Journal articles: 'Hybrid yarns'

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Kang, Bok Choon, K. H. Min, Y. H. Lee, Beong Bok Hwang, and Chathura Nalendra Herath. "Microscopic Evaluation of Commingling-Hybrid Yarns." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.992.

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Fibers made of elements such as carbon, aramid and glass have higher mechanical properties than other conventional textile fibers and they enable the production of light weight composites as end products. Furthermore, commingling hybrid yarns generally have a characteristic feature so that their components are distributed homogeneously enough over the yarn cross section. A normal air texturerising machine was modified to produce commingling hybrid yarns for test samples. Different process parameters were applied to produce the hybridized yarn samples. However, these process parameters turned out to have little effect on the filament distribution over the hybrid yarn cross section in terms of homogeneity. The analysis in this paper is focused on the pattern of mixing of filaments over a cross section of hybrid yarns according to different combinations of reinforcement and matrix filament yarns through microscopic view. The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, and the hybrid yarns count at 600 tex throughout experiments. It was concluded from the experiments that the diameters of reinforcement and matrix filaments have strong effects on the pattern of mixing of filaments over a cross section of hybrid yarns such that the hybrid yarns with more or less equal diameters of reinforcement and matrix filaments showed considerably even distributions over the hybrid yarn cross section.

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Hasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul, Martin Hengstermann, Rebekka Dilo, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Investigations on the Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Spun Yarns Made from Staple CF for Thermoset Composites." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0034.

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Abstract This article reports the results of investigations carried out to produce yarns consisting of staple carbon fiber (CF) obtained from process waste for the manufacturing of composites suitable especially for thermoset applications. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is done on processability between 100% staple CF and 60 weight% staple CF mixed with 40 weight% PVA fibers in carding, drawing and spinning process. The hybrid yarns are produced by varying twist level. The PVA fibers of the hybrid yarn are then dissolved using hot water treatment. The mechanical properties of yarns consisting of 100% staple CF and hybrid yarns consisting of staple CF and PVA before and after hot water treatment are investigated. Furthermore, test specimen is also prepared by impregnating 100% staple CF yarn and the hybrid yarns (after the dissolving of PVA) with epoxy resin. The results of the tensile test of the yarns in consolidated state reveals that the hybrid yarn produced with 80 T/m after hot water treatment exhibits approximately 75% of the tensile strength of virgin filament tow, and it is expected that the hybrid yarns can be applied for the manufacturing of thermoset based composites for load bearing structures.

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Herath, Chathura Nalendra, Bok Choon Kang, Jong Kwang Park, Yong Hwang Roh, and Beong Bok Hwang. "Breaking Elongation Properties of Hybrid Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.337.

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This paper is concerned the breaking elongation properties of Carbon/Aramid-, Carbon/Glass- and Aramid/Glass- matrix hybridized commingling yarns. The hybrid yarns produced by commingling process were investigated in terms of breaking elongation property. In experiments, carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF) filament yarns were combined. In this study, selected matrix materials include Polyether-ether-Keeton (PEEK), and polyester (PES), or polypropylene (PP). The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, ant hybrid yarns count at 600 tex, respectively. The reinforcement to matrix filament combination was selected as 1:1 proportion. The effect of different air pressures and material combinations was investigated in terms of breaking elongation. In experiments, each type of hybrid yarn sample has been tested 20 times at the testing speed of 10mm/min. under 3 bar of yarn clamping pressure. Since breaking elongation is one of most important properties in textile fiber, it was examined closely with reference to the first breaking point of commingling-hybrid yarns. It was concluded from experiments that hybrid yarns with higher breaking elongation and higher tensile strength tend to show better force-elongation relationship. It was also known from experiments that the combination of two reinforcement filament yarns gives always much better results than a single reinforcement filament yarns in terms of elongation property. GF/AF/matrix is shown very much better elongation properties. PP and PES gives higher elongation than PEEK as a matrix material.

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Mirdehghan, Abolfazl, Hooshang Nosraty, Mahmood M. Shokrieh, and Mehdi Akhbari. "The structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester co-wrapped hybrid yarns." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (June 26, 2017): 1979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717716166.

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This research describes the structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester hybrid yarns produced by co-wrapped and side-by-side technologies. Based on co-wrapping technology, the hybrid yarn is composed of polyester and glass fibers as shell and core structure, respectively. In order to produce this type of yarn, a new machine was designed and manufactured to investigate the influence of linear densities (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) and wrapping densities (115, 180, and 230 turns/m) of polyester fibers. It was found that the linear and wrapping densities have a significant effect on the structural and tensile properties of the final hybrid yarn. In order to compare, another type of hybrid yarn was also been investigated by hybridization of glass and polyester fibers (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) via side-by-side method. In comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns, the co-wrapped yarns have higher breaking load and tenacity due to the lateral compression force of the wrapped filament. The results show a 62% increase in breaking load of co-wrapped hybrid yarns in comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns.

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Fakhrali, Aref, Seyed Vahid Ebadi, Ali Akbar Gharehaghaji, Masoud Latifi, and Abdolrasool Moghassem. "Interactions between PA6 Ratio and Tensile Properties in PVA/PA6 Hybrid Nanofiber Yarns." Nano Hybrids and Composites 14 (March 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.14.25.

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In this study, we fabricated poly vinyl alcohol/polyamide 6 (PVA/PA6) hybrid nanofiber yarns and examined the influence of PA6 content on tensile properties of hybrid nanofiber yarns. The surface morphology of nanofiber yarns was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average diameters of nanofibers in pure PA6 and pure PVA nanofibers yarns were 83±12 nm and 187±21 nm, respectively. The results showed that the strength of hybrid yarns was descending for PA6 contents below 16.5 % and ascending for higher contents. Also, by increasing the PA6 ratio in the hybrid yarn, the elongation at break was decreased. Three various models including: Hamburger, simple rule of mixtures (ROM) and hybrid models were applied to predict the tensile behavior of hybrid yarns. This study showed that neither ROM nor Hamburger’s models were capable of predicting the tensile properties of hybrid yarns. Whiles, hybrid model can predict properties with the lowest error (6.44 % error in strength values and 13.06 % error in elongation values prediction). Moreover, this model was modified further for higher performance. Our results demonstrate that the hybrid model can be applied in engineered tensile properties of nanofibrous yarns.

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Korkmaz Memiş, Nazife, Gizem Kayabaşı, and Demet Yılmaz. "Development of a novel hybrid yarn production process for functional textile products." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 9 (March 25, 2018): 1462–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718766847.

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In this study, an innovative method consisting of electrospinning and conventional textile production techniques was built up to produce hybrid yarns enabling the production of functional textile products. The principle of the developed method is to open the twist of spun yarn, make this fibre bundle conductive for use as a collector, collect the electrospun nanofibres onto the conductive opened fibre bundle and finally twist this structure to produce hybrid yarn. To determine the feasibility of the developed method, surface morphology, chemical composition, coating features and tensile properties of the hybrid yarns were compared with that of the pure yarn and nanofibre-coated yarns produced without untwisting and retwisting processes. Test results demonstrated that untwisting process in hybrid production method provided the application of nanofibres interior structure of the spun yarn while retwisting process made integration of classical textile fibres and nanofibres together and hence locking the obtained yarn structure effectively. Thanks to the integrated structure, it was successful to get the yarn have the required tensile properties for weaving, knitting and other processes. Three minutes was determined as the optimum coating time for the effective nanofibre deposition and tensile properties. Summing up the results, it was believed that the method helps to benefit from the special properties of nanofibres for the functional yarn production together with durability and higher tensile properties of the spun yarns for larger usage areas. The presented findings could encourage the researchers to commercialize the method in order to get nanofibre-coated functional yarns.

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Bernava, Aina, Maris Manins, and Guntis Strazds. "Study of Mechanical Properties of Natural and Hybrid Yarns Reinforcements." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.231.

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The present work was focused on development and studies of mechanical properties that natural fibres have in the woven reinforcements made from hemp and flax as well as hybrid yarns of hemp and glass fibres. Natural fibres such as hemp and flax are biodegradable, have low weight and show good flexibility. Glass fibre is widely used in the industry when low cost and good performance is required. The hemp yarns (100 Tex and 1186 Tex), the flax yarns (678 Tex) and the hybrid yarn of hemp and glass fibres (1644 Tex) were used to develop woven reinforcement structures. Average surface density for reinforcements of hemp yarns is 83- 529 g/m2 and for reinforcements of hybrid yarns 738- 741 g/m2.

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Yilmaz, Berrin. "ARAMID–NYLON 6.6 HYBRID CORDS AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88970.

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Abstract Hybrid cords of two different polyamide yarns, poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide; aramid) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide; nylon 6.6) have been investigated. Aramid is a high-tenacity, high-modulus, low-elongation, and thermally stable yarn material. Nylon 6.6 is a high-elongation, low-modulus, high-fatigue-resistant, and good adhering synthetic yarn. The combination of these two different synthetic yarns enables hybrid cords with a diversified range of mechanical properties. The hybrid cord product property diversification is achieved by proper combination of different cord-forming properties of individual plies, such as linear densities, twist levels, ply numbers, treating conditions, and so forth. The effect of linear densities, twist level of plies, and twist level of cabled cord and ply number on the cord properties and also cord performance have been summarized. Aramid yarn having an 1100 linear density has been combined with nylon 6.6 yarn with a different linear density, ranging from 940 to 2100, to form hybrid cord structures. Twisting of aramid and nylon 6.6 yarns has been kept between 150 and 450 twists per meter, while the ply number of aramid and nylon 6.6 yarns has been varied as one and two plies by keeping the total ply number of the cord as three.

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Laqraa, Chaimae, Manuela Ferreira, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, and Damien Soulat. "Elaboration by Wrapping Process and Multiscale Characterisation of Thermoplastic Bio-Composite Based on Hemp/PA11 Constituents." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070770.

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The present work investigates the potential of developing bio-composites based on thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibres by using hybrid yarns. The hybrid yarns were produced by the wrapping technique, in which a multifilament of polyamide 11 (PA11) was wrapped around an untreated low-twisted hemp roving to produce a yarn with sufficient tenacity and stiffness for the next step of weaving. The tensile behaviour of the wrapped yarns was identified both in the dry- and thermo-state. Then, two different fabrics were woven and tested to study the influence of yarn densities and weave diagrams on the tensile and flexural properties. At this fabric scale, properties of fabrics made from hybrid yarns were compared with those of fabrics from a previous study made from 100% hemp roving. Composites made from these fabrics, with stacking of two cross-plies, were produced by thermocompression and characterised regarding mechanical strength.

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Wu, Liwei, Wei Wang, Qian Jiang, Chunjie Xiang, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Mechanical Characterization and Impact Damage Assessment of Hybrid Three-Dimensional Five-Directional Composites." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091395.

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The effects of braided architecture and co-braided hybrid structure on low-velocity response of carbon-aramid hybrid three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites were experimentally investigated in this study. Low-velocity impact was conducted on two types of hybridization and one pure carbon fiber braided reinforced composites under three velocities. Damage morphologies after low-velocity impact were detected by microscopy and ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Interior damages of composites were highly dependent on yarn type and alignment. Impact damage tolerance was introduced to evaluate the ductility of hybrid composites. Maximum impact load and toughness changed with impact velocity and constituent materials of the composites. The composite with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn showed the best impact resistance due to the synergistic effect of both materials. Wavelet transform was applied in frequency and time domain analyses to reflect the failure mode and mechanism of hybrid 3D5d braided composites. Aramid fibers were used either as axial yarns or braiding yarns, aiding in the effective decrease in the level of initial damage. In particular, when used as axial yarns, aramid fibers effectively mitigate the level of damage during damage evolution.

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Jiang, Guo Jun, Wen Min Zhao, and Xiao Hong Qin. "Fabrication of Twisted Continuous Nanofiber/Cotton Hybrid Yarns." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1317.

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In this study, the process of electrospinning was combined with traditional spin process to fabricate twisted continuous nanofiber/cotton hybrid yarns. The morphologies and structures of the prepared polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber/cotton hybrid yarns were investigated. Results showed that the twisted hybrid yarns can withstand the abrasion in conventional textile processes such as spinning. This novel method has shown potential for the production of hybrid yarns consisting of nanofibers and cotton fibers for potential applications in the textile industry.

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Fakhrali, Aref, Seyed Vahid Ebadi, Ali Akbar Gharehaghaji, Masoud Latifi, and Abdolrasool Moghassem. "Analysis of twist level and take-up speed impact on the tensile properties of PVA/PA6 hybrid nanofiber yarns." e-Polymers 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0248.

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AbstractIn this work, polyvinyl alcohol/nylon6 hybrid nanofiber yarns were produced to achieve good properties of each component. The influence of the twist level in the range of 3000–14,666 tpm and take-up speed in the range of 2.5–8.5 cm/min of yarns on the tensile properties was investigated. The highest strength and elongation at break of yarns were achieved in twist level and take-up speed of about 11,000 tpm (8.13±0.72 cN/tex and 72.44±7.64%) and 6.5 cm/min (6.20±0.57 cN/tex and 70.23±7.95%), respectively. Excessive values over these amounts caused a drastic decrement in tensile properties. This could be due to the loss nanofiber arrangement in the yarn structure that was confirmed by the study of orientation of the nanofibers in the yarns by the SEM images. These yarns have the potential to be used in medical applications such as a non-absorbable suture due to the drug loading ability and bio-compatibility properties of PVA nanofibers.

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Tunák, Maroš, Veronika Tunáková, Martin Schindler, and Jiří Procházka. "Spatial arrangement of stainless steel fibers within hybrid yarns designed for electromagnetic shielding." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (July 3, 2018): 2019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783354.

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Yarns containing textile fibers and fine metal fibers in their structure are often used to produce electrically conductive fabrics. The blending quality of the fiber components in a yarn significantly affects the properties of the yarn and the produced fabric. Therefore, the arrangement of metal fibers in yarn structures needs to be analyzed, which can be done using image analysis and spatial statistics methods. One of the aims of this paper is to introduce a suitable methodology for obtaining adequate cross-sections of a yarn containing metal fibers that would allow the usage of objective image analysis methods to identify the component fibers for subsequent evaluation of spatial arrangement. In this paper, an algorithm for the objective segmentation of the component fibers in a yarn cross-section is proposed, and a methodology for evaluating the spatial arrangement of fibers using spatial statistics data is presented. The second aim is to study the specific arrangement of the fibers in hybrid yarns containing 20 wt% of a conductive component, more precisely extremely thin discrete stainless steel fibers, by the proposed methodology. Based on the results, it is concluded that the metal fibers in the cross-sections of this hybrid yarn are randomly arranged.

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Hertleer, Carla, Jeroen Meul, Gilbert De Mey, Simona Vasile, Sheilla A. Odhiambo, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Mathematical Model Predicting the Heat and Power Dissipated in an Electro-Conductive Contact in a Hybrid Woven Fabric." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0013.

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AbstractElectro-conductive (EC) yarns can be woven into a hybrid fabric to enable electrical current to flow through the fabric from one component A to another component B. These hybrid fabrics form the bases of woven e-textiles. However, at the crossing point of an EC yarn in warp and in weft direction, there is a contact resistance and thus generation of heat may occur in this area. Both phenomena are inseparable: if the contact resistance in the EC contact increases, the generated heat will increase as well. Predicting this electrical and thermal behavior of EC contacts in hybrid woven fabrics with stainless steel yarns is possible with a mathematical model based on the behavior of a metal oxide varistor (MOV). This paper will discuss in detail how this can be achieved.

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Zhelezina, G. F., V. G. Bova, S. I. Voinov, and A. Ch Kan. "Promising hybrid fabrics based on carbon and aramid fibers as a reinforcing filler for polymer composites." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 2(98) (August 11, 2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-98-2-86-95.

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The paper considers possibilities of using a hybrid fabric made of high-modulus carbon yarn brand ZhGV and high-strength aramid yarns brand Rusar-NT for polymer composites reinforcement. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid composite material and values of the implementation of the strength and elasticity carbon fibers and aramid module for composite material are presented.

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Vasile, Simona, Frank Deruck, Carla Hertleer, Alexandra De Raeve, Thomas Ellegiers, and Gilbert De Mey. "Study of the Contact Resistance of Interlaced Stainless Steel Yarns Embedded in Hybrid Woven Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0024.

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Abstract The contact resistance of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns embedded in a hybrid woven fabric will constitute a problem for electro-conductive textiles under certain circumstances. A high contact resistance can induce hotspots, while a variable contact resistance may cause malfunctioning of the components that are interconnected by the electro-conductive yarns. Moreover, the contact robustness should be preserved over time and various treatments such as washing or abrading should not alter the functioning of the electro-conductive textiles. The electrical resistance developed in the contact point of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns is the result of various factors. The influence of diameter of the electro-conductive stainless steel yarns, the weave pattern, the weft density, and the abrasion on the contact resistance was investigated. Hybrid polyester fabrics were produced according to the design of experiments (DoE) and statistical models were found that describe the variation of the contact resistance with the selected input parameters. It was concluded that the diameter of the stainless steel warp and weft yarns has a statistically significant influence on the contact resistance regardless of the weave. Weft density had a significant influence on the contact resistance but only in case of the twill fabrics. Abrasion led to an increase in contact resistance regardless of the weave pattern and the type of stainless steel yarn that was used. Finally, a combination of parameters that leads to plain and twill fabrics with low contact resistance and robust contacts is recommended.

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Hengstermann, M., MMB Hasan, A. Abdkader, and Ch Cherif. "Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers (rCF) for high-performance composites. Part-II: Influence of yarn parameters on tensile properties of composites." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 13 (August 20, 2016): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516658511.

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This article reports the successful manufacturing of hybrid yarns from virgin staple CF (40 or 60 mm) or recycled staple CF (rCF) by mixing with polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers of defined length. The hybrid yarns are produced using an optimized process route of carding, drawing, and flyer machine. Furthermore, the influence of CF length, CF type (i.e. virgin or rCF), CF volume content, and twist of the yarn are also investigated regarding the tensile properties of unidirectionally laid (UD) thermoplastic composites. The results show that CF length, yarn twist, and CF content of composites play a big role on the tensile properties of thermoplastic composites. From the comparison of tensile strength of UD composites produced from 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF, it can be seen that the increase of yarn twist decreases the tensile strength. However, the effect of twist on the tensile properties of UD composites manufactured from 40 mm virgin staple CF is insignificant. The tensile strength of UD thermoplastic composites manufactured from the hybrid yarn with 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF and rCF is found to be 771 ± 100, 838 ± 81, and 801 ± 53.4 MPa, respectively, in the case of 87 T/m containing 50 volume% CF.

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Bechtold, G., M. Sakaguchi, K. Friedrich, and H. Hamada. "Pultrusion of Micro-Braided GF/PA6 Yarn." Advanced Composites Letters 8, no. 6 (November 1999): 096369359900800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359900800605.

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The present paper reports about experimental investigations on a new type of thermoplastic intermediate material (TP-prepreg). Today, most processes for producing fibre reinforced composite parts with thermoplastic matrices require expensive prepregs like pre-impregnated tapes or hybrid yarns (commingled yarns or powder impregnated yarns). The microbraiding technique offers some advantages compared to existing prepregs: Microbraided yarns can be produced directly by the user by a microbraiding process requiring only glass rovings and polymer rovings, and at the same time, the user is free of any restrictions on fibre/matrix combinations or reinforcement fibre content. Glass Fibre/Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) microbraided yarn was compared to commercially available GF/PA6 tape concerning the use in a pultrusion process. For mechanical characterisation, shear strength and bending strength were determined. The processing parameters such as preheating temperature, heated die temperature and pulling speed were varied.

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Qian, Xiuyang, Yushan Zhou, Liya Cai, Feng Pei, and Xu Li. "Computational simulation of the ballistic impact of fabrics using hybrid shell element." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502097354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020973542.

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This paper investigates on a computational simulation of Twaron® fabric against ballistic impact. It proposed a hybrid shell element model considering the strain-rate-sensitive failure criterion. This model innovatively provided a resolution of the yarn level to better capture the unique properties of the woven fabric, such as yarn crimp, sliding contact between yarns, stress transmission on yarns and yarn broken. The fabric is modeled using a hybrid shell element analysis approach aim of reducing the complexity and computational expense while ensuring accuracy. The response characteristics of fabric under high velocity ballistic impact are studied by applying a 3D finite element program DYNA3D in this paper and the experimental investigation had been taken by Shim et al. According to the computational and experimental results, transverse deflection distribution and stress transmission of fabrics are presented. The ballistic limit, energy absorption, remaining velocity are calculated by simulation models and compared with the experimental results. This approach is also validated by comparing it against a 2D uniform shell model and a 3D interlacing shell model. The results show that the hybrid model can accurately reflect the buckling and fluctuation behavior of fabrics and has a relatively few computational consumption at the same time.

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Foroughi, Javad, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Dennis Antiohos, Azadehsadat Mirabedini, Sanjeev Gambhir, Gordon G. Wallace, Shaban R. Ghorbani, et al. "Hybrid Yarns: Highly Conductive Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrid Yarn (Adv. Funct. Mater. 37/2014)." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 37 (October 2014): 5773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201470244.

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Zhou, Feng-Lei, Rong-Hua Gong, and Isaac Porat. "Nano-coated hybrid yarns using electrospinning." Surface and Coatings Technology 204, no. 21-22 (August 2010): 3459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.04.021.

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Mehrpouya, Fahimeh, Javad Foroughi, Sina Naficy, Joselito Razal, and Minoo Naebe. "Nanostructured Electrospun Hybrid Graphene/Polyacrylonitrile Yarns." Nanomaterials 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7100293.

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Hu, C., R. H. Gong, and F. L. Zhou. "Electrospun Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene Oxide Fibers and Nanocoated Yarns." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/126041.

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Sodium alginate (NaAlg), as a natural biopolymer, was electrospun from aqueous solution via blending with a biofriendly synthetic polymer polyethylene oxide. The morphology and chemical properties of resultant alginate-based nanofibers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At a wide voltage window (i.e., 12–24 kV), smooth and uniform nanofibers were obtained from the 5.0% concentration with the NaAlg/PEO ratio ranging from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3. The results from FTIR, PXRD, and DSC demonstrate that molecular interaction exists between these two polymers and, therefore, contributes to the alteration of crystallinity of electrospun fibers. In addition, NaAlg/PEO nanofiber-coated polylactic acid (PLA) yarns with different twist levels were also fabricated in this work. The results show that the tensile strength of the nanocoated hybrid yarn and the tensile strength of uncoated yarn increase with the twist per centimeter (TPC) up to 0.5 but decrease when TPC is further increased. The tensile properties of hybrid yarn are superior to those of the uncoated yarn.

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Ashir, Moniruddoza, Andreas Nocke, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of shape memory alloy hybrid yarns for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 8 (April 17, 2018): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518770678.

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The application of shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the development of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics has been expanding steadily in recent years. In order to prevent matrix damage and optimize the actuating potential of SMAs during the process of thermally induced activation, a barrier layer between SMAs and the matrix of fiber-reinforced plastics is required. This article approaches the textile technological development of SMA hybrid yarns as a core–sheath structure using friction spinning technology, whereby the SMA serves as the core. Four types of hybrid yarns are produced by varying the number of process stages from one to three, as well as the core and sheath materials. The decoupling of the SMA from fiber-reinforced plastics is crucial for optimizing the actuating potential of SMA, thus it is tested by means of the pull-out test. Although the material loss coefficient increases by raising the number of process stages, the three-stage processing of SMA hybrid yarn with an additional glass roving is found to be the most suitable variation for decoupling SMA from the matrix of fiber-reinforced plastics.

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Hosseinalizadeh, Mehrdad, Mehdi K. Dolatabadi, Saeed S. Najar, and Reza E. Farsani. "Blending quality of co-air-textured yarn: Optimization parameters of Kevlar/polypropylene applicable for thermoplastic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 13 (November 12, 2018): 1791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318811510.

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Nowadays, hybrid yarns, which consist of at least one-component thermoplastic fibers, are used in thermoplastic textile composites. The uniformity of the fibers in hybrid yarns is a key factor that directly influences the composite properties. Accordingly, one of the main aims of the present research was to optimize the air texturing parameters to achieve the uniform blending of Kevlar/polypropylene fibers. To evaluate the blending uniformity of yarns, the radial, lateral and angular distribution of fibers, based on the position of the pixels of the constituent fibers, was evaluated using the image processing data of yarn cross sections. According to this method, the production parameters, namely, blend ratio, delivery speed, feed rate and air pressure, were optimized simultaneously via the response surface method to obtain the blending uniformity of the fibers. The uniform blending distribution could be achieved by a higher blend ratio of Kevlar/PP (1:6), a lower production speed (300 m/min), a higher feed rate (500 m/min), and a higher air pressure (10 bar). Eventually, it was confirmed that there was a good correlation between the blending quality of the real samples and the predicted quality of the response surface method model.

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Khurshid, Muhammad Furqan, Martin Hengstermann, Mir Mohammad Badrul Hasan, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites – A review." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 14 (November 7, 2019): 1925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319886043.

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The aim of this paper is to highlight recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites. Initially, injection moulding and nonwoven technologies have been used to integrate waste carbon fibres into fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Recently, tape and hybrid yarn spinning technologies have been developed to produce tape and hybrid yarn structures from waste carbon fibre, which are then used to manufacture recycled carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastics with much higher efficiency. The hybrid yarn spinning technologies enable the development of various fibrous structures with higher fibre orientation, compactness and fibre volume fraction. Therefore, thermoplastic composites manufactured from hybrid yarns possess a good potential for use in load-bearing structural applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review on novel and existing technologies employed for the processing of waste carbon fibre in addition to different quality aspects of waste carbon fibre is presented.

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Yu, Zhi-Cai, Jian-Fei Zhang, Ching-Wen Lou, Hua-Ling He, An-Pang Chen, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Moisture Comfort and Antibacterial Properties of Elastic Warp-Knitted Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0040.

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Abstract Multifunction elastic warp-knitted fabrics were fabricated on a crochet machine with the use of metal composite yarns/viscose yarn and bamboo polyester/ crisscross-section polyester hybrid yarns as the front face and back face of the knitted fabric structure, respectively. We investigated the effect of the blend ratio of bamboo charcoal/ crisscross-section polyester multiply yarns on the fabric's moisture comfort properties, such as water vapour transmission (WVT), water evaporation rate (WER), and water absorbency. The results showed that blending ratio significantly influenced WVT and WER. Moreover, antibacterial activity of the elastic warp- knitted fabric was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in accordance with AATCC 90-2011. Finally, the extension- stress value curves were used to analyse the elastic stretching property, and the fabric exhibited greater breaking elongation and lower stress value in the walewise than in the weft direction.

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Jin, Xiao, and Jian Wei Cui. "Study of Polyacrylate Sizing Agents Modified by Ethanol/PSt and Nano-TiO₂/PSt Core-Shell Hybrid Particles." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.902.

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This paper stated the preparation of nano-TiO2 via Sol-Gel method and modification of nano-TiO2 by coupling agent—MPS. Then Ethanol/PSt and nano-TiO2/PSt core-shell hybrid particles were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization by using the cationic surfactant Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide as emulsifier and Cyclohexane as co-stabilizer. These two hybrid nano-particles were added to the sizing agent—SX-5 respectively, to determine the sizing agents’ adhesive force to Terylene (T) and Terylene/Cotton (T/C) yarns respectively via roving method. The breaking strength and hairiness number of T/C yarns were determined by single yarns’ sizing method. The adhesive force of T and T/C yarns, breaking strength and hairiness number of T/C ones, showed that small size effect, high fluidity, and high surface energy caused by large specific surface area of hybrid nano-latices would make a great contribution to sizing properties.

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Fan, Wei, Lili Xue, Tongxue Wei, Jingjing Dong, Juanzi Li, LinJia Yuan, Wensheng Dang, Runjun Sun, and Xiaogang Chen. "Enhancement of mechanical and electromagnetic absorbing properties of carbon/glass hybrid composites with a three-dimensional quasi-isotropic braided structure." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (April 24, 2019): 4896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519844206.

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Two carbon/glass hybrid composites with different reinforced structures were designed and their mechanical and electromagnetic absorbing properties (EMAPs) were investigated in this paper. It was found that the tensile, bending, and double-notch shear strength of the three-dimensional (3D) quasi-isotropic (QI)-braided composite were 4.50%, 9.64%, and 14.29% higher than those of the QI-laminated composite, respectively. This was because Z-binder yarns in the 3D QI-braided composite can lock all yarn sets together to bear external stress and inhibit crack propagation in interlamination. The EMAPs of the 3D QI-braided composites were larger than that of the QI-laminated composite in the entire Ku band. This was because the Z-directional glass fibers in the 3D QI-braided composite were beneficial for electromagnetic transmission. The uniform arrangement of five sets of yarns (+45°, –45°, 90°, 0°, and Z-yarns) resulted in the 3D QI-braided composites having better QI-EMAPs and QI mechanical properties in plane and outstanding interlayer performance than the traditional carbon fiber laminated composite.

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Gong, Ting, Iurie Curosu, Frank Liebold, Duy M. P. Vo, Konrad Zierold, Hans-Gerd Maas, Chokri Cherif, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Tensile Behavior of High-Strength, Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (HS-SHCC) Reinforced with Continuous Textile Made of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245628.

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The paper at hand presents an investigation of the tensile behavior of high-strength, strain-hardening cement-based composites (HS-SHCC), reinforced with a single layer of continuous, two-dimensional textile made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Uniaxial tension tests were performed on the bare UHMWPE textiles, on plain HS-SHCC, and on the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. The bond properties between the textile yarns and the surrounding composite were investigated in single-yarn pullout experiments. In order to assess the influence of bond strength between the yarn and HS-SHCC on the tensile behavior of the composites with hybrid fiber reinforcement, the textile samples were analyzed both with, and without, an additional coating of epoxy resin and sand. Compared to the composites reinforced with carbon yarns in previous studies by the authors, the high elongation capacity of the UHMWPE textile established the higher strain capacity of the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites, and showed superior energy absorption capacity up to failure. The UHMWPE textile limited the average crack width in comparison with that of plain HS-SHCC, but led to slightly larger crack widths when compared to equivalent composites reinforced with carbon textile, the reason for which was traced back to the lower Young’s modulus and the higher elongation capacity of the polymer textile.

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Choi, Minki, and Jooyong Kim. "Preparation and Transmission Characteristics of Hybrid Structure Yarns with Nylon fiber for Smart Wear." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 2 (June 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300206.

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Twisted Copper Filaments (TCF) were made by a yarn covering process in order to transmit signals and power for electronic textiles. The 560 denier polyurethane filaments were covered in the S-twist direction by urethane-coated copper wires. Two TCF's twisted in the Z direction were further covered in the S direction by nylon filaments to make final hybrid structure yarns (HSY). The HSY prepared was proportionally increased in apparent resistance and showed resistivity of 1.6210–8Ω·m. The number of ply was critical in terms of resistance variation, showing a linear increase in resistance with ply number. The twist factor, however, was not as significant. Final filaments were found to be changed in resonance frequency mainly due to the change of di-electricity and thus capacitance caused by the nylon covering. It is concluded that while resonance frequency was primarily determined by filament length and dielectric constant of the covering yarns, resonance frequency S11 and S21 were mainly determined by measurement length and ply number.

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Özkan, Ilkan, and Abdurrahman Telli. "The effects of metal type, number of layers, and hybrid yarn placement on the absorption and reflection properties in electromagnetic shielding of woven fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501986096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019860961.

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In this study, stainless steel, copper, and silver wires were intermingled with two polyamide 6.6 filaments through the commingling technique to produce three-component hybrid yarns. The produced hybrid yarns were used as weft in the structure of plain woven fabric samples. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness parameters of samples were measured in the frequency range of 0.8–5.2 GHz by the free space technique. The effects of metal hybrid yarn placement, number of fabric layers, metal types, and wave polarization on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and absorption and reflection properties of the woven fabrics were analyzed statistically at low and high frequencies separately. As a result, the samples have no shielding property in the warp direction. Metal types show no statistically significant effect on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. However, fabrics containing stainless steel have a higher absorption power ratio than copper and silver samples. Double-layer samples have higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values than single-layer fabrics in both frequency ranges. However, the number of layers does not have a significant effect on the absorbed and reflected power in the range of 0.8–2.6 GHz. There was a significant difference above 2.6 GHz frequency for absorbed power ratio. An increase in the density of hybrid yarns in the fabric structure leads to an increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values. Two-metal placement has a higher absorbed power than the full and one-metal placements, respectively. The samples which have double layers and including metal wire were in their all wefts reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values for stainless steel (78.70 dB), copper (72.69 dB), and silver composite (57.50 dB) fabrics.

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Asghar, A., MR Ahmad, MF Yahya, MT Ali, AA Ab Aziz, NH Abd Rahman, S. Zameer Ul Hassan, and M. Kashif. "An alternative approach to design conductive hybrid cover yarns for efficient electromagnetic shielding fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717721922.

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E-Textiles have gained enormous attention due to their specific characteristics in various non-conventional applications such as electromagnetic shielding materials. With the advent of various high frequency-driven devices, the need to restrict the non-ionizing radiations from their undesired effects became imperative. Due to the ease of production, better electrical conductivity and durability, the conductive hybrid cover yarns with continuous metallic filaments have earned its place as the most convenient form of yarns to develop E-textiles. However, controlling the amount of conducting material in yarns poses a challenge as the increase in size of the metallic filaments are associated with reduced electromagnetic shielding effectiveness due to increased stiffness of yarns, which resists in proper interlacement and hence causes openness in fabrics. The proposed design of conductive hybrid cover yarns is proven to have better tensile properties and modulus, therefore this design is more suitable to produced fabrics with higher cover factors. The amount of conducting material in the proposed design increased significantly without changing the size of the continuous filaments. Moreover, 99.9% shielding effectiveness is achieved with this increased metal content in fabrics in S-band and partly C-band microwave frequencies.

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Möbius, Teresa, Michael Krahl, Martin Helwig, Frank Adam, Niels Modler, Eric Starke, Sebastian Sauer, and Wolf Joachim Fischer. "Analyses of Boundary Conditions for Process Integration of Sensor Elements in Complex Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Spacer Structures." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.533.

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The application of hybrid yarns and their further processing to textile preforms enforce adapted manufacturing processes. Furthermore, a consolidation of cross-section varying parts requires an adapted mold and core system for a reproducible production process. Similarly, the application of hybrid yarns facilitates low consolidation pressures and thus favors the integration of electronic components in fibre-reinforced thermoplastic parts. In this paper, the analyses of the boundary conditions for a process integration of sensor elements in complex fibre-reinforced spacer structures are presented.

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Yin, Shiping, Bo Wang, Fei Wang, and Shilang Xu. "Bond investigation of hybrid textile with self-compacting fine-grain concrete." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 8 (January 28, 2016): 1616–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716629137.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the influence of bond characteristics between textile and matrix on the mechanical behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC). Two types of tests were performed, i.e. pullout test and uniaxial tensile test. Self-compacting fine-grain concrete was adopted. Two kinds of hybrid textile, consisting of both carbon and E-glass yarns, were specially prepared for this study. The experimental results show that sticking sands on the textile after epoxy resin impregnation can improve the interfacial property between textile and matrix. The specimens with textile of 10 mm × 10 mm mesh have stronger bond strength than those with textile of 25 mm × 25 mm mesh, and can reach the maximum tensile strength of yarns when the initial bond length is between 30 mm and 35 mm. Moreover, sticking sands on the textile can improve the multiple cracks form and the ultimate bearing capacity of TRC under uniaxial tensile load. Specimens with textile of 10 mm × 10 mm mesh have higher first-crack loads than those with textile of 25 mm × 25 mm mesh whether or not the textile surface treatment was conducted, and also have better crack distribution. Finally, based on the experimental results from TRC under uniaxial tensile load, a double linear constitutive equation of stress–strain relationship of carbon fiber yarn is provided in this paper.

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Javadi Toghchi, Marzieh, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Christine Campagne, Pascal Bruniaux, Aurélie Cayla, Nicolae Lucano, and Yan Chen. "The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 11-12 (November 27, 2019): 1354–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519890624.

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The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

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Mäder, Edith, and K. Skop-Cardarella. "Tailored Thermoplastic Composites Based on New Hybrid Yarns." Key Engineering Materials 137 (April 1997): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.137.24.

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Alagirusamy, R., R. Fangueiro, V. Ogale, and N. Padaki. "Hybrid Yarns and Textile Preforming for Thermoplastic Composites." Textile Progress 38, no. 4 (January 2006): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2006.0004.

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Ishtiaque, S. M., and A. Das. "Study on thermal treatment of hybrid technical yarns." Fibers and Polymers 5, no. 1 (March 2004): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875491.

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Adusei, Paa Kwasi, Kevin Johnson, Sathya N. Kanakaraj, Guangqi Zhang, Yanbo Fang, Yu-Yun Hsieh, Mahnoosh Khosravifar, Seyram Gbordzoe, Matthew Nichols, and Vesselin Shanov. "Asymmetric Fiber Supercapacitors Based on a FeC2O4/FeOOH-CNT Hybrid Material." C 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7030062.

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The development of new flexible and lightweight electronics has increased the demand for compatible energy storage devices to power them. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have long been known for their ability to be assembled into yarns, offering their integration into electronic devices. They are hindered, however, by their low intrinsic energy storage properties. Herein, we report a novel composite yarn, synthesized through solvothermal processes, that attained energy densities in the range between 0.17 µWh/cm2 and 3.06 µWh/cm2, and power densities between 0.26 mW/cm2 and 0.97 mW/cm2, when assembled in a supercapacitor with a PVDF-EMIMBF4 electrolyte. The created unique composition of iron oxalate + iron hydroxide + CNT as an anode worked well in synergy with the much-studied PANI + CNT cathode, resulting in a highly stable yarn energy storage device that maintained 96.76% of its energy density after 4000 cycles. This device showed no observable change in performance under stress/bend tests which makes it a viable candidate for powering wearable electronics.

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Kang, Bok Choon, Chathura Nalendra Herath, Jong Kwang Park, and Yong Hwang Roh. "An Air Texturing Process for Hybridization of Different Reinforcement Filament Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.333.

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Carbon, aramid and glass fibers are inherently superior to conventional textile fibers in terms of mechanical properties and other characteristics. However, each material has its inherent advantages and disadvantages and it is usually recommended to hybridize them to fully benefit of their high performance in practical applications to many products. This paper is concerned with an air texturing process for hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. A normal air texturing machine was selected for process development and modified to suit testing purposes. The modified process for hybridization was introduced mainly in terms of air-jet nozzles employed in experiments. With the proposed air texturing process machine, three types of air-nozzle were applied to the experimental work. Three different filament materials were employed in experiments and they are carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF). As matrix materials, polyether-ether (PEEK), polyester (PES), and polypropylene (PP) were selected and experimented. Hybrid yarns produced form the proposed process was evaluated optically in terms of bulkiness, arranging, breaking, and mixing, respectively. The experimental results were also summarized in terms of relationships between applied air pressure and yarn count, and variation in count. As a whole, it was concluded from the experiments that the proposed texturing process could be successfully applied to the practical hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. It was also revealed from the experiments that the air pressure in the proposed process is not a significant parameter on the pressing in terms of yarn count.

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Xu, Fujun, Liangang Zheng, Kun Zhang, Mohamed Amine Aouraghe, Sidra Saleemi, Yanhong Cao, and Yiping Qiu. "Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis of 3D-Woven Copper Wire/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.5.3.

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Three-dimensional woven fabrics with excellent structural integrity are a very promising structure for multifunctional materials hybridized with various yarns. To systematically investigate mechanical properties and failure analysis of 3D-woven hybrid composites, copper wire/glass fiber composites with two hybrid structures, single-face copper wire (SF-CW) and double-face copper wire (DF-CW), were fabricated and tested. The SF-CW hybrid composites showed excellent tensile strength (1214 MPa) and bending strength (964 MP), which was greater than that of the DF-CW hybrid composites. Additionally, the compression strength and impact resistance of both composites exhibited comparable properties with traditional materials. Furthermore, all failure cross sections showed superior structural integrity and anti-delaminate properties, demonstrating that 3D-woven composites can be a good candidate platform by hybridization with various multifunctional yarns.

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Wu, Liwei, Xiaojun Sun, Chunjie Xiang, Wei Wang, Fa Zhang, Qian Jiang, Youhong Tang, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Short Beam Shear Behavior and Failure Characterization of Hybrid 3D Braided Composites Structure with X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091931.

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Three-dimensional braided composite has a unique spatial network structure that exhibits the characteristics of high delamination resistance, damage tolerance, and shear strength. Considering the characteristics of braided structures, two types of high-performance materials, namely, aramid and carbon fibers, were used as reinforcements to prepare braided composites with different hybrid structures. In this study, the longitudinal and transverse shear properties of 3D braided hybrid composites were tested to investigate the influences of hybrid and structural effects. The damage characteristics of 3D braided hybrid composites under short beam shear loading underwent comprehensive morphological analysis via optical microscopy, water-logging ultrasonic scanning, and X-ray micro-computed tomography methods. It is shown that the shear toughness of hybrid braided composite has been improved at certain degrees compared with the pure carbon fiber composite under both transverse and longitudinal directions. The hybrid braided composites with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn exhibited the best shear toughness under transverse shear loading. Meanwhile, the composites with carbon fiber as axial yarn and aramid fiber as braiding yarn demonstrated the best shear toughness in the longitudinal direction. Due to the different distribution of axial and braiding yarns, the transverse shear property of hybrid braided structure excels over the longitudinal shear property. The failure modes of the hybrid braided composite under the two loading directions are considerably different. Under transverse loading, the primary failure mode of the composites is yarn fracture. Under longitudinal loading, the primary failure modes are resin fracture and fiber slip. The extensive interfacial effects and the good deformation capability of the hybrid braided composites can effectively prevent the longitudinal development of internal cracks in the pattern, improving the shear properties of braided composites.

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Wu, C. M., W. Y. Hsieh, S. T. Su, K. B. Cheng, K. C. Lee, and C. C. Lai. "Study of braiding commingled self-reinforced PET composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400866.

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This work examines the flexural and impact behavior of self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) (srPET) composites, which were produced by film stacking from fabrics composed of braiding commingled yarns with high-tenacity PET (serving as the reinforcements) and copolymerized PET (mPET) (serving as the matrix). The influence of the hybrid yarns, fabric architectures, and processing conditions on the mechanical properties of srPETs were studied.

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Marciniak, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Grabowska, Zbigniew Stempień, Izabela Ciesielska-Wróbel, Izabela Ciesielska-Wróbel, Aleksandra Rutkowska, and Dorota Taranek. "Woven Fabrics Containing Hybrid Yarns for Shielding Electromagnetic Radiation." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 24, no. 6(120) (December 31, 2016): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1221744.

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Rossettos, John N., and Thomas A. Godfrey. "Hybrid Effect at Fiber Breaks in Twisted Blended Yarns." Textile Research Journal 72, no. 4 (April 2002): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200407.

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Matsumoto, Yo-Ichi, Satoshi Fushimi, Hideki Saito, Akio Sakaguchi, Koichiro Toriumi, Toyonori Nishimatsu, Yoshio Shimizu, Hirofusa Shirai, Hideo Morooka, and Hugh Gong. "Twisting Mechanisms of Open-End Rotor Spun Hybrid Yarns." Textile Research Journal 72, no. 8 (August 2002): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200814.

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Matsumoto, Yo-Ichi, Hideki Saito, Akio Sakaouchi, Koichiro Toriumi, Toyonori Nishimatsu, Yoshio Shimizu, Hirofusa Shirai, Hideo Morooka, and Hugh Gong. "Combination Effects of Open-End Rotor Spun Hybrid Yarns." Textile Research Journal 74, no. 8 (August 2004): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750407400803.

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Shahzad, Amir, Zulfiqar Ali, Usman Ali, Zubair Khaliq, Muhammad Zubair, Ick Soo Kim, Tanveer Hussain, Muhammad Qamar Khan, Abher Rasheed, and Muhammad Bilal Qadir. "Development and characterization of conductive ring spun hybrid yarns." Journal of The Textile Institute 110, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1507695.

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Semnani, Dariush, Mohammad Sheikhzadeh, Ali Akbar Ghareaghaji, and Rezvan Amjadpour. "Wrinkled fabric appearance in uniform waveform by hybrid yarns." Journal of the Textile Institute 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000701570690.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid yarns'

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