Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hybridities'

This thesis is concerned with how hybridity is created and interpreted by Herman Charles Bosman in his fiction and non-fiction. Bosman was a gifted writer and raconteur who captured the historical, socio-political context of his time by translating Afrikaans culture for the edification and pleasure of an English readership. Hennie Aucamp summed up this linguistic and cultural translation by pointing out that Bosman was a writer who acted as a “verbindingsteken” or hyphen (65) between Afrikaans and English. His texts contain many voices, and are therefore essentially hybrid. Firstly, by drawing on aspects of postcolonial theory, the terms ‘hybridity’, ‘culture’ and ‘identity’, are discussed. Homi Bhabha’s notion of ‘hybridity’ is the conceptual lens through which Bosman’s texts are viewed, and aspects of Mikhail Bakhtin’s cultural theory also serve the same function. Thereafter, biographies of Bosman are discussed in an effort to understand his hyphenated identity. Following this, specific attention is paid to a selection of Bosman’s essays, short stories, and a novel. Scholarly opinions aid interpretation of levels of hybridity in Bosman’s work. In analysing Bosman’s texts critically, it becomes clear that he believed in a united South Africa that acknowledged and accepted all races. However, analysis also reveals that there are some inconsistencies in Bosman’s personal views, as expressed particularly in his essays. His short stories do not contain the same contradictions. Critical analysis of the novel Willemsdorp attests that cultural hybridity is not always viewed as celebratory. It can also be a painful space where identities are split, living both inside and outside their environment, and subsequently marginalized. Bosman’s texts, although published decades ago, remain relevant today in post-apartheid South Africa as much of his writing can be seen as a record of historical events. His short stories and novels capture a confluence of languages, people and cultures. His essays illustrate a deep commitment to promoting South African culture and literature. When reading Bosman one is constantly reminded that differences are not only to be acknowledged, but embraced, in what he prophetically imagined as a hybrid, post-apartheid South African society.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-16T12:14:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina Prado Fleury Magalhães - 2015.pdf: 4193201 bytes, checksum: a14a94d3777d752954b3294408a10aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-16T12:14:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina Prado Fleury Magalhães - 2015.pdf: 4193201 bytes, checksum: a14a94d3777d752954b3294408a10aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T12:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina Prado Fleury Magalhães - 2015.pdf: 4193201 bytes, checksum: a14a94d3777d752954b3294408a10aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation resulted from a research that aimed to investigate the rap produced in Goiânia, focusing on its hybrid origins in dialogue with regional cultural aspects, aiming to reach identity processes built through this practice. As street culture that includes in its four constitutive elements (DJ, MC, graffiti and break) different forms of expression (music, poetry, visual arts and dance), the hip hop stands as a movement that articulates four fields of artistic production, being able to communicate by different manifestations which are imbricated and share the same ideology. The union of two of the elements from hip hop movement (DJ and MC) compose the rap, musical style chosen as research subject. Since rap shows remaining features from several cultural practices that are imbricated in their configuration as expression that hybridizes, mainly, elements from Caribbean, Africa and North America, this work is supported by the following analisys categories: cutural identity set by Hall (2006), cultural hybridity, developed by García Canclini (2003) and by Burke (2003) and struggles for meaning, approached by Chartier (1990) and Bourdieu (2011). The present dissertation brings up, first, a history of the organization of the ghettos and the US Black movement, highlighting how genres of African-American music like soul and funk relate to this context and with the appearance of rap. Then it approaches the rap in its genesis, cultural matrices and constitutive elements, and its insertion in hip-hop culture. Afterward, it draws a brief history of the spread of rap through the music industry and hybridization processes resulting in different genre styles, including in Brazil. Then it addresses the arrival of rap in Goiânia, its historical trajectory and current scenario. Finally, it investigated (through rap music analysis on phonographic records and freestyle battles) the identity representations found in rap of Goiânia and of Aparecida de Goiânia, from the finding of hybridization of local elements and struggles for meaning in these musical practices. It was found that Goiânia rap groups elected stereotypical elements of the local culture as the viola, the catira dance and the accent to represent the Goiás identity in its compositions. The analysis revealed that the rap battles of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia stand as struggles for meaning in which groups are represented through symbolic disputes. This work also concluded that rap acts as a mediator of power representations experienced by young people living in peripheric regions of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia. The representation elements are used to stake out and enhance the differences and boundaries between two neighbourhoods. However, in a broader view, the groups show similarities expressed by appreciation of the Goiás identity, by the declaration of Black pride and by the feeling of belonging to a marginalized urban territory and a socially excluded group.
A presente dissertação é resultado de pesquisa que tem como objetivo investigar o rap produzido em Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, focando sua natureza originalmente híbrida em diálogo com aspectos culturais regionais, com vistas a elucidar processos identitários construídos através dessa prática. Como cultura de rua que contempla em seus quatro elementos constitutivos (DJ, MC, grafite e break) variadas formas de expressão (música, poesia, artes visuais e dança), o hip-hop firma-se como um movimento articulador de quatro campos de produção artística, conseguindo comunicar-se por meio de diferentes manifestações que se encontram imbricadas e comungam de uma mesma ideologia. A união de dois dos elementos do movimento hip-hop (o DJ e o MC) constitui o rap, gênero musical eleito como objeto desta pesquisa. Dado que o rap apresenta características residuais de diversas práticas culturais que se imbricam em sua configuração enquanto expressão que hibrida, principalmente, elementos de matrizes caribenha, africana e norteamericana, a pesquisa apoia-se nas categorias de análise de identidade cultural definida por Hall (2006), hibridação cultural, trabalhada por García Canclini (2003) e por Burke (2003), e lutas de representação, abordada por Chartier (1990) e Bourdieu (2011), e levanta, primeiramente, um histórico da estruturação dos guetos e do movimento negro estadunidense, ressaltando como gêneros da música afro-americana como o soul e o funk se relacionam com esse contexto e com o surgimento do rap. Em seguida, aborda-se o rap em sua gênese, matrizes culturais e elementos constituintes, bem como sua inserção na cultura hip-hop. Adiante, traça-se uma breve trajetória da disseminação do rap por meio da indústria fonográfica e dos processos de hibridação que resultaram em diversos estilos de gênero, inclusive no Brasil. Em seguida, aborda-se a chegada do rap à capital goiana, sua trajetória histórica e cenário atual. Por fim, são investigadas (por meio de análise musical do rap em gravações fonográficas e batalhas de improviso) as representações identitárias presentes no rap de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, a partir da verificação da existência de hibridações de elementos locais e de lutas de representação nessas práticas musicais. Verificou-se que grupos de rap de Goiânia elegeram elementos estereotipados da cultura local como a viola, a catira e o sotaque para representarem a identidade goiana em suas composições. As análises mostraram que as batalhas de rap de Goiânia e de Aparecida de Goiânia configuram-se como lutas de representação, em que grupos se fazem representar a partir de disputas simbólicas. Conclui-se ainda que o rap atua como mediador das representações de poder vivenciadas por jovens que habitam regiões periféricas de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. Os elementos de representação são utilizados para demarcar e reforçar as diferenças e fronteiras existentes entre um bairro e outro. Porém, em uma visão macro, os grupos revelam semelhanças expressas pela valorização da identidade goiana, pela proclamação do orgulho negro e pelo sentimento de pertencimento a um território urbano marginalizado e a um coletivo socialmente excluído.

SammanfattningJag har i denna uppsats sammanfogat två litterära teorier genom att använda ett väletablerat begrepp, hybriditet, inom den ena teoribildningen, postkolonialism, på en annan teoribildning, postmodernism. Under arbetet med uppsatsen har jag brottas med en enhetlig definition av hybriditetsbegreppet men insett att en sådan inte existerar, jag har därför citerat vad ledande teoretiker på området har skrivit om begreppet och sedan försökt hitta beröringspunkter för att kunna skapa en enhetlig definition. Jag har presenterat denna, personliga definition av begreppet i uppsatsen. I uppsatsen har jag påvisat hur olika forskningsdiscipliner ser på hybriditetsbegreppet och via ett annat etablerat begrepp inom sociologin, flanören, har jag gett ett exempel på hur postkolonial litteraturteori och postmodern litteraturteori kan överbryggas. Jag har också skapat ett nytt begrepp för att underlätta överbryggandet av gapet mellan postmodern litteraturteori och postkolonial litteraturteori i uppsatsen, den hybride flanören.

This thesis examines the everyday resistance, and its interaction with cultural hybridity, of the Saami population in the administrative unit of Torne lappmark during the period 1639–1732. To do this, the thesis uses theoretical concept of everday resistance as it has been described by JamesC. Scott and the theories of cultural hybridity as they have been described by Peter Burke. Primary source material used in this thesis consists of the court records from Torne lappmark, specifically from the courts at Jukkasjärvi and Enontekis.The results of this thesis present a picture of the everyday resistance in early modern Torne lappmark. The states control was most prominent at the annual markets and court proceedings. The everyday resistance of the Saamis became more subtle when the supervision by the Swedish state became more significant, for example by cutting off pieces from the reindeer hides that they sold or taxed with. Further away from the courts the Saamis could use more drastic options, for example fleeing to Norway. The Swedish state did not want to implement hard punishments on the Saamis because the mining operations in the lappmarks were dependent on Saamis and reindeers to carry ore, wood and food in order to keep the mines operational. This is used by the Saamis as an argument against material domination. The insults and rumours concerning state officials that can be found in the source material often concern abuse of power. The lack of control outside the yearly court proceedings also led to harassments of state and church officials.The Swedish state had political reasons to present the Saamis as chris- tian subjects while trying to exterminate the Saami religion. The Saamis therefore learned a sufficient amount of christianity to make interaction with the state easier and to use as a tool in court proceedings to avoid punishment. This normalised and legitimised the states use of power. The fact that Saamis carried christian ideas and could reproduce them when they needed also led to a cultural hybridisation. They also adapted these ideas in accordance to their own worldview. Some Saamis also hybridised the two religions in different religious practises.The use of these theoretical models offers a new perspective on the interaction between the Swedish state and the Saamis. It also gives a new perspective on the power relationships in Torne lappmark during the early modern period. Keywords: Saami history, everyday resistance, cultural hybridity, 17th century, 18th century

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2007.
Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 5 mai 2009). "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosphiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en Littératures de langue française" Paraît aussi en version papier et version microforme.

Denna studie har i syfte att språkvetenskapligt undersöka hur reklamgenren förädras i ett komprimerat format, formatet googleannonser. För att få fram de språkliga dragen analyseras 30 st googleannonser ur ett genreperspektiv med innehålls-, strukturell och interpersonell analys som metod. Resultatet visar på ett flertal gemensamma drag med traditionell reklamgenre men uppvisar också skillnader. En strukturell skillnad är att googleannonsens rubrikdel tenderar att vara hybrid, de innehåller ofta både information om tjänster och produkter tillsammans med företagsnamn. Andra språkliga drag från materialet är bortprioriteringen av innehållsliga och interpersonella drag annars vanligt återkommande i traditionell reklamgenre. De gemensamma dragen för googleannonserna skulle kunna ingå i en ny modifierad subgenre till traditionell reklam, där nya konventioner för utformingen utvecklats.  The purpose of this study is to explore how the advertising genre adapts to a compressed format, from a linguistic perspective. The format being Google ads. 30 Google ads are analyzed with a content, structural and interpersonal method to distinguish linguistic features. The result shows multiple linguistic features related to traditional advertising genre. The study also finds diffrences. One divergent structural feature is the Google ads headline, who tends to have a hybrid function that includes both information about the product and information about the company. The material differ in comparison to traditional advertinsing genre in content and structure features, where some parts have been prioritized due to the limiting format. The new features for the Google advertising genre could be a part of a new modified subgenre, where new conventions has developed.

Dagens Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land där människor med olika bakgrund lever tillsammans mer eller mindre integrerat. Att vara ung idag kan vara problematiskt då man ska förhålla sig till olika attityder som existerar sida vid sida. Detta gäller inte minst synen på sexualitet som i samhället i allmänhet kan anses vara liberal men där unga tjejer i invandrargrupper kan ha helt andra villkor. Vi ville undersöka hur de unga tjejerna upplever synen på sexualitet i samhället och i mångkulturella sammanhang. Denna kunskap kan vara av intresse för hur man kan bedriva socialt arbete med unga tjejer. För att inhämta information intervjuade vi en grupp unga tjejer i åldrarna 15-16 år, vilka gav oss den kunskapen vi sökte. Unga tjejer befinner sig i en position där uttrycket för sexualitet är viktigt för hur man betraktas och tankar om den perfekta kärleksrelationen är ständigt närvarande. Unga tjejerna med invandrarbakgrund befinner sig även i en process där de både ska hitta sin identitet och position i det mångkulturella samhället. Resultatet av vår fokusgruppsintervju visade att sexualitet kan vara ett komplext ämne och att det finns ett behov och intresse hos de unga tjejerna av att diskutera detta ämne. Sexualitet kan betraktas som ett känsligt ämne men detta bör inte stå i vägen för att de unga tjejerna ska få möjligheter att uttrycka och diskutera sina känslor och tankar om ämnet.

Jag har i den här uppsatsen analyserat Baba Jaga je snijela jajes (2008) hybridlika struktur genom att göra en postmodernistisk analys. Under uppsatsens gång har jag läst och tolkat vad olika teoretiker har skrivit om postmoderna begrepp; såsom hybriditetsbegreppet, det ontologiska tvivlet samt även med att definiera myten och fiktionen. Jag har genom citat och analys gjort en personlig tolkning och skildrat detta i analysen. I min uppsats har jag visat att romanen har en hybridliknande struktur genom häxan Baba Jaga som saknar egenskaper och genom myten som saknar kärna. Jag har även visat detta genom den lekfulla berättarstrukturen och genreblandningen. Detta tydliggörs framförallt genom karaktärena i romanen som alla saknar identiteskärnor samt genom att författaren hävdar att alla kvinnor kan vara potentiella Baba Jagor.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur vampyrfilmer från andra kulturer relaterar till Bram Stokers Dracula och den europeiska myten. Vampyren har varit ett forskningsämne sedan 1700-talet och sedan 90-talet har en del av vampyrforskningen fokuserat på vampyren som en postkolonial varelse. Flera studier visar på att Dracula är en representation av "de andra", men också en representation för de förtryckande kolonierna. I uppsatsen analyseras fyra filmer från olika delar av världen och kommer fram till att en vampyrfilm aldrig helt verkar kunna avvika från Dracula, men att just dessa fyra filmer tar upp viktiga frågor om hybriditet, gemenskap och relationen till kristendomen.

Syftet med min uppsats har varit att undersöka mönster som binder samman normen, barnet och döden i Tim Burtons verssamling The melancholy death of Oyster boy and other stories. Detta gör jag med hjälp av en tematisk och komparativ metod för att undersöka motivet konflikten mellan barnet och samhället i boken i jämförelse med traditionell och subversiv barnlitteratur. Jag inleder med en översikt av hur konflikten mellan barnet och samhället sett ut i barnlitteratur, där drar jag även paralleller till Burtons bok. Därefter gör jag en analys av relationen mellan föräldrarna och barnen i boken i jämförelse med subversiv och traditionell barnlitteratur, för att visa på hur detta motiv kommer fram i Burtons bok. Jag går sedan över till att diskutera relationen till andra karaktärer, samt barnet och normen, för att sedan avsluta med en översikt av motivet döden i barnlitteratur och hur detta motiv framkommer i Burtons berättelser.

I den här uppsatsen undersöks interaktionen mellan tre programledare och en intervjuad forskare i ett utdrag från ett intervjusamtal i radio. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka övergripande topiker och vilka kommunikativa projekt som förekommer i samtalsutdraget. Likaså att undersöka hur de kommunikativa projekten kan relateras till den hybriditet som detta samtalsutdrag kännetecknas av, då samtale tkan kategoriseras som en hybridiserad pratshowintervju. Samtalsdelen består av drygt åtta minuter, som transkriberas och analyseras med hjälp av en topikanalys i kombination med en analys av de kommunikativa projekt som florerar i samtalsutdraget. Resultatet av analysen visar att samtalsutdraget innehåller olika kommunikativa projekt som ibland kolliderar. Programledarna vill ha svar på sina mestadels enkla och grundläggande frågor, men forskaren svarar inte alltid enkelt och grundläggande. Forskaren är där för att beskriva omständigheterna kring hundraårsjubileet av upptäckten av kosmisk strålning, i egenskap av elementarpartikelfysiker. Programledarna är beroende av att deras lyssnare tycker att innehållet är intressant och värt att lyssna på. Därför hamnar det på deras lott att så gott de kan göra programinnehållet intressant för lyssnarna. För att uppfylla det tillkommer lokala projekt, såsom att förmå den intervjuade att vara mer personlig och göra ansatser för att ge samtalet en mer vardaglig och avslappnad prägel. Till exempel genom det sätt som de ställer frågor till forskaren. Men även den journalistsiska uppgiften att popularisera vetenskapen som forskaren intervjuas om tillkommer, då det rör sig om ett radioprogram inom sektorn för Public service.

According to some literary and anthropological theorists, the plurality of masculinities in Morocco cannot be adequately expressed by the concept of homosexuality. Nevertheless, as a result of colonialism, the hetero-/homosexual dichotomy has become part of the collective Moroccan consciousness, despite the fact that it remains in conflict with more traditional ways of thinking. The friction created by such opposing epistemologies is rendered even more complex as authors of Morrocan origin living in Paris endeavour to write of their marginalised sexualities, due in part to the lingering preference of the French literary market for exoticism, which brings with it a host of other identity-related expectations and challenges.  Two authors with similar origins and trajectories, both born and raised in Morocco and from roughly the same generation, Rachid O. (Abdellah Oubaïd) and Abdellah Taïa both immigrated to Paris as young adults, where they became published writers known primarily for the transcultural homoerotic themes and identity-related issues their works contain. Dealing in large part with stories of young Moroccan men coming to terms with their marginalised sexuality, many of their works are considered to be autobiographical in nature. Upon closer examination, it is interesting to note that both authors rarely use the words ‘homosexual’ or ‘homosexuality’ until much later in their respective careers.  Consequently, the current study seeks to compare how such ‘homosexuality’ is constructed in their works, by contrasting three works published by each author, two published toward the beginning of their literary career, and one a number of years later. In doing so, particular attention was paid to the relationships the protagonists of each author have not only with the words used to describe their sexuality, but also with the other characters and places around them. The theoretical framework for such analysis was provided by concepts such as hegemonic masculinity, cultural hybridity and identity allocation. A number of conclusions were drawn, the most striking of which is perhaps that, particularly in the works of Taïa, homosexuality as an identity is viewed more as an unwanted layer of skin imposed by society than as a source of liberation.

In this essay I have read the novels Wide Sargasso Sea (Jean Rhys 1966), Desirada (Maryse Condé 1997) and Invisible Cities (Italo Calvino 1972) through Édouard Glissant’s notion of the primary scene in Philosophie de la relation. Poésie en étendue. I have examined how the primary scene can be seen as a political/an aesthetical strategy in the three novels. This was done in order to question the blunted tool of the notion of the identity, which is often considered in studies regarding ”postcolonial novels”. Invisible Cities is not belonging in this tradition, the method I used was ”The travelling theory” of Edward W. Saïd that proposes to let theories travel through different fields instead of trying to understand their ”original” meaning. I compared these novels in accordance to Glissants theory of questioning the notion of origins. The analysis compares how the novels depending on in wich tradition they have been read is being seen with different eyes. Novels interpreted as ”postcolonial novels” are usually read as a symptom of lack of origin. Whereas the protagonist tryes to understand the loss of identity. Glissants theory eases the analysis to reach other possible meanings of the novels, where they both meet and differs. My results indicate that The Wide Sargasso Sea and Desirada create a complex relation to time and space, where the primary scenes in these novels are steeped through different time levels. The two novels present a new way to understand time that rejects historicity, create new tools for thinking and evaluates new strategies to exist in the world, without origins in the classical meaning; Rhys through her imagery and Condé through her weave of times. The same goes for Invicible Cities, only though Venice the primal scene in the novel stays the center of interest, and even though borders of time and space are being questioned, the novel tends to make Venice the guzzling synthesis.
Édouard Glissant, Jean Rhys, Maryse Condé, Italo Calvino, Édward W. Saïd, Mary Lou Emery, Spivak.

Värdegrundstexter är en allt vanligare texttyp i Myndighets-Sverige. I denna uppsats analyserar jag Region Gävleborgs värdegrundstext, samt tre texter där värdegrunden presenteras och preciseras. Genom systemisk-funktionell och intertextuell textanalys undersöker jag hur olika språkliga resurser och intertextuella samspel samverkar i att realisera värdegrundens funktion. Jag analyserar bland annat språkhandlingar, deltagare, processer, tilltal, nominalisering och hur förpliktelse realiseras indirekt. Värdegrundstexten är på många vis vag och öppen för tolkning. Inom ramen för de analyserade texterna förtydligas den och får en i huvudsak förpliktigande och styrande funktion. Den är avsedd att påverka medarbetarnas inre värderingar och attityder såväl som yttre beteende och agerande i arbetet. Det lämnas inget utrymme för att vara medarbetare utan att leva upp till värdegrunden. Särskilt viktiga språkliga resurser är påståendesatser i presens, ett läsarinkluderande vi och ett förutsatt åtagande. De bidrar nämligen till att realisera förpliktelse men på ett sätt som på ytan dämpar det krävande. Analysen visar också hur särhållande av olika språkliga resurser gör det möjligt för organisationen att kräva att medarbetarna har vissa inre värderingar, utan att det framstår som alltför hotande. Det sker genom  att vissa betydelser och funktioner förekommer i själva värdegrundstexten och andra i de omgivande texterna, men aldrig kombineras inom samma satser. Exempelvis förekommer ett läsarinkluderande vi och ett modalt förpliktigande ska aldrig tillsammans i satser som utgör språkhandlingar. Grammatisk inkongruens och andra implicita uttryckssätt har också en avgörande roll. Förpliktelsen vad gäller värdegrunden kan sammantaget göras mycket hög, utan att det behöver synas i själva värdegrundstexten. Genom intratextuella hänvisningar till värdegrunden kommer de omgivande texternas höga förpliktelse att avse det som uttrycks i själva värdegrundstexten.

This study analyses two non-western novels used in the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school: Fatou Diomes The Belly of the Atlantic and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies Half a Yellow Sun. Looking at how the books female main character relate to Stuart Halls theory of cultural identity, I come to the conclusion that they somewhat differently relate to an essential ”authentic” self. Salie talks explicit about a generic African soul that she possesses. Olanna never talks about anything ”authentic”, but her narrative and contrary subject positions can be read as a way of demasking her European ”white” self in favour of a truer Igbo self. I also come to the conclusion that both novels use themes of alienation related to gender structures and positioned westernness and that this kind of reading could contribute to interesting classroom discussions about a dynamic interpretation on culture and identity.

This thesis is a study of how the American author Edith Wharton (1862-1937) in a number of novels and short stories written between 1876 and 1937 depicts cultural encounters between Americans and Europeans, mostly Frenchmen. Chiefly concerned with Fast and Loose, “The Last Asset”, Madame de Treymes, “Les Metteurs en Scène”, The Custom of the Country and The Age of Innocence, each of which articulates ideas relevant to the theme investigated, the thesis also contains a supplementary discussion of The Reef, The Glimpses of the Moon, The Mother’s Recompense and The Buccaneers. Borrowing terms and theoretical perspectives from Pierre Bourdieu and postcolonial literary criticism, particularly Homi Bhabha’s theories about inbetweenness, mimicry and otherness, the study contends through detailed analyses of single works that Wharton’s descriptions of Franco-American encounters are dynamic processes through which the parties involved are made aware of their own and “the other’s” distinguishing qualities and, in some significant cases, reach a heightened state of consciousness resembling Bhabha’s inbetweenness. Wharton’s cultural encounters often involve people with different levels of education and different economic and social positions, which justifies the use of Bourdieu’s method of analyzing the relationship between educational and social status in terms of different kinds of capital. While in her early works Wharton merely intimates the contours of the cultural encounter, in mature works such as Madame de Treymes and The Age of Innocence she views it as a highly complex process the many stages of which are intimated through the use of subtle narratological techniques. Throughout her work Wharton makes intricate use of imagery and keywords, some of them testifying to her interest in anthropology, to suggest the manifold dimensions of the cultural encounter, which is seen as both tempting and repelling. Her accounts of the Franco-American encounter are complexly related to the different phases of the American political and social situation described in her novels. The American experience of the meeting of the ‘old society’ and the ‘new’ is rendered even more complex by being seen as the background against which Europeans and Americans negotiate transactions of symbolic and economic capital. In most of her works these lead to tragic or tragic-comic misunderstandings; only in her last, unfinished novel does she describe a full-fledged Euro-American identity, a successful fusion of American and European experiences.
Den här avhandlingen är en studie i hur den amerikanska författarinnan Edith Wharton (1862-1937) i ett antal romaner och noveller skrivna mellan 1876 and 1937 skildrar kulturella möten mellan amerikaner och européer, främst fransmän. Avhandlingen behandlar huvudsakligen verken Fast and Loose, “The Last Asset”, Madame de Treymes, ”Les Metteurs en Scène”, The Custom of the Country and The Age of Innocence, som alla uttrycker idéer om kulturmöten; den innehåller även en kompletterande diskussion av verken The Reef, The Glimpses of the Moon, The Mother’s Recompense and The Buccaneers. Med termer och perspektiv hämtade från Pierre Bourdieu och postkolonial litteraturforskning, främst Homi Bhabhas teorier om in-betweenness (”mellanskap”), mimicry och otherness hävdar studien genom detaljerade analyser av enskilda verk hur Whartons beskrivningar av fransmäns och amerikaners möten är dynamiska processer där i bästa fall båda parter blir medvetna om sin egen och ”den andres” särart, och i vissa fall även når ett intensifierat medvetande som påminner om Bhabhas in-betweenness. Whartons kulturmöten sker oftast mellan personer med olika bildning samt ekonomisk och social position, vilket gör att Bourdieus perspektiv för analys av relationen mellan utbildning och social status som styrd av olika sorters kapital kommer till användning. I sina tidiga berättelser antyder Wharton konturerna av det kulturella mötet, i mogna verk som Madame de Treymes and The Age of Innocence gestaltar hon det som en mycket komplex process vars många skeden antyds via hennes användning av subtil berättarteknik. Alltigenom sina verk tillämpar Wharton ett komplext bildspråk och nyckelord, varav vissa vittnar om hennes intresse för antropologi, som antyder kulturmötets många dimensioner, framställt som samtidigt lockande och frånstötande/avskräckande. Hennes redogörelser av det fransk-amerikanska mötet är komplext relaterat till de olika faser av den amerikanska politiska och sociala situation som beskrivs i hennes berättelser. Den amerikanska erfarenheten av mötet mellan den ”gamla sociala grupperingen” och den ”nya” skildras som mer komplext genom att ses som den bakgrund mot vilken européerna och amerikanerna förhandlar transaktioner av symboliskt och ekonomiskt kapital. I merparten av hennes verk leder dessa transaktioner till tragiska eller tragikomiska missförstånd; bara i hennes sista, ofullbordade roman beskriver hon en fullt utvecklad euroamerikansk identitet, en lyckad sammansmältning av amerikanska och europeiska erfarenheter.

This essay discusses the works of artists Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas and Brendan Lee Satish Tang as they relate to manga and popular culture. Known as Haida Manga and Manga Ormolu, these hybrid works move through global circuits of exchange integral to a transcultural aesthetic where multiple signifiers have been folded and fused into one. Manga, like blue jeans and cell phones, unites viewers with universally recognizable themes in the art. Yahgulanaas, a First Nations artist of mixed ancestry, introduced and developed “Haida Manga” by combining Japanese manga graphic novels with Haida narratives and formline , creating contemporary forms for old stories. In Coppers from the Hood, the traditional copper, an object of great respect and value in traditional potlatch ceremonies, is playfully replaced by car hoods sandblasted and painted copper with Haida Manga characters. Yahgulanaas' creative gesture demonstrates Haida is a living culture with an irrepressible power to innovate and transform. Tang's Manga Ormolu ceramic sculptures subvert expectations of Chinese porcelain in Western culture through an uncanny amalgamation with war toys and techno-pop prosthetics. Japanese manga, found in fragments adjoining the Chinese vessel, points to the contemporary form of Orientalism where perceptions of Asia in Eurocentric nations are predetermined by cultural imports depicting transhuman dystopic futures of robot Armageddon. The distillation of ethnicity into one character-type is rendered ironically absurd. Strangely familiar, yet not quite the expected narrative of erotic and tranquil sublimity, these hybrid sculptures jar the Western viewer, and point to an oft forsaken subjectivity.

Dans deux congrégations à Montréal, nous nous intéressons aux hybridités religieuses entre le catholicisme et le pentecôtisme. Face aux lacunes de recherche en ce qui concerne l’influence du catholicisme sur le néopentecôtisme, nous avons réalisé des comparaisons entre certaines stratégies d’une Église charismatique néopentecôtiste multiethnique et les stratégies d’une communauté charismatique catholique de Latino-Américains, afin d’expliquer comment ces hybridités et influences se manifestent dans les congrégations. Certaines comparaisons révèlent des hybridités qui se manifestent dans l’adaptation des communautés au contexte québécois et dans l’adaptation de l’Évangile et des pratiques religieuses pour intégrer les immigrants aux congrégations et à la société d’accueil. Les communautés charismatiques deviennent des épicentres de regroupements ethniques dans lesquels on peut constater des continuités, transformations et innovations culturelles. En nous fondant sur l’analyse des enjeux sociaux et politiques, nous avons constaté également l’influence du catholicisme sur le néopentecôtisme et vice versa, ainsi que des interpénétrations syncrétiques.
This thesis concerns the religious hybridities between Catholicism and Pentecostalism in two congregations in Montreal. Faced with the gaps in the research regarding the influence of Catholicism on Neopentecostalism, we have compared certain strategies of a multi-ethnic Charismatic Neopentecostal Church with the strategies of a Latin American Catholic Charismatic community, in order to explain how these hybridities manifest in the congregations. Some hybridities are found in the adaptation of these communities to the Quebec context and in the adaptation of the Gospel and the religious practices that mark the process of integration of immigrants into the congregations and the host society. The charismatic communities become epicenters of ethnic groupings in which we can observe continuities, transformations and cultural innovations. In my field work in these two groups, I have found evidence regarding the influence of Catholicism on the Neopentecostalism and vice versa, as well as syncretic interpenetrations.
L’idée de réaliser une étude comparative de deux congrégations charismatiques à Montréal a été conçue vers la fin de l’année 2009, dans le cadre du projet « Pluralisme et ressources symboliques : les nouveaux groupes religieux au Québec ». Ce projet est dirigé par Deirdre Meintel. Les cochercheurs sont Claude Gélinas, Josiane Le Gall, Marie-Nathalie Le Blanc, Géraldine Mossière et Khadiyatoulah Fall. La coordinatrice est Véronique Jourdain. Ce projet a été financé par le FQRSC et le CRSH.

Les communautés queer changent rapidement et leur histoire doit être préservée afin de leur assurer une certaine continuité. Ces communautés sont nées d'un désir de changement et d'action, et il est important d'identifier les sources de diffusion de leur imaginaire social afin de les documenter et de les rendre accessibles. Mais comment la différence identitaire des sujets queer se manifeste-elle et comment tous ces sujets différents parviennent-ils à se regrouper en communauté? Cette thèse démontre l'importance, pour les sujets queer, des signifiants spatiaux, temporels, corporels et langagiers, de même que le caractère hybride du processus identitaire. La recherche a été menée en analysant les treize adaptations de pièces de théâtre queer au cinéma, au Québec et au Canada, pour y relever les signifiants liés à l'espace, au temps, au corps et à la langue et décrire comment ils se transforment lors de l'adaptation. La sémiotique tensive phénoménologique de Fontanille a permis d'observer comment l'identité personnelle et communautaire du lecteur-spectateur est interpellée et potentiellement transformée par les oeuvres. Il en ressort que l'hybridité du geste adaptatif, des signifiants et des identités permet aux gais, aux lesbiennes et aux autres sujets queer de connecter avec le discours en acte dans les oeuvres. Parfois des signifiants sont perdus lors de l'adaptation, ce qui résulte en un appauvrissement de l'imaginaire social qui affecte la mémoire collective, les utopies communes et le rapport aux idéologies dominantes.