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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrated and anhydrous salts'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

M., L. Parmar, and Sharma Praveen. "A comparative study on viscosities of some hydrated and anhydrous salts of transition metal sulphates and magnesium sulphate in water at different temperatures." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 85, Nov 2008 (2008): 1146–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820476.

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Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, Himachal Pradesh, India <em>Manuscript received 31 March 2008, revised 26 June 2008, accepted 25 August 2008</em> Relative viscosities for the aqueous solutions of some hydrated and anhydrous salts of transition metal sulphates viz. cobalt sulphate, nickel sulphate, copper sulphate and zinc sulphate, and magnesium sulphate have been determined (in the concentration range 0.005-0.100 ± 0.001 mol kg-1) at five equidistant [298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K] temperatures. The data have been ev

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2

Sugiyarto, KH, DC Craig, AD Rae, and HA Goodwin. "Structural, Magnetic and Mössbauer Spectral Studies of Salts of Bis[2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine]iron(II)—a Spin Crossover System." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 5 (1994): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940869.

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The magnetic and Mossbauer spectral properties of hydrated and anhydrous complex salts [Fe( bpp )2] X2, where bpp = [2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine] and X = PF6, BF4, Br, I, NO3, are indicative of a temperature-induced singlet (1A1) ↔ quintet (5T2) transition in the complex cation. The nature of the transition depends on the anion and the degree of hydration. The transition is displaced to lower temperatures in the anhydrous species and for the hydrated is only partial above room temperature. The transition in the hydrated hexafluorophosphate salt occurs in two steps, and that in the anhydrous

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3

Boycov, Denis E., Ksenia V. Drozd, Alex N. Manin, Andrei V. Churakov, and German L. Perlovich. "New Solid Forms of Nitrofurantoin and 4-Aminopyridine Salt: Influence of Salt Hydration Level on Crystal Packing and Physicochemical Properties." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 8990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248990.

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The crystallization of the poorly soluble drug nitrofurantoin (NFT) with 4-aminopyridine (4AmPy) resulted in three multicomponent solid forms with different hydration levels: anhydrous salt [NFT+4AmPy] (1:1), salt monohydrate [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] (1:1:1), and salt tetrahydrate [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] (1:1:4). Each salt was selectively prepared by liquid-assisted grinding in the presence of acetonitrile or ethanol/water mixture at a specific composition. The NFT hydrated salts were characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] salt (1:1:1) crystallized as an isolated site hydrate

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4

Ferenc, Wieslawa, Agnieszka Walkóv-Dziewulska, and Janusz Chrusciel. "Spectral and thermal behaviors of rare earth element complexes with 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 10 (2003): 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0310751f.

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The conditions for the formation of rare earth element 3,5-dimethytoxybenzoates were studied and their quantitative composition and solubilities in water at 293 K were determined. The complexes are anhydrous or hydrated salts and their solubilities are of the orders of 10-5 ? 10-4 mol dm-3. Their FTIR, FIR and X-ray spectra were recorded. The compounds were also characterized by thermogravimetric studies in air and nitrogen atmospheres and by magnetic measurements. All complexes are crystalline compounds. The carboxylate group in these complexes is a bidentate chelating ligand. On heating in a

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5

Braun, Doris, and Ulrich Griesser. "Insights into hydrate formation and stability of morphinanes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090081.

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The formation of multi-component crystals with water (hydrates) is a widespread phenomenon among organic molecules. Hydrate formation is of high practical relevance for industrially used materials, as it affects their physicochemical properties. [1,2] To exclude water or moisture in industrial processes is often difficult. Therefore knowledge about the existence and stability of hydrates and the understanding and control of the anhydrate/hydrate balance is mandatory for avoiding manufacturing problems. In order to improve our understanding of hydrate formation we selected representative substa

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Tan, Shuya, Yasuhito Sekine та Masayuki Kuzuhara. "Spatially Resolved Observations of Europa’s Surface with Subaru/IRCS at 1.0–1.8 μm: Upper Limits to the Abundances of Hydrated Cl-bearing Salts". Planetary Science Journal 3, № 3 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac596c.

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Abstract Recent infrared observations at 1.5–4.0 μm using large ground-based telescopes have suggested that Cl-bearing salts are likely present on Europa’s surface as non-ice materials. The chemical compositions of those Cl-bearing salts are key to understanding Europa’s ocean chemistry and habitability. Here we report the results of ground-based telescope observations of Europa across two wavelength ranges, 1.0–1.5 μm and 1.5–1.8 μm, of which the former range includes absorption features due to some hydrated Cl-bearing salts. We obtained spatially resolved reflectance spectra using the Subaru

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7

Ferenc, W., K. Czapla, J. Sarzynski, and A. Zwolinska. "Comparison of some properties of 2,3 – and 3,4 – dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III)." Eclética Química Journal 33, no. 2 (2018): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v33.2.2008.p07-12.

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The physicochemical properties of 2,4-, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III) were studied and compared to observe the -OCH3 substituent positions in benzene ring on the character of complexes. The analysed compounds are crystalline hydrated or anhydrous salts with colours depending on the kind of central ions: blue for Cu(II), pink for Co(II) and violet for Nd(III) complexes. The carboxylate groups bind as monodentate, bidentate bridging or chelating and even tridentate ligands. Their thermal stabilities were studied in air at 293-1173K. When heated the hydrated complexes r

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8

Ferenc, Wieslawa, Agnieszka Walkow-Dziewulska, Pawel Sadowsk, and Janusz Chrusciel. "Spectral, thermal and magnetic characterization of 2, 3-dimethoxybenzoates of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 6 (2005): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0506833f.

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Complexes of 2,3-dimethoxybenzoates of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized as hydrated or anhydrous polycrystalline solids and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, FIR and electronic spectroscopy, magnetic studies and X-ray diffraction measurements. The carboxylate groups bind as monodentate or symmetrical, bidentate chelating and bridging ligands. The thermal stabilities were determined in air. When heated they dehydrate to form anhydrous salts which are decomposed to the oxides of the respective metals. The magnetic susceptibilities of the complexes were measured over the ran

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9

Ferenc, Wieslawa, and Agnieszka Walków-Dziewulska. "Complexes of light lanthanides with 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 1 (2000): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0001027f.

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The complexes of light lanthanides with 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid of the formula: Ln(C9H9O4)3.nH2O where Ln = La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(IIII), and n = 3 for La(III), Gd(III), n = 2 for Sm(III), Eu(III), and n = 0 for Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric studies and X-ray diffraction measurements. The complexes have colours typical for Ln 3+ ions (La, Ce, Eu, Gd-white, Sm-cream, Pr-green, Nd-violet). The carboxylate group in these complexes is a symmetrical, bidentate, chelating

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10

Kawada, Jumpei, Yasuo Abe, Toshifumi Yui, Kenji Okuyama, and Kozo Ogawa. "Crystalline Transformation of Chitosan from Hydrated to Anhydrous Polymorph Via Chitosan Monocarboxylic Acid Salts." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 18, no. 5 (1999): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328309908544019.

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11

Closser, R. G., E. J. Gualtieri, J. A. Newman, and G. J. Simpson. "Characterization of salt interferences in second-harmonic generation detection of protein crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 6 (2013): 1903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813027581.

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Studies were undertaken to assess the merits and limitations of second-harmonic generation (SHG) for the selective detection of protein and polypeptide crystal formation, focusing on the potential for false positives from SHG-active salts present in crystallization media. The SHG activities of salts commonly used in protein crystallization were measured and quantitatively compared with reference samples. Out of 19 salts investigated, six produced significant background SHG and 15 of the 96 wells of a sparse-matrix screen produced SHG upon solvent evaporation. SHG-active salts include phosphate

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Derluyn, Hannelore, Jan Dewanckele, Matthieu N. Boone, Veerle Cnudde, Dominique Derome, and Jan Carmeliet. "Crystallization of hydrated and anhydrous salts in porous limestone resolved by synchrotron X-ray microtomography." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 324 (April 2014): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.08.065.

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13

Baranov, N. "Preparations, physical properties and reactivities of the lithium potassium salts of tartaric acid (anhydrous and hydrated)." Solid State Ionics 43 (November 1990): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(90)90468-7.

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14

Li, Ruoying, and Hailong Ye. "Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212833.

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Vulnerability to atmospheric carbonation is one of the major durability concerns for limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete due to its relatively low overall alkalinity. In this study, the natural carbonation behaviors of ternary ordinary Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone (OPC-MK-LS) blends containing various sulfate salts (i.e., anhydrous CaSO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4) are studied, with the aim of revealing the influence of alkali cations (Na+, K+). Detailed analyses on the hydrated phase assemblage, composition, microstructure, and pore structure of LC3 pastes prior to and post indoor c

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15

Ferenc, Wieslawa, and Agnieszka Walków-Dziewulska. "Spectrochemical and thermal behaviours of the 2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of rare earth elements." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 11 (2000): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0011789f.

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The physicochemical properties and thermal stability in air of the 2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of rare earth elements were compared in order to observe the influence of the position of the -OCH3 substituent on their thermal stability. The complexes of these two series are crystalline, hydrated or anhydrous salts with colours typical of trivalent rare earth ions. The carboxylate group is a bidentate, chelating ligand. The thermal stability of the 2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of the lanthanide elements was studied in the temperature range 273-1173 K. The positions of methoxy- groups in th

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16

Xu, Yun, Linglei Jiang, and Xuefeng Mei. "Supramolecular structures and physicochemical properties of norfloxacin salts." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 4 (2014): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614011718.

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Seven new molecular salts of norfloxacin (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-yl-1H-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid; abbreviated as NF) with various organic acids (adipic acid, mucic acid,o-OH-benzoic acid,m-OH-benzoic acid,p-OH-benzoic acid, naphthalene-1, 5-disulfonic acid and naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid) were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Supramolecular structures and reccurring packing patterns are discussed to understand the influence of non-covalent interactions in determination of the crystal packing and hydrate inclusion. The formation

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17

Wood, Matthew R., Hugh W. Thompson, Thomas A. Brettell, and Roger A. Lalancette. "The hydrated and anhydrous gold(III) tetrachloride salts ofL-ecgonine, an important forensic toxicology marker for cocaine." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 66, no. 1 (2009): m4—m8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270109030583.

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18

Hashmi, Gulraiz, Ramy Hosny, Ivan Bernal, and Roger A. Lalancette. "Anhydrous and hydrated [Co(en)2CO3]X salts as predictive guides for crystallization behavior in other systems." Structural Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-020-01688-5.

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19

Madarász, János, and László Hegedűs. "Novel Crystalline Salts of 4-Piperidyl- and 4-Pyridylmethyl-amines Prepared by Catalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Pyridinecarbonitrile: Crystallographic Unit Cells Based on Powder XRD Patterns by Using the DASH Program Package." Crystals 14, no. 11 (2024): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110938.

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Structures of some hydrogenated products and intermediates, prepared by a heterogeneous Pd/C or Ru/C catalyst starting from 4-pyridinecarbonitrile (4PN), in water and in the presence of an acidic additive (HCl or H2SO4), were confirmed in various salt forms of 4-piperidylmethylamine (4PIPA) and 4-pyridylmethylamine (4PA). Crystallographic unit cell structure of the completely hydrogenated product salts (4PIPA·H2SO4 and 4PIPA·2HCl) showed a common double-protonated [4PIPA+2H]2+ divalent cation structure, also proved by FT-IR, and that of the 4PA·H2SO4 intermediate salt was also indexed and mode

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20

Safronova, T. V., T. B. Shatalova, Ya Yu Filippov, et al. "CERAMICS IN THE Na2O–CaO–SO3 SYSTEM AS A PROMISING INORGANIC POROGEN." Steklo i Keramika, no. 3 (2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2022.03.pp.009-018.

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Ceramics with phase composition after firing in the range of 600 – 900 °C represented by anhydrous calcium sulfate CaSO4, and calcium sodium sulfates (Na0,8Ca0,1)2SO4 and Na6Ca(SO4)4 were obtained from a powder mixture of sodium sulfate Na2SO4 and calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO42H2O, taken at a molar ratio CaSO42H2O/Na2SO4 = 1. The phase composition of the powder mixture after homogenization in a planetary mill in an acetone medium, in addition to the starting salts, also included hydrated sodium calcium sulfate Na4Ca(SO4)32H2O. When kept in water for 5 and 60 min the mass loss of ceramic s

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21

Marcén, S., L. Lecren, L. Capes, H. A. Goodwin, and J. F. Létard. "Critical temperature of the LIESST effect in a series of hydrated and anhydrous complex salts [Fe(bpp)2]X2." Chemical Physics Letters 358, no. 1-2 (2002): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00590-0.

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22

Ferenc, W., M. Bernat, J. Sarzyński, and H. Głuchowska. "Complexes of 4-chlorophenoxyacetates of Nd(III), Gd(III) and Ho(III)." Eclética Química Journal 35, no. 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.1.2010.p67-75.

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The complexes of 4-chlorophenoxyacetates of Nd(III), Gd(III) and Ho(III) have been synthesized as polycrystalline hydrated solids, and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, magnetic studies and also by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric measurements. The analysed complexes have the following colours: violet for Nd(III), white for Gd(III) and cream for Ho(III) compounds. The carboxylate groups bind as bidentate chelating (Ho) or bridging ligands (Nd, Gd). On heating to 1173K in air the complexes decompose in several steps. At first, they dehydrate in one step to form anhydrous

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Ferenc, Wiesława, Beata Cristóvão, and Jan Sarzyński. "Magnetic, thermal and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide(III) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) acetates, Ln(C8H6ClO3)3•nH2O." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 9 (2013): 1335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121203043f.

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4-Chlorophenoxyacetates of lanthanides(III) were synthesized as polycrystalline hydrated solids with the general formulae: Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?2H2O (Ln = La(III), Pr(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Tb(III)), Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?H2O (Ln = Dy(III)) and Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?3H2O (Ln = Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III) and Lu(III) and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, magnetic and thermogravimetric studies and also by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The complexes have colours typical for lanthanide(III) ions. The carboxylate groups bind as bidentate chelating. On heating to 1273 K in air the complexes

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Ganduri, Ramesh, Diptikanta Swain, Suryanarayan Cherukuvada, and Tayur N. Guru Row. "Role of Functionalities in Structural Analogues Urocanic Acid and l-Histidine, toward the Formation of Anhydrous and Hydrated Molecular Salts." Crystal Growth & Design 19, no. 3 (2019): 1845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01822.

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Marinova, Delyana M., Ekaterina N. Zhecheva, Rositsa R. Kukeva, Pavel V. Markov, Diana D. Nihtianova, and Radostina K. Stoyanova. "Mixed sodium nickel-manganese sulfates: Crystal structure relationships between hydrates and anhydrous salts." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 250 (June 2017): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.03.015.

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26

Smirnov, Pavel, Evgeny Filatov, Natalia Kuratieva, Pavel Plyusnin, and Sergey Korenev. "Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of Double-Complex Salts [M1(NH3)6][M2(C2O4)3] (M1, M2 = Co, Rh) and K3[Rh(NH3)6][Rh(C2O4)3]2∙6H2O." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (2023): 12279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512279.

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Here, seven new double-complex salts, [M1(NH3)6][M2(C2O4)3] (M1, M2 = Co, Rh) and K3[Rh(NH3)6][Rh(C2O4)3]2∙6H2O types, are synthesised. The crystal structure and composition of DCS (double-complex salts) are studied by SCXRD, XRD, CHN and IR methods. The complex salts of the [M1(NH3)6][M2(C2O4)3] (M1, M2 = Co, Rh) type can be crystallised both as a crystalline hydrate [M1(NH3)6][M2(C2O4)3]·3H2O (sp. gr. P-3) and as an anhydrous complex (sp. gr. P-1) depending on the synthesis conditions. The process of [Rh(NH3)6][Rh(C2O4)3] formation is significantly dependent on the synthesis temperature. At

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Vaccarino, C., A. Barbaccia, F. Frusteri, G. Galli, and G. Maisano. "A Low-Temperature Heat Storage System Utilizing Mixtures of Magnesium Salt Hydrates and Ammonium Nitrate." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 1 (1985): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267654.

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The heat storage system based on mixtures of salt hydrates and anhydrous salts described in previous articles has been applied to Mg(NO3)2 • 6H2O and MgCl2 • 6H2O (alone or in eutectic mixtures), added with NH4NO3. Calorimetric measurements showed that in the temperature range 25–60° C, Mg(NO3)2 • 6H2O allows a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) capacity of about 56 kcal/kg (equivalent to 86 kcal/liter), which is slightly lower than the values previously recorded with ammonium alum. When the maximum temperature was lowered to 55° and to 50° C, in order to be closer to the peak-efficiency of commerci

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Ponomareva, Valentina, Irina Bagryantseva, Boris Zakharov, Natalia Bulina, Galina Lavrova, and Elena Boldyreva. "Crystal structure and proton conductivity of a new Cs3(H2PO4)(HPO4)·2H2O phase in the caesium di- and monohydrogen orthophosphate system." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 10 (2017): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617012335.

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The Mx H y (AO4) z acid salts (M = Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li, NH4; A = S, Se, As, P) exhibit ferroelectric properties. The solid acids have low conductivity values and are of interest with regard to their thermal properties and proton conductivity. The crystal structure of caesium dihydrogen orthophosphate monohydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, Cs3(H1.5PO4)2·2H2O, has been solved. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pbca and forms a structure with strong hydrogen bonds connecting phosphate tetrahedra that agrees well with the IR spectra. The dehydration of Cs3(H1.5PO4)2·2H2O with the loss of

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Kimura, Hiroshi, and Junjiro Kai. "Mixtures of calcium chloride hexahydrate with some salt hydrates or anhydrous salts as latent heat storage materials." Energy Conversion and Management 28, no. 3 (1988): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(88)90021-0.

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Lehner, Anna J., Lisa V. Schindler, and Caroline Röhr. "Kristallstrukturen der Alkalimetall-Thiosulfate A2S2O3 nH2O (A/n = K/0, K/⅓ , Rb=1) / Crystal Structures of the Alkali Thiosulfates A2S2O3 · nH2O (A/n = K/0, K/⅓ , Rb=1)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 4 (2013): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3089.

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The potassium and rubidium thiosulfates (hydrates) considered in this work were originally obtained as by-products during several syntheses of mixed sulfido=oxido metallates. The interesting complexity of their structural chemistry has motivated us to investigate them in detail. The crystal structures of all title compounds have been determined using single-crystal X-ray data. The structure of the anhydrous potassium thiosulfate K2S2O3 (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=1010.15(14), b=910.65(12), c=1329.4(2) pm, b =111.984(11)º, Z =8, R1=0.0665) exhibits two crystallographically different thios

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Gómez, A., J. Rodríguez-Hernández, and E. Reguera. "Crystal structures of cubic nitroprussides: M[Fe(CN)5NO]·xH2O(M=Fe, Co, Ni). Obtaining structural information from the background." Powder Diffraction 22, no. 1 (2007): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2700265.

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A new structural model is proposed for cubic nitroprussides and the crystal structure for the complex salts of Fe(2+), Co(2+), and Ni(2+) refined in that model. In cubic nitroprussides the building unit, [Fe(CN)5NO]2−, and the assembling metal (M=Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+), have ¾ occupancy with three formula units per cell (Z=3). This leads to certain structural disorder and to different local environments for the outer metal. The crystallographic results are supported by the Mössbauer and infrared data. The XRD powder patterns, index in a cubic cell (Fm3m space group), show a sinuous background becau

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Packter, A. "The Precipitation of Sparingly-soluble Alkaline-earth Metal and Transition Metal Oxyanion Salts from Aqueous Solution at Ambient Temperatures to 100 °C: Anhydrous and Hydrated Precipitate Phases." Crystal Research and Technology 21, no. 6 (1986): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170210608.

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Smith, Graham, and Urs D. Wermuth. "Hydrogen bonding in two ammonium salts of 5-sulfosalicylic acid: ammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate and triammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 3-carboxylato-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 5 (2013): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113008846.

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The structures of two ammonium salts of 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (5-sulfosalicylic acid, 5-SSA) have been determined at 200 K. In the 1:1 hydrated salt, ammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate, NH4+·C7H5O6S−·H2O, (I), the 5-SSA−monoanions give two types of head-to-tail laterally linked cyclic hydrogen-bonding associations, both with graph-setR44(20). The first involves both carboxylic acid O—H...Owaterand water O—H...Osulfonatehydrogen bonds at one end, and ammonium N—H...Osulfonateand N—H...Ocarboxyhydrogen bonds at the other. The second association is centrosy

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Panini, Piyush, K. N. Venugopala, Bharti Odhav, and Deepak Chopra. "Polymorphism in two biologically active dihydropyrimidinium hydrochloride derivatives: quantitative inputs towards the energetics associated with crystal packing." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 4 (2014): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614006209.

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A new polymorph belonging to the tetrahydropyrimidinium class of compounds, namely 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-2-(3-(trifluoromethylthio)phenylamino)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1-ium chloride, and a hydrate of 2-(3-bromophenylamino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1-ium chloride, have been isolated and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). A detailed comprehensive analysis of the crystal packing in terms of the associated intermolecular interactions and a quantification of their interaction energies have been performed fo

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Wood, Matthew R., Roger A. Lalancette, and Ivan Bernal. "Crystallographic investigations of select cathinones: emerging illicit street drugs known as `bath salts'." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 1 (2015): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614025637.

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The name `bath salts', for an emerging class of synthetic cathinones, is derived from an attempt to evade prosecution and law enforcement. These are truly illicit drugs that have psychoactive CNS (central nervous system) stimulant effects and they have seen a rise in abuse as recreational drugs in the last few years since first having been seen in Japan in 2006. The ease of synthesis and modification of specific functional groups of the parent cathinone make these drugs particularly difficult to regulate. MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is commonly encountered as its hydrochloride salt (

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36

Squattrito, Philip J., Kelly J. Lambright-Mutthamsetty, Patrick A. Giolando, and Kristin Kirschbaum. "Crystal structures of two coordination isomers of copper(II) 4-sulfobenzoic acid hexahydrate and two mixed silver/potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid salts." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 11 (2019): 1801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019014610.

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A reaction of copper(II) carbonate and potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid in water acidified with hydrochloric acid yielded two crystalline products. Tetraaquabis(4-carboxybenzenesulfonato)copper(II) dihydrate, [Cu(O3SC6H4CO2H)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, (I), crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with the Cu2+ ions located on centers of inversion. Each copper ion is coordinated to four water molecules in a square plane with two sulfonate O atoms in the apical positions of a Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedron. The carboxylate group is protonated and not involved in coordination to the metal ions.

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37

Smith, Graham. "Hydrogen-bonded two- and three-dimensional polymeric structures in the ammonium salts of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid and 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 3 (2014): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614002459.

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The structures of ammonium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, NH4+·C7H3N2O6−, (I), ammonium 4-nitrobenzoate dihydrate, NH4+·C7H4NO4−·2H2O, (II), and ammonium 2,4-dichlorobenzoate hemihydrate, NH4+·C7H3Cl2O2−·0.5H2O, (III), have been determined and their hydrogen-bonded structures are described. All three salts form hydrogen-bonded polymeric structures,viz.three-dimensional in (I) and two-dimensional in (II) and (III). With (I), a primary cation–anion cyclic association is formed [graph setR43(10)] through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, involving a carboxylate group with both O atoms contributing to the hydrogen bo

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Chong-Canto, Sayuri, Efrén V. García-Báez, Francisco J. Martínez-Martínez, Angel A. Ramos-Organillo та Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez. "Mechanochemical Synthesis and Structure of the Tetrahydrate and Mesoporous Anhydrous Metforminium(2+)-N,N′-1,4-Phenylenedioxalamic Acid (1:2) Salt: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding and n→π * Charge Assisted Interactions". Pharmaceutics 12, № 10 (2020): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100998.

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A new organic salt of metformin, an antidiabetic drug, and N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)dioxalamic acid, was mechanochemically synthesized, purified by crystallization from solution and characterized by single X-ray crystallography. The structure revealed a salt-type crystal hydrate composed of one dicationic metformin unit, two monoanionic units of the acid and four water molecules, namely H2Mf(HpOXA)2∙4H2O. X-ray powder, IR, 13C-CPMAS, thermal and BET adsorption–desorption analyses were performed to elucidate the structure of the molecular and supramolecular structure of the anhydrous microcrystallin

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Dix, Ina, Grahame Woollam, and Stephen Chan. "Utilising Crystallographic Data to Better Design Solid Forms." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314083065.

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Understanding crystalline forms in the pharmaceutical industry is very essential as the majority of small molecule drugs are delivered to patients in a crystalline state. Chemical and physical solid-state properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) such as stability, solubility, reactivity and bioavailability can be influenced by the formation of salts, anhydrous forms, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs and cocrystals. It is clear therefore, that an insight into molecular arrangements including existing interactions is required for effective drug development. The status quo to obtain

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Bobrova, K. O., та V. N. Dokytovich. "THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MOLTEN MIXTURES OF СeCl<sub>3</sub>–MCl (M = Li, Na, K, Cs) SYSTEMS". Расплавы, № 3 (1 травня 2023): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010623030027.

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The paper presents experimental data on the thermal conductivity of molten salt mixtures СeCl3–MCl, where M = Li, Na, K, Cs. The concentration of cerium trichloride varies from 0.25 to 0.75 mole percent in 0.25 increments. The initial salts of alkali metal chlorides were certified by DSC. The obtained values of melting temperatures are in good agreement with the literature data. Anhydrous cerium trichloride was obtained from cerium(IV) oxide in 2 stages: preparation of cerium crystalline hydrate and removal of water of crystallization. The measurements were carried out by the stationary method

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Nugrahani, Ilma, Muhammad Ramadhan Sulaiman, Chiaki Eda, Hidehiro Uekusa, and Slamet Ibrahim. "Stability and Antibiotic Potency Improvement of Levofloxacin by Producing New Salts with 2,6- and 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and Their Comprehensive Structural Study." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010124.

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Recently, solid-state engineering has become a promising approach to improving the stability and potency of antibiotics. Levofloxacin (LF) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic marketed in solid and solution dosage forms. However, this substance forms solid hydrates under ambient conditions and degrades due to lighting, which may change its solid properties and dose. In addition, resistance cases have been reported due to long-time antibiotic usage. This research aims to allow LF to react with antioxidant dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), which has low antimicrobial activity, to produce a

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Żesławska, Ewa, Ewa Szymańska, Wojciech Nitek, and Jadwiga Handzlik. "Crystallographic studies of piperazine derivatives of 3-methyl-5-spirofluorenehydantoin in search of structural features of P-gp inhibitors." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 8 (2021): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621006756.

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5-Spirofluorenehydantoin derivatives show efflux modulating, cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in sensitive and resistant mouse T-lymphoma cells. In order to extend the knowledge available about the pharmacophoric features responsible for the glycoprotein P (P-gp) inhibitory properties of arylpiperazine derivatives of 3-methyl-5-spirofluorenehydantoin, we have performed crystal structure analyses for 1-[3-(3′-methyl-2′,4′-dioxospiro[fluorene-9,5′-imidazolidin]-1′-yl)propyl]-4-phenylpiperazine-1,4-diium dichloride monohydrate, C29H32N4O2 2+·2Cl−·H2O (1), 3′-methyl-1′-{3-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)

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43

Flynn, G. J., L. P. Keller, C. Jacobsen, and S. Wirick. "The Origin of Organic Matter in the Solar System: Evidence from the Interplanetary Dust Particles." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 213 (2004): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900193404.

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Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), ∼ 10μm particles from comets and asteroids, have been collected by NASA from the Earth's stratosphere. We compared carbon X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra of anhydrous and hydrated interplanetary dust particles and found that anhydrous and hydrated IDPs have similar types and abundances of organic carbon. This is different from results on meteorites, which show that hydrated carbonaceous meteorites contain abundant organic matter, while anhydrous carbonaceous meteorites contain less carbon mostly i

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Agudelo, John, Álvaro Delgado, and Pedro Benjumea. "lubricity of ethanol-gasoline fuel blends." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 58 (February 27, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14157.

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In this work the lubricity of several ethanol (hydrated or anhydrous) / gasoline fuel blends was measured by using a conventional HFRR tester. Tests were carried out at 25ºC with no water vapour pressure control, according to the ASTM D6079 standard. According to the results the range of variation of the mean wear scar diameter was small among tested fuels in the range E-20 to E-85, indicating that the addition of ethanol, anhydrous or hydrated, did not impact significantly blend lubricity. The addition of hydrated ethanol (96% v/v) slightly improved blend lubricity in comparison with the addi

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Xian-Wen, LI, ZHOU He, XU Yan, and HU Yi-Qiao. "Phase Conversion between Anhydrous and Hydrated Ciprofloxacin." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 26, no. 01 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20100143.

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46

Nisbet, Matthew L., Marissa Puzan, Lukasz Wojtas, Brian Samas, and Geoffrey P. F. Wood. "Crystal structures of anhydrous and hydrated ceftibuten." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 78, no. 4 (2022): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989022002110.

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Ceftibuten, C15H14N4O6S2, with the systematic name (6R,7R)-7-{[(Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, is a third generation, orally administered cephalosporin antibiotic with broad antimicrobial activity and stability against extended spectrum β-lactamases. Ceftibuten can exist in various hydration states and to better understand the location of the water molecules of crystallization and their effect on the structure, the crystal structures of anhydrous (I) and hydrated (II) ceftibuten were determined and both o

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47

Germain, P., J. M. Létoffé, M. P. Merlin, and H. J. Buschmann. "Thermal behaviour of hydrated and anhydrous Cucurbituril." Thermochimica Acta 315, no. 2 (1998): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00252-4.

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Zhao, Yongjuan, Xianping Liu, Bo Chen, et al. "Three-Dimensional Characterization of Hardened Paste of Hydrated Tricalcium Silicate by Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy." Materials 12, no. 12 (2019): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121882.

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With the application of a three-dimensional (3D) characterization technique, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM), the 3D microstructure of a hydrated cement monomineral, tricalcium silicate (C3S), was measured with nanoscale resolution. The 3D morphologies of anhydrous particles, hydrated products, and capillary pores were visualized. Closed and open pores were discovered inside an anhydrous particle. The size and distribution of both the anhydrous C3S particles and their capillary pores were analyzed quantitatively and the porosity was determined to be 9%. The distribution

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Long, Guangming, Peihua Ma, and Minxiong Chu. "Ammoniation Technology for Dehydration of Hydrated Magnesium Chloride in China." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.95.

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Ammonination technique for dehydration of hydrated magnesium chloride is a special kind of method for preparation of high-pure anhydrous magnesium chloride, which is requisite for electrolytically manufacturing metal magnesium. The technique has been developing for decades in the west world. China has now been exploiting the technique for his magnesium ore, especially the magnesium resource in the west of China. We started investigation of the method for several years, and several new progresses were arrived for preparation of anhydrous magnesium chloride. From our study, ethanol, methanol and

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Guinet, Yannick, Laurent Paccou, and Alain Hédoux. "Analysis of Co-Crystallization Mechanism of Theophylline and Citric Acid from Raman Investigations in Pseudo Polymorphic Forms Obtained by Different Synthesis Methods." Molecules 28, no. 4 (2023): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041605.

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Designing co-crystals can be considered as a commonly used strategy to improve the bioavailability of many low molecular weight drug candidates. The present study has revealed the existence of three pseudo polymorphic forms of theophylline–citric acid (TP–CA) co-crystal obtained via different routes of synthesis. These forms are characterized by different degrees of stability in relation with the strength of intermolecular forces responsible for the co-crystalline cohesion. Combining low- and high-frequency Raman investigations made it possible to identify anhydrous and hydrate forms of theoph

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