Journal articles: 'Hybridapp'

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Kook, Joongjin, and Byoung-Ha Park. "A Research of the Compatibility for the HybridApp-Based Smart-Learning Contents in the Heterogeneous Smart Platform." IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14372/iemek.2013.8.1.011.

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Martínez Mamián, Carlos Augusto, Nelson Jose Vivas Quila, and Sandra Morales Velasco. "Agronomic response of forage mixtures in a silvopastoral system of the Colombian dry tropic." DYNA 87, no. 213 (April 1, 2020): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n213.79900.

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Mixtures of forage grasses and legumes were established on 9.7 ha, using the following treatments: Brachiaria hybrida cv. Cayman,Brachiaria hybrida cv. Toledo, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaza, Brachiaria hybrida cv. Cayman + C. brasiliensis, Brachiaria hybridacv. Toledo + C. brasiliensis, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaza + C. brasiliensis. The following variables were evaluated: vigor, height ofthe plant, coverage, incidence of pests and diseases at the four-week mark and production of forage and dry matter were recorded at the six-week mark. Statistical differences were found for plant height, which evidenced which of the treatments behaved best in terms of growth. Non-combined treatments were found to perform best for the production of dry matter variable. C. brasiliensis contributes to the growth of the combined grasses during the first four weeks of establishment, but after this time the legume begins to compete for space and light, affecting the development of the other forage species.

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Islam, A. K. M. Aminul, Nurina Anuar, Zahira Yaakob, Jaharah A. Ghani, and Mohamad Osman. "Combining Ability for Germination Traits inJatropha curcasL." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935981.

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Six parents ofJatropha curcaswere crossed in half diallel fashion, and theF1s were evaluated to determine the combining ability for nine germination parameters. The ratio between general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances indicated preponderance of additive gene action for all the characters except germination percentage, time of 50% germination, seedling length, and seedling vigor index. The parentsP1andP2were the best general combiner for most of the characters studied. The crossP1×P5was the best specific combiner for speed of emergence, germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, and seedling vigor index, the crossP2×P5for mean germination time, time of 50% germination, and seedling length, and the crossP4×P5for number of days to first germination. The germination percentage varied from 58.06 to 92.76% among the parents and 53.43 to 98.96% among the hybrids. The highest germination (98.96%) was observed in hybridP2×P4, and none of the hybrids or parents showed 100% germination. The highest germination index (GI) and seedling vigor index (SVI) were found in hybridP1×P5andP2×P5, respectively. The results of this study provide clue for the improvement ofJatrophavariety through breeding program.

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Vlaming, P., A. G. M. Gerats, H. Wiering, H. J. W. Wijsman, A. Cornu, E. Farcy, and D. Maizonnier. "Petunia hybrida." Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 3, no. 1-2 (March 1985): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02994730.

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Iamonico, Duilio. "Arenaria tenuifolia versus Arenaria hybrida (Caryophyllaceae): Nomenclatural study and taxonomic implications." Phytotaxa 173, no. 3 (June 27, 2014): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.3.6.

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The Linnaean name Arenaria tenuifolia (Caryophyllaceae) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at LINN (no. 585.36). To verify its identity, the names A. dichotoma (nom. illeg.), A. hybrida (currently Sabulina tenuifolia), A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. vaillantiana), Minuartia hybrida var. palaestina, M. hybrida var. parviflora, and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica) were investigated. Two iconography, one by Villars and a second by Vaillant are designated as lectotypes of A. hybrida, and A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana respectively. In addition, the holotypes of M. hybrida var. palaestina, M. hybrida var. parviflora, and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (basyonim of S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica) were examined at WU (var. parviflora) and E (var. palaestina, and subsp. turcica). The results show that Linnaeus’s 1753 A. tenuifolia, has priority over Villars’ 1779 A. hybrida. Therefore we here confirm the treatment of these two names by M. Dillenberger and J. Kadereit although neither name was typified by them. All of the above names are included in Sabulina. Since var. palaestina and var. parviflora have not yet transferred to Sabulina two new combinations are proposed herein, namely S. tenuifolia var. palaestina, and S. tenuifolia var. parviflora.

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Borge Robles, Ariadna. "L'identité hybride dans 'Tous les hommes désirent naturellement savoir' (2018) de Nina Bouraoui." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16859.

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Dans Tous les hommes désirent Naturellement savoir (2018) de Nina Bouraoui mène la recherche de son identité. Une identité hybride qui naît d’une nature lesbienne et qui se construit avec les expériences de l’enfance, en Algérie, et de l’adolescence, en France. Utilisant la mémoire, la narratrice effectue une recherche personnelle pour répondre à la question philosophique : « Qui suis-je ? ». Pour trouver la réponse, Bouraoui commence son écriture en présent, ce qui nous place dans le contexte de sa recherche et qui permet de comprendre l’argumentaire et la connexion thématique du livre. La division s’établit entre « Se souvenir », « Devenir », « Être » et « Connaître ». Le roman se termine en annonçant un avenir incertain et reflète un passé dont nous sommes tous héritiers. L’objectif de cet article, L’identité hybride dans 'Tous les hommes désirent naturellement savoir' (2018) de Nina Bouraoui, c’est de découvrir de quoi se compose l’identité de la narratrice.

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Alba Pagán, Ester, and Aneta Vasileva Ivanova. "Du côté de chez la nomade. La femme gitane : mythe, photographie et auto(re)présentation." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16871.

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L’article reflet une longue recherche sur la représentation sociale des gitanas (o romi espagnoles). L’un de nos outils d’analyse est la photographie dans le cadre de ses relations avec le régime de la politique visuelle préétablie. Dans ce cas, nous enquêtons sur la manière de construire l’image de l’Altérité faite par des artistes français qui ont visité l’Espagne plus ou moins impliqués dans le paradigme exotique. Plus tard, quelques tendances plastiques plus expérimentales ont essayé d’autres types de regard, non sans des difficultés. Le deuxième paramètre que nous avons utilisé était la réponse auto-représentative des femmes gitanes contemporaines. Nous avons développé et mené une série d’entretiens avec des représentantes de diverses organisations romani en Espagne (Valence). Il s’agit de femmes engagées dans la revisón critique de nombreux déterminants de leur vie. Leur réponses au sujet des deux fondements de la représentation, le langage et l’image, nous ont apportées une aide inestimable et de nombreuses surprises.

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Coste, Marion. "La « féminitude » de Calixthe Beyala : négociation identitaire, entre négritude et féminisme." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16872.

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Cet article se concentre sur la notion de « féminitude », développée par l’écrivaine franco-camerounaise Calixthe Beyala dans Lettre d’une Africaine à ses sœurs occidentales, en associant les notions de « négritude » et de « féminisme ». On montrera que Beyala promeut un féminisme qui essentialise à la fois les femmes et les Subsahariens, ces deux groupes qui auraient, d’après l’autrice, un rapport sensible et intuitif au monde, par opposition avec le féminisme occidental que Beyala juge trop intellectualisant. Ensuite, nous analyserons deux romans, Le Petit Prince de Belleville et Maman a un amant pour comprendre les spécificités des problématiques féministes qui se posent aux personnages d’immigrées subsahariennes en France : Maryam doit accepter une organisation misogyne de la famille pour avoir le droit symbolique d’appartenir à la communauté immigrée. Si elle refuse cette organisation, elle court le risque d’être exclue et de perdre ses enfants. Enfin, nous étudierons les lacunes du dialogue avec le féminisme occidental incarné par Mme Saddock.

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Hung, Shiau-Ting. "Les métamorphoses de l’identité et l’absence du sujet dans 'Espèces' de Ying Chen." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16875.

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Cet article vise à démontrer, en évaluant l’enjeu de la métamorphose et la question identitaire du sujet romanesque, l’importance de la notion de dualité pour les études sur l’écriture de Ying Chen. Mettant en dialogue Espèces (Ying, 2013), avec les théories sur la construction du sujet dans le contexte de la diaspora avec la conception de soi dans le discours philosophique et féministe, l’auteure tente de montrer l’articulation du récit de soi dans la traversée du corps, du langage, et de l’espace temporel dans le monde de fiction. La construction d’identité implique aussi bien la distanciation du réel, et tente d’accéder à l’hybridation de l’identité du sujet au sein du monde de la fiction.

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Najjar, Zeina. "La Sexualité, le Genre et l’Autre, dans les romans de Michel Houellebecq." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16876.

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Dans cet article nous essayons d’analyser comment Houellebecq racialise les référents de certains concepts tels que : « race », « culture », « espèce », « ethnicité ». Dans ses romans, il décrit l’organisation sociale de la communauté humaine, comme un lieu de tension où se fondent les structures sociales de la société de consommation contemporaine. Il peint le paysage de l’imaginaire social de la sexualité et du genre qui est à l’origine de pratiques, mentalités, tendances, fantaisies et imagination, lesquelles nous invitent à déchiffrer un positionnement idéologique qui d’abord, présente en termes d’intempérance, la vie sexuelle dans la société, et ensuite, installe des aspects variés de la discrimination : occidental/ non-occidental, male / femelle.

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Tremblais, Mathilde. "Subversions des genres et désirs non normatifs dans l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16877.

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Cet article propose de s’intéresser à l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel, une écrivaine belge contemporaine qui met en scène dans ses récits des désirs subversifs et des sexualités non normées. Le domaine de la littérature intime dans lequel l’auteure inscrit ses textes ainsi que le narratif qui sert d’espace performatif du genre seront étudiés. Une réflexion sera accordée à la construction du corps androgyne dont s’est dotée Nathalie Gassel et qui conditionne l’écriture qu’elle pratique. Cet article aborde les problématiques que le transgenre suscite chez l’auteure et a comme objectif de mettre en relief les représentations inédites du désir et les affections non normatives qui confèrent sa singularité à l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel.

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Unter Ecker, Marjolaine. "Traversées féminines de l’Atlantique noir, dans des œuvres de Fabienne Kanor et de Léonora Miano." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16878.

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Fabienne Kanor et Léonora Miano, auteures afro-descendantes d’expression française, explorent dans leurs œuvres l’Atlantique noir (Gilroy, 1993). Celui-ci dépasse les frontières traditionnellement établies, puisque s’y produisent de nombreuses circulations et que les identités et les cultures qui s’y déploient se définissent par l’hybridité ; aussi, on peut s’interroger sur les capacités émancipatrices que cet espace propose pour les catégories de races et de genres. C’est ce que cet article se propose d’étudier, à travers une étude littéraire portant sur un corpus constitué d’un recueil de textes pour la scène, Red in blue trilogie (Miano, 2015) et d’un roman, Humus (Kanor, 2006). Ceux-ci re-localisent les discours historiques sur l’esclavage, notamment en les ancrant dans les récits des vécus et des expériences intimes de personnages féminins, participant de ce fait du projet de « contre-culture de la modernité » qu’est celui de l’Atlantique noir.

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Bourcier, Sam. "L’histoire de Juan: archives orales et performance." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16882.

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Cet article s’intéresse aux rapports entre archive et performance à partir des performances des travailleur·e·s du sexe. Il montre comment l’auto-archive prend une dimension collective et communicationnelle à partir d’une performance réalisée par Juan Florian Silva et Koriangelis Brawns au festival du SNAP qui s’est déroulé à Paris en 2019. Cet usage de la performance participe d’un remembering actif plutôt que de la simple mémoire. Il est incarné, performatif et collectif. Il brise avec la chaîne de production de l’archive traditionnelle. Il permet la création d’archives en boucles et la multiplication des circuits de diffusion et de production d’archives, de foyers d’archives sans se confondre avec les politiques de la visibilité unidimensionnelle des années 90.

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Pujante González, Domingo. "Ouverture : éloge de l’intersection." HYBRIDA, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.19288.

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Pujante González, Domingo. "Ouverture : Solstice d’été." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.21237.

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Kefalidou, Charikleia Magdalini. "Transgression et hybridité dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain franco-arménien Denis Donikian." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20654.

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L’article traite des transgressions et des hybridations formelles mais aussi thématiques dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain franco-arménien Denis Donikian. Son identité franco-arménienne et son héritage du génocide et de l’exil ont profondément influencé son œuvre qui est vouée à pallier le malaise provoqué par une histoire fracturée, à travers une activité artistique et littéraire plurielle et expérimentale qui explicite l’existence d’un dialogue permanent entre textes et entre cultures qui anime l’existence et la créativité humaines.

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Fraissard, Florian. "Quand les applications mobiles s’invitent dans la fiction : la littérature gay « grindrisée »." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20658.

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Nous nous proposons d’étudier le lien entre littérature et nouvelles technologies à travers la question de l’intégration des applications mobiles au sein de la création littéraire gay des années 2010. L’image et le fantasme occupent une place prépondérante au sein de cette nouvelle technologie. Leur insertion dans le champ littéraire conduit à redéfinir les rapports à l’image, à soi et à la fiction littéraire. Les applications semblent donc être un facteur de mutabilité textuelle dans la mesure où elles modifient un certain nombre de codes littéraires faisant de la littérature gay un espace « grindrisé ».

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Tchokothe, Rémi Armand. "Mariama Bâ et Djaïli Amadou Amal : Une si Longue Lettre des (Im)patientes." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20603.

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Cette contribution « Mariama Bâ et Djaïli Amadou Amal : Une si Longue Lettre des (Im)patientes » relit/relie le classique Une si longue lettre (1980) de la Sénégalaise Mariama Bâ à travers le prisme de l’inter-actualité avec Les Impatientes (2020) de la Camerounaise Djaïli Amadou Amal. Nous mettons l’accent sur les synergies 1. Philosophico-lexicale (des mots du pulaaku sur les maux de la polygamie). 2. D’itinéraire littéraire. 3. Narratologique (voix et voies des (im)patientes) et 4. Stylistique (lettre contée munyalement comme thérapie libératrice et émancipatrice). Nous insistons néanmoins sur Les Impatientes car on ne compte plus les travaux publiés sur Une Si Longue Lettre, alors qu’on ne trouve que quelques entretiens dans les médias avec Djaïli Amadou Amal. Cet article s’appuie sur une philosophie/théorie proposée par Les Impatientes pour étudier le statu quo sur le sort des femmes dans deux contextes musulmans, le Munyal (« patience »). Par ailleurs, il contribue à la constitution d’un corpus critique sur l’œuvre d’une voix littéraire féminine émergente au Cameroun.

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Boutoux, Corentin. "Les mutations des relations entre auteurs et éditeurs littéraires à l’ère du numérique : une crise de l’autorité ?" HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20659.

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Depuis l’apparition de la figure moderne de l’éditeur au début du XIXème siècle, la nature des relations entre les auteurs et le champ de production des œuvres littéraires a été le fruit d’innombrables débats. Entre le créateur et celui qui transforme l’œuvre en produit commercialisable, qui détient quelle autorité ? La transformation de l’édition en industrie culturelle semble avoir relégué l’auteur à la seconde place et l’avoir inscrit dans une longue histoire de domination, tout en étant l’instigateur de sa légitimité et le moteur de sa reconnaissance. Le développement de l’informatique et des technologies numériques entraîne de nouvelles mutations du marché du livre. Alors que les acteurs institués adoptent progressivement le recours à ces nouveaux outils pour entériner leur domination, des circuits parallèles se mettent en place, à la périphérie du pouvoir. A l’heure actuelle, que devient le rapport de cet auteur à ces constructions instituées ? Sa place est-elle renégociée ?

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Ségard, Arthur. "Logogriphes. Réflexions sur l’illisibilité des corps comme stratégie politique." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20653.

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Après avoir établi que le corps s’inscrit dans un système de signification, cet article propose une analyse diachronique de plusieurs corps qui ont été perçus ou se sont présentés comme « illisibles » : le corps de Vellini, femme indépendante et mystérieuse au cœur du roman Une vieille maîtresse de Barbey d’Aurevilly, le corps des « monstres et prodiges » observés par Ambroise Paré au XVIe siècle, et le corps du philosophe Paul B. Preciado, qu’il place au cœur de sa démarche théorique et politique depuis 2005. Parce qu’ils échappent aux structures sociales qui cherchent à les interpréter, à les classifier ou à les normaliser, ces corps ont tous été qualifiés de monstrueux. En mettant en évidence l’origine sociale de cette désignation, cet article interroge les usages politiques possibles de cette « illisibilité », et notamment sa réappropriation par des groupes marginalisés.

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Ádám, Anikó. "Mutatis mutandi…" HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.21220.

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Abdelali, Farah. "La rencontre entre la culture marocaine et la culture française et son impact sur le conte populaire marocain." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20652.

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Cet article étudie les traits d’une hybridité culturelle, relevés lors de la présentation d’un conte marocain revisité, dans le cadre d’un festival international du conte organisé en France. Nous montrons dans la première partie que, pour répondre aux exigences de cette notion, le conteur a eu recours à des symboles reconnaissables par le public et à d’autres traits qui ont un sens presque similaire dans sa culture d’origine et dans celle du pays d’accueil. La seconde partie montre que tout comme le texte, les gestes, le costume, la gestion de l’espace et même la durée du conte ont été soumis à la particularité de ce contexte interculturel. Dans la dernière partie, nous soulignons que malgré les efforts fournis par le conteur pour construire un pont entre sa culture et celle de son public, des contraintes linguistiques et sémantiques s’imposent au moment de la narration.

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Bodo, Bidy Cyprien. "Des fondements transculturels du picaresque au débat terminologique : du picaresque au picarisme ?" HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20592.

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Cette étude est une réflexion sur les raisons qui fondent la transculturalité du picaresque. Elle explique pourquoi la culture et l’écriture picaresques sont en capacité d’aller de part en part des frontières littéraires et géographiques. Dans cette optique, l’analyse interroge les fondements du picaresque. Il en ressort, d’une part, que la poétique picaresque s’inspire du conte qui est une pratique culturelle et littéraire transculturelle. D’autre part, le déclencheur du picaresque, l’inégalité sociale, est également propre à l’humanité et donc transfrontalière. En conséquence, l’étude soutient que le picaresque doit (aussi) sa transculturalité au conte et à l’injustice sociale qui le fondent et qui sont, eux-mêmes, intrinsèquement transculturels. Cette approche revisite la piste de l’influence souvent convoquée dans les études sur la pratique du picaresque hors d’Espagne ou d’Europe. Elle propose l’idée de l’existence d’une ressemblance sans contact qui implique un débat terminologique que cette réflexion ne manque pas de mener pour aboutir à une suggestion terminologique : le picarisme.

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Delodder, Maxim. "Les mutations « monstrueuses » du genre. La formation de soi dans l’œuvre d’Édouard Louis." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20602.

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L’analyse s’intéresse aux textes d’Édouard Louis à travers le prisme de deux approches de « genre ». D’abord, on introduit le roman d’apprentissage, ou le Bildungsroman, qui raconte l’histoire d’un héros en quête de sa place dans le monde. Ensuite, la problématique du genre littéraire se joint à celle du genre dans le sens de gender. Partant de la théorie de la performativité de Judith Butler, nous envisageons le parcours d’un personnage de fiction comme une recherche de la performance de genre non-problématique. Édouard échappe à la masculinité ouvrière et bourgeoise, en passant par un stade d’homonormativité. Nous suggérons que la performance la plus efficace est celle qui va à l’encontre de la normativité hétérosexuelle, autrement dit, celle du « monstre ».

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Verstichel-Boulanger, Eolia. "Le processus scriptural nothombien : une identité hybride." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20637.

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Cet article vise à montrer les raisons pour lesquelles l’œuvre d’Amélie Nothomb échappe à la classification. L’œuvre d’Amélie Nothomb ne correspond pas à l’expérience esthétique antérieure car sa production littéraire montre une évolution de celle-ci par le croisement de plusieurs concepts et de plusieurs registres. Son œuvre n’est donc que mutation et hybridation tant dans sa forme que dans son contenu. De plus, sa production littéraire remodèle des concepts comme celui de la transfictionnalité, ce qui crée des caractéristiques et une identité qui sont propres à Amélie Nothomb.

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Duval, Marine. "Fantômes contemporains, mue du roman." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20644.

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Le présent article entend s’intéresser aux liens qui peuvent se nouer entre la question de la spectralité dans le roman contemporain et la notion de mutation. Étymologiquement, la mutation résulte de la combinaison entre un mouvement externe – physique, géographique – et un mouvement interne – le bouleversement, la métamorphose –, double mouvement que les spectres des romans d’Isaac Rosa ¡Otra maldita novela sobre la guerra civil! (2007), de Jesmyn Ward Sing, Unburied, Sing (2017) et de Catherine Mavrikakis Le Ciel de Bay city (2008) incarnent et mettent au service d’une réflexion individuelle sur le sens et l’identité du littéraire confrontés à l’Historicité de la fiction.

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Saint-Martin, Lori. "Miss Scarlet, dans la bibliothèque, avec une mitrailleuse." HYBRIDA, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.21221.

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Kwon, Nam Hee, Yu Rim Lee, Hee Seung Kim, Jae Chul Cheong, and Jin Young Kim. "Hybrid Solid-Phase Extraction for Selective Determination of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Dyed Hair by Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 24, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132501.

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Sample preparation is an important step in the isolation of target compounds from complex matrices to perform their reliable and accurate analysis. Hair samples are commonly pulverized or processed as fine cut, depending on preference, before extraction by techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid–liquid extraction, and other methods. In this study, a method based on hybrid solid-phase extraction (hybridSPE) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed and validated for the determination of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) in hair. The hair samples were mechanically pulverized after washing with de-ionized water and acetone. The samples were then sonicated in methanol at 50 °C for 1 h and centrifuged at 50,000× g for 3 min. The supernatants were transferred onto the hybridSPE cartridge and extracted using 1 mL of 0.05 M methanolic hydrogen chloride. The combined solutions were evaporated to dryness, derivatized using pentafluoropropionic anhydride, and analyzed by GC–MS. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9998) was achieved in the ranges of 0.05–5.0 ng/mg for AP and 0.1–10.0 ng/mg for MA. The recovery was 83.4–96.8%. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were −9.4% to 5.5% and −5.1% to 3.1%, while the intra- and inter-day precisions were within 8.3% and 6.7%, respectively. The limits of detections were 0.016 ng/mg for AP and 0.031 ng/mg for MA. The validated hybridSPE method was applied to dyed hair for MA and AP extraction and compared to a methanol extraction method currently being used in our laboratory. The results showed that an additional hybridSPE step improved the recovery by 5.7% for low-concentration quality control (QC) samples and by 24.1% for high-concentration QC samples. Additionally, the hybridSPE method was compared to polymeric reversed-phase SPE methods, and the absolute recoveries for hybridSPE were 50% and 20% greater for AP (1.5 ng/mg) and MA (3.0 ng/mg), respectively. In short, the hybridSPE technique was shown to minimize the matrix effects, improving GC–MS analysis of hair. Based on the results, the proposed method proved to be effective for the selective determination of MA and AP in hair samples.

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Al-Tai, Sadeq S. Kareem, and Sahar A. A. Malik Al-Saadi. "A Cytotaxonomic study on Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Iraq." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (September 18, 2019): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.161.

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Chromosome count, karyotypic character analysis, meiotic studies, monoploid karyograms and ideograms were performed in six taxa of Minuartia growing in Iraq (M. hamata, M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, M. intermedia, M. meyeri, M. picta and M. hybrida subsp. turcica). Species of M. hamata and M. meyeri showed 2n=2x=30 chromosome number, while M. hybrida subsp. hybrida and M. intermedia were diploid (26). The chromosome number (n=x) of six species was studied, and was found to be n=15 in M. hamata and M. meyeri, 13 in M. hybrida and M. intermedia, while in M. picta we recorded values of n= 11 and 14. Karyotype analysis of this species was first carried out in our study. Analysis of metaphases showed that the karyotype formula was mainly metacentric, submetacentric, and sub acrocentric. The sizes of the chromosomes were mainly small and very small. The course of meiosis varied from normal to abnormal. Abnormal microsporogenesis formation of two bridge chromosomes was detected in M. hamata and one bridge chromosome in M. intermedia and M. meyeri. Formation of laggard’s chromosomes was detected in M. hamata, M. meyeri and M. intermedia. As well as ring chromosome was showed in M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, also, some cells contain triad cell in metaphase stage instead four cells, as well as founded cell, contains two nuclei in same species which led to reduced pollen fertility and differences in pollen grain size.

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Borissova, A., V. Tsolova, V. Angeliev, and A. Atanassov. "Somatic Embryogenesis ofRosa HybridaL." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 14, no. 2 (January 2000): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2000.10819087.

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Ribeiro, Jessica, Vanessa Silva, Alfredo Aires, Rosa Carvalho, Gilberto Igrejas, and Patrícia Poeta. "Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Platanus hybrida: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era." Proceedings 66, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020066018.

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Multidrug-resistant bacteria are a significant threat to public health and new classes of antibiotics and approaches to treatment are needed. Several studies have shown that natural plant-derived compounds could be a promising mean to fight microbial resistance but only a few were conducted with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extract phenolic compounds from the leaves, fruits, and tree trunk of Platanus hybrida and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. The polyphenolic compounds were extracted using a water/ethanol (20:80) mixture. Two grams of powder of each sample was extracted with 100 mL of solvent by stirring for 2h. The extracts were redissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a final concentration of 100 mg/mL. An antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and was tested against ten different bacteria: Listeria monocytes, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The fruits had the highest antibacterial activity showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10mg/mL, contrary to the tree trunk that showed the lowest antibacterial activity. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial properties against S. enteritidis, E. faecium and E. faecalis. These results show that P. hybrida’s phenolic compounds act as antibacterial agents, which may become useful therapeutic tools and represent a source for the development of novel antimicrobials. However, they were not effective against all bacteria, which shows that polyphenols alone might not substitute antibiotics.

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Tseng, Yu-Hsin, and Jer-Ming Hu. "A new hybrid from Taiwan, Elatostema ×hybrida (Urticaceae), is the first confirmed natural hybrid for Urticaceae." Phytotaxa 161, no. 1 (February 20, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.1.2.

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Explosive pollen dispersal is common in Urticaceae and they are thought to be wind-pollinated. Despite a lack of obvious mechanism for preventing cross-species pollination, putative hybrid species in Urticaceae are rarely documented. Here we described the first natural hybrid in Urticaceae Elatostema ×hybrida from Taiwan. Morphological characters in E. ×hybrida are intermediate between putative parental species: E. lineolatum var. majus and E. platyphylloides. Six hybrid populations of E. ×hybrida were found in Taiwan that exhibited largely overlapping distribution patterns with its putative parents. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that the hybrid species is more closely related to E. lineolatum var. majus suggesting that the latter is the maternal parent and that hybridization is unidirectional. The chromosome number of E. ×hybrida remains the same as its putative parents (2n = 26). We speculate that the examined hybrids are natural first-generation results of independent hybridization events. Based on the morphology, spatial distribution, DNA sequence data, pollen viability and cytological observations, we hypothesize that E. ×hybrida is derived from natural hybridization events between E. lineolatum var. majus (♀) and E. platyphylloides (♂).

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Panfilova, O. F., and N. V. Pilshchikova. "PRESERVATION OF DECORATIVE QUALITIES OF CUT ROSES (ROSA HYBRIDA)." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 57, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2019-57-102-109.

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Kohno, Kentaro. "102. HybridFRP-Board Using Plate-heater." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 47, no. 8 (1991): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003323846.

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Rewicz, Tomasz, and Radomir Jaskuła. "Catch fast and kill quickly: do tiger beetles use the same strategies when hunting different types of prey?" PeerJ 6 (November 21, 2018): e5971. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5971.

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BackgroundTiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are fast running predatory insects preying on different small insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Prey is located by sight and captured after short and fast pursuit interspersed with pause-and-look behaviour. At least some tiger beetle species can recognise the size and location of prey using memory, which probably allows them to achieve greater hunting success.Material and MethodsTwo eurytopic tiger beetle species known to occur in different types of habitat were used in the study:Cicindela hybrida hybrida, a very common central European beetle found even in artificial habitats such as sandy roads or gravel pits, andCalomera littoralis nemoralis, a species widely distributed in southern European countries and occurring on sandy sea beaches, in salt marshes, as well as on sandy banks of rivers and lakes. Both species are very similar in body size. Specimens used in the study were collected in the field and later tested in the laboratory. We checked whether tiger beetles use different hunting strategies when attacking prey of different sizes and abilities to escape as well as whether the sex of the studied species makes a difference in its hunting behaviour.ResultsThe hunting strategies of both tiger beetle species consist of the following main phases: identification, pursuit (often with stops), attack, and optional release of the prey, and then the secondary attack, abandonment of the prey, or consumption of the prey. Considerable differences were noticed in hunting behaviour depending on the type of prey, its movement ability and escape potential. Caterpillars were attacked without pursuit, in the head or directly behind the head where a concentration of nerves and main muscles responsible for walking are located. Effective attacks on beetles were executed at the connection between the thorax and the abdomen.Calomera littoralisstrongly preferred slow moving prey, whileCicindela hybridapreferred in equal measure slow moving prey and medium-sized fast moving prey. The experiment on the preferred size of prey indicated small beetles and small caterpillars as favoured byCalomera littoralis, whileCicindela hybridapreferred medium-sized fast moving prey and large caterpillars.DiscussionThe hunting behaviour ofCalomera littoralisandCicindela hybridais complicated and includes a number of phases allowing to locate, capture and kill the prey. Beetles are able to discriminate between different types of prey and apply different behavioural tactics to hunt it. As the particular strategies are used to increase hunting success, and as a result allow to accumulate energy for future activity of the predator, it can be expected that such a type of hunting behaviour is characteristic also of other tiger beetle species.

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Santana, Maria Tays Pereira, Thallita Alves dos Santos, Lucas Linhares Gomes, Maria Angélica Sátyro Gomes Alves, Paula Lima Nogueira, Maria Vitoria Oliveira Dantas, Quemuel Pereira da Silva, et al. "Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Lavandula hybrida Grosso associado á cefalotina contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e47110212682. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12682.

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O presente estudo busca avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso quando associado ao antimicrobiano cefalotina contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus. O caráter antibacteriano do óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso foi quantificado e qualificado pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo para a obtenção da CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima). Em seguida, realizou-se a associação do óleo essencial com o antimicrobiano cefalotina (10 μg/mL). A CIM (Concentração Inibitória Minima) foi de 128 μg/mL para a cepa em análise. Quanto a associação, foi observado um efeito sinérgico ao se associar a cefalotina com o óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso. Portanto, observou-se um efeito sinérgico do óleo essencial de Lavandula Hybrida Grosso associado a cefalotina contra cepas patogênicas de S. aureus potencializando sua ação farmacológica antibacteriana. A aplicabilidade da fitoterapia a partir dos compostos provenientes das plantas medicinais se mostra promissora em relação ao tratamento de infecções de caráter bacteriano, colaborando de forma positiva e em conjunto com as terapias convencionais.

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Sedelnikova, Lyudmila Leonidovna, and Oksana Leonidovna Tsandekova. "THE SPECIFIC CONTENT AND ASH CONTENT OF SOME BIOGENIC ELEMENTS (N, S, P) IN LEAVES OF HER-BACEOUS PLANTS IN THE CITY OF ISKITIM OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021018413.

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The article presents comparative data on the content of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, ash in the leaves of perennial and annual ornamental plants, such as-Hemerocallis hybrida, Iris hybrida, Hosta lancifolia, Salvia splendens, Tagetis patula, Senecio cineraria, Gatsania hybrida, Alyssum hybrida, grown in flower beds near road and industrial zones of the city. Iskitim's. The change in the concentration of substances within each type is shown in the direction of increasing indicators in the series: S<P<N< - ash. The specificity of the content of elements for each type is revealed. It was found that the content of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and ash in these plants differs by ambiguous indicators in an urbanized environment. It was determined that in the flower beds of industrial zones, the nitrogen content in the leaves of annual plants such as alissum, Salvia splendens, Senecio cineraria was 6–11 times higher compared to sulfur and phosphorus. It was found that the nitrogen concentration is 2.5–3 times lower in perennial plants compared to annual ones. In the leaves of Hemerocallis hybrida, growing 50 m from the road, the ratio of S:P:N, sulfur is 1.5 times higher than in plants growing 100 m from the road. It was found that the distribution of sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and ash in the leaves is species-specific.

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Ribeiro-Júnior, N. G., A. P. R. Ariano, and I. V. Silva. "Death of pastures syndrome: tissue changes in Urochloa hybrida cv. Mulato II and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 1 (March 2017): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.10715.

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Abstract The quality of forage production is a prerequisite to raising livestock. Therefore, income losses in this activity, primarily cattle raising, can result in the impossibility of economic activity. Through the qualitative and quantitative anatomical study of Urochloa hybrida cv. Mulato II and U. brizantha cv. Marandu, we searched for descriptions and compared changes in the individual vegetative body from populations with death syndrome pastures (DPS). Specimens were collected at different physiological stages from farms in northern Mato Grosso. After collection, the individuals were fixed in FAA50 and stored in 70% alcohol. Histological slides were prepared from the middle third of the sections of roots, rhizomes, and leaves, and the proportions and characteristics of tissues were evaluated in healthy, intermediate, and advanced stages of DPS. Changes were compared between cultivars. With the advancement of the syndrome, the following changes were observed: a more marked decrease in the length of roots in U. hybrida; disorganization of the cortical region of the roots and rhizome cultivars; fungal hyphae in roots and aerenchyma formation in U. hybrida; a decrease in sclerenchyma fiber proportions in roots and leaves; sclerification of the epidermis of U. brizantha rhizomes; and an increase in pericyclic fibers in U. hybrida. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the volume of epidermal cells of the abaxial face of the leaves of both cultivars, with a greater reduction in U. hybrida; a gradual decrease in thickness in the midrib of leaves similar to leaf mesophyll; conduction system obstructions; partial or total cell lysis in roots and rhizomes affected by the syndrome. Obstructions in sieve tube element and companion cells, and sometimes obstruction in xylem vessel elements. The evolution of DPS in cultivars was similar, but there were variations, arising probably from the physiological response to stress, such as aerenchyma formation in the root and increased pericycle in the rhizome of U. hybrida.

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Jones, Rodney B., and Megan Hill. "The Effect of Germicides on the Longevity of Cut Flowers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 3 (May 1993): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.3.350.

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The effect of DICA (50 mg·liter-1), BCDMH (12 mg available chlorine/liter), and HQC (250 mg-liter]) on the longevity of 14 popular cut flower species was assessed. Longevity was significantly extended in: Rosa hybrida L. `Gabrielle' and Scilla campanulata L. Squill. by all germicides; Lilium parkmannii L. `Nepal', Gerbera jamesonii L. `Mercy', and Narcissus tazetta L. `Fortune' by DICA and BCDMH; Gypsophila paniculata L. `R22' by DICA and HQC; and Freesia hybrida Eckl. ex Klatt `White Bergunden' by BCDMH. No effect on longevity was found in Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat) Kitamura. `Horim', Dianthus caryophyllus L. `Medea', Dianthus barbatus L., Iris hollandica L. `Pearl', and Gerbera jamesonii L. `Double Delight'. Longevity was significantly reduced by DICA in Alstroemeria aurantiaca L. `Mona Lisa' and Tulipa hybrida L. `Apeldoorn'. Analysis of microbial concentrations showed that proliferation was effectively controlled by DICA and BCDMH, but not by HQC. Levels of up to 106 cfu·ml-1 were detected in water, indicating that species not affected by germicides can tolerate these microbial quantities. Fresh weight and solution uptake data indicated that germicides acted primarily by improving solution uptake. Longevity was significantly reduced in R. hybrida `Gabrielle' and D. caryophyllus `Medea' flowers placed in solutions containing high counts of microorganisms (>108 cfu·ml-1) isolated from D. caryophyllus or R. hybrida. Chemical names used: 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH); sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA); 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC).

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Tevfik, A. Sh. "THE PECULIARITIES OF CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF CANNA GARDEN (Canna × Hybrida hort.)." Biotechnologia acta 7, no. 5 (2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech7.05.071.

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41

MARCHANT, R. "Biolistic Transformation of Rose (Rosa hybridaL.)." Annals of Botany 81, no. 1 (January 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1997.0538.

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Pak, Chun-Ho, and Chiwon W. Lee. "MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY IN PETUNIA HYBRIDA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 687e—687. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.687e.

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Foliar micronutrient toxicity symptoms of Petunia hybrida `Ultra Crimson Star' were induced by elevated levels (from 0.25 to 6 mM) of boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) in the nutrient solution. Foliar toxicity symptoms of most micronutrients (except Fe) were characterized by leaf yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, and marginal necrosis. Mo toxicity was most severe. Leaf abnormality was not induced by Fe in the concentration range tested. Visible foliar toxicity symptoms developed when nutrient solution contained 5.4, 32, 28, 24, and 16 mg· liter-1, respectively, of B, Cu, Mn, Mo and Zn. Biomass yield was reduced when the fertilizer solution contained (in mg· liter-1): 22 B, 64 Cu, 335 Fe, 28 Mn, 24 Mo, and 33 Zn.

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Okasaka, Mamoru, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Olimjon K. Kodzhimatov, Ozodbek Ashurmetov, and Yoshihisa Takaishi. "Monoterpene glycosides from Paeonia hybrida." Phytochemistry 69, no. 8 (May 2008): 1767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.016.

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Lee, Chiwon W., Chun‐Ho Pak, Jong‐Myung Choi, and James R. Self. "Induced micronutrient toxicity inPetunia hybrida∗." Journal of Plant Nutrition 15, no. 3 (March 1992): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169209364322.

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Shingu, Kazushi, Hiroshi Fujii, Kouichi Mizuki, Ikuhiko Ueda, Shoji Yahara, and Toshihiro Nohara. "Ergostane glycosides from Petunia hybrida." Phytochemistry 36, no. 5 (August 1994): 1307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89657-0.

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Elliger, Carl A., Mabry Benson, Robert E. Lundin, and Anthony C. Waiss. "Minor petuniasterones from Petunia hybrida." Phytochemistry 27, no. 11 (January 1988): 3597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80775-1.

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47

Lei, Ting, Yang Song, Xuehua Jin, Tianyu Su, and Yiwen Pu. "Effects of Pigment Constituents and Their Distribution on Spathe Coloration of Zantedeschia hybrida." HortScience 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12229-17.

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The plant Zantedeschia hybrida is colorful and suitable for cut flowers and potted plants. This study employed a colorimetric method for the determination of spathe color phenotypes in 27 Z. hybrida cultivars and classified them into six major color classes. To characterize the coloration mechanism of the Z. hybrida spathe, this study explored the main colorants and pigment distribution using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography/hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS), and tissue sections. The results showed that flavonoids were colorants in the spathes of different color groups and that cyanidin (Cy) was the main colorant, whereas carotenoids were not detected in the spathe. Total anthocyanin (TA) content was negatively correlated with lightness (L*) of coloration, such that a spathe with a higher TA and thicker pigmented cell layer showed a deeper color; however, there was no correlation between deep coloration in a spathe and flattened upper epidermal cells. The difference in TA was the main reason for the color variation among Z. hybrida of different color groups, whereas the total flavones and flavonols (TF) played a key role in the coloration of the orange and yellow group.

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Faust, James E., and Larry W. Grimes. "Pinch Height of Stock Plants during Scaffold Development Affects Cutting Production." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.650.

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Stock plants of six herbaceous species (Antirrhinum ×hybrida `Primrose with Vein' L., Chrysocephalum apiculatum `Golden Buttons', Diascia ×hybrida `Sunchimes Coral' Link & Otto, Lavendula dentata `Serenity' L., Osteospermum ×hybrida `Zulu' L., and Verbena ×hybrida `Lanai Bright Pink' L.) received nine different pinch treatments. Stock plants received a first pinch treatment at one of three pinch heights [low (L1), middle (M1), and high (H1)] followed by a second pinch at one of three pinch heights [low (L2), middle (M2), and high (H2)] in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. After the two pinches, cuttings were removed weekly from the stock plants. Cutting yield per stock plant increased as pinch height increased from L to H for both the first and second pinch for all species. A low first pinch followed by a low second pinch (L1L2) produced stock plants with the lowest cutting yield, while a high first pinch followed by a high second pinch (H1H2) produced the stock plants with the highest cutting yield for all species, e.g., the percentage increase in cutting yield was 133% for Antirrhinum, 98% for Chrysocephalum, 144% for Diascia, 80% for Lavendula, 250% for Osteospermum, and 44% for Verbena. This study suggests that pinch height during scaffold development of the stock plant is an important tool for increasing cutting production.

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Richer-Leclerc, C., J. Côté, J. A. Rioux, and R. Drapeau. "Caractérisation du potentiel de rusticité de sept arbustes ornementaux en fonction de l'intensité des dommages hivernaux." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-092.

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The winter-hardiness of seven ornamental shrub species was characterized based on their ability to regenerate and to maintain their ornamental characteristics following winter damage. Lonicera involucrata and Weigela hybrida 'Brystol Ruby' reached full ornamental expression in zone 5b of the Canadian Climatic Classification System, while Cotoneaster dammeri 'Skogholm', Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle, Kerria japonica, Rosa multiflora and Weigela florida 'Variegata' required warmer conditions. Rosa multiflora and Lonicera involucrata survived in zone 2a, Weigela hybrida 'Brystol Ruby' in zone 2b and the other species m zones 3 or 4. The partial expression of ornamental characteristics restricted the utilization of Lonicera involucrata to zone 2a, of Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle' to zone 2b and of Cotoneaster dammeri 'Skogholm' and Weigela hybrida 'Brystol Ruby' to zone 4. Rosa multiflora Weigela florida 'Variegata' and Kerria japonica both received two classifications based on the expression of different ornamental characteristics. Key words: Winter damage, survival, ornamental shrubs, growth

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Blanchard, Matthew G., and Erik S. Runkle. "Dipping Bedding Plant Liners in Paclobutrazol or Uniconazole Inhibits Subsequent Stem Extension." HortTechnology 17, no. 2 (April 2007): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.2.178.

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An increasingly popular technique for applying plant growth regulators (PGRs) to floriculture crops is to dip or soak the root medium of a transplant in a chemical solution before transplanting. This PGR application method, termed a “liner dip,” can be an effective height-control strategy for greenhouse crop production. However, few studies have quantified how bedding plant species respond to different chemicals and application rates. Argyranthemum (Argyranthemum ×hybrida ‘Sunlight’), calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrida ‘Callie Dark Blue’), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Cascadias Vivid Red’), scaevola (Scaevola albida ‘Jacob's White’), and verbena (Verbena ×hybrida ‘Rapunzel Red’) liners were dipped in paclobutrazol at 4, 8, or 16 mg·L−1 or in uniconazole at 2, 4, or 8 mg·L−1 for 30 seconds and subsequently transplanted into 4.5-inch-diameter round pots. At 28 days after transplant, all rates of paclobutrazol and uniconazole inhibited subsequent stem elongation by 21% to 67% in calibrachoa, petunia, scaevola, and verbena. In argyranthemum, stems were 33% to 42% shorter in plants treated with paclobutrazol at 8 or 16 mg·L−1 or uniconazole at all rates. In some species, the liner dip delayed flowering and reduced flower number compared with that of nontreated plants. This pretransplant PGR application technique can be useful on vigorous ornamental species when grown together in the same container with less aggressive species without a PGR application.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybridapp'

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