Academic literature on the topic 'Hydratace'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydratace"

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Hernanz, A., and M. de la Fuente. "Characterization of aconitate hydratase from mitochondria and cytoplasm of ascites tumor cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 66, no. 7 (1988): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o88-090.

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This paper describes the characterization of aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3) in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial extracts from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells carried by BALB/C mice. The results show a similar distribution of aconitate hydratase in both extracts, with specific activities much lower than those found in pig and mouse tissues. Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase shows a substrate inhibition by citrate with a Km similar to that found in cytoplasm (Km = 1.0 mM and 0.9 mM, respectively). Oxalacetate produces a mixed type of inhibition in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aconitate hydratases with different inhibition constants (Ki = 0.3 mM and 1.0 mM, respectively). Moreover, the specific activities of aconitate hydratase in both cytoplasm and mitochondria decrease when the tumor progresses in the peritoneum of BALB/C mice, as well as the percentage of aconitate hydratase activity in the presence of oxalacetate as the inhibitor. These results indicate that the activity and kinetics of aconitate hydratase are markedly altered by neoplastic transformation as occurs in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Since aconitate hydratase is not a key enzyme, these unexpected data are of interest in the study of cancer biochemistry.
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DIEUAIDE-NOUBHANI, Martine, Dmitry NOVIKOV, Joël VANDEKERCKHOVE, Paul P. Van VELDHOVEN та Guy P. MANNAERTS. "Identification and characterization of the 2-enoyl-CoA hydratases involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation in rat liver". Biochemical Journal 321, № 1 (1997): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210253.

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In this study we attempted to determine the number of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratases involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation. We therefore separated peroxisomal proteins from rat liver on several chromatographic columns and measured hydratase activities on the eluates with different substrates. The results indicate that rat liver peroxisomes contain two hydratase activities: (1) a hydratase activity associated with multifunctional protein 1 (MFP-1) (2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase/l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and (2) a hydratase activity associated with MFP-2 (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/d-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/2-enoyl-CoA hydratase). MFP-1 forms and dehydrogenates l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA species, whereas MFP-2 forms and dehydrogenates d-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA species. A portion of MFP-2 is proteolytically cleaved, most probably in the peroxisome, into a 34 kDa 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/d-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and a 45 kDa d-specific 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase. Finally, the results confirm that MFP-1 is involved in the degradation of straight-chain fatty acids, whereas MFP-2 and its cleavage products seem to be involved in the degradation of the side chain of cholesterol (bile acid synthesis)
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Mothes, Gisela, and Wolfgang Babel. "Methylobacterium rhodesianumMB 126 possesses two stereospecific crotonyl-CoA hydratases." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 13 (1995): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-170.

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Two distinct crotonyl-CoA hydratases of Methylobacterium rhodesianum MB 126 were separated by column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The two enzymes were further purified by chromatography on red 120 agarose and Mono Q. Enzyme A was specific for L(+)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. It had an apparent molecular weight of 160 000 with two identical subunits of 43 000 and 34 000. The apparent Kmvalues for L(+)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and crotonyl-CoA were 83 and 90 μM, respectively. Enzyme B was specific for D(−)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. It had an apparent molecular weight of 39 000 with identical subunits of 12 500. It showed sigmoidal kinetics for crotonyl-CoA, and the Hill coefficient was about 2.5. The apparent Kmvalue for D(−)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA was 0.5 mM. The possible contribution of a sequence including β-ketothiolase, NADH-linked L(+)-specific acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, and two stereospecific crotonyl-CoA hydratases to PHB synthesis in methylotrophic serine-pathway bacteria is discussed.Key words: poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, crotonyl-CoA hydratase, methylotroph, Methylobacterium rhodesianum.
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Niziol, Jacek, Jan Kobierski, Hubert Haranczyk, Dorota Zalitacz, Edyta Hebda, and Jan Pielichowski. "Hydration properties of selected DNA-lipid complexes." Polimery 60, no. 01 (2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2015.018.

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Hagedoorn, Peter Leon, Frank Hollmann, and Ulf Hanefeld. "Novel oleate hydratases and potential biotechnological applications." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 16-17 (2021): 6159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11465-x.

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Abstract Oleate hydratase catalyses the addition of water to the CC double bond of oleic acid to produce (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid. The enzyme requires an FAD cofactor that functions to optimise the active site structure. A wide range of unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrated at the C10 and in some cases the C13 position. The substrate scope can be expanded using ‘decoy’ small carboxylic acids to convert small chain alkenes to secondary alcohols, albeit at low conversion rates. Systematic protein engineering and directed evolution to widen the substrate scope and increase the conversion rate is possible, supported by new high throughput screening assays that have been developed. Multi-enzyme cascades allow the formation of a wide range of products including keto-fatty acids, secondary alcohols, secondary amines and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. Key points • Phylogenetically distinct oleate hydratases may exhibit mechanistic differences. • Protein engineering to improve productivity and substrate scope is possible. • Multi-enzymatic cascades greatly widen the product portfolio.
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Katayama, Yoko, Yasuhiko Matsushita, Miyuki Kaneko, Mai Kondo, Tadayoshi Mizuno, and Hiroshi Nyunoya. "Cloning of Genes Coding for the Three Subunits of Thiocyanate Hydrolase of Thiobacillus thioparus THI 115 and Their Evolutionary Relationships to Nitrile Hydratase." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 10 (1998): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.10.2583-2589.1998.

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ABSTRACT Thiocyanate hydrolase is a newly found enzyme fromThiobacillus thioparus THI 115 that converts thiocyanate to carbonyl sulfide and ammonia (Y. Katayama, Y. Narahara, Y. Inoue, F. Amano, T. Kanagawa, and H. Kuraishi, J. Biol. Chem. 267:9170–9175, 1992). We have cloned and sequenced the scngenes that encode the three subunits of the enzyme. ThescnB, scnA, and scnC genes, arrayed in this order, contained open reading frames encoding sequences of 157, 126, and 243 amino acid residues, respectively, for the β, α, and γ subunits, respectively. Each open reading frame was preceded by a typical Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The deduced amino-terminal peptide sequences for the three subunits were in fair agreement with the chemically determined sequences. The protein molecular mass calculated for each subunit was compatible with that determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From a computer analysis, thiocyanate hydrolase showed significant homologies to bacterial nitrile hydratases known to convert nitrile to the corresponding amide, which is further hydrolyzed by amidase to form acid and ammonia. The two enzymes were homologous over regions corresponding to almost the entire coding regions of the genes: the β and α subunits of thiocyanate hydrolase were homologous to the amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves of the β subunit of nitrile hydratase, and the γ subunit of thiocyanate hydrolase was homologous to the α subunit of nitrile hydratase. Comparisons of the catalytic properties of the two homologous enzymes support the model for the reaction steps of thiocyanate hydrolase that was previously presented on the basis of biochemical analyses.
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Brandão, Pedro F. B., Justin P. Clapp, and Alan T. Bull. "Diversity of Nitrile Hydratase and Amidase Enzyme Genes in Rhodococcus erythropolis Recovered from Geographically Distinct Habitats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (2003): 5754–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.5754-5766.2003.

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ABSTRACT A molecular screening approach was developed in order to amplify the genomic region that codes for the α- and β-subunits of the nitrile hydratase (NHase) enzyme in rhodococci. Specific PCR primers were designed for the NHase genes from a collection of nitrile-degrading actinomycetes, but amplification was successful only with strains identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. A hydratase PCR product was also obtained from R. erythropolis DSM 43066T, which did not grow on nitriles. Southern hybridization of other members of the nitrile-degrading bacterial collection resulted in no positive signals other than those for the R. erythropolis strains used as positive controls. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PRS) analysis of the hydratases in the R. erythropolis strains revealed unique patterns that mostly correlated with distinct geographical sites of origin. Representative NHases were sequenced, and they exhibited more than 92.4% similarity to previously described NHases. The phylogenetic analysis and deduced amino acid sequences suggested that the novel R. erythropolis enzymes belonged to the iron-type NHase family. Some different residues in the translated sequences were located near the residues involved in the stabilization of the NHase active site, suggesting that the substitutions could be responsible for the different enzyme activities and substrate specificities observed previously in this group of actinomycetes. A similar molecular screening analysis of the amidase gene was performed, and a correlation between the PRS patterns and the geographical origins identical to the correlation found for the NHase gene was obtained, suggesting that there was coevolution of the two enzymes in R. erythropolis. Our findings indicate that the NHase and amidase genes present in geographically distinct R. erythropolis strains are not globally mixed.
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Poudel, Nirmal, Jens Pfannstiel, Oliver Simon, Nadine Walter, Anastassios C. Papageorgiou, and Dieter Jendrossek. "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isohexenyl Glutaconyl Coenzyme A Hydratase (AtuE) Is Upregulated in Citronellate-Grown Cells and Belongs to the Crotonase Family." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 19 (2015): 6558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01686-15.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosais one of only a fewPseudomonasspecies that are able to use acyclic monoterpenoids, such as citronellol and citronellate, as carbon and energy sources. This is achieved by the acyclic terpene utilization pathway (Atu), which includes at least six enzymes (AtuA, AtuB, AtuCF, AtuD, AtuE, AtuG) and is coupled to a functional leucine-isovalerate utilization (Liu) pathway. Here, quantitative proteome analysis was performed to elucidate the terpene metabolism ofP. aeruginosa. The proteomics survey identified 187 proteins, including AtuA to AtuG and LiuA to LiuE, which were increased in abundance in the presence of citronellate. In particular, two hydratases, AtuE and the PA4330 gene product, out of more than a dozen predicted in theP. aeruginosaproteome showed an increased abundance in the presence of citronellate. AtuE (isohexenyl-glutaconyl coenzyme A [CoA] hydratase; EC 4.2.1.57) most likely catalyzes the hydration of the unsaturated distal double bond in the isohexenyl-glutaconyl-CoA thioester to yield 3-hydroxy-3-isohexenyl-glutaryl-CoA. Determination of the crystal structure of AtuE at a 2.13-Å resolution revealed a fold similar to that found in the hydratase (crotonase) superfamily and provided insights into the nature of the active site. The AtuE active-site architecture showed a significantly broader cavity than other crotonase superfamily members, in agreement with the need to accommodate the branched isoprenoid unit of terpenes. Glu139 was identified to be a potential catalytic residue, while the backbone NH groups of Gly116 and Gly68 likely form an oxyanion hole. The present work deepens the understanding of terpene metabolism inPseudomonasand may serve as a basis to develop new strategies for the biotechnological production of terpenoids.
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Gardner, Paul R. "Superoxide-Driven Aconitase FE-S Center Cycling." Bioscience Reports 17, no. 1 (1997): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1027383100936.

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O−2 produced by the autoxidation of respiratory chain electron carriers, and other cellular reductants, inactivates bacterial and mammalian iron-sulfur-containing (de)hydratases including the citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase. Release of the solvent-exposed iron atom and oxidation of the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster accompanies loss of catalytic activity. Rapid reactivation is achieved by iron-sulfur cluster reduction and Fe2+ insertion. Inactivation-reactivation is a dynamic and cyclical process which modulates aconitase and (de)hydratase activities in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. The balance of inactive and active aconitase provides a sensitive measure of the changes in steady-statO−2 levels occuring in living cells and mitochondria under stress conditions. Aconitases are also inactivated by other oxidants including O2, H2O2, NO., and ONOO− which are associated with inflammation, hyperoxia and other pathophysiological conditions. Loss of aconitase activity during oxidant stress may impair energy production, and the liberation of reactive iron may further enhance oxidative damage. Iron-sulfur center cycling may also serve adaptive functions by modulating gene expression or by signaling metabolic quiescence.
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QIN, Yong-Mei, M. Antti HAAPALAINEN, Demara CONRY, A. Dean CUEBAS, J. Kalervo HILTUNEN, and K. Dmitry NOVIKOV. "Recombinant 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase derived from rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme 2: role of the hydratase reaction in bile acid synthesis." Biochemical Journal 328, no. 2 (1997): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3280377.

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Rat liver peroxisomes contain two multifunctional enzymes: (1) perMFE-1 [2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 1/Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase/(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase] and (2) perMFE-2 [2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2/(R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase]. To investigate the role of the hydratase activity of perMFE-2 in β-oxidation, a truncated version of perMFE-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein. The protein catalyses the hydration of straight-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoAs to (3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoAs, but it is devoid of hydratase 1 [(2E)-enoyl-CoA to (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA] and (3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. The purified enzyme (46 kDa hydratase 2) can be stored as an active enzyme for at least half a year. The recombinant enzyme hydrates (24E)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy- 5β-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA to (24R,25R)-3α,7α,12α,24-tetrahydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA, which has previously been characterized as a physiological intermediate in bile acid synthesis. The stereochemistry of the products indicates that the hydration reaction catalysed by the enzyme proceeds via a syn mechanism. A monofunctional 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 has not been observed as a wild-type protein. The recombinant 46 kDa hydratase 2 described here survives in a purified form under storage, thus being the first protein of this type amenable to application as a tool in metabolic studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydratace"

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Průšová, Alena. "Hydratace hyaluronové kyseliny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216335.

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Hydratace patří mezi nejdůležitější faktory ovlivňující sekundární strukturu a tím i funkci molekul v živých systémech. Díky vysoké afinitě tvoří molekuly vody specifické struktury jejichž složení a fyzikální vlastnosti jsou ovlivněny přítomností studované látky. Hyaluronan patří mezi biomolekuly s obrovskou schopností vázat a zadržovat vodu. Cílem této práce bylo prozkoumat hydratační vlastnosti hyaluronanu o různé molekulové hmotnosti a vyčíslit množství molekul vody v jednotlivých hydratačních vrstvách. V první části práce byla využita metoda diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie. V druhé části diplomové práce, na základě rozdílné kompresibility, byla vázaná voda studována metodou vysoko rozlišovací ultrazvukové spektroskopie.
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Bursáková, Petra. "Hydratace huminových látek." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233326.

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Tato dizertační práce studuje charakter hydratační vody v systému voda/huminová látka. Úkolem je určit jak kvantitativní, tak i kvalitativní aspekty hydratace huminových látek (HS) v pevné i kapalné fázi a prozkoumat rozdíly ve vlastnostech vody obklopující huminovou látku s použitím vysokorozlišovací ultrazvukové spektroskopie (HRUS) a metod termické analýzy, jako je diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie (DSC) a termogravimetrie (TGA). Hlavním cílem této práce je přispět k objasnění problému hydratace huminových látek pocházejících z různých zdrojů a majících proto odlišné vlastnosti a složení, a to s využitím postupů a technik, které se již dříve osvědčily při stanovení hydratační vody v hydrofilních polymerech. Tato práce zkoumá účinek vody na strukturu huminových látek, způsob, jakým voda smáčí jejich povrch a jak jimi proniká, způsobuje změny v konformaci HS, jejich retenční kapacitu a také vliv původu jednotlivých huminových látek na jejich hydratační vlastnosti s ohledem na kineticku těchto procesů. Dále studuje vliv stupně humifikace na hydratační procesy huminových látek, stejně jako reverzibilitu těchto procesů. Výsledky této práce objasňují paralelu s vlastnostmi hydrogelů a podobnosti i odlišnosti mezi biopolymery a huminovými látkami.
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Šméralová, Ester. "Hydratace biokolidů - kalorimetrická studie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402122.

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Presented master's thesis focuses on the study of hydration of selected biocolloid substances, specifically humic substances (humic acids and fulvic acids), hyaluronic acid with three different molecular weight, chitosan and dextran. Interaction of biocolloids with water was studied by different methods. The effect of solubility, structure, functional groups in molecule on sorption and hydration ability of these biocolloids was investigated. In the case of hyaluronan the influence of molecular weight was also study. Differential scanning calorimetry DSC and perfusion calorimetry give results of heat of hydration, enthalpies and temperature of crystallization and melting. Thermogravimetric analysis TGA was used to determine the original moisture content of the samples.
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Bola, Tomáš. "Využití mikrokalorimetrie při studiu hydratace biopolymerů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376793.

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This master thesis deals with the using of microcalorimetry in the study of hydration of biopolymers. Lactose has been selected together with the other biopolymers although it is not among biopolymers but disaccharides. Selected biopolymers are alginate, dextrane, chitosan and hyaluronan of two molecular weights. Lactose has been selected for these purposes mainly because it is a model example to determine whether or not the reaction to moisture between the other samples and the saturated salt solution occurs. The biopolymer hydration study, as opposed to the commonly used perfusion calorimetry method using the possibility of measuring with adjustable moisture has been used an isothermal microcalorimetry method where at two constant temperatures the reaction of the sample to the different moisture released by the saturated salt solution was monitored.
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Halešová, Adéla. "Studium tvorby a kinetiky hydratace belitického slínku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265435.

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DIPLOMA THESIS IS DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF PREPARATION OF PURE BELITE CLINKER FOR THE POTENTIAL INCREASE OF KINETICS OF THE HYDRATION PROCESS BY CHEMICAL ACTIVATION. THE THESIS OF THIS WORK IS BASED ON RESEARCH FINDINGS CONCERNING BELITE CLINKER AND RESEARCH AT THE INSTITUTE OF THD. THE THESIS AIMS TO DESIGN COMPOSITION OF THE RAW MEAL BURNING BELITE, FOLLOWING MODIFICATION BY SULPHATE AND POTASSIUM CARBONATE IN ORDER TO POTENTIALLY INCREASE THE REACTIVITY OF THE BURNT BELITE CLINKER AND THE LABORATORY FIRING OF PREPARED SAMPLES. THE LAST STEP WAS TO ASSESS THE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF BURNED SAMPLES XRD ANALYSIS AND FOLLOWING COMPARISON CELL PARAMETER OF BELITE WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED MODIFYING ADDITIVES.
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Ptáček, Martin. "Studium ovlivnění hydratace portlandského cementu působením zinku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401945.

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The topic of this work is the monitoring of the effect of zinc on the hydration process in Portland mixed cement (specifically with the addition of finely ground granulated blast-furnace slag, high temperature fly ash and fluidized bed combustion filter ash). How much zinc and at what time it remains in the pore solution during hydration. Activation energy of a mixture of cement with zinc in the form of soluble salts (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and ZnCl2) and insoluble oxide (ZnO) by isothermal calorimetry was also investigated. The XRF method has shown composition during hydration. The zinc retardation effect was investigated by isothermal calorimetry and activation energy was calculated using this method. The XRF and ICP-OES methods were used to measure the zinc content of the pore solution. And the amount of portlandite was monitored by the DTA and XRF method.
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Chadima, Jan. "Úskalí zastavování hydratace alkalicky aktivované strusky organickými látkami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449705.

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This thesis deals with the stopping of hydration of alkali activated slag by organic solvents and investigates to what extent the selected organic solvent affects the results of the analyses. The solvents used were acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol and methanol, and this is because these are the most commonly used organic solvents in practice. Thermogravimetric analysis along with differential thermal analysis was used to assess the degree of influence of organic solvents on the alkali activated slag and Portland cement samples. Methanol and acetone affected the samples the most and the longer the sample was stored in the solvent, the more it reacted with the organic solvent. The adverse interaction of organic solvent was greatest for the Portland cement samples. Samples that were rinsed with diethyl ether prior to analysis had lower mass losses than samples that were not rinsed. In the case of alkali activated slag, it was found that the way in which the thermogravimetric results were affected by organic solvents was highly dependent on the activator used, with the smallest effect observed for Na2CO3 activation, while the largest effect was observed for NaOH activation at temperatures below 600 °C, and for higher temperatures for water glass activation.
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Dvořáková, Tereza. "Studium hydratace RPC (Reactive Powder Concretes) v hydrotermálních podmínkách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433098.

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The diploma thesis deals with the study of hydration of reactive powder concrete under hydrotermal conditions. The theoretical part describes the properties of materials and additives used for the preparation of mixtures. The following describes the principles and requiments for the materials for preparing the reactive powder concrete. The practical part is studied design method mix and the impact of materials to the consistency of paste. The effect of cample placement on flexural and compressive strength of the prepared mixtures was observed. The samples were stored under standart laboratory conditions and under hydrothermal conditions. The phase composition of the samples was monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis and the mocrostructure by scanning electron microscopy.
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Grebíková, Lucie. "Hydratace a struktura huminových kyselin studovaná metodami termické analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216662.

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Cílem této práce bylo užití termické analýzy, především teplotně modulované diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie (TMDSC) k odhalení změn ve struktuře huminových kyselin (HA), způsobených pravidelným vlhčením HA vodou a jejím opakovaným sušením. Celkový počet cyklů vlhčení byl pět, neboť následující cykly již nezpůsobily žádné další pozorovatelné strukturální změny. Experimenty provedené v této práci ukázaly, že voda hraje roli nejen v bobtnání struktury HA a přerušení van der Waalsových sil, ale i v přerušení některých vodíkových vazeb, což má větší vliv na snížení teploty skelného přechodu, Tg. Změny v teplotách skelného přechodu byly nepatrné, protože voda ovlivnila především okolí amorfních domén (zodpovědných za skelný přechod), než domény samotné. Dalším úkolem bylo ozřejmit roli volných lipidů ve stabilitě fyzikální struktury HA s ohledem na opakované vlhčení a sušení. Voda periodicky stabilizovala a destabilizovala strukturu HA, ve vzorku HA bez volných lipidů byl vliv vody krátkodobý, voda potřebovala méně času k vyvolání změn ve vzorku, zatímco v původním vzorku byly změny kontinuální. Opakované vlhčení vyvolalo pokles v teplotách fázových přeměn v každém cyklu v porovnání s předcházejícím a ovlivnilo především kinetické procesy, jmenovitě krystalizaci/krystalickou reorganizaci. Opakované vlhčení dále způsobovalo redistribuci a vymytí hydrofilních molekul a tím postupnou hydrofobizaci celé struktury.
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Kocián, Karel. "Příprava a průběh hydratace pojivového systému na bázi stroncium aluminátového cementu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217145.

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This diploma thesis deals with non-traditional binder, which is strontium aluminate, with his preparation and hydration. The behaviour of binary and ternary mixtures of strontium-calcium-barium aluminates was also studied. These aluminates were prepared by firing an equimolar mixture of aluminum oxide and the appropriate carbonate. Samples prepared this way, including their mixtures, were characterized by analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis (TG-DTA and EGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and calorimetry, with the greatest importance for the study of the hydration process.
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Books on the topic "Hydratace"

1

Sloan, E. Dendy. Hydrate engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000.

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Demirbas, Ayhan. Methane gas hydrate. Springer, 2010.

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Demirbas, Ayhan. Methane Gas Hydrate. Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-872-8.

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Małolepszy, Jan. Hydratacja i własności spoiwa żużlowo-alkalicznego. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie, 1989.

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Max, Michael D., Arthur H. Johnson, and William P. Dillon. Economic Geology of Natural Gas Hydrate. Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3972-7.

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Boatman, Mary C. Oceanic gas hydrate research and activities review. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 2000.

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Boatman, Mary C. Oceanic gas hydrate research and activities review. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 2000.

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GOVERNMENT, US. Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Wang, Zhiyuan, Baojiang Sun, and Yonghai Gao. Natural Gas Hydrate Management in Deepwater Gas Well. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6418-5.

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Max, Michael D., ed. Natural Gas Hydrate In Oceanic and Permafrost Environments. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4387-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydratace"

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Vanharanta, Sakari, and Virpi Launonen. "Fumarate Hydratase." In Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2278.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Nitrile hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 17. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_20.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Dimethylmaleate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 17. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_21.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Kievitone hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 17. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_31.

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Vanharanta, Sakari, and Virpi Launonen. "Fumarate Hydratase." In Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_2278-2.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Margit Salzmann. "Acetylenecarboxylate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86605-0_193.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Margit Salzmann. "Acetylenedicarboxylate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86605-0_194.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Margit Salzmann. "Fumarate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86605-0_130.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Margit Salzmann. "Aconitate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86605-0_131.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Margit Salzmann. "Maleate hydratase." In Enzyme Handbook 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86605-0_156.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydratace"

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Bozhko, Yu Yu, and O. S. Yashutina. "Dissociation of double hydrate and methane hydrate." In INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENERGY EQUIPMENT” (HMTTSC 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120653.

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Song, Shangfei, Bohui Shi, Weichao Yu, Wang Li, and Jing Gong. "Optimization of Hydrate Management in Deepwater Gas Well Testing Operations." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78269.

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Low temperature and high pressure conditions in deep water wells and sub-sea pipelines favour the formation of gas clathrate hydrates which is very undesirable during oil and gas industries operation. The management of hydrate formation and plugging risk is essential for the flow assurance in the oil and gas production. This study aims to show how the hydrate management in the deepwater gas well testing operations in the South China Sea can be optimized. As a result of the low temperature and the high pressure in the vertical 3860 meter-tubing, hydrate would form in the tubing during well testing operations. To prevent the formation or plugging of hydrate, three hydrate management strategies are investigated including thermodynamic inhibitor injection, hydrate slurry flow technology and thermodynamic inhibitor integrated with kinetic hydrate inhibitor. The first method, injecting considerable amount of thermodynamic inhibitor (Mono Ethylene Glycol, MEG) is also the most commonly used method to prevent hydrate formation. Thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor tracking is utilized to obtain the distribution of MEG along the pipeline. Optimal dosage of MEG is calculated through further analysis. The second method, hydrate slurry flow technology is applied to the gas well. Low dosage hydrate inhibitor of antiagglomerate is added into the flow system to prevent the aggregation of hydrate particles after hydrate formation. Pressure Drop Ratio (PDR) is defined to denote the hydrate blockage risk margin. The third method is a recently proposed hydrate risk management strategy which prevents the hydrate formation by addition of Poly-N-VinylCaprolactam (PVCap) as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI). The delayed effect of PVCap on the hydrate formation induction time ensures that hydrates do not form in the pipe. This method is effective in reducing the injection amount of inhibitor. The problems of the three hydrate management strategies which should be paid attention to in industrial application are analyzed. This work promotes the understanding of hydrate management strategy and provides guidance for hydrate management optimization in oil and gas industry.
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Sun, Xiaohui, Baojiang Sun, and Zhiyuan Wang. "Wellbore Dynamics of Kick Evolution Considering Hydrate Phase Transition on Gas Bubbles Surface During Deepwater Drilling." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61125.

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It is of high potential and risk to form gas hydrate along the wellbore in deepwater drilled-kick scenarios. Considering the transient mass transfer process that appears as the hydrate shell renewal at gas-liquid interface, we build a fully coupled hydrodynamic-hydrate model to describe the interaction of hydrate phase transition characteristics and wellbore multiphase flow behaviors. Through comparison with experimental data, the performance of proposed model is validated and evaluated. The simulation results show that the hydrate formation region is mainly near the seafloor affected by the fluid temperature and pressure distributions along the wellbore. The volume change and mass transfer over a hydrate coated moving bubble, vary complicatedly, because of the hydrate formation, hydrate decomposition and bubble dissolution (both gas and hydrate). Overall, hydrate phase transition can significantly alter the void fraction and migration velocity of free gas in two aspects: (1) when gas enters the hydrate stability field, a solid hydrate shell will form around the gas bubble, and thereby the velocity and void fraction of free gas can be considerably decreased; (2) the free gas will separate from solid hydrate and expand rapidly near the sea surface (out of hydrate stability field), which can lead to an abrupt hydrostatic pressure loss and explosive development of kick accident. These two phenomena generated by hydrate phase transition can make deepwater gas kick to be “hidden” and “abrupt” successively, and present challenges to early kick detection and wellbore pressure management.
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Lachance, Jason W., and Brendon L. Keinath. "Hydrate Cold Restarts: Paradigm Shifts in Hydrate Management." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-18432-ms.

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Meindinyo, Remi-Erempagamo T., Runar Bøe, Thor Martin Svartås, and Silje Bru. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Gas Hydrate Content on Heat Transfer." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41280.

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Gas hydrates are the foremost flow assurance issue in deep water operations. Since heat transfer is a limiting factor in gas hydrate formation processes, a better understanding of its relation to hydrate formation is important. This work presents findings from experimental study of the effect of gas hydrate content on heat transfer through a cylindrical wall. The experiments were carried out at temperature conditions similar to those encountered in flowlines in deep water conditions. Experiments were conducted on methane hydrate, Tetrahydrofuran hydrate, and ethylene oxide hydrate respectively in stirred cylindrical high pressure autoclave cells. Methane hydrate was formed at 90 bars (pressure), and 8°C, followed by a cooling/heating cycle in the range of 8°C → 4°C → 8°C. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethylene oxide (EO) hydrates were formed at atmospheric pressure and system temperature of 1°C in contact with atmospheric air. This was followed by a heating/cooling cycle within the range of 1°C → 4°C → 1°C, since the hydrate equilibrium temperature of THF hydrate is 4.98°C in contact with air at atmospheric pressure. The experimental conditions of the latter hydrate formers were more controlled, given that both THF and EO are miscible with water. We found in all cases a general trend of decreasing heat transfer coefficient of the cell content with increasing concentration of hydrate in the cell, indicating that hydrate formation creates a heat transfer barrier. The hydrate equilibrium temperature seemed to change with a change in the stoichiometric concentration of THF and EO. While the methane hydrate cooling/heating cycles were performed under quiescent conditions, the effect of stirring was investigated for the latter hydrate formers.
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Yuan, Zhu, Liu Kang, and Chan Guoming. "Risk Assessment and Countermeasure on Drilling and Production Process of Deep Water Gas Hydrate in the South China Sea." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18532.

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Abstract Deep-water natural gas hydrate has high environmental risk and high technical difficulty in drilling and production. In order to promote the development of gas hydrate, we develop the assessment methods and control technologies for the operation risk during hydrate drilling and production. The work completed includes: (1) Safety analysis of conductor and wellhead for the hydrate drilling and production Establish a pipe-wellhead stability model to determine the drilling and working conditions under different working conditions. (2) Risk assessment of wellbore blockage in hydrate drilling and production Construct a wellbore multiphase flow analysis model to determine the amount of drilling inhibitor injection; obtain the location and extent of the hydrate blockage. (3) Risk assessment of wellbore instability in hydrate production Combined with hydrate formation properties, ground stress distribution and casing mechanics model, the position of the formation instability, and the damage of casing crushing is determined. (4) Gas diffusion risk assessment due to hydrate decomposition in water Study the distribution of underwater gas diffusion formed by large-area decomposition of hydrate to get the overflow flow risk. (5) Safety model and process risk assessment of hydrate drilling operations Conduct hazard identification and operation safety analysis of hydrate drilling operations, determine the risk level of each operation stage, and support the drilling operation.
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Yu, Xichong, Li Gang, Weixin Pang, and Wu Yaling. "Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanism of Gas Hydrate Development for South China Sea." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23202.

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The decomposition process of gas hydrate in sediments is actually the dynamic phase transition process of solid hydrate in sediments after absorbing heat decomposition. According to the phase equilibrium characteristics of gas hydrate, there are three basic development methods, including heating, chemical injecting and depressurization. Currently, there is no good commercial software used to simulate heat transmission and mass transfer in the gas hydrate decomposition process. So in this paper, based on typical gas hydrate sediment in South China Sea, microcosmic, mesocosmic (fractal theory) and macrocosmic scales are respectively used to successfully reveal the heat and mass transfer mechanism of three basis development methods. Molecular dynamics simulation shows heat injection is the best method for heat and mass transferring, and chemical injecting is better than depressurization. Fractal theory is successfully used to describe the complex structure of the porous sediments with gas hydrate occurrence, and can realize the prediction of heat and mass transfer law of hydrate dissociation in porous media. Macrocosmic numerical simulation of depressurization for gas hydrate sediment in South China Sea shows gas hydrate reservoir geological model has a large influence on the gas hydrate decomposition, and permeability and hydrate saturation of the upper cover layer have great effect on gas hydrate decomposition. It is poor development efficiency for only depressurization development and the problem of water drainage should be paid attention during development process.
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Guo, Zheng, Bekir E. Eser, and Yan Zhang. "Fatty Acid Hydratase for Value-added Biotransformation." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.78.

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Liao, Youqiang, Xiaohui Sun, Zhiyuan Wang, and Baojiang Sun. "Improved Thermal Model for Hydrate Formation Drilling Considering Multiple Hydrate Decomposition Effects." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18386.

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Abstract Hydrate is ice-like solid non-stoichiometric crystalline compound, which is stable at favorable low temperature and high-pressure conditions. The predominant gas component stored in naturally-occurring hydrate bearing sediment is CH4 and is estimated about 3000–20000 trillion cubic meter worldwide. Thus, it has attracted significant research interests as an energy source from both academic and industry for the past two decades. Ensuring drilling safety is much important to realize efficient exploitation of hydrate source. Additionally, accurate prediction of wellbore temperature field is of great significance to the design of drilling fluid and cement slurry and the analysis of wellbore stability. However, the heat transfer process in wellbore and hydrate layer during drilling through hydrate formation is a complex phenomenon. The calculation method used in the conventional formation cannot be fully applied to hydrate reservoir drilling, largely due to the complex interactions between the hydrate decomposition, multiphase flow and heat transfer behaviors. In this study, an improved thermal model of wellbore for hydrate layer drilling process is presented by coupling the dynamic decomposition of hydrate, the transportation of hydrate particles in cuttings and heat transfer behaviors in multiphase flow. The distribution of temperature field and rules of hydrate decomposition both in wellbore and hydrate layers are thoroughly analyzed with case study, which is very helpful for the designing drilling parameters, avoiding the gas kick accidents. As well as making a detailed guidance of wellbore stability analysis. This proposed mathematical model is a more in-depth extension of the conventional temperature field prediction model of wellbore, it can present some important implications for drilling through gas–hydrate formation for practical projects.
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Ji, Yunkai, Jian Hou, Yongge Liu, and Qingjun Du. "Study on Formation and Dissociation of Methane Hydrate in Sandstone Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19316.

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Abstract Natural gas hydrate, as an unconventional resource, has been attracting increasing attention. Understanding the characteristics of methane hydrate formation and dissociation in porous media is important for developing gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs. This work discusses the use of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology to investigate the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate in the sandstone. In this work, an experimental assembly wherein methane hydrate can form and dissociate, is used to conduct LF-NMR measurements. LF-NMR, as a noninvasive measurement technology, combines the transverse relaxation time (T2) measurement with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T2 measurements can explore the characteristics of methane hydrate formation and dissociation in core samples from a pore-scale perspective. MRI can display the spatial distribution of water from a core-scale perspective. The excess-gas method and the excess-water method are successively applied to form methane hydrate, and depressurization is applied to dissociate methane hydrate in the laboratory. The characteristics of methane hydrate formation and dissociation is studied in the sandstone. Experimental results show that the signal intensity of short T2 and long T2 decreases simultaneously in the process of the methane hydrate formation using the excess-gas method, indicating that methane hydrate is formed in both small and large pores. When using the excess-water method, the signal intensity of long T2 decreases, and the signal intensity of short T2 increases in the process of the methane hydrate formation, indicating that methane hydrate is mainly formed in large pores. Methane hydrate is dissociated simultaneously in both small and large pores when using the depressurization method. Water content in small pores gradually increases. Capillary pressure causes some water to remain in the core samples following dissociation. Water content in large pores decreases initially and then increases during depressurization. In the early stages of depressurization, more water leaves large pores than is generated by hydrate dissociation. In the later stages of depressurization, less water leaves the large pores than is generated by hydrate dissociation. This study may inspire the new understanding on distribution of fluid in sediments during the process of accumulation and exploitation of natural gas hydrates.
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Reports on the topic "Hydratace"

1

John H. Cohen, Thomas E. Williams, Ali G. Kadaster, and Bill V. Liddell. HYDRATE CORE DRILLING TESTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811812.

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Schoderbek, David, Helen Farrell, James Howard, et al. ConocoPhillips Gas Hydrate Production Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123878.

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Rudy Rogers and John Etheridge. Gas Hydrate Storage of Natural Gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903468.

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Jeffrey Savidge. Hydrate Control for Gas Storage Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965399.

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Williams, Thomas E., Keith Millheim, and Buddy King. METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION FROM ALASKAN PERMAFROST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828282.

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Deppe, G., R. Currier, and D. Spencer. CO2 HYDRATE PROCESS FOR GAS SEPARATON. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825554.

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Thomas E. Williams, Keith Millheim, and Buddy King. METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION FROM ALASKAN PERMAFROST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826314.

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Thomas E. Williams, Keith Millheim, and Buddy King. METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION FROM ALASKAN PERMAFROST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827654.

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Thomas E. Williams, Keith Millheim, and Bill Liddell. METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION FROM ALASKAN PERMAFROST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836258.

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Thomas E. Williams, Keith Millheim, and Buddy King. METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION FROM ALASKAN PERMAFROST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836267.

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