Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydraulique urbaine'
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Proton, Antoine. "Etude hydraulique des tranchées de rétention / infiltration." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe detention/infiltration trenches are used to limit the flows of urban stormwater. Although they are technically and economically efficient these hydraulic works remain underused. This PhD thesis aims at overcoming some of the obstacles to their use. The study of the way experimental detention trenches work (based on the aspect of water profiles and outflow hydrographs) has allowed to improve knowledge on the hydraulic behaviour of a trench supplied by french drains. It specifically showed that the trenches filled with granular material of strong porosity (gravel 20-80) behave the hydraulic level rather as a pipe with strong roughness than as a soil. Another important result is that water exchanges between the drains and the trench body do not seem to be limited by the diffusion slits. This new knowledge has been used as a basis to build a hydraulic model to simulate the detention trenches behaviour. An original method was then defined to accelerate the ageing of an infiltration trench. This method has made it possible to observe the reduction of the structure’s infiltration capacities for an equivalent operating time of 6 years. The objective of this part of the research was to improve knowledge on trenches ageing and clogging. These results made it possible to couple Bouwer’s model with the storage model
Soubira, Thomas. "Hydraulique urbaine, hydraulique oasienne : archéologie d'une ville médiévale des marges sahariennes du Maroc : hydro-histoire de Sidjilmãsa et de la plaine du Tãfilãlt." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20007/document.
Full textWater management is a central aspect of the secular sustainability of Saharan oases and their economic dynamics. In this matter, it is important to distinguish between traditional systems and "modern" systems that have widely changed the oasian ecosystem. The oasis of Tāfīlālt (Morocco), seat of the emirate of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa and "port" of the caravan trade between the eighth and fifteenth century, is an excellent observatory of human adaptation in an arid environment. In order to have all the necessary data for our reflection on the hydraulics of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa, we have constituted a large corpus of documents, resulting from the analysis of the scientific literature around the general theme of water, focused mainly on archaeological studies and mobilization techniques. Following a contextualization of the archaeological site of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa in its oasis environment and its written documentation since the Middle Age, we establish a report of the hydraulic remains discovered since 2012 by the french-moroccan mission. Observable over all the excavation areas, these structures can be associated with the capture, supply or storage of water, as well as the disposal of wastewater. The analysis and the technical description of these remains then their insertion in a general stratigraphic context, allow us, by also mobilizing the data of the corpus, to propose functional hypotheses and an evolution of hydraulic practices in medieval Sid̲j̲ilmāsa. In the final part of the thesis, we deal in particular with the symbolic representation of water in Sid̲j̲ilmāsa conveyed since the Middle Age and changes in the way of supply of local populations over time, based on the archaeological considerations presented during all this research work and on our current observations, in order to provide an essay of hydrohistory in Tāfīlālt
Moussa, Yayé. "Précarité hydrique et développement local dans la commune urbaine de Téra, Niger." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20002/document.
Full textIn Niger, water resource management remains a major challenge after more than 50 years of water policy. Thus, the investments carried out during the International Decade of Driking Water and Sanitation (1981-1990) and the Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) could not meet the enormous needs of water. The infrastructure deficit is being faced by all components of the hydraulic sector. The growing demand for water and insufficient public investment to meet it explain this under-equipment in water infrastructure. At the level of the urban district of Tera, in addition to the strong demographic growth and insufficient investments in the water sector, climatic and hydrogeological constraints must be added to the analysis of the hydraulic situation. In the city of Tera, the hydrous precariousness is due to a considerable lack of water production and an inadequate water distribution network at the city site. Thus, from december to august, three-quarters of the city, mainly the Carré, Résidence, Douane, TP and Guenobon neighbourhoods remain underserved. In rural areas, the insufficiency of water supply points, their location in relation to villages to the villages and the rather short time of retention (3 à 4 months) of lakes defines a situation of extreme hydrous precariousness which affects the socio-economic life. In town as in the countryside, despite the territorial differences and water access methods, the populations face the same level of hydrous precariousness and adopt the same types of solutions. Thus, they resort to the traditional water supply points and develop a hydraulic solidarity through the mutualisation of water supply points between districts, villages, villages and city. However, with this particularly precarious hydraulic situation systematically reducing the practice of economic activities and the satisfaction of the fundamental human needs, the challenges of local development become increasingly heavy for the urban district of Tera
Cherif-Seffadj, Nabila. "Les bains d'Alger durant la période ottomane (XVIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire, topographie et étude urbaine." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040097.
Full textDuring the Ottoman period (16th-19th century), the city of Algiers was famous for the important number of public baths as well as the performance of its hydrolic system. Arab and Western textual sources, iconographic documents produced in quantity at this time added to authentic pieces stored in the archives of the Ottoman administration and in those of the French authorities established during the first decades of occupation, give an overview of the urban and socio-economic history of the public baths in Algiers. The dissertation deals with several aspects of these buildings: their number, their hystory, their location in the city topography, their geographic distribution as compared to other functions, the mechanism of their laout within the urban structure, their water supply and its connection to the water pipe network, and at last their management and mode of operation. The latter raises the question of legacy - waqf- of which the public baths are often the object due to their economic profitability
Isel, Sandra. "Développement de méthodologies et d'outils numériques pour l'évaluation du débit en réseau hydraulique à surface libre." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD008/document.
Full textThe evaluation of the flow rate in free surface water systems is a current scientific problem, related to high technological, economical and ecological issues. In this study, new methods of instrumentation based on a synergy between non-intrusive water level measurements and numerical modeling have been developed. These methods are applied first to sewer pipes with complex hydraulic conditions then to non-standard hydraulic structures (Venturi flumes, Combined Sewer Overflows). This multidisciplinary work aims at a better understanding of the flow to identify more robust site-specific Q=f(hi) relationships related to their uncertainties. It also aims at the identification of possible modification of the measurement site in order to improve the flow rate evaluation. Finally, the applicability of the developed methodologies has been tested through several real site studies
Xia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Full textDakhlaoui, Mohamed. "Fonctionnement hydraulique des structures réservoirs pour l'assainissement pluvial : étude des dispositifs de diffusion d'eau et modélisation du couple drain-milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523271.
Full textAngueletou-Marteau, Anastasia. "Accès à l'eau en périphérie : petits opérateurs privés et pauvreté hydraulique domestique : enjeux de gouvernance dans les zones périurbaines de Mumbai, Inde." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441281.
Full textChagot, Loic. "Ecoulement sur canopées faiblement immergées : de la turbulence aux lois de frottement." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0019.
Full textThis PhD work is part of the ANR project "Flowres" where aims is to improve the prediction of nextreme flood events. It has been shown that the climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of these extreme events, leading to major damages, especially in urban areas. The objective of this PhD was to investigate extrem configurations where urban canopy is weakly submerged. This work is based on experimental analysis carried out in a hydraulic open-channel flume in which various canopy depth and submergence levels were investigated. The canopies were built by alignment of prismatic roughness elements. The first part of this PhD work aimed at developping the experimental set-up allowing to obtain the complete structure of the flow. To this end, a PIV 2D-2C apparatus was used, paired with the use of advanced technical tools, such as prisms of BK7 glass and a telecentric optics. This set-up has enabled to obtain highly converged statistics (spatially and temporally), allow an investigation of sensitivity of these statistics to the spatial sampling. Once the experimental set-up designed, the effect of the flow immersion and of canopy depth on the 1D vertical structure was then investigated. Our results have shown that the flow structure of a depth canopy with an high submergence can be described by different (layers wake layer, mixing layer, logarithmic zone). A decrease of the submergence and/or the canopy depth increase interactions between the different layers, and sometimes, cancel it. Additionally, for some low submergence flow regimes, the total stress becomes negative. In order to understand and better characterize this unexpected result, we performed a quadrant analysis of the Reynolds stress. In the case of highly submerged flow, ejections (Q 2 ) and sweeps (Q 4 ) mostly contribute to the flow. By contrast, the decrease of the submergence is coupled with an significant increase of the Q3 event within the canopy. It can lead to a negative Reynolds stress in some flow regimes. Finally, the understanding of turbulent flows through integration of the 1D vertical profiles allowed calculation of thes associated global friction law. It has been shown that it is necessary to properlydefine the quantities used for the friction coefficient f 0 , such as a flow rate taking into account the porosity of the canopy, and a speed of friction u 0 based on the bottom of the channel (and not on the top of the prisms). There is a correlation between canopy submergence and the coefficient of friction f 0 . Moreover, two different behaviour appear for low submergence (h/k < 4) or high submergence (h/k > 4)
Rammal, Mohamad. "Comparaison de différents scenarii de production de matières en suspension dans un réseau unitaire sur la base d'un modèle hydrodynamique adapté." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1149/document.
Full textDespite their disappointing performance, urban stormwater quality models are still considered to be a potentially efficient decision making tool to control combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and thus are receiving ongoing investments to improve their quality. In this respect, in-sewer sediments are now widely recognized for their preponderant contribution to the pollution of CSOs assigning therefore a particular importance to mastering sewer processes module when refining these models. Recent studies conducted on in-sewer sediments in one of the extensively investigated urban catchments in Paris, Le Marais, highlighted new elements that could be helpful when addressing this module: (1) the existence of quasi-steady sewer grits deforming sewer characteristics and thus suspected to modify sewer flow conditions; (2) the identification of the potentially eroded sediment type during wet weather that is formed at the upstream parts of the Marais main trunks, the organic layer, that showed a cohesive like characteristic during in-situ flushing experiments. A site specific model for the Marais catchment is developed in this thesis adopting a semi-distributed configuration to examine the effect of integrating these field observations in its structure on the simulation of outfall discharges’ quality.In the first part, an evaluation of the impact of considering the sewer grits in the hydrodynamic module on the solid production and transfer processes in sewer system was carried out. To do so, a special modelling tool was necessary in order to handle sewer flow over a complex bathymetry. So, a well-balanced Godunov numerical scheme was developed and verified against some reference test cases before being extended to the Marais sewer scale. Results showed a significant impact of these coarse deposits on the hydraulic parameters. Solid production was demonstrated to be more sensible to this impact than the transfer processes.In the second place, previous findings obtained on combined sewer systems having no organic layer and high sewer contribution along with those obtained on the Marais were deeply investigated to identify the real role of this organic layer in sewer wet weather production. Results showed that this latter is only a minor source for wet weather erosion. To identify the major source, a quality module based on Skipworth erosion formulation and simple advection equation was used to test several scenarios of sewer sediment localization. The benchmark confirmed that the organic layer is not the major source of sewer production and that another source is preponderant and that can be located at the upstream branches as well as along the principal collectors with more probability of the former case
Lekoulekissa, Rodrigue. "L'électrication du Gabon, 1935-1985 : stratégies, mutations et limites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10038.
Full textDriaux, Delphine. "Les aménagements hydrauliques en contexte urbain dans l’Égypte ancienne." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040259.
Full textEssential in the development of Pharaonic civilization, water was especially studied through the place it occupies in the religion but rarely through its everyday use. Generally, hydraulic layouts are thus only briefly mentioned in Egyptological literature. From the data supplied by archaeology (materials, construction methods, etc.), this thesis thus has for first objective to study these installations in detail by relying on a corpus which lists, for the whole Pharaonic period, more than 400 structures, classified in four categories: wells, pipes, ponds and sanitary layouts. In a second hand, this detailed analysis, completed by a synthesis work replacing each of these installations in its context while confronting them simultaneously with written and iconographic sources, allows more widely to understand how water became integrated into Egyptians life. The presence or absence of these structures in houses and more widely in town thus reflects the inhabitant’s needs and the difficulties they were facing. Hydraulic layouts therefore appear to be a source of information not to be neglected for they cast new light on the Pharaonic city and its way of life while revealing certain aspects of the Egyptian society
Jalais, Savitri. "Développement des ghâts à Bénarès : dispositif architectural et espace urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1054.
Full textThe image of Benares (Kāśī, Varanasi) is closely associated to the architecture of its riverfront composed of ghats – steps and terraces – that stretch out in a monumental way on the concave bank of a meander formed by the river Ganges. The expansion of this riverfront has to be understood in relation to a cultural tradition that demands a close proximity to the waters of the river. The construction and development of this riverfront in time and the various ways in which each architectural element is integrated with the river bank, calls into question its impressive urban unity that forms a public space extending more than 6 km. The aim of this thesis is to identify the elements that have contributed to the origin and the development of this front. The architectural and urban form of the ghat is considered as a constructed flexible device adapted to a specific river environment, a characteristic topography and to practices linked to the culture of the place, which allows for easy access to the varying levels of the river's water level. Based on pictorial archives, interviews, measure drawings done on site and on official planners' drawings, I examine the techniques of hydraulic constructions best adapted to counter the river's currents, I observe and analyze the relations between the riverbank, the geography and the urban landscape so as to better approach the ghats' architecture and I explain the materialization of the ghat through the diverse practices and the symbolic trajectories that surround it. The particular relation that the city entertains with its river, through the architecture of ghats, explains its urban potential inherent to its development in time and space i.e. along its river bank
Bengassem, Jamal. "Élaboration d'un système d'aide au diagnostic hydraulique et structural des réseaux d'assainissement urbains." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2001. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/837/1/BENGASSEM_Jamal.pdf.
Full textCasile, Anne. "Temples et expansion d’un centre religieux en Inde centrale : lectures du paysage archéologique de Badoh-Pathari du 5e au 10ème siècle de notre ère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030114.
Full textBased on new data acquired from fieldwork, this Ph.D. dissertation is devoted to the archaeological study of temples and their place in the expansion of an important site in Central India, Badoh-Pathari (Vidisa district, Madhya Pradesh), between the 5th and the 10th century AD. This empirical research covers a geographic area of about 80 km², in which a large number of sites and remains from temples and hydraulic structures were discovered and examined. As historic artefacts organized in space and time and within various ecological and anthropogenic contexts, the remains of these temples and hydraulic structures testify of several interrelated socioeconomic processes in the formation of a centre in early medieval time. This work deals not only with the material of these artefacts and the structural configuration of the sites, but also with the landscape in which they are kept and distributed, reflecting how the dynamic rela! tionship between man and environment were forged. It is crucial to integrate the study of both material sources and landscape in a historical context in order to address the question about the role of religious institutions in the economic, political and religious development of a centre in early medieval time. The purpose of this work is: (1) to examine in detail the remains and their archaeological context, as well as the spatial and chronological distribution of sites, (2) to explore the landscape features in which they are kept, the functions of hydraulic structures and their spatial relation to cult sites, (3) to develop an integrated analysis of various data in the framework of a geographic information system (GIS)
Sebti, Anas. "Optimisation des coûts de la réhabilitation hydraulique et environnementale d'un réseau de drainage urbain." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/894/1/SEBTI_Anas.pdf.
Full textKovacs, Yves. "Modèles de simulation d'écoulement transitoire en réseau d'assainissement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520785.
Full textDeligne, Chloé. "Bruxelles et le bassin de la Senne: gestion hydraulique et dynamiques urbaines (Moyen Age - 19e siècle)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211726.
Full textHenry, Jean-Baptiste. "Systèmes d'information spatiaux pour la gestion du risque d'inondation de plaine." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009093.
Full textGarat, Séverine. "La gestion de l'eau dans une ville romaine d'Afrique : l'exemple de Thugga (Dougga-Tunisie)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30071.
Full textNatural resource as precious and indispensable to contemporary society during ancient times, water is the central topic of this thesis. We decided to address in terms of its management by different levels of power within the Roman Empire but also at individual and private, through the example of the provincial city of Thugga, in Africa Proconsularis, now Tunisia. This issue proposes to focus the resources used by the different levels of responsibilities in order to supply and manage the water needs of an important Roman city of Africa, dedicated to the study of different types of hydraulic structures
Buyer, Marc. "Transport de flux en réseau d'assainissement : Modèle 1D pour l'hydraulique des collecteurs et déservoirs avec prise en compte des discontinuités." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13116.
Full textTHE STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY OF THE SEWER NETWORK AS WELL AS THE STRONG VARIABILITY OF THE CARRIED FLUXES ARE ANSWERABLE FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION PROBLEMS OF THE WATER DEPTHS AND THE FLOW RATES. WE modelled the hydraulic behaviour of the system by TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PHENOMENA LIKE HYDRAULIC JUMP, BACKWATER EFFECT AND TRANSITION FROM FREE SURFACE TO PRESSURISED FLOW. WE ALSO delt with the geometrical diversity of the pipes, the presence of width variations and the appearence of JUNCTIONS. FINALLY, WE described OVERFALL STRUCTURES LIKE SEWER SIDE WEIR WHICH RULE is TO AVOID OVERFLOWS OF THE SEWER NETWORK AND TO PROTECT THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FROM OVERLOAD IN RAINY WEATHER. SO, WE BUILt A ONE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL TOOL BASED ON the resolution of THE SHALLOW WATER SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS EXPRESSED UNDER IT'S CONSERVATIVE FORM BY USING SHOCK CAPTURING NUMERICAL SCHEMES WHICH ARE ABLE TO DEAL WITH STRONG VARIATIONS ON THE STUDIED VARIABLES (WATER DEPTH AND FLOW RATE). THE NUMERICAL METHODS implemented ARE AT LEAST SECOND ORDER ACCURATE AND OF TVD TYPE, which means, NON-OSCILLATORY. THIS NUMERICAL MODEL IS ABLE TO Estimate WITH PRECISION THE poured FLOW RATEs poured by the SIDE WEIR. THE EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION PHASE OF THE NUMERICAL MODELS WAS REALISED IN THREE STEPS. FIRST, WE VALIDATED THE MODELS COMPUTED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT NUMERICAL SCHEMES IN ORDER TO REPRODUCE THE BACKWATER CURVES THANKS TO AN EXPERIMENTAL CHANNEL. THE RESULTS OBTAINED, VERY SATISFYING, PERMIT US TO SELECT THE MOST ACCURATE NUMERICAL MODEL CHOOSEN BETWEEN THE FOUR COMPUTED. SECONDLY, WE VERIFIED THE ABILITY OF THE SELECTED MODEL TO REPRODUCE THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CHANNEL EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION BY THE USE OF A VENTURI FLUME. FINALLY, WE TESTED THE ACCURACY OF OUR HIGH AND LOW CRESTED SIDE WEIR NUMERICAL TOOL THANKS TO A PHYSICAL TEST BENCH
Fradet, Olivier. "Calage en ligne de modèles hydrauliques simplifiés pour la gestion en temps réel de réseaux de drainage urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26560/26560.pdf.
Full textGaspar, Neto Pascoal. "Les Relations nappe-rivière en milieu urbain : Application à la vallée de la Meurthe à Nancy." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10381.
Full textDenizeau, Valentine. "Conduire l'eau dans Le Caire mamlûk : installations hydrauliques et politiques d'aménagements dans la capitale égyptienne (1250-1517)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10056.
Full textChesnaux, Romain. "Élaboration d'une méthodologie de détection et de caractérisation des courts-circuits hydrauliques entre aquifères causés par un défaut de scellement de puits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_CHESNAUX_R.pdf.
Full textAn experimental and theoretical approach has been developed for detecting and quantifying hydraulic short-circuits and cross-contamination between two aquifers separated by an aquitard and intersected by a borehole. Such leaks can be caused, for example, by improperly sealed pumping or monitoring wells and can have serious economic and health consequences if the underlying aquifer is being pumped for water supply. The research was undertaken within the global perspective of sustainable development and as an application of water resources protection. The research project consisted in developing and testing a technical approach and associated instrumentation for detection of short-circuits, and a mathematical approach to characterize and quantify the fluid and mass leakage rates. The methodology was successfully tested by numerical modelling, small-scale laboratory experiments, then finally at a large-scale field research site. The method consists in executing a series of successive, variable-rate pumping tests in the lower aquifer and measuring the leakage rates associated with each of the pumping steps. The leakage rate is estimated by a non reactive tracer test. At each pumping step, the tracer is injected under constant concentration from a piezometer installed in the upper aquifer. If a seal defect exists, the tracer will leak past the seal defect and will be recovered from the lower aquifer. The theoretical equations presented here describe the relationship between the leakage rate, the initial concentration of the injected tracer, the pumping rate and the recovered concentration. Hydraulic and geometrical properties of the seal defect can then be determined. The methodology was tested at the Sorel, Quebec field site, which is characterized by an unconfined and confined aquifer separated by an aquitard. The site includes several boreholes for which defective seals were artificially created. The field trial consisted of injecting a diluted lithium solution into the upper aquifer and concomitantly executing a series of pumping tests in the confined aquifer. The recovered lithium concentrations were used to confirm the theoretical solution for predicting the leakage rates. The predicted behaviour of the short-circuits and their calculated geometric and physical properties were confirmed with the in situ data. This newly developed methodology has several advantages. It is relatively simple and inexpensive to apply in the field, for wells to be newly dug as well as for existing wells. The piezometer, which also functions as the injection port, can be installed within the same borehole as the well (in the case of a new well), or drilled separately (for an existing well). The pumping well itself is used to monitor the tracer breakthrough. One limitation has been identified in regards to the applicability of this method. It concerns the contrast of hydraulic conductivity between the aquitard and the defective seal. It has been numerically shown that in order for the method to function, the hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard must be inferior to the hydraulic conductivity of the defective seal by at least two orders of magnitude. The theory upon which the method is based supposes that the aquitard leakage rate is negligible compared to that of the defective seal. In the opposite case, the method will not provide an accurate prediction of the leakage rate through the defective seal. Although some assumptions must be made, the method works for a wide range of aquifer/aquitard properties and leakage rates. However it must remembered that the properties of a seal can change with time, which can affect the degree of crosscontamination. Thus a suspect well should be re-tested fairly often. If the protocol is followed and the assumptions are respected, the approach provides a useful and practical method for detecting hydraulic short circuits
Abily, Morgan. "Modélisation hydraulique à surface libre haute-résolution : utilisation de données topographiques haute-résolution pour la caractérisation du risque inondation en milieux urbains et industriels." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4121/document.
Full textHigh Resolution (infra-metric) topographic data, including LiDAR photo-interpreted datasets, are becoming commonly available at large range of spatial extent, such as municipality or industrial site scale. These datasets are promising for High-Resolution (HR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation, allowing inclusion of fine aboveground structures that influence overland flow hydrodynamic in urban environment. DEMs are one key input data in Hydroinformatics to perform free surface hydraulic modelling using standard 2D Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) based numerical codes. Nonetheless, several categories of technical and numerical challenges arise from this type of data use with standard 2D SWEs numerical codes. Objective of this thesis is to tackle possibilities, advantages and limits of High-Resolution (HR) topographic data use within standard categories of 2D hydraulic numerical modelling tools for flood hazard assessment purpose. Concepts of HR topographic data and 2D SWE based numerical modelling are recalled. HR modelling is performed for : (i) intense runoff and (ii) river flood event using LiDAR and photo-interpreted datasets. Tests to encompass HR surface elevation data in standard modelling tools ranges from industrial site scale to a megacity district scale (Nice, France). Several standard 2D SWEs based codes are tested (Mike 21, Mike 21 FM, TELEMAC-2D, FullSWOF_2D). Tools and methods for assessing uncertainties aspects with 2D SWE based models are developed to perform a spatial Global Sensitivity Analysis related to HR topographic data use. Results show the importance of modeller choices regarding ways to integrate the HR topographic information in models
Ghostine, Rabih. "Contribution à la résolution numérique des équations de Barré de Saint Venant bidimensionnelles par une méthode de type éléments finis discontinus : application à la simulation des écoulements au sein des carrefours de la ville." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/GHOSTINE_Rabih_2009.pdf.
Full textThe scientific objective of this work of thesis is the hydraulic management of the flood in the city. The control of volumes and water depths generated by the rainy events passes by a fine knowledge of the crossroads. In fact, the flows will be distributed within the city through these nodes. The work concerns particularly the study of the numerical resolution of the two-dimensional equations of hydraulics at open channel (Saint Venant equations). The tool privileged to answer to the requests of the engineering departments of the agglomerations is the numerical simulation, only tool making it possible to make forecasts for exceptional events. The objective is thus to develop a tool for simulation robust making it possible to make choices according to objectives. The considered numerical scheme is based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite elements method associated with a slope limitation. The work will aim particularly to implements this type of scheme and to study the robustness and the stability of this new scheme of discretization in particular during the use of unstructured mesh of the crossroads of the city starting from triangular element. In the first time, the numerical scheme is favourably compared to a finite volume scheme implemented with the same properties on various hydraulic problems transient and steady. Numerical results of several flow problems show the interest of the developed method. In the second time, the numerical scheme is compared to the one-dimensional approach for the prediction of the subcritical, supercritical and transcritical flows through the junctions. We finish this memory by checking the capacities of the numerical scheme to simulate the flows which develop within the crossroads of the city, under the experimental conditions studied by Mignot et al. (2008b). Thus, the results predicted by the numerical scheme are then compared with the corresponding characteristics of the flows measured in experiments as well as with the results predicted by a 2D finite volume method and a software based
Gonzàlez, Reynoso Arsenio Ernesto. "La construction sociale de la réalité hydraulique au Mexique (1951-2010) : champs sociaux, réseaux et représentations territoriales en conflit." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0046.
Full textThe relationship between the individual and the water is a complex mediation made up of institutions and discourses. In this thesis, two aspects of this institutional and discursive mediation are studied: 1) The transformation of dominant common sense in the bureaucratic field of water policy, and 2) the representations of the territory that go with the actions of bureaucratic and social agents of water supply in Mexico City. In the first part we study the trajectories of bureaucratic agents that reformed the hydraulic national institution from 1975 to 1989. It is considered that the discursive formation and the network that drove the reforms are two sides of the same coin and both of them express the change in the field of water policy. This reform was not important in the adoption of the neoliberal perspective, but especially in the recovery of the autonomy of the water sector. The resulting discursive formation is the common sense today. The second part examines the representations of territory built from different positions of the geopolitical field defined by water supply to Mexico City. Conflicts over water appropriation translate into textual, verbal, cartographic or pictorial representations. In the first part we study an institutional and discursive transformation, and the trajectories of the dominant agents of a national bureaucratic field. The second part deals with the speeches and positions in a geopolitical field where the agents dispute the ownership of the water that supplies the capital city and its metropolitan area
Entre el individuo y el agua hay una compleja mediación formada por instituciones y lenguajes. En esta tesis se estudian dos aspectos de esa mediación institucional y discuriva: 1) La transformación del sentido común dominante en el campo burocrático de la política hidráulica nacional y 2) Las representaciones del territorio que acompañan las acciones de los agentes burocráticos y sociales para abastecer de agua a la Ciudad de México. En la primera parte se estudian las trayectorias de los agentes burocráticos que reformaron la institución hidráulica nacional de 1975 a 1989. Se considera que la formación discursiva y la red reformadora son dos caras de la misma moneda y ambas expresan la modificación del campo de las políticas del agua. Esta reforma consistió no tanto en la adopción de la perspectiva neoliberal, sino sobre todo en la recuperación de la autonomía del sector hidráulico. La formación discursiva resultante es el sentido común actual. En la segunda parte se estudia la gama de representaciones del territorio construidas desde diferentes posiciones del campo geopolítico definido por el abastecimiento de agua a la Ciudad de México. Los conflictos por la apropiación del agua se traducen en representaciones texuales, verbales, cartográficas, pictóricas. En la primera parte se estudia una mutación institucional, discursiva y de las trayectorias de los agentes dominantes de un campo burocrático nacional. En la segunda parte se estudia la diferencia entre los discursos y posiciones en un campo geopolítico conflictivo donde se disputa la apropiación del agua con la que se abastece la capital del país y su zona metropolitana. Palabras clave : política del agua, campo burocrático, reforma institucional, conflicto por el agua, cuenca hidrológica, geopolítica del agua, discurso, representacioness sociales
Argoud, Gilbert. "La Grèce antique et l'eau : recherches sur l'eau et son utilisation urbaine et rurale dans la Grèce antique du VIe au 1er siècle avant J-C : installations hydrauliques et réglementation." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO20056.
Full textThe climate of Greece has not changed since antiquity ; as now, this country had then a very unequal distribution of rain throughout the year, which is characterized by abundant rain in autumn and winter and a dry period for the remainder of the year. For domestic, artisanal and agricultural use, when springs and rivers were insufficient, the Greeks used subterranean water through the means of wells, or rain-water that they kept in cisterns. In the archaic period, when cities were beginning to be formed, the main installations used to obtain water were the wells. The regulations fixed by Solon in Athens show well the predominance of wells during this period. With the growth of cities, during the 6th, then the 5th century, fountains were being developped. All the cities of Greece had these beautiful and resonant fountains, ornate with columns and proches. Which returned the laugh of joyful users : archaeological remains merely confirm the evidence of vase-paintings. The Greeks knew how to feed their towns and sanctuaries with water by using various devices that they protected by well defined and severe regulations. The Greeks provided the essentials for their people, often giving a touch of art and taste in their installations with their aesthetic sense which, concerning architecture, was very developped. But they did not use water as a source of power. A Greek from Alexandria left the description of a steam-engine and its
Massounie, Dominique. "Les monuments de l'eau aqueducs, châteaux d'eau et fontaines dans la France urbaine, du règne de Louis XIV à la Révolution /." Paris : Éd. du Patrimoine, Centre des monuments nationaux, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41482233z.
Full textBibliogr. p.154-156. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Mezemate, Yacine. "Analyse et modélisation multifractales des interactions ondes-turbulence-biologie dans un lac urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1166/document.
Full textResearch in limnology has generally focused on natural lakes and dams. Moreover, the scientific challenges posed by urban lakes are numerous because of their large width and shallow depth resulting in complex problems that involve. This work is part of the project Petits Lacs Urbains Mesures Modèles Multi-Echelles (PLUMMME), founded by Région Île-de-France (DIM R2DS program). The project provides the high-resolution equipment measuring equipment used at Lake Créteil. Physical and biological measurements are the primary scope of this thesis, with some comparisons of measurements done between Lake Creteil and Lake Bourget. With this in mind, the first step of the thesis was to enhance currently available data. In order to do this we installed a station for the continuous measurement of: temperature, chlorophyll and light, also meteorological quantities such as wind speed, and air temperature were measured. The quantities were measured using two measuring chains comprising different sensors. Measurements were conducted in order to characterise hydrodynamics, using a current meter of type Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) and a profiler of type Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) positioned at different points in the lake (centrally, and at the point of stormwater discharge). The analysis of the various measured fields shows that the lake is periodically stratified with a period of one week. We also identify the different modes of the internal waves that occur due to the effects of the wind. Spectral analysis was used to highlight the first scale invariant propriety of the different measured fields. Various physical processes (turbulence, stratification, near-wall flow) operating along the water column were also characterised using this method. The spectral analysis, however, does not provide information about the intermittency of the fluctuations of the measured fields, this can only be done using multifractal techniques. In this thesis, we have shown that when there is a dependence between two fields, the dependence is multiscale. The use of the Universal Multifractal (UM) model, allows one to quantify the degree of this dependence. The quality of the estimation of the UM parameters depends strongly on that of the observed scale: time-series with trends are not scaling. The effects of the latter on the estimation of UM parameters can be improved by the application of the Empirical Modal Decomposition method. The measured velocity data from the ADCP shows that the slope of the power spectra density follow a logarithmic profile along the depth of the lake, it shows that different physical processes operate along the water column. We also show that the hydrodynamics of the lake at small scale are strongly perturbed at the point of waterstorm discharge. The last part of the thesis is focused on what our analysis at small-scales brings to numerical models. We show that, if the deterministic models are able to reproduce some phenomena at large scale, they fail to describe the small-scale variability. the small scale variability and the physical processes involved. A multifractal analysis showed that the small-scale variability of the physical fields displays a strong intermittency, an extremely important feature for biological or chemical reactions and therefore for biological scenarios. Knowing that the majority of biological/chemical interactions occur at smaller scales, this result underlines the necessity to greatly improve the closure of the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, we show that the structure function, a frequently used statistical tool in turbulence, do not uniquely characterize non-conservative fields, i.e., they do not correspond to identical simulations
Tizghadam, Ghazani Mostafa. "Etude des performances et optimisation d'un réacteur cascade à biomasse hybride pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/64980613-b375-43bd-ae4b-8816e68604b1/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4027.pdf.
Full textIn order to solve the problems involved in the organic overload of certain wastewater treatment plants and more generally to improve their performances with respect to nutrients removal, the transformation of the activated sludge treatment plants can be achived with the addition of a biofilm support in the aeration basin. We coupled a suspended growth system with an attached growth system into the same reactor; the process is known as “hybrid”. The cascaded reactor with hybrid biomass (RCBH) is a novel multistage reactor design using a series of baffles designed to force the wastewater to flow alternatively under and over the baffles, in which the supports for development of a biofilm immersed. This type of hybrid reactor, allows the improvement of the treatment of organic carbon, the coupling of the biological nitrification and denitrification within the same basin, with the improvement of the sludge settleability (minimization of the filamentous “bulking” related to the type of flow in use in the reactor). The aims of this work were to study the performances of the RCBH in order to evaluate the possibilities of dimension reductions of the activated sludge plant installations while allowing the carbon and nitrogen treatment. Four aerated reactors with the same effective volume alimented either by a synthetic effluent or by a domestic wastewater, were compared in term of the performances: a suspended growth completely mixed reactor (RPA), a suspended growth cascaded reactor (RC), a hybrid growth completely mixed reactor (RPABH) and a hybrid growth cascaded reactor (RCBH). (For the latter reactor, operation with aerobic- anoxic conditions was also studied). The hydrodynamics of reactors were characterized in order to evaluate its contribution in the elimination of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutions, and the sludge settleability. In the second time, the operating conditions of the reactors were modified in order to appreciate their influence on the mechanisms of elimination of carbon and nitrogen: mass loading, nitrogen loading, hydraulic retention time, sludge age. Lastly, the parameters influencing the performances of the carbon elimination, the nitrification and denitrification were studied for the control and maintenance of the experimental conditions. Where the systems was feded with the domestic wastewater, the COD efficiencies in RPA, RPABH, RC and RCBH are 89, 92, 91 and 93% respectively and in the same order, the ammonia nitrogen efficiencies 20, 29, 88 and 89% are respectively. The hydrodynamics modifications and the biomass implementation in the aeration basin leaded to the improvement the efficiency of the installation. The configuration of a RCBH sequenced aerobic-anoxic with two anoxic compartments at the head of the reactor, was optimized to obtain a concentration in DBO5 lower than 30 mg O2. L-1 and a total nitrogen concentration below 10 mgN. L-1 in effluent. The compartmentalized (cascade) configuration of the aeration basin facilitated the installation of the aerobic-anoxic zones into the reactor and allowed the elimination of 90% of kjeldahl nitrogen. This value was 38% for a traditional system under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the configuration of the cascaded reactor made it possible to set up nitrification-denitrification in the same reactor
Braneyre, Martine. "Modélisation des échanges nappe-rivières : application à la détermination des zones sensibles aux remontées de nappe sur la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20182.
Full textBouchenafa, Walid. "Modélisation des inondations en tunnel en cas de crue de la Seine pour le Plan de Protection des Risques Inondations de la RATP (PPRI)." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2338/document.
Full textThe 1910 flood of the Seine had a direct impact on the functioning of the different networks (Electricity network, sewerage, transport, water distribution). The RATP network was particularly affected in its functioning. The damage that centennial flood could cause today may be even greater because the current network is more vulnerable because of the numerous electrical and computer equipment that it comprises. The majority of the emergences (The water ingress) of the RATP is located in flood areas. During a major flooding of the Seine, the flows due to the floods propagate directly into the underground and central part of the network (Metro and RER) through these emergences. This thesis is interested in a hydrodynamic simulation by MIKE URBAN, Model used to model the RATP network due to its MOUSE engine developed by DHI for the sewerage networks. This work also presents the results obtained on a physical model of a subway station. The experimental data were used to model water ingress within the RATP network from the subway station. Network protection against infiltration requires a thorough knowledge of underground flow conditions. Infiltrations through the tunnels are estimated numerically. The aim of this research is to improve and validate a simulation model. It is a question of implementing an operational decision support tool which will allow the flood cell of the RATP to understand the functioning of its network in order to improve its flood risk protection plan
Mate, Marin Ainhoa. "Multiscale approach to assess the DSM-flux capacity to mitigate impacts on the receiving waters : Quantification of overflow rates and interception of particulate pollutants from combined sewer overflows." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI008/document.
Full textOver the past decade, European Union governments have encouraged to collect data on the volume and quality of all urban water effluents with a significant environmental impact on receiving aquatic environments. Methods for monitoring these flows require improvements, particularly for combined sewer overflows, which are complex flows that contribute in significant proportion to the degradation of the quality of the receiving waters. The DSM-flux (Device for Stormwater and combined sewer flows Monitoring and the control of pollutant fluxes) is a new pre-calibrated and pre-designed device that guarantees the appropriate hydraulic conditions for measuring discharged flows and volumes as well as the concentrations and mass loads of pollutants carried in suspension by the flow. In this PhD work, a relationship allowing to measure the flow rates conveying through the DSM-flux was determined thanks to an experimental study on a small-scale physical model, and then validated for several flow configurations upstream of the device. Whatever the upstream hydraulic conditions are, the relative uncertainties are less than 15% and 2% for the flow rates and volumes studied, respectively, which is equivalent to the uncertainties of the most reliable current methods. The monitoring methodology was validated in situ in a large-scale device installed at the field and operating in real conditions, which shows the robustness of the method. Moreover, thanks to its original design, the DSM-flux allows the interception of a fraction of particulate pollutants. The hydrodynamics of this monitoring device were analysed as well as the conditions that cause the settling of particulate pollutants. Depending on the flow conditions, this device can retain 50% of the total mass of fine suspended solid matter transiting through the device, but for flows at high discharge rates, this efficiency is significantly reduced. Its retention capacity has also been observed in the field and a methodology has been developed to quantify its retention efficiency in future studies. Apart from its performance, from an operational point of view, the device has other advantages compared to other current devices: (i) it is pre-calibrated and can be installed downstream from existing combined sewer overflows, (ii) it can be directly installed through a manhole in the discharge channel, (iii) its hydraulic performance is independent from the flow conditions upstream, and (iv) it is an integrated monitoring device, measuring flow rates and their quality simultaneously, in addition to intercepting a part of the particulate pollutants
Brigand, Robin. "CENTURIATIONS ROMAINES ET DYNAMIQUE DES PARCELLAIRES. UNE APPROCHE DIACHRONIQUE DES FORMES RURALES ET URBAINES DE LA PLAINE CENTRALE DE VENISE (ITALIE)." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551273.
Full textPieper, Leila. "Development of a model simplification procedure for integrated urban water system models : conceptual catchment and sewer modelling." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27991.
Full textModelling urban wastewater networks within integrated systems, focusing on both water quantity and quality, introduces flexibility to develop solutions with greatest benefit to the overall system. Integrated models provide benefits over traditional single sub-system models by facilitating efficient analysis of interactions between the individual components of urban water systems (i.e. catchments, sewers, treatment plants, and receiving waters) within a single modelling platform. The reduced complexity of this type of model decreases the computational burden compared to their detailed counterparts. This allows for a wider range of assessments such as scenario-testing, RTC optimization, and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses. The potential to create these types of representative integrated models was proven in multiple studies, however, the current methods to develop these models are not well-established nor well documented, and therefore require significant work for each case study. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized method to represent the water quantity portion limits the wide-scale application of such models for water quality studies. Although research is required to further develop and optimize all methodologies involved with building Integrated Urban Wastewater System (IUWS) models, this project focuses on the simplified catchment and sewer conceptual models for water quantity. The objective of this study was to develop a structured procedure to translate detailed hydrologic and hydraulic models into the simplified conceptual models used in IUWS modelling. The aim was to improve repeatability, flexibility and efficiency of the general approach, regardless of chosen modelling platforms. This task was achieved by extracting the key steps and considerations while building two simplified conceptual models of a case study in central Ottawa, Canada. The central urban portion (6,400 ha) of a calibrated detailed PCSWMM model of the City of Ottawa, containing a mix of separated, partially-separated and combined sewer areas, was used as the reference model in this case study. The main task involved determining how to translate this detailed model into simplified conceptual models, using WEST as the platform, in a structured, systematic and repeatable way. The resultant developed procedure follows a similar sequence as the protocols reviewed in the literature review, while taking into consideration specifics related to aggregating catchments and sewers. The four main phases of this thesis are Project Definition, Model Development, Calibration and Validation. Two versions of the lumped model were created; the first was created with a certain level of aggregation, while the second was a further aggregation of the first model, resulting in about half the number of blocks and reservoirs. Both models were calibrated and compared to the detailed model as well as to each other. The simulation results showed that the volume and dynamics (ie. the shape of the hydrographs) of the conceptual models emulated those of the detailed model well (< < 10% differences), while providing a significant reduction in simulation-time speed-up (10 to 80 times faster than the detailed model). The simulation time reduction in the more aggregated model was not equivalent to the increased level of aggregation, mostly due to the fixed amount of basic calculation required in each model. As generally expected, larger but acceptable differences were found during the validation period compared to the calibration period. These differences were attributed to several factors, such as the lack of a long-time series calibration, oversimplified representations of special structures, the different mechanisms in the detailed and conceptual models used to represent wet weather flow, and the configuration of the model code. Overall, the validation was successful given the fact that the calibration was performed using events whereas the validation used an extended time series of 45 days. In general, the devised procedure helped reduce the manual labour associated with building a model and structured the approach to build the conceptual models. General findings from the various identified phases were also documented throughout the model building process. In the Project Definition phase, the conceptual model’s objectives guided the method of model development and calibration. The catchments and sewers were delineated concurrently in the Model Development phase, while taking into consideration the locations of the key hydraulic structures, raingauges and overflows. The Calibration phase allowed for the most systematic advancement of the model build, given that a good calibration order was defined and a limited set of parameters was targeted in each successive run. The Validation phase proved critical in pinpointing deficiencies in the initial assumptions and calibrated values, thus determining whether the model is ready for use or needs to be modified through one of the preceding phases. An efficient and structured procedure that translates catchment and sewer representations from detailed to conceptual models in IUWS was developed and successfully applied to a case study. As demonstrated in this project, applying the proposed structured procedure will lead to the efficient development of representative IUWS models, thus increasing their potential use to test real-life scenarios. To challenge and improve the formulated procedure, applying it to multiple case studies is recommended.
Bardet, Romaric. "Approvisionnement en eau et gestion de la ressource en milieu urbain : le cas des cités-états grecques de Crète (VIIIe s.-67 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040193.
Full textThe water supply and the management of this resource in the urban areas of the Greek cities of Crete is a recent research theme, which raises the question of the efficiency of the Cretan hydraulic civilization of the first millenium B.C. in general. Borrowing from the sciences of the nature, from the geography, as well as from the history, the study intends to put the archaeology back in the heart of the debate, to illustrate in particular the contribution of the Cretan hydraulic techniques to the development of the new conurbations led by the emergence, and then the blooming of city-states on the island between the eigth century B.C. and the conquest of the island by Rome, in 67 B.C. It seems that most of the current forms of answer to water supply issues of cities were known in Crete from the Iron Age
Groussard, David. "La gestion de l’eau dans les villes bretonnes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505459/fr/.
Full textThrough this study, we shall go back to the water management in the urban areas of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, precisely at the time when a suspicious perception of the humid environment is developing. The historiographical approach of water has been evolving for almost thirty years and is fostered by contemporary issues. Water has fully become a research subject and the setting of Brittany is not neutral : its environmental, institutional and cultural characteristics play a key role in the elaboration of hydrological works. The situation evolved over the two centuries : on the local level, the major changes lie in the councils' management of the hydraulic equipments and the appointment of administrators to handle the urban affairs. The designing mission shifts also from craftmanship to engineering, and this change in the professional expertise of the designer entails repercussions on both the organization of the building site and the morphology of the equipment. This redefinition of the administrative and technical tasks influences the works' practicality
Bouzouidja, Ryad. "Fonctionnement hydrique d'un Technosol superficiel - application à une toiture végétalisée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0232/document.
Full textThe sealing in cities highly degrades the buffer and filter functions of soils which generates and/or emphasizes major environmental issues (e.g. urban heat island, flooding, pollution of the runoff water). Among other technologies, advances in green roof engineering provide solutions for the management of urban rainwater. Indeed, green roofs can highly contribute to water regulation service by delaying run-off peaks and decreasing water fluxes to storm water collection network. The purpose of this work is to quantify and model the hydric performances of such an urban Technosol by taking into account the seasonal variations and the aging of the green roof. Physic and hydric measurements were conducted on the green roof constituents. Then, water fluxes and meteorological parameters were monitored in four green roofs parcels – including two with an innovative water storage structure – both at the lab and the building scales. Finally, the hydrodynamics of green roofs was modeled and numerically investigated with HYDRUS-1D in the framework of the Richards equations and the van Genuchten-Mualem model that describe unsaturated flows. As a result: i) the water flows inside these complex porous media were physically characterized, ii) the hydric performances of different parcels over three years, under Lorraine climate, were evaluated, iii) the model approach reached to a good description of the hydraulic behavior at the lab-scale but tends to underestimate in situ water fluxes. Beyond that, this work can provide a robust approach to simulate water transfer in green roofs under different climates or situations and may also contribute to further technological development
Schmitt, Vivien. "Investigation expérimentale et numérique d'un ouvrage de séparation particulaire en assainissement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD023/document.
Full textThe installation of hydraulic structures to separate particles is a key element to improve the quality of water bodies. This PhD work focus on the study of a hydrodynamic separator used to capture large wastes before their discharge into the see. Tangential separation mechanism along a screen is used in this device. The first part of the work consists in studying the hydraulic behavior and the clogging effectiveness of the device with laboratory experiments. A CFD multiscale approach was developed in this work to optimize the shape of the screen in order to avoid clogging. This method, validated against experimental data, allows us to predict that expanded metal stripes are useful to develop turbulence and pressure gradients upstream the screen. This hydrodynamic phenomenon favor particles and pollutants ejection near the apertures. The last part of the work was to study the hydrodynamic behavior and the real efficiency with in situ experiments
François, Marie. "EAU ET DÉVELOPPEMENT EN ESPAGNE POLITIQUES ET DISCOURS Les exemples de l'Aragon et de la Région de Murcie." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459592.
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