as the front layers and UD material as the rear layers. The model considers different cross sections of surface of the target in the woven and UD fabric of the hybrid panel. Also the model takes into account possible shear failure by using shear strength together with maximum tensile strain as the failure criteria. Reflections of deformation waves at interface between the layers and also the crimp of the yarn are modeled in the woven part of the hybrid panel. The results show greater efficiency of woven fibers in front layers (more shear resistance) and UD yarns in the rear layers (more tensile resistance), leading to better ballistic performance. Also modeling the yarn crimp results in more trauma at the backface of the panel producing data closer to the experimental results. It was found that there is an optimum ratio of woven to UD materials in the hybrid ballistic panel.

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Hasan, MMB, M. Offermann, M. Haupt, A. Nocke, and Ch Cherif. "Carbon filament yarn-based hybrid yarn for the heating of textile-reinforced concrete." Journal of Industrial Textiles 44, no. 2 (March 18, 2013): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083713480380.

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Nik Baihaqi, N. M. Z., A. Khalina, N. Mohd Nurazzi, H. A. Aisyah, S. M. Sapuan, and R. A. Ilyas. "Effect of fiber content and their hybridization on bending and torsional strength of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with carbon and sugar palm fibers." Polimery 66, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.1.5.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of fiber hybridization of sugar palm yarn fiber with carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. In this work, sugar palm yarn composites were reinforced with epoxy at varying fiber loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % using the hand lay-up process. The hybrid composites were fabricated from two types of fabric: sugar palm yarn of 250 tex and carbon fiber as the reinforcements, and epoxy resin as the matrix. The ratios of 85 : 15 and 80 : 20 were selected for the ratio between the matrix and reinforcement in the hybrid composite. The ratios of 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 were selected for the ratio between sugar palm yarn and carbon fiber. The mechanical properties of the composites were characterized according to the flexural test (ASTM D790) and torsion test (ASTM D5279). It was found that the increasing flexural and torsion properties of the non-hybrid composite at fiber loading of 15 wt % were 7.40% and 75.61%, respectively, compared to other fiber loading composites. For hybrid composites, the experimental results reveal that the highest flexural and torsion properties were achieved at the ratio of 85/15 reinforcement and 60/40 for the fiber ratio of hybrid sugar palm yarn/carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The results from this study suggest that the hybrid composite has a better performance regarding both flexural and torsion properties. The different ratio between matrix and reinforcement has a significant effect on the performance of sugar palm composites. It can be concluded that this type of composite can be utilized for beam, construction applications, and automotive components that demand high flexural strength and high torsional forces.

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Vaesken, Antoine, Christian Pidancier, Nabil Chakfe, and Frederic Heim. "Hybrid textile heart valve prosthesis: preliminary in vitro evaluation." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0083.

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Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is nowadays a popular alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for critical patients. Biological valve tissue has been used in these devices for over a decade now with over 100,000 implantations. However, material degradations due to crimping for catheter insertion purpose have been reported, and with only 6-year follow-up, no information is available about the long-term durability of biological tissue. Moreover, expensive biological tissue harvesting and chemical treatment procedures tend to promote the development of synthetic valve leaflet materials. Textile polyester (PET) material is characterized by outstanding folding and strength properties combined with proven biocompatibility and could therefore be considered as a candidate to replace biological valve leaflets in TAVI devices. Nevertheless, the material should be preferentially partly elastic in order to limit water hammer effects at valve closing time and prevent exaggerated stress from occurring into the stent and the valve. The purpose of the present work is to study in vitro the mechanical as well as the hydrodynamic behavior of a hybrid elastic textile valve device combining non-deformable PET yarn and elastic polyurethane (PU) yarn. The hybrid valve properties are compared with those of a non-elastic textile valve. Testing results show improved hydrodynamic properties with the elastic construction. However, under fatigue conditions, the interaction between PU and PET yarns tends to limit the valve durability.

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Gu, Xiaogang, Qingxia Fan, Feng Yang, Le Cai, Nan Zhang, Wenbin Zhou, Weiya Zhou, and Sishen Xie. "Hydro-actuation of hybrid carbon nanotube yarn muscles." Nanoscale 8, no. 41 (2016): 17881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06185k.

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Minaei, Farzaneh, Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini Ravandi, Sayyed Mahdi Hejazi, and Farzaneh Alihosseini. "The fabrication and characterization of casein/PEO nanofibrous yarn via electrospinning." e-Polymers 19, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0017.

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AbstractCasein, a natural protein, has been used as a biopolymer-based resource for producing fiber. This fiber provides high comfort properties with a pH close to human skin. This study focused on evaluating the production feasibility of casein nanofiber twisted yarn with the highest protein content in the hybrid yarn, obtaining suitable spinning conditions and desirable properties of the produced yarn. The desirable yarn achieved by composing 90% casein and 10% polyethylene oxide. The yarn strengthened using several types of cross-linking methods and the best technique was obtained to spin an optimized engineered yarn. Consequently, the biodegrading test conducted on the optimized yarn (90% casein and 10% polyethylene oxide blend) in the presence of 40% di-isocyanate as strengthener additive. Observations showed that after ten days, the sample mostly degraded in the solvent and its strength massively reduced so it could be considered as an environmentally friendly, biodegradable fiber.

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Dan-Mallam, Yakubu, M. S. Abdul Majid, and Mohamad Zaki Abdullah. "Interfacial Shear Stress in Kenaf/Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.74.

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The mechanical properties of fibre reinforced polymer composites strongly depend on the interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix. The main objective of this paper is to compare the interfacial bonding between kenaf fibre reinforced POM with that of PET fibre reinforced POM in a hybrid composite. Continuous twisted kenaf, and PET yarn were used for the investigation. Each fibre yarn was half embedded in POM by compression moulding. The yarns were extracted from the matrix by single fibre pull out test method. The result of the investigation revealed that the interfacial shear strength of approximately 31.4 MPa between kenaf and POM is higher compared to 24.3 MPa obtained between PET fibre and POM. This may be due to higher surface energy of kenaf fibre with respect to POM in the composite The FESEM micrograph further demonstrates good interfacial adhesion between kenaf and POM in the composite.

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Ashir, Moniruddoza, Andreas Nocke, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of shape memory alloy hybrid yarns for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 8 (April 17, 2018): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518770678.

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The application of shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the development of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics has been expanding steadily in recent years. In order to prevent matrix damage and optimize the actuating potential of SMAs during the process of thermally induced activation, a barrier layer between SMAs and the matrix of fiber-reinforced plastics is required. This article approaches the textile technological development of SMA hybrid yarns as a core–sheath structure using friction spinning technology, whereby the SMA serves as the core. Four types of hybrid yarns are produced by varying the number of process stages from one to three, as well as the core and sheath materials. The decoupling of the SMA from fiber-reinforced plastics is crucial for optimizing the actuating potential of SMA, thus it is tested by means of the pull-out test. Although the material loss coefficient increases by raising the number of process stages, the three-stage processing of SMA hybrid yarn with an additional glass roving is found to be the most suitable variation for decoupling SMA from the matrix of fiber-reinforced plastics.

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Hosseinalizadeh, Mehrdad, Mehdi K. Dolatabadi, Saeed S. Najar, and Reza E. Farsani. "Blending quality of co-air-textured yarn: Optimization parameters of Kevlar/polypropylene applicable for thermoplastic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 13 (November 12, 2018): 1791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318811510.

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Nowadays, hybrid yarns, which consist of at least one-component thermoplastic fibers, are used in thermoplastic textile composites. The uniformity of the fibers in hybrid yarns is a key factor that directly influences the composite properties. Accordingly, one of the main aims of the present research was to optimize the air texturing parameters to achieve the uniform blending of Kevlar/polypropylene fibers. To evaluate the blending uniformity of yarns, the radial, lateral and angular distribution of fibers, based on the position of the pixels of the constituent fibers, was evaluated using the image processing data of yarn cross sections. According to this method, the production parameters, namely, blend ratio, delivery speed, feed rate and air pressure, were optimized simultaneously via the response surface method to obtain the blending uniformity of the fibers. The uniform blending distribution could be achieved by a higher blend ratio of Kevlar/PP (1:6), a lower production speed (300 m/min), a higher feed rate (500 m/min), and a higher air pressure (10 bar). Eventually, it was confirmed that there was a good correlation between the blending quality of the real samples and the predicted quality of the response surface method model.

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Jeong, Jae-Hun, Tae Jin Mun, Hyunsoo Kim, Ji Hwan Moon, Duck Weon Lee, Ray H. Baughman, and Seon Jeong Kim. "Carbon nanotubes–elastomer actuator driven electrothermally by low-voltage." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 3 (2019): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00204e.

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Ninpetch, Uraiwan, Masahiro Tsukada, and Amornrat Promboon. "Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabric Degummed with Bromelain." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000319.

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Degumming is the process of removing the sericin or gum from silk yarn. Removing the gum improves the sheen, color, hand, and texture of the silk. Mai 1 silk yarn from Thai hybrid multivoltine Bombyx mori was degummed with commercial grade bromelain and with sodium carbonate. 96.58% of sericin content was removed from the silk yarn in small scale degumming procedure with 2 g/L bromelain and 91.84 % in large scale degumming with 5 g/L bromelain. Scanning electron micrographs of the silk yarn degummed with enzyme showed neither sign of destruction in its morphology nor surface damage. The surface of the yarn degummed with bromelain was smoother than that of the yarn degummed with sodium carbonate. According to the evaluation of its mechanical properties using Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric, the silk fabric degummed with bromelain showed good tensile strength, better response to bending deformation, higher flexibility, smother feel during bending, and softer and better elastic properties during compression.

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Fakhrali, Aref, Seyed Vahid Ebadi, Ali Akbar Gharehaghaji, Masoud Latifi, and Abdolrasool Moghassem. "Analysis of twist level and take-up speed impact on the tensile properties of PVA/PA6 hybrid nanofiber yarns." e-Polymers 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0248.

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AbstractIn this work, polyvinyl alcohol/nylon6 hybrid nanofiber yarns were produced to achieve good properties of each component. The influence of the twist level in the range of 3000–14,666 tpm and take-up speed in the range of 2.5–8.5 cm/min of yarns on the tensile properties was investigated. The highest strength and elongation at break of yarns were achieved in twist level and take-up speed of about 11,000 tpm (8.13±0.72 cN/tex and 72.44±7.64%) and 6.5 cm/min (6.20±0.57 cN/tex and 70.23±7.95%), respectively. Excessive values over these amounts caused a drastic decrement in tensile properties. This could be due to the loss nanofiber arrangement in the yarn structure that was confirmed by the study of orientation of the nanofibers in the yarns by the SEM images. These yarns have the potential to be used in medical applications such as a non-absorbable suture due to the drug loading ability and bio-compatibility properties of PVA nanofibers.

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Shuakat, Muhammad Nadeem, and Tong Lin. "Highly-twisted, continuous nanofibre yarns prepared by a hybrid needle-needleless electrospinning technique." RSC Advances 5, no. 43 (2015): 33930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03906a.

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Qiao, Jian, Jiangtao Di, Susheng Zhou, Kaiyun Jin, Sha Zeng, Na Li, Shaoli Fang, et al. "Large-Stroke Electrochemical Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Hybrid Yarn Muscles." Small 14, no. 38 (August 28, 2018): 1801883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801883.

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Choi, Minki, and Jooyong Kim. "Preparation and Transmission Characteristics of Hybrid Structure Yarns with Nylon fiber for Smart Wear." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 2 (June 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300206.

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Twisted Copper Filaments (TCF) were made by a yarn covering process in order to transmit signals and power for electronic textiles. The 560 denier polyurethane filaments were covered in the S-twist direction by urethane-coated copper wires. Two TCF's twisted in the Z direction were further covered in the S direction by nylon filaments to make final hybrid structure yarns (HSY). The HSY prepared was proportionally increased in apparent resistance and showed resistivity of 1.6210–8Ω·m. The number of ply was critical in terms of resistance variation, showing a linear increase in resistance with ply number. The twist factor, however, was not as significant. Final filaments were found to be changed in resonance frequency mainly due to the change of di-electricity and thus capacitance caused by the nylon covering. It is concluded that while resonance frequency was primarily determined by filament length and dielectric constant of the covering yarns, resonance frequency S11 and S21 were mainly determined by measurement length and ply number.

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Ashir, Moniruddoza. "Activation time- and electrical power-dependent deformation behavior of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 20 (March 27, 2019): 2777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319839457.

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There is considerable need for research into the application potential of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics based on shape memory alloys, in particular with regard to industry-specific solutions. Hence, this paper presents the activation time- and voltage amplitude-dependent deformation behavior of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics incorporating shape memory alloy. In order to attain this goal, shape memory alloy was textile-technically converted into shape memory alloy hybrid yarn using the friction spinning technology. Subsequently, the manufactured hybrid yarn was integrated into the reinforcing fabric in the warp direction using weaving technology. To increase the deformation potential of the adaptive fiber-reinforced plastic, a hinged woven fabric was developed by floating of the warp yarn. The functionalized preform was infused by the Seemann Corporation Resin Infusion Molding Process. Later, an extensive electro-mechanical characterization of the adaptive fiber-reinforced plastic by varying electrical power resulting from the varying voltage amplitude and activation time was completed. The maximum deformation of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was achieved at an electrical power of 95 W (50 V/1.9 A) and 60 s of thermal induced activation.

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Bar, Mahadev, Apurba Das, and R. Alagirusamy. "Effect of interface on composites made from DREF spun hybrid yarn with low twisted core flax yarn." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 107 (April 2018): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.01.003.

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Kang, Bok Choon, Chathura Nalendra Herath, Jong Kwang Park, and Yong Hwang Roh. "An Air Texturing Process for Hybridization of Different Reinforcement Filament Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.333.

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Carbon, aramid and glass fibers are inherently superior to conventional textile fibers in terms of mechanical properties and other characteristics. However, each material has its inherent advantages and disadvantages and it is usually recommended to hybridize them to fully benefit of their high performance in practical applications to many products. This paper is concerned with an air texturing process for hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. A normal air texturing machine was selected for process development and modified to suit testing purposes. The modified process for hybridization was introduced mainly in terms of air-jet nozzles employed in experiments. With the proposed air texturing process machine, three types of air-nozzle were applied to the experimental work. Three different filament materials were employed in experiments and they are carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF). As matrix materials, polyether-ether (PEEK), polyester (PES), and polypropylene (PP) were selected and experimented. Hybrid yarns produced form the proposed process was evaluated optically in terms of bulkiness, arranging, breaking, and mixing, respectively. The experimental results were also summarized in terms of relationships between applied air pressure and yarn count, and variation in count. As a whole, it was concluded from the experiments that the proposed texturing process could be successfully applied to the practical hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. It was also revealed from the experiments that the air pressure in the proposed process is not a significant parameter on the pressing in terms of yarn count.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid yarn'

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