Journal articles: 'HYD'

1

Katsigiannis, Georgios, Pedro Ferreira, and Raul Fuentes. "HYD verifications using numerical methods." Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2017): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2016.1269182.

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Rezende, L. R., E. F. Delgado, A. R. L. Júnior, G. Gasparin, E. C. Jorge, G. B. Mourão, and L. L. Coutinho. "Expression of 1alpha-HYD and 24-HYD in bovine kidney mediated by vitamin D3 supplementation." Genetics and Molecular Research 12, no. 4 (2013): 6611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2013.december.11.12.

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San Miguel Pérez, Enrique. "David Lloyd George, Yma O Hyd." IHERING. CUADERNOS DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES, no. 1 (December 14, 2018): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51743/ihering.12.

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Hemos ganado la guerra, y hemos salvado el imperio". Y en efecto, fue así como un galés, educado en galés, fundó una "democracia imperial". E incluso, diría Gwyn Alf Williams, un "Gales imperial". Porque David Lloyd George, seguramente el más grande galés de la historia (con el permiso de Dylan Thomas, Richard Burton, Gareth Edwards y, por supuesto, "Harry, el rey") nació, al contrario que todos sus compatriotas rivales por la grandeza, en Inglaterra, y en plena Era victoriana

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Галимова, Ю. А., Н. В. Дорогова, and С. А. Фёдорова. "Функции Е3 убиквитин-лигазы Hyd в тканях дрозофилы." Молекулярная биология 55, no. 3 (2021): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s002689842103006x.

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5

Wang, Kun, Jun Guan, De Min He, and Qiu Min Zhang. "The Influences of Reaction Conditions on Phenanthrene Hydrogenation over NiW/Al₂O₃ Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2200–2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2200.

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Hydrogenation of phenanthrene (PHE HYD) was investigated over a commercial NiW/Al2O3catalyst under practical reaction conditions. GC-MS analysis was utilized to identify the numerous products formed during PHE HYD. The products included dihydrophenanthrene (DHP), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (THP), sym-octahydrophenanthrene (1,8-OHP), asym-octahydrophenanthrene (1,10-OHP) and perhydrophenanthrene (PHP), but the cracking products were not found under the reaction conditions. The effects of operating conditions such as temperature, pressure and H2/liquor on PHE HYD were tested in detail. It is found that temperature and pressure had remarkable effect on PHE HYD, but volume ratio of H2/liquor had little effect on PHE HYD at the observation range. The addition of decalin had a positive impact on PHE HYD; it could increase the conversion of PHE and the selectivity to PHP.

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Thomas, Claudia, Mandy Waclawek, Kerstin Nutschan, Constanze Pinske, and R. Gary Sawers. "The Extended C-Terminal α-Helix of the HypC Chaperone Restricts Recognition of Large Subunit Precursors by the Hyp-Scaffold Machinery during [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Maturation in Escherichia coli." Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 2 (2018): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489929.

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Members of the HypC protein family are chaperone-like proteins that play a central role in the maturation of [NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd). <i>Escherichia coli</i> has a second copy of HypC, called HybG, and, as a component of the HypDEF maturation scaffold, these proteins help synthesize the NiFe-cofactor and guide the scaffold to its designated hydrogenase large subunit precursor. HypC is required to synthesize active Hyd-1 and Hyd-3, while HybG facilitates Hyd-2 and Hyd-1 synthesis. To identify determinants on HypC that allow it to discriminate against Hyd-2, we made amino acid exchanges in 3 variable regions, termed VR1, VR2, and VR3, of HypC, that make it more similar to HybG. Region VR3 includes a HypC-specific C-terminal α-helical extension, and this proved particularly important in preventing the maturation of Hyd-2 by HypC. Truncation of this extension on HypC increased Hyd-2 activity in the absence of HybG, while retaining maturation of Hyd-3 and Hyd-1. Combining this truncation with amino acid exchanges in VR1 and VR2 of HypC negatively affected the synthesis of active Hyd-1. The C-terminus of <i>E. coli</i> HypC is thus a key determinant in hindering Hyd-2 maturation, while VR1 and VR2 appear more important for Hyd-1 maturation.

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KOTO, Masao, Masao MIWA, Akira SHIMIZU, Ko-ichiro TSUJI, Michio OKAMOTO, and Jiro ADACHI. "Inherited Hydrocephalus in Csk: Wistar-Imamichi Rats; Hyd Strain: a New Disease Model for Hydrocephalus." Experimental Animals 36, no. 2 (1987): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim1978.36.2_157.

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Pinske, Constanze, Monique Jaroschinsky, Sabine Linek, Ciarán L. Kelly, Frank Sargent, and R. Gary Sawers. "Physiology and Bioenergetics of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase 2-Catalyzed H2-Consuming and H2-Producing Reactions in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 2 (November 3, 2014): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02335-14.

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Escherichia coliuptake hydrogenase 2 (Hyd-2) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of H2to protons and electrons. Hyd-2 synthesis is strongly upregulated during growth on glycerol or on glycerol-fumarate. Membrane-associated Hyd-2 is an unusual heterotetrameric [NiFe]-hydrogenase that lacks a typical cytochromebmembrane anchor subunit, which transfers electrons to the quinone pool. Instead, Hyd-2 has an additional electron transfer subunit, termed HybA, with four predicted iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we examined the physiological role of the HybA subunit. During respiratory growth with glycerol and fumarate, Hyd-2 used menaquinone/demethylmenaquinone (MQ/DMQ) to couple hydrogen oxidation to fumarate reduction. HybA was essential for electron transfer from Hyd-2 to MQ/DMQ. H2evolution catalyzed by Hyd-2 during fermentation of glycerol in the presence of Casamino Acids or in a fumarate reductase-negative strain growing with glycerol-fumarate was also shown to be dependent on both HybA and MQ/DMQ. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited Hyd-2-dependent H2evolution from glycerol, indicating the requirement for a proton gradient. In contrast, CCCP failed to inhibit H2-coupled fumarate reduction. Although a Hyd-2 enzyme lacking HybA could not catalyze Hyd-2-dependent H2oxidation or H2evolution in whole cells, reversible H2-dependent reduction of viologen dyes still occurred. Finally, hydrogen-dependent dye reduction by Hyd-2 was reversibly inhibited in extracts derived from cells grown in H2evolution mode. Our findings suggest that Hyd-2 switches between H2-consuming and H2-producing modes in response to the redox status of the quinone pool. Hyd-2-dependent H2evolution from glycerol requires reverse electron transport.

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Blbulyan, Syuzanna, Arev Avagyan, Anna Poladyan, and Armen Trchounian. "Role of different Escherichia coli hydrogenases in H+ efflux and F1Fo-ATPase activity during glycerol fermentation at different pH values." Bioscience Reports 31, no. 3 (January 14, 2011): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20100053.

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Escherichia coli is able to ferment glycerol and produce H2 by different Hyds (hydrogenases). Wild-type whole cells were shown to extrude H+ through the F1Fo-ATPase and by other means with a lower rate compared with that under glucose fermentation. At pH 7.5, H+ efflux was stimulated in fhlA mutant (with defective transcriptional activator of Hyd-3 or Hyd-4) and was lowered in hyaB or hybC mutants (with defective Hyd-1 or Hyd-2) and hyaB hybC double mutant; DCCD (dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide)-sensitive H+ efflux was observed. At pH 5.5, H+ efflux in wild-type was lower compared with that at pH 7.5; it was increased in fhlA mutant and absent in hyaB hybC mutant. Membrane vesicle ATPase activity was lower in wild-type glycerol-fermented cells at pH 7.5 compared with that in glucose-fermented cells; 100 mM K+ did not stimulate ATPase activity. The latter at pH 7.5, compared with that in wild–type, was lower in hyaB and less in hybC mutants, stimulated in the hyaB hybC mutant and suppressed in the fhlA mutant; DCCD inhibited ATPase activity. At pH 5.5, the ATPase activities of hyaB and hybC mutants had similar values and were higher compared with that in wild-type; ATPase activity was suppressed in hyaB hybC and fhlA mutants. The results indicate that during glycerol fermentation, H+ was expelled also via F1Fo. At pH 7.5 Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 but not FhlA or Hyd-4 might be related to F1Fo or have their own H+-translocating ability. At pH 5.5, both Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 more than F1Fo might be involved in H+ efflux.

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Vasudha Rani, Vaddadi, and K. Sandhya Rani. "Analyzing the Popularity of A City (Hyd) Through Twitter Data." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 60, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v60p108.

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11

Dahlstr�m, Annica, Anders Hamberger, and Patrick Sourander. "Dedication issue of neurochemical research in honor Holger Hyd�n." Neurochemical Research 13, no. 7 (July 1988): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00973273.

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12

Chen, Feng, Na Li, Linlin Xiu, Haiyan Liu, Shaohong Chen, Cheng He, Angran Fan, et al. "Comparative Efficacy of Haizao Yuhu Decoction Composed of Different Varieties of Glycyrrhiza in Goiter Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4343239.

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In traditional Chinese medicine, Glycyrrhiza and Sargassum are one pair of the “18 incompatible medicaments,” which in theory cannot be used together. However, since ancient times, many reports have described using compounds containing both Glycyrrhiza and Sargassum to treat diseases. Haizao Yuhu Decoction (HYD), which contains both ingredients, is mainly used to treat goiter. Chinese Pharmacopoeia officially recorded three varieties of Glycyrrhiza: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. These three varieties have certain differences in chemical composition and pharmacological effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the HYD containing different varieties of Glycyrrhiza and Sargassum had different therapeutic effects in rats with goiter and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of any difference. In this study, propylthiouracil (PTU) was used to replicate the goiter model, then HYDs containing different varieties of Glycyrrhiza were used for treatment for four weeks, and then the relevant indicators were tested. The results demonstrated that HYD had antigoiter effects, alleviated the pathological changes in the thyroid tissue, and restored the abnormal serum levels of hormones related to thyroid function induced by PTU. HYD containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis had the best therapeutic effect in rats with PTU-induced goiter. The antigoiter effect of HYD may function through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, inhibit the expression of the Tg and NIS genes, and regulate the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thereby reducing the excessive stimulation of TSH in thyroid cells. In addition, HYD also prevented goiter by promoting thyroid cell apoptosis and inhibiting the ERK/RSK1 pathway of cell proliferation. In conclusion, three types of HYD had different therapeutic effects in rats with goiter, which might be caused by the compatibility of different varieties of Glycyrrhiza and Sargassum.

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13

Kowalczuk, Dorota, and Hanna Hopkała. "Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide in the Combination Tablets." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.4.847.

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Abstract A new second-order-derivative spectrophotometric method using zero-crossing technique measures quinapril (QUI) and hydrochlorothiazide (HYD) in 2-component mixtures. The procedure does not require prior separation of components from the sample. QUI was determined at a wavelength of 211.6 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of HYD). Similarly, HYD was measured at 270.8 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of QUI). Calibration graphs were constructed over the concentration range of 4.0 to 24.0 μ/mL for QUI and 2.5 to 15.0 μg/mL for HYD. Detection and quantitation limits were 0.85 and 2.5 μg/mL for QUI and 0.12 and 0.4 μg/mL for HYD, respectively. The accuracy (recovery 100.5–102%), precision (relative standard deviation less than 3.5% for QUI and 1.5% for HYD), selectivity, and sensitivity of the elaborated methods were satisfactory. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of both drugs in QUI-HYD tablets.

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Kim, Min-Jee, Shambhunath Bose, Na-Rae Shin, Seohyun Park, Ojin Kwon, Eun-Ji Song, Young-Do Nam, et al. "The Herbal Formula CWBSD Improves Sleep Quality Dependent on Oral Microbial Type and Tongue Diagnostic Features in Insomnia." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050325.

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Cheonwangbosim-dan (CWBSD) is a traditional Korean herb formula that has been widely prescribed for insomnia patients with a heart-yin deficiency (HYD) pattern. Several studies have reported that heart function and insomnia are interrelated, and few have explored associations between insomnia, oral microbiota, and tongue diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CWBSD on primary insomnia, tongue diagnosis, and oral microbiota. At baseline, 56 patients with primary insomnia were assigned to two groups, a HYD group and a non-HYD (NHYD) group and they took CWBSD for 6 weeks. During the study, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indices (PSQIs) and Insomnia Severity Indices (ISIs) decreased significantly in both groups. However, the PSQI reduction observed in the HYD group was greater than in the NHYD group and sleep times increased only in the HYD group. As sleep quality improved, the amount of tongue coating increased at the posterior tongue, where heart function appears. At baseline, the HYD and NHYD group had a specific oral microbiota (Veillonella at genus level), but no significant change was observed after taking CWBSD. Additionally, subjects were divided into two oral microbiota types (“orotypes”). The genera Prevotella, Veillonella, or Neisseria were abundant in each orotype. The reduction in PSQI in orotype 1 during the 6-week treatment period was greater than in orotype 2. In conclusion, this study shows that CWBSD could be used to treat primary insomnia in patients with a HYD pattern as determined using tongue diagnosis and oral microbiota distributional patterns.

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Zhang, Yaojun, Zhaobin Wei, Weihong Yan, Pinliang Ying, Chunxin Ji, Xinsheng Li, Zhenhua Zhou, Xiuping Sun, and Qin Xin. "Synthesis and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrogenation (HYD) activity of dimolybdenum nitride." Catalysis Today 30, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(96)00003-x.

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Ye, Wei-liang, Jiang-bo Du, Bang-le Zhang, Ren Na, Yan-feng Song, Qi-bing Mei, Ming-gao Zhao, and Si-yuan Zhou. "Cellular Uptake and Antitumor Activity of DOX-hyd-PEG-FA Nanoparticles." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2014): e97358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097358.

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Deplanche, Kevin, Isabelle Caldelari, Iryna P. Mikheenko, Frank Sargent, and Lynne E. Macaskie. "Involvement of hydrogenases in the formation of highly catalytic Pd(0) nanoparticles by bioreduction of Pd(II) using Escherichia coli mutant strains." Microbiology 156, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.036681-0.

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Escherichia coli produces at least three [NiFe] hydrogenases (Hyd-1, Hyd-2 and Hyd-3). Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 are membrane-bound respiratory isoenzymes with their catalytic subunits exposed to the periplasmic side of the membrane. Hyd-3 is part of the cytoplasmically oriented formate hydrogenlyase complex. In this work the involvement of each of these hydrogenases in Pd(II) reduction under acidic (pH 2.4) conditions was studied. While all three hydrogenases could contribute to Pd(II) reduction, the presence of either periplasmic hydrogenase (Hyd-1 or Hyd-2) was required to observe Pd(II) reduction rates comparable to the parent strain. An E. coli mutant strain genetically deprived of all hydrogenase activity showed negligible Pd(II) reduction. Electron microscopy suggested that the location of the resulting Pd(0) deposits was as expected from the subcellular localization of the particular hydrogenase involved in the reduction process. Membrane separation experiments established that Pd(II) reductase activity is membrane-bound and that hydrogenases are required to initiate Pd(II) reduction. The catalytic activity of the resulting Pd(0) nanoparticles in the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) varied according to the E. coli mutant strain used for the initial bioreduction of Pd(II). Optimum Cr(VI) reduction, comparable to that observed with a commercial Pd catalyst, was observed when the bio-Pd(0) catalytic particles were prepared from a strain containing an active Hyd-1. The results are discussed in the context of economic production of novel nanometallic catalysts.

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BARNETT, LEWIS A. K., DOMINIQUE A. DIDIER, DOUGLAS J. LONG, and DAVID A. EBERT. "Hydrolagus mccoskeri sp. nov., a new species of chimaeroid fish from the Galápagos Islands (Holocephali: Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae)." Zootaxa 1328, no. 1 (October 5, 2006): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1328.1.2.

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A new species of chimaeroid, Hyd rolagus mccosker i sp. nov., is described from the Galápag os Islands. This species represents the second member of the family Chimaeridae known from the eastern equatorial Pacific. It can b e distinguis hed from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: small head with short, blunt snout; preopercu lar and oral lateral line canals branching from the same node off the infraorbital canal and sharing a short common b ranch; dorsum medium brown with numerous narrow, shar ply delineated circular and elongate white blotches; ventrum white to tan with extremely fine brown mottl ing. The species is compared to Hyd rolagus n ovaezealandiae and Hyd rolagus colliei , the most similar congeners in color pattern and morphology.

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Day, Jenny. "Agweddau ar Gwlt Martin o Tours mewn Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg hyd c.1525." Llên Cymru 40, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/lc.40.2.

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Li, Y. W., and B. Delmon. "Modelling of hydrotreating catalysis based on the remote control: HYD and HDS." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 127, no. 1-3 (December 1997): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(97)00121-0.

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Carvalho, Victor V., and Alexandre Perdigão. "PSXIV-11 Supplementation of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 and increased vitamin E as a strategy to increase carcass weight of feedlot beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.871.

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Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementing 1mg of 25-OH vitamin D3 (HyD®) and increased vitamin E amount (2000 mg/animal/d) on cattleˈ performance and carcass characteristics when fed a 90-d feedlot finishing diet. A total of 140 Nellore bulls (IBW = 387 ± 28 kg) were distributed in 14 pens (10 animals/pen) in a randomized complete block design (7 pens per treatment). The basal diet was composed by 15% sugarcane bagasse, 72.8% ground corn, 7.6% soybean meal and 4.6 % mineral-vitamin premix (DM basis). The dietary treatments were: 1) Control: No addition of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 (HyD®) and basal Vit. E amount (520 mg/animal per day); 2) HyD+Vit.E: Addition of 1 mg of HyD® plus increased Vit. E amount (2000 mg/animal per day). The animals were fed once daily and had free access to fresh water. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Means comparison was evaluated by tukey test and declared significant at P < 0.05, and tendencies considered when 0.05 < P < 0.10. There was no difference on final body weight (~522.8 kg, P = 0.11), ADG (~1.54 kg/d, P = 0.17), DM intake (~9.9 kg/d, P = 0.41) and G:F (~0.156, P = 0.28) between treatments. Likewise, no differences were observed (P > 0.10) for dressing (~53.5%), REA (~65.5 cm²) and SFT (~4.10 mm). However, feeding HyD+Vit.E tended to increase (P = 0.07) carcass average daily gain (0.993 vs. 0.953 kg/d) and increased (P = 0.04) carcass weight by 4.2 kg compared with control (281.6 vs. 277.4 kg). In conclusion, the combination of HyD and increased vitamin E increases carcass production in feedlot cattle.

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Mekonnen, Tefera Worku, Abegaz Tizazu Andrgie, Haile Fentahun Darge, Yihenew Simegniew Birhan, Endiries Yibru Hanurry, Hsiao-Ying Chou, Juin-Yih Lai, Hsieh-Chih Tsai, Jen Ming Yang, and Yen-Hsiang Chang. "Bioinspired Composite, pH-Responsive Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogel and Generation 4.5 Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Improves Cancer Treatment Efficacy via Doxorubicin and Resveratrol Co-Delivery." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111069.

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Maximizing the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) with a new drug delivery strategy is always desired in the field of biomedical science. Because the clinical applications of DOX in the treatment of cancer is limited by the side effects related to the dose. Herein, we report the co-loading of DOX and resveratrol (RESV) using an injectable in situ formed sodium deoxycholate hydrogel (Na-DOC-hyd) at the pH of the tumor extracellular microenvironment. The sequential, controlled, and sustained release of RESV and DOX for synergistic antitumor effects was confirmed by entrapping G4.5-DOX in the RESV-loaded Na-DOC hydrogel (Na-DOC-hyd-RESV). The synergistic antitumor activity of Na-DOC-hyd-RESV+G4.5-DOX was assessed on HeLa cell xenograft tumor in BALB/c nude mice. In the MTT biocompatibility assay, both the G4.5 PAMAM dendrimer and Na-DOC-hyd exhibited negligible cytotoxicity up to the highest dose of 2.0 mg mL−1 in HeLa, MDA-MB-231, and HaCaT cells. The release profiles of DOX and RESV from the Na-DOC-hyd-RESV+G4.5-DOX confirmed the relatively rapid release of RESV (70.43 ± 1.39%), followed by that of DOX (54.58 ± 0.62%) at pH 6.5 in the 7 days of drug release studies. A single intratumoral injection of Na-DOC-hyd-RESV+G4.5-DOX maximally suppressed tumor growth during the 28 days of the treatment period. Na-DOC-hyd-RESV+G4.5-DOX did not cause any histological damage in the major visceral organs. Therefore, this Na-DOC-hydrogel for dual drugs (DOX and RESV) delivery at the pH of the tumor extracellular microenvironment is a promising, safe, and effective combination for antitumor chemotherapy.

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Gouvêa, Vinicius N., Guilherme S. Vasconcellos, Tiago S. Acedo, and Luis Fernando Tamassia. "399 The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation improves animal performance of Nellore cattle grazed in tropical grass." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.331.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (HyD®) supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of grazing Nellore beef cattle. Eighty finishing Nellore bulls were equally distributed according initial BW (437 ± 4.93 kg) in ten Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés paddocks (8 bulls per paddock) using a randomized complete block design with five replicates (paddocks) per treatment. Experiment was conducted in two phases during dry season, from August to November 2017. Phase 1 consisted in all animals receiving the same basal concentrate for 33 days. In phase 2, animals received the treatments for the following 63 days: 1) Control (basal concentrate, no HyD®) or 2) HyD (basal concentrate + 1mg of HyD®/bull/day). The basal concentrate (18% CP and 80% TDN) was formulated to have 82.0% ground corn, 12.0% soybean meal and 6.0% mineral-vitamin supplement (as % DM), being daily offered to bulls at 7.0 kg/animal/day in collective feeders located at each paddock. Final BW (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated for phase 1, 2 and total period, while supplement intake, hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing percentage was evaluated for total period only. Mineral-vitamin supplement and HyD® were provided by DSM Nutritional Products. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS® 9.3, with each paddock considered one experimental unit and values declared significant when P < 0.10. There was no treatment effect on phase 1 in FBW and ADG, as expected. In phase 2, treatment effects were observed for HyD in FBW (562.75 vs. 568.70; P = 0.094) and ADG (1.350 vs. 1.437 kg/day; P = 0.029) over the control group, respectively. Moreover, the total period ADG was greater for HyD treatment (1.311 vs. 1.375; P = 0.095). No effects were observed in carcass characteristics and concentrate intake. In conclusion, HyD® improves animal performance of Nellore beef cattle grazed in tropical conditions.

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Chaouiki, Abdelkarim, Maryam Chafiq, Hassane Lgaz, Mustafa R. Al-Hadeethi, Ismat H. Ali, Sheerin Masroor, and Ill-Min Chung. "Green Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Hydrazone Derivatives in 1.0 M HCl." Coatings 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070640.

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In the present study, the inhibition performance of two synthesized hydrazone derivatives (HDZs), namely, (E)-N′-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanehydrazide (HYD-1) and N′-cyclohexylidene-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanehydrazide (HYD-2) on mild steel (MS) in 1.0 M HCl was investigated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experimental data suggested that the hydrazone derivatives exhibited a high inhibition performance, which increases with increasing their concentrations. HYD-1 and HYD-2 presented maximum inhibition efficiencies of 96% and 84%, respectively, at an optimal concentration of 5 × 10–3 M. The principal observations that resulted from electrochemical studies are that HYDs affected both anodic and cathodic reactions (mixed inhibitors). Their adsorption, which is a combination of chemisorption and physisorption, obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the temperature effect was carried out at various temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K to verify the corrosion inhibition performance of HYD-1 at higher temperatures. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis confirmed that HYDs can ensure remarkable prevention against corrosion through the adsorption onto the metal surface.

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Sode, Koji, Tomoyasu Sugiyama, Takehiro Yamamoto, Masamitsu Tomiyama, and Isao Karube. "Restoration ofEscherichia coli hyd BMutant Hydrogenase by Cultivation in Media Containing Various Metals." Biocatalysis 4, no. 2-3 (January 1990): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10242429008992092.

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Li, Yong-Wang, Xian-Yong Pang, and B. Delmon. "Role of hydrogen in HDS/HYD catalysis over MoS2: an ab initio investigation." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 169, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00568-9.

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Huang, Hailong, Yapeng Li, Xiaoran Sun, Yan Lv, Liang Chen, and Jingyuan Wang. "Preparation and biological characterization of pH-responsive PASP-g-PEG-DDA-Hyd-ADR." New Journal of Chemistry 37, no. 5 (2013): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nj41155a.

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Rai, Dhanpat, Dean A. Moore, Andrew R. Felmy, Kevin M. Rosso, and Harvey Bolton. "PuPO4(cr, hyd.) Solubility Product and Pu3+ Complexes with Phosphate and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid." Journal of Solution Chemistry 39, no. 6 (June 2010): 778–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-010-9541-x.

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Zbell, Andrea L., Susan E. Maier, and Robert J. Maier. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium NiFe Uptake-Type Hydrogenases Are Differentially Expressed In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 10 (July 14, 2008): 4445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00741-08.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a common enteric pathogen, possesses three NiFe uptake-type hydrogenases. The results from mouse infection studies suggest that the H2 oxidation capacity provided by these hydrogenases is important for virulence. Since the three enzymes are similar in structure and function, it may be expected that they are utilized under different locations and times during an infection. A recombination-based method to examine promoter activity in vivo (RIVET) was used to determine hydrogenase gene expression in macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-like cells, and a mouse model of salmonellosis. The hyd and hya promoters showed increased expression in both murine macrophages and human PMN-like cells compared to that in the medium-only controls. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results suggested that hyb is also expressed in phagocytes. A nonpolar hya mutant was compromised for survival in macrophages compared to the wild type. This may be due to lower tolerance to acid stress, since the hya mutant was much more acid sensitive than the wild type. In addition, hya mutant cells were internalized by macrophages the same as wild-type cells. Mouse studies (RIVET) indicate that hyd is highly expressed in the liver and spleen early during infection but is expressed poorly in the ileum in infected animals. Late in the infection, the hyd genes were expressed at high levels in the ileum as well as in the liver and spleen. The hya genes were expressed at low levels in all locations tested. These results suggest that the hydrogenases are used to oxidize hydrogen in different stages of an infection.

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Usman, Khan, Jaafar, Alsalme, and Tabassum. "Structure of Imidazolium-N-phthalolylglycinate Salt Hydrate: Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Calculations Studies." Crystals 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020091.

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An organic supramolecular salt hydrate (imidazolium:N-phthalolylglycinate:H2O; IM+-NPG−-HYD) has been examined for its charge-transfer (CT) characteristics. Accordingly, IM+–NPG−–HYD has been characterized thoroughly using various spectroscopic techniques. Combined experimental and quantum chemical studies, along with wave function analysis, were performed to study the non-covalent interactions and their role in CT in the supramolecular salt hydrate. Notably, IM+–NPG−–HYD crystalizes in two configurations (A and B), both of which are held together via non-covalent interactions to result in a three-dimensional CT supramolecular assembly. The through-space CT occurs from NPG– (donor) to IM+ (acceptor), and this was mediated via non-covalent forces. We demonstrated the role of π–π stacking interactions (mixed-stacking donor-acceptor interactions) in the presence of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds in the regulation of CT properties in the self-assembly of the IM+–NPG−–HYD salt hydrate.

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Wen, PhD, Warren, Louise Taber, MD, Shau Yu Lynch, PhD, Ellie He, PhD, and Steven Ripa, MD. "12-Month safety and effectiveness of once-daily hydrocodone." Journal of Opioid Management 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2015.0283.

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Objective: To characterize the long-term safety and effectiveness of Hysingla™ ER, single-entity, once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate tablets formulated with abuse-deterrent properties (HYD), offering a new treatment option for appropriate patients with chronic pain.Design: An open-label study with a dose-titration period (up to 45 days) and a maintenance period (12 months).Patients, participants: A total of 922 patients with chronic nonmalignant and non-neuropathic moderate to severe pain received open-label HYD tablets 20-120 mg; 728 of these achieved a stabilized dose of HYD at the end of dose-titration and entered the maintenance period.Results: The safety profile was similar to that of other oral opioid analgesics, without new or unexpected safety concerns. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs; ≥5 percent) were those commonly associated with the use of systemic μ-opioid analgesics, including nausea, constipation, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, and headache. There were 77 (8 percent) patients with a total of 109 nonfatal treatment-emergent serious AEs. Few patients discontinued due to lack of therapeutic effect overall (6 percent), especially during the 12-month maintenance period (4 percent). Pain relief, sleep, functional health, and activities of daily living all improved at the end of the dose-titration period with HYD. These improvements were maintained through the 12-month maintenance period with stable HYD doses and without increase in concomitant supplemental analgesic medications.Conclusions: This long-term study demonstrated the safety and long-term maintenance of analgesic effect of HYD without continued need for dose increase.

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Liu, Meixia, Yun Wei, Yang Yang, Longtao Liu, Lin Liang, Jiangang Liu, and Hao Li. "Effects and Mechanism of Huannao Yicong Decoction Extract on the Ethology of Transgenic APP/PS1 Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9502067.

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To investigate the mechanism of Huannao Yicong Decoction (HYD) extract on improving of learning memory of transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice, we randomly divided 60 transgenic APP/PS1 mice of 3 months old into 4 groups: the model group, the Donepezil group, the HYD-L group, and the HYD-H group, with 15 C57BL/6J mice of the same genetic background as the control group. These mice were gavaged for 6 months in a row. The results showed that the latency was significantly shortened and the number of passing through the original platform was increased. HYD extract can increase the amount of neurons and improve the morphological structure of Nissl body obviously. The γ-secretase activity and the expression of phosphorylated APP, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 in hippocampal CA1 were significantly decreased. The expressions of protein and mRNA of PEN-2 and CREB in hippocampal were significantly downregulated. These results demonstrated that HYD extract can improve the memory ability of transgenic APP/PS1 mice, which was related to the protection of neurons and structure of Nissl body, reducing cleavage of APP and production of Aβ and inhibiting the activity of γ-secretase by decreasing CREB activity because of downregulated expression of PEN-2.

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Cao, Yu, Xingxing Jia, Yun Wei, Meixia Liu, Jiangang Liu, and Hao Li. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Huannao Yicong Decoction Extract Decreases Tau Hyperphosphorylation in the Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease Model Rats Induced by Aβ1–42." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6840432.

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Objective. Huannao Yicong Decoction (HYD,还脑益聪方) has been shown to improve the learning and memory capabilities of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined.Methods. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally and randomly into five different groups including control, positive control, and HYD granules of low dose, medium dose, and high dose by daily gavage. The sham-treated rats were also given the same volume of sterile water by gavage. Twelve SD rats were treated with the same amount of physiological saline. Twelve weeks later, learning and memory capabilities, Aβcontent of the right brain and the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β), total tau protein kinase (TTBK1), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) were tested.Results. Our results showed that high dose HYD treatment significantly improved the learning and memory capability of the AD rats and decreased the expression of TTBK1, GSK-3β, and CDK-5 in the hippocampal CA1 region.Conclusions. HYD treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved spatial learning and memory and effectively inhibited Aβdeposition, likely via reducing tau protein kinase expression and thus tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammatory injury. Taken together, these results suggest that HYD could be an effective treatment for AD.

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Pohorelic, Brant K. J., Johanna K. Voordouw, Elisabeth Lojou, Alain Dolla, Jens Harder, and Gerrit Voordouw. "Effects of Deletion of Genes Encoding Fe-Only Hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough on Hydrogen and Lactate Metabolism." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.3.679-686.2002.

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ABSTRACT The physiological properties of a hyd mutant of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, lacking periplasmic Fe-only hydrogenase, have been compared with those of the wild-type strain. Fe-only hydrogenase is the main hydrogenase of D. vulgaris Hildenborough, which also has periplasmic NiFe- and NiFeSe-hydrogenases. The hyd mutant grew less well than the wild-type strain in media with sulfate as the electron acceptor and H2 as the sole electron donor, especially at a high sulfate concentration. Although the hyd mutation had little effect on growth with lactate as the electron donor for sulfate reduction when H2 was also present, growth in lactate- and sulfate-containing media lacking H2 was less efficient. The hyd mutant produced, transiently, significant amounts of H2 under these conditions, which were eventually all used for sulfate reduction. The results do not confirm the essential role proposed elsewhere for Fe-only hydrogenase as a hydrogen-producing enzyme in lactate metabolism (W. A. M. van den Berg, W. M. A. M. van Dongen, and C. Veeger, J. Bacteriol. 173:3688–3694, 1991). This role is more likely played by a membrane-bound, cytoplasmic Ech-hydrogenase homolog, which is indicated by the D. vulgaris genome sequence. The physiological role of periplasmic Fe-only hydrogenase is hydrogen uptake, both when hydrogen is and when lactate is the electron donor for sulfate reduction.

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Martins, Tainá E., Tiago S. Acedo, Vinicius N. Gouvea, Guilherme S. Vasconcellos, Mário B. Arrigoni, Cyntia L. Martins, Danilo D. Millen, et al. "PSVII-6 Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on gene expression of feedlot cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.542.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HyD®, DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) supplementation in expression of genes related to anabolism and catabolism of feedlot cattle. A total of 120 Nellore bulls (IBW = 370±20 kg) were distributed in 24 fully roofed-pens with concrete floor (5 animals/pen) in a randomized complete block design (8 pens/treatment). The treatments were T1 (control): no supplementation of HyD®; T2: HyD® supplementation at 1 mg/animal/day; T3: HyD® supplementation at 3 mg/animal/day. Basal diet was formulated to meet requirements of finishing bulls, considering an ADG of 1.6 kg/day (Level 2 Nutrition System, Fox et al., 2004). Adaptation to diets followed a step-up scheme for 14 days, with concentrate inclusion being gradually increased from 76 to 91% DM. Finishing diets were offered from 15th to 100th day of feedlot period and animals fed twice a day (0800 and 1500), with bunks managed for a maximum of 5% orts. After slaughter, muscle samples were collected for quantitative evaluation of gene expression using RT-qPCR method, considering the following genes: SOD1 (antioxidant marker), IGF1, IGF2 and MTOR (anabolism), FOXO1, MURF1, Atrogin-1 and MSTN (catabolism). Statistical analysis was performed using PROC MIXED of SAS® and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. No significant differences among treatments were observed for SOD1, FOXO1, MURF1 and Atrogin-1 expression (P >0.05). However, tendencies (0.05 > P ≤0.10) could be observed for IGF1, IGF2, MTOR and MSTN expression in animals receiving HyD®, regardless of dosage. These results indicate a positive effect of HyD® on muscular anabolism and protein synthesis on feedlot finishing cattle. Moreover, the greater expression on MSTN suggest a higher protein turnover and muscular growth regulation. In conclusion, HyD® supplementation increased expression of genes correlated to muscular growth and protein synthesis, being a viable technology for beef cattle finished in feedlot systems.

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Niehues, Maria Betania, Alexandre Perdigão, Victor V. Valério de Carvalho, Tiago S. Acedo, Guilherme S. F. M. Vasconcellos, Luis Fernando Tamassia, Cyntia L. Martins, Danilo D. Millen, and Mário B. Arrigoni. "213 Feeding essential oils and α-amylase or its association with 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 improves productive performance by feedlot cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.294.

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Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of associating feed additives on performance of finishing cattle when fed a high-concentrate diet for 105 days. Twenty-four Angus-Nellore crossbred bulls (iBW, 456 ± 10.04 kg; age, 18 mo) were randomly allocated to three treatments with eight replicates per treatment (animal as experimental unit). The treatments were: 1) Control (MON) - Sodium Monensin, 26 mg/kg DM; 2) Crina® RumistarTM (CR) - a blend of essential oils, 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase, 560 mg/kg DM) and 3) CR + HyD® (25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 at 1 mg/animal/d). The DM intake and animalsˈ weight variables were assessed individually, by using the Intergado® electronic system and the Bosch® Precision Livestock platform placed in the feedlot pen, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS and means comparison evaluated by Tukey test at P < 0.05. The initial BW was used as a covariate when significant. Feeding CR and CR+HyD increased DMI (13.18 and 12.82 kg vs. 10.77 kg P < 0.01) and tended to increase ADG (1.94, 1.92 vs. 1.68kg/d, P = 0.07) and final BW (654, 652 vs. 628 kg, P = 0.08) compared with MON. Likewise, animals fed CR and CR+HyD had greater carcass ADG (1.38, 1.41 vs. 1.14 kg/d, P < 0.01), and HCW (368.53 and 371.87 vs. 344.13 kg; P < 0.01) compared to MON. In addition, feeding CR+HyD increased the dressing percentage in 2.1 percent points compared with MON (57.4 vs. 55.3%; P < 0.03). The G:F and the biological efficiency were similar among treatments (P = 0.50). We conclude that including Crina® RumistarTM +HyD® can be used as a tool to increase carcass production by feedlot cattle.

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Liu, Dianna, Feng Chen, Xue Yu, Linlin Xiu, Haiyan Liu, Shaohong Chen, Jie Gao, et al. "Do Different Species of Sargassum in Haizao Yuhu Decoction Cause Different Effects in a Rat Goiter Model?" Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5645620.

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Sargassum species combined with Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a famous herbal pair in traditional Chinese medicine, as one of the so-called “eighteen antagonistic medicaments.” In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, two different species of Sargassum, Sargassum pallidum and Sargassum fusiforme, are recorded but they are not clearly differentiated in clinical use. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the two species of Sargassum could result in different effects when combined with G. uralensis in Haizao Yuhu Decoction (HYD), which is used for treating thyroid-related diseases, especially goiter. HYD containing S. pallidum or S. fusiforme was administered to rats with propylthiouracil-induced goiter. After 4 weeks, pathological changes in the thyroid tissue and the relative thyroid weight indicated that HYD containing S. pallidum or S. fusiforme protected thyroid tissues from propylthiouracil damage. Neither species increased the propylthiouracil-induced decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormones. However, there were some differences in their actions, and only HYD containing S. fusiforme abated the propylthiouracil-induced elevation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and activated thyroglobulin mRNA expression.

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Lee, Eun Jung, Hyun Suk Kim, Kyung Seung Oh, Jong Min Kim, Sung Min Kim, Gyoo Sik Jung, Jin Do Huh, and Young Kuk Joh. "High Density Renal Medulla on Unenhanced CT: Significance and Relation with Hyd ration Status." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 40, no. 3 (1999): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1999.40.3.549.

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Mori, Fumiaki, Goyo Koya, and Masao Miwa. "MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE NOCICEPTIVE DISORDER IN THE INHERITED HYDROCEPHALIC RAT (HTX AND Hyd)." Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 7, no. 4 (1994): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.7.481.

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Kishi, Takuya, Yoshitaka Hirooka, and Kenji Sunagawa. "Brain Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Improves Dairy Blood Pressure Variability via Sympathoinhibition in Hypertensive Rats." International Journal of Hypertension 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/759629.

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Abnormal blood pressure (BP) elevation in early morning is known to cause cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested that one of the reasons in abnormal dairy BP variability is sympathoexcitation. We have demonstrated that brain angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) causes sympathoexcitation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether central AT1R blockade attenuates the excess BP elevation in rest-to-active phase in hypertensive rats or not. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were treated with intracerebroventricular infusion (ICV) of AT1R receptor blocker (ARB), oral administration of hydralazine (HYD), or ICV of vehicle (VEH). Telemetric averaged mean BP (MBP) was measured at early morning (EM), after morning (AM), and night (NT). At EM, MBP was significantly lower in ARB to a greater extent than in HYD compared to VEH, though MBP at AM was the same in ARB and HYD. At NT, MBP was also significantly lower in ARB than in HYD. These results in MBP were compatible to those in sympathoexcitation and suggest that central AT1R blockade attenuates excess BP elevation in early active phase and continuous BP elevation during rest phase independent of depressor response in hypertensive rats.

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Goldstein, D. L., and C. C. Ellis. "Effect of water restriction during growth and adulthood on kidney morphology of bobwhite quail." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): R117—R125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.1.r117.

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We raised bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) either with unrestricted water (HYD birds) or with restricted water (DEH birds). DEH quail grew more slowly and reached lower adult body mass. Despite this, kidney mass was not different in the two groups. The number of nephrons per kidney, heterogeneity of glomerular sizes, number of medullary cones per kidney, and lengths of medullary cones (equivalent to the lengths of the longest loops of Henle) did not differ between HYD and DEH quail. However, the mass of an individual medullary cone was greater in the DEH birds; this included both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the epithelia in thick ascending limbs of Henle and hypertrophy without hyperplasia in the collecting ducts. We found no differences among groups in the sizes of tubule cross sections from cortical nephron segments (proximal tubules). Water restriction of HYD birds for 5 days as adults stimulated tubule hypertrophy but not to the same extent as the chronic regimen and with no evidence for hyperplasia. DEH quail given unrestricted water as adults maintained elevated drinking rates for the full week water was available; this rehydration had no effect on sizes of tubule epithelia.

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Gerrett, Nicola, Katy Griggs, Bernard Redortier, Thomas Voelcker, Narihiko Kondo, and George Havenith. "Sweat from gland to skin surface: production, transport, and skin absorption." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00872.2017.

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By combining galvanic skin conductance (GSC), stratum corneum hydration (HYD) and regional surface sweat rate (RSR) measurements at the arm, thigh, back and chest, we closely monitored the passage of sweat from gland to skin surface. Through a varied exercise-rest protocol, sweating was increased slowly and decreased in 16 male and female human participants (25.3 ± 4.7 yr, 174.6 ± 10.1 cm, 71.3 ± 12.0 kg, 53.0 ± 6.8 ml·kg−1·min−1). ∆GSC and HYD increased before RSR, indicating pre-secretory sweat gland activity and skin hydration. ∆GSC and HYD typically increased concomitantly during rest in a warm environment (30.1 ± 1.0°C, 30.0 ± 4.7% relative humidity) and only at the arm did ∆GSC increase before an increase in HYD. HYD increased before RSR, before sweat was visible on the skin, but not to full saturation, contradicting earlier hypotheses. Maximal skin hydration did occur, as demonstrated by a plateau in all regions. Post exercise rest resulted in a rapid decrease in HYD and RSR but a delayed decline in ∆GSC. Evidence for reabsorption of surface sweat into the skin following a decline in sweating, as hypothesized in the literature, was not found. This suggests that skin surface sweat, after sweating is decreased, may not diffuse back into the dermis, but is only evaporated. These data, showing distinctly different responses for the three measured variables, provide useful information about the fate of sweat from gland to surface that is relevant across numerous research fields (e.g., thermoregulation, dermatology, ergonomics and material design). NEW & NOTEWORTHY After sweat gland stimulation, sweat travels through the duct, penetrating the epidermis before appearing on the skin surface. We found that only submaximal stratum corneum hydration was required before surface sweating occurred. However, full hydration occurred only once sweat was on the surface. Once sweating reduces, surface sweat evaporation continues, but there is a delayed drying of the skin. This information is relevant across various research fields, including environmental ergonomics, dermatology, thermoregulation, and skin-interface interactions.

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Wojciechowski, Krzysztof, and Lucjan Szuster. "[Azo-Hyd] Tautomerism and Structure of Selected Metal Complex Dyes AM1 and ZINDO/1 Methods." Computational Chemistry 04, no. 04 (2016): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cc.2016.44010.

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Muhd Noor, Noor Dina, Koji Nishikawa, Hirofumi Nishihara, Ki-Seok Yoon, Seiji Ogo, and Yoshiki Higuchi. "Improved purification, crystallization and crystallographic study of Hyd-2-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15024152.

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The purification procedure of Hyd-2-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77 was improved by applying treatment with trypsin before chromatography. Purified protein samples both with and without trypsin treatment were successfully crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. Both crystals belonged to space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 63.90,b= 118.89,c= 96.70 Å, β = 100.61° for the protein subjected to trypsin treatment anda= 65.38,b= 121.45,c= 98.63 Å, β = 102.29° for the sample not treated with trypsin. The crystal obtained from the trypsin-treated protein diffracted to 1.60 Å resolution, which is considerably better than the 2.00 Å resolution obtained without trypsin treatment. The [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77 retained catalytic activity with some amount of O2, indicating that it has clear O2tolerance.

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Wallwork, Vince, Zhenghe Xu, and Jacob Masliyah. "Processibility of Athabasca Oil Sand Using a Laboratory Hyd ro t ransport Extraction System (LHES)." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 82, no. 4 (May 19, 2008): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450820407.

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Zhang, F., and P. T. Vasudevan. "TPD and HYD Studies of Unpromoted and Co-Promoted Molybdenum Sulfide Catalyst Ex Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate." Journal of Catalysis 157, no. 2 (December 1995): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1995.1317.

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Marbán, G., and T. Valdés-Solís. "Corrigendum to “Towards the hydrogen economy?” [Int. J. Hyd. Energy 32(12) (2007) 1625–1637]." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33, no. 2 (January 2008): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.11.002.

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Weber, R. W. S. "Occurrence of Hyd R3 fenhexamid resistance among Botrytis isolates in Northern German soft fruit production." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 117, no. 4 (August 2010): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03356357.

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Baldovino-Medrano, V. G., P. Eloy, E. M. Gaigneaux, Sonia A. Giraldo, and Aristóbulo Centeno. "Development of the HYD route of hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophenes over Pd–Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 267, no. 2 (October 25, 2009): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.08.004.

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Shimizu, Akira, and Masao Koto. "Ultrastructure and movement of the ependymal and tracheal cilia in congenitally hydrocephalic WIC-Hyd rats." Child's Nervous System 8, no. 1 (February 1992): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00316558.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HYD'

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