Journal articles: 'Hydrides – Storage'

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Jensen, Emil H., Martin Dornheim, and Sabrina Sartori. "Scaling up Metal Hydrides for Real-Scale Applications: Achievements, Challenges and Outlook." Inorganics 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9050037.

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As the world evolves, so does the energy demand. The storage of hydrogen using metal hydrides shows great promise due to the ability to store and deliver energy on demand while achieving higher volumetric density and safer storage conditions compared with traditional storage options such as compressed gas or liquid hydrogen. Research is typically performed on lab-sized samples and tanks and shows great potential for large scale applications. However, the effects of scale-up on the metal hydride’s performance are relatively less investigated. Studies performed so far on both materials, and hydride-based storage tanks show that the scale-up can significantly impact the system’s capacity, kinetics, and sorption properties. The findings presented in this review suggest areas of further investigation in order to implement metal hydrides in real scale applications.

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MENG, XIANG-YU, ZE-WEI BAO, FU-SHENG YANG, and ZAO-XIAO ZHANG. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR ENERGY HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT STORAGE TECHNOLOGY BASED ON METAL HYDRIDES." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 02 (June 2011): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132511000508.

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A solar energy storage system based on metal hydrides was proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation of processes of energy storage and thermal release were carried out. The dynamic behavior of heat and mass transfer in the metal hydride energy system were reported. Some factors which influence the whole system performance were discussed. The paper also made an economic analysis of the system, the results proved that the large amounts of metal hydride materials and the configurations of metal hydrides energy storage system involve a critical situation from an economical point of view. Then further analysis, particularly regarding the performance optimization and new plant arrangement of the metal hydrides energy storage system, has to be developed in order to attain the economical feasibility of the proposal.

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Bogdanovic, Borislav, Michael Felderhoff, and Guido Streukens. "Hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, no. 2 (2009): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0902183b.

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Complex metal hydrides such as sodium aluminohydride (NaAlH4) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) are solid-state hydrogen-storage materials with high hydrogen capacities. They can be used in combination with fuel cells as a hydrogen source thus enabling longer operation times compared with classical metal hydrides. The most important point for a wide application of these materials is the reversibility under moderate technical conditions. At present, only NaAlH4 has favorable thermodynamic properties and can be employed as a thermally reversible means of hydrogen storage. By contrast, NaBH4 is a typical non-reversible complex metal hydride; it reacts with water to produce hydrogen.

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Liu, Yuchen, Djafar Chabane, and Omar Elkedim. "Intermetallic Compounds Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage: A Review." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 5758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185758.

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Hydrogen energy is a very attractive option in dealing with the existing energy crisis. For the development of a hydrogen energy economy, hydrogen storage technology must be improved to over the storage limitations. Compared with traditional hydrogen storage technology, the prospect of hydrogen storage materials is broader. Among all types of hydrogen storage materials, solid hydrogen storage materials are most promising and have the most safety security. Solid hydrogen storage materials include high surface area physical adsorption materials and interstitial and non-interstitial hydrides. Among them, interstitial hydrides, also called intermetallic hydrides, are hydrides formed by transition metals or their alloys. The main alloy types are A2B, AB, AB2, AB3, A2B7, AB5, and BCC. A is a hydride that easily forms metal (such as Ti, V, Zr, and Y), while B is a non-hydride forming metal (such as Cr, Mn, and Fe). The development of intermetallic compounds as hydrogen storage materials is very attractive because their volumetric capacity is much higher (80–160 kgH2m−3) than the gaseous storage method and the liquid storage method in a cryogenic tank (40 and 71 kgH2m−3). Additionally, for hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, the environmental requirements are lower than that of physical adsorption materials (ultra-low temperature) and the simplicity of the procedure is higher than that of non-interstitial hydrogen storage materials (multiple steps and a complex catalyst). In addition, there are abundant raw materials and diverse ingredients. For the synthesis and optimization of intermetallic compounds, in addition to traditional melting methods, mechanical alloying is a very important synthesis method, which has a unique synthesis mechanism and advantages. This review focuses on the application of mechanical alloying methods in the field of solid hydrogen storage materials.

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Lang, Julien, and Jacques Huot. "The effect of cold rolling on the crystal structure of Mg and MgH2." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082035.

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Hydrogen could have a leading role as an energy carrier in the future. As a storage medium, metal hydrides are interesting from a fundamental as well as practical point of view. Hydrogen storage applications have been the main driving force of research on these materials but lately uses such as thermal storage are considered. Magnesium and magnesium alloys are interesting as a hydrogen storage material since they are low cost and have a high gravimetric capacity (7.6 wt. %). As a preparation technique, cold rolling has been recently shown to be an equivalent to high energy ball milling for magnesium hydride [1]. In this presentation we will review the use of x-ray and neutron diffraction to study the effect of cold rolling on magnesium and magnesium hydride's crystal structure. Cold rolling on magnesium plate produced a highly textured material. When performed on magnesium hydride, cold rolling reduced the crystallite size down to nanometer scale. The impact of texture and naocrystallinity on hydrogen storage behaviours will also be discussed.

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Novák, Pavel, Dalibor Vojtěch, Filip Průša, Jan Šerák, and Thomáš Fabián. "Structure and Properties of Magnesium-Based Hydrogen Storage Alloys." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.217.

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Hydrogen is the promising pollutant-free fuel of the near future. For various hydrogen applications, suitable storage systems have to be developed. One of the safe ways is the reversible storage of hydrogen in the form of light metal (lithium or magnesium) hydrides. MgH2 magnesium hydride shows very high storage capacity (approx. 7 wt. %), but its problem is high thermodynamic stability. Therefore, high temperature (over 400°C) is necessary for MgH2 to decompose producing hydrogen. The solution of this problem can be the utilization of the complex magnesium hydrides containing nickel, copper or other transition metals. In this work, the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of the various magnesium alloys (Mg-Ni, Mg-Zn, Mg-Cu and Mg-Cu-Al) are described. The aim was to find suitable hydrogen storage system with good storage capacity and sufficient rate of formation and decomposition of hydrides. Microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the alloys were determined by the light and scanning electron microscopy, EDS and XRD. Hydrogen saturation was carried out by cathodic polarization in the alkaline solution. Hydrogen content in the material was estimated by XRD from the shift of the diffraction lines of present phases.

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Li, Feng, Urs Aeberhard, Hong Wu, Man Qiao, and Yafei Li. "Global minimum beryllium hydride sheet with novel negative Poisson's ratio: first-principles calculations." RSC Advances 8, no. 35 (2018): 19432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02492h.

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Baricco, Marcello, Mauro Palumbo, Eugenio Pinatel, Marta Corno, and Piero Ugliengo. "Thermodynamic Database for Hydrogen Storage Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.213.

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In order to be used for applications, the thermodynamic stability of a candidate hydrogen storage material should be suitable for hydrogen sorption at room conditions. By mixing different hydrides, it is possible to promote the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes. On the other hand, small changes in composition allow a tailoring of thermodynamic stability of hydrides. Knowledge of thermodynamic stability of hydrides is thus fundamental to study the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes and useful to rationalize synthesis reactions and to suggest possible alternative reaction routes. The purpose of this work is to develop a consistent thermodynamic database for hydrogen storage systems by the CALPHAD approach. Experimental data have been collected from the literature. When experimental measurements were scarce or completely lacking, estimations of the energy of formation of hydrides have been obtained by ab initio calculations performed with the CRYSTAL code. Several systems of interest for hydrogen storage have been investigated, including metallic hydrides (M-H) and complex hydrides. The effect on thermodynamic properties of fluorine-to-hydrogen substitution in some simple hydrides is also considered. Calculated and experimental thermodynamic properties of various hydrides have been compared and a satisfactory agreement has been achieved.

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Zhang, Jinsong, Timothy S. Fisher, P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, Jay P. Gore, and Issam Mudawar. "A Review of Heat Transfer Issues in Hydrogen Storage Technologies." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 12 (August 25, 2005): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2098875.

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Significant heat transfer issues associated with four alternative hydrogen storage methods are identified and discussed, with particular emphasis on technologies for vehicle applications. For compressed hydrogen storage, efficient heat transfer during compression and intercooling decreases compression work. In addition, enhanced heat transfer inside the tank during the fueling process can minimize additional compression work. For liquid hydrogen storage, improved thermal insulation of cryogenic tanks can significantly reduce energy loss caused by liquid boil-off. For storage systems using metal hydrides, enhanced heat transfer is essential because of the low effective thermal conductivity of particle beds. Enhanced heat transfer is also necessary to ensure that both hydriding and dehydriding processes achieve completion and to prevent hydride bed meltdown. For hydrogen storage in the form of chemical hydrides, innovative vehicle cooling design will be needed to enable their acceptance.

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Aymard, Luc, Yassine Oumellal, and Jean-Pierre Bonnet. "Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (August 31, 2015): 1821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.186.

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The state of the art of conversion reactions of metal hydrides (MH) with lithium is presented and discussed in this review with regard to the use of these hydrides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A focus on the gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities for different examples from binary, ternary and complex hydrides is presented, with a comparison between thermodynamic prediction and experimental results. MgH2 constitutes one of the most attractive metal hydrides with a reversible capacity of 1480 mA·h·g−1 at a suitable potential (0.5 V vs Li+/Li0) and the lowest electrode polarization (<0.2 V) for conversion materials. Conversion process reaction mechanisms with lithium are subsequently detailed for MgH2, TiH2, complex hydrides Mg2MH x and other Mg-based hydrides. The reversible conversion reaction mechanism of MgH2, which is lithium-controlled, can be extended to others hydrides as: MH x + xLi+ + xe− in equilibrium with M + xLiH. Other reaction paths—involving solid solutions, metastable distorted phases, and phases with low hydrogen content—were recently reported for TiH2 and Mg2FeH6, Mg2CoH5 and Mg2NiH4. The importance of fundamental aspects to overcome technological difficulties is discussed with a focus on conversion reaction limitations in the case of MgH2. The influence of MgH2 particle size, mechanical grinding, hydrogen sorption cycles, grinding with carbon, reactive milling under hydrogen, and metal and catalyst addition to the MgH2/carbon composite on kinetics improvement and reversibility is presented. Drastic technological improvement in order to the enhance conversion process efficiencies is needed for practical applications. The main goals are minimizing the impact of electrode volume variation during lithium extraction and overcoming the poor electronic conductivity of LiH. To use polymer binders to improve the cycle life of the hydride-based electrode and to synthesize nanoscale composite hydride can be helpful to address these drawbacks. The development of high-capacity hydride anodes should be inspired by the emergent nano-research prospects which share the knowledge of both hydrogen-storage and lithium-anode communities.

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Kelton, K. F., and P. C. Gibbons. "Hydrogen Storage in Quasicrystals." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 11 (November 1997): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034473.

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Quasicrystals may have important applications as new technological materials. In particular, work in our laboratory has shown that some quasicrystals may be useful as hydrogen-storage materials.Some transition metals have a capacity to store hydrogen to a density exceeding that of liquid hydrogen. Such systems allow for basic investigations of solid-state phenomena such as phase transitions, atomic diffusion, and electronic structure. They may also be critical materials for the future energy economy. The depletion of the world's petroleum reserves and the increased environmental impact of conventional combustion-engine powered automobiles are leading to renewed interest in hydrogen. TiFe hydrides have already been used as storage tanks for stationary nonpolluting hydrogen internal-combustion engines. Nickel metal-hydride batteries are commonly used in a wide range of applications, most notably as power sources for portable electronic devices—particularly computers. The light weight and low cost of titanium-transition-metal alloys offer significant advantages for such applications. Unfortunately they tend to form stable hydrides, which prevents the ready desorption of the stored hydrogen for the intended use.Some titanium/zirconium quasicrystals have a larger capacity for reversible hydrogen storage than do competing crystalline materials. Hydrogen can be loaded from the gas phase at temperatures as low as room temperature and from an electrolytic solution. The hydrogen goes into solution in the quasicrystal structure, often avoiding completely the formation of undesirable crystalline hydride phases. The proven ability to reversibly store variable quantities of hydrogen in a quasicrystal not only points to important areas of application but also opens the door to previously inaccessible information about the structure and dynamics of this novel phase. Selected results illustrating these points appear briefly here.

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Puszkiel, Julián, Aurelien Gasnier, Guillermina Amica, and Fabiana Gennari. "Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010163.

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Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH4: (I) LiBH4 + MgH2 destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH4, (III) destabilization of LiBH4 by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH4 and destabilized LiBH4 hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.

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Dornheim, M., S. Doppiu, G. Barkhordarian, U. Boesenberg, T. Klassen, O. Gutfleisch, and R. Bormann. "Hydrogen storage in magnesium-based hydrides and hydride composites." Scripta Materialia 56, no. 10 (May 2007): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.003.

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Zhou, Chengshang, Jingxi Zhang, Robert C. Bowman, and Zhigang Zak Fang. "Roles of Ti-Based Catalysts on Magnesium Hydride and Its Hydrogen Storage Properties." Inorganics 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9050036.

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Magnesium-based hydrides are considered as promising candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage and thermal energy storage, due to their high hydrogen capacity, reversibility, and elemental abundance of Mg. To improve the sluggish kinetics of MgH2, catalytic doping using Ti-based catalysts is regarded as an effective approach to enhance Mg-based materials. In the past decades, Ti-based additives, as one of the important groups of catalysts, have received intensive endeavors towards the understanding of the fundamental principle of catalysis for the Mg-H2 reaction. In this review, we start with the introduction of fundamental features of magnesium hydride and then summarize the recent advances of Ti-based additive doped MgH2 materials. The roles of Ti-based catalysts in various categories of elemental metals, hydrides, oxides, halides, and intermetallic compounds were overviewed. Particularly, the kinetic mechanisms are discussed in detail. Moreover, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of Mg-based hydrides are discussed.

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Lin, Kuen-Song, Yao-Jen Mai, Su-Wei Chiu, Jing-How Yang, and Sammy L. I. Chan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Hydride/Carbon Aerogel Composites for Hydrogen Storage." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/201584.

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Two materials currently of interest for onboard lightweight hydrogen storage applications are sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4), a complex metal hydride, and carbon aerogels (CAs), a light porous material connected by several spherical nanoparticles. The objectives of the present work have been to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and hydrogenation behavior of Pd-, Ti- or Fe-doped CAs, NaAlH4, and MgH2nanocomposites. The diameters of Pd nanoparticles onto CA’s surface and BET surface area of CAs were 3–10 nm and 700–900 m2g−1, respectively. The H2storage capacity of metal hydrides has been studied using high-pressure TGA microbalance and they were 4.0, 2.7, 2.1, and 1.2 wt% for MgH2-FeTi-CAs, MgH2-FeTi, CAs-Pd, and 8 mol% Ti-doped NaAlH4, respectively, at room temperature. Carbon aerogels with higher surface area and mesoporous structures facilitated hydrogen diffusion and adsorption, which accounted for its extraordinary hydrogen storage phenomenon. The hydrogen adsorption abilities of CAs notably increased after inclusion of metal hydrides by the “hydrogen spillover” mechanisms.

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Kojima, Yoshitsugu. "Research and Development of Nano-Composite Materials for Hydrogen Storage." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2935.

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Hydrides with light elements such as MgH2, LiH, NH3 and NH3BH3 are known as high hydrogen containing materials. However, the high work temperature and the slow reaction rate limit the practical application of hydride systems. Those properties can be improved by the nano-composite materials. The nano-composite materials for hydrogen storage encompass a catalyst and composite hydrides at the nanometer scale. The catalyst increases reaction rate. The thermodynamic stability of the nano-composite materials can be controlled by the composite hydrides. In addition, the hydrogen absorption kinetics is accelerated by the nano-size materials and they may change the thermodynamic stability of the materials. In this study, we reviewed our experimental results on hydrogen storage properties of light weight nano-composite materials. The Mg-based nano-composite material with Nb2O5 showed excellent kinetics as compared with that of Mg. The Li-Mg-N-H system absorbed and desorbed above 5.5 mass % of H2 at 423K (8LiH ＋ 3Mg(NH2)2 3Li2.667MgN2H1.333＋8H2). We found that the H2 absorption and desorption of the MH-NH3 (M: Li, Na, K) system takes the following reaction path, MH + NH3  MNH2 + H2.

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Graetz, Jason. "Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (December 20, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/863025.

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The possibility of using hydrogen as a reliable energy carrier for both stationary and mobile applications has gained renewed interest in recent years due to improvements in high temperature fuel cells and a reduction in hydrogen production costs. However, a number of challenges remain and new media are needed that are capable of safely storing hydrogen with high gravimetric and volumetric densities. Metal hydrides and complex metal hydrides offer some hope of overcoming these challenges; however, many of the high capacity “reversible” hydrides exhibit a large endothermic decomposition enthalpy making it difficult to release the hydrogen at low temperatures. On the other hand, the metastable hydrides are characterized by a low reaction enthalpy and a decomposition reaction that is thermodynamically favorable under ambient conditions. The rapid, low temperature hydrogen evolution rates that can be achieved with these materials offer much promise for mobile PEM fuel cell applications. However, a critical challenge exists to develop new methods to regenerate these hydrides directly from the reactants and hydrogen gas. This spotlight paper presents an overview of some of the metastable metal hydrides for hydrogen storage and a few new approaches being investigated to address the key challenges associated with these materials.

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Kim, Sun Woo, and Kwang J. Kim. "Hydrogen Storage with Annular LaNi₅ Metal Hydride Pellets." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1671.

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Thermal conduction capability of metal hydrides can be enhanced by 400 ~ 500% through pelletizing the metal hydride powder after a well-controlled copper-coating treatment. In this paper, pelletized LaNi5 metal hydride is studied to evaluate its heat transfer performance and hydrogen absorption rate. In order to analyze the transient heat transfer and hydriding reaction, numerical simulations are carried out based on a multiple-physics modeling. The reactor temperature variation and the dimensionless mass of absorbed hydrogen are plotted for different hydrogen gas supply pressures. The results are compared with the conventional powder-type metal hydride reactor.

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Zhang, Wen Xue, Xin Hu, Xiao Bin Lin, and Cheng He. "Zr-Catalyzed Hydrogen Chemisorptions on an Al Surface." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1096.

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The most promising hydrogen storage materials are perhaps complex metal hydrides. Thus, a plausible first step in the rehydrogenation mechanism is proposed by simulating the reversible hydrogen storage in Zr-doped NaAlH4. It provides insight into the catalytic role of Zr atoms on an Al surface in the chemisorptions of molecular hydrogen. It is found that the diffusion of hydride species on Al-metallic phase and formation of Al hydride species is probably the key to syntheses the next products in the rehydrogenation reaction.

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Nyallang Nyamsi, Serge, Ivan Tolj, and Mykhaylo Lototskyy. "Metal Hydride Beds-Phase Change Materials: Dual Mode Thermal Energy Storage for Medium-High Temperature Industrial Waste Heat Recovery." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203949.

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Heat storage systems based on two-tank thermochemical heat storage are gaining momentum for their utilization in solar power plants or industrial waste heat recovery since they can efficiently store heat for future usage. However, their performance is generally limited by reactor configuration, design, and optimization on the one hand and most importantly on the selection of appropriate thermochemical materials. Metal hydrides, although at the early stage of research and development (in heat storage applications), can offer several advantages over other thermochemical materials (salt hydrates, metal hydroxides, oxide, and carbonates) such as high energy storage density and power density. This study presents a system that combines latent heat and thermochemical heat storage based on two-tank metal hydrides. The systems consist of two metal hydrides tanks coupled and equipped with a phase change material (PCM) jacket. During the heat charging process, the high-temperature metal hydride (HTMH) desorbs hydrogen, which is stored in the low-temperature metal hydride (LTMH). In the meantime, the heat generated from hydrogen absorption in the LTMH tank is stored as latent heat in a phase change material (PCM) jacket surrounding the LTMH tank, to be reused during the heat discharging. A 2D axis-symmetric mathematical model was developed to investigate the heat and mass transfer phenomena inside the beds and the PCM jacket. The effects of the thermo-physical properties of the PCM and the PCM jacket size on the performance indicators (energy density, power output, and energy recovery efficiency) of the heat storage system are analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the PCM melting point, the latent heat of fusion, the density and the thermal conductivity had significant impacts on these performance indicators.

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Baran, Agata, and Marek Polański. "Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage—A Scope Review." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183993.

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Magnesium hydride and selected magnesium-based ternary hydride (Mg2FeH6, Mg2NiH4, and Mg2CoH5) syntheses and modification methods, as well as the properties of the obtained materials, which are modified mostly by mechanical synthesis or milling, are reviewed in this work. The roles of selected additives (oxides, halides, and intermetallics), nanostructurization, polymorphic transformations, and cyclic stability are described. Despite the many years of investigations related to these hydrides and the significant number of different additives used, there are still many unknown factors that affect their hydrogen storage properties, reaction yield, and stability. The described compounds seem to be extremely interesting from a theoretical point of view. However, their practical application still remains debatable.

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Niemann, Michael U., Sesha S. Srinivasan, Ayala R. Phani, Ashok Kumar, D. Yogi Goswami, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review." Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/950967.

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Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years because of the unusual mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, magnetic and surface properties. The high surface/volume ratio of these materials has significant implications with respect to energy storage. Both the high surface area and the opportunity for nanomaterial consolidation are key attributes of this new class of materials for hydrogen storage devices. Nanostructured systems including carbon nanotubes, nano-magnesium based hydrides, complex hydride/carbon nanocomposites, boron nitride nanotubes,TiS2/MoS2nanotubes, alanates, polymer nanocomposites, and metal organic frameworks are considered to be potential candidates for storing large quantities of hydrogen. Recent investigations have shown that nanoscale materials may offer advantages if certain physical and chemical effects related to the nanoscale can be used efficiently. The present review focuses the application of nanostructured materials for storing atomic or molecular hydrogen. The synergistic effects of nanocrystalinity and nanocatalyst doping on the metal or complex hydrides for improving the thermodynamics and hydrogen reaction kinetics are discussed. In addition, various carbonaceous nanomaterials and novel sorbent systems (e.g. carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanofibers, polyaniline nanospheres and metal organic frameworks etc.) and their hydrogen storage characteristics are outlined.

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Schüth, F., B. Bogdanović, and M. Felderhoff. "Light metal hydrides and complex hydrides for hydrogen storage." Chem. Commun., no. 20 (2004): 2249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b406522k.

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Szarek, Pawel, Kouhei Watanabe, Kazuhide Ichikawa, and Akitomo Tachibana. "Electronic Stress Tensor Study of Aluminum Nanostructures for Hydrogen Storage." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1137.

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We report the new structures of aluminum hydrides derived from the Al4 tetrahedral cages. We perform ab initio quantum chemical calculation for these new aluminum hydrides. Our calculation of binding energies of the new aluminum hydrides reveal that stability of these hydrides increases as more hydrogen atoms are adsorbed, while stability of Al-H bonds decreases. We also calculate electronic stress tensor to evaluate the chemical bonds of these hydrides. As a result, we find that the bonds of the Al4 tetrahedral cage are strengthened as more hydrogen atoms are adsorbed on the aluminum hydrides. Our calculation of the potential energy surfaces and the regional chemical potential show that hydrogen atoms are likely to adsorb on bridge site at first.

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PAUL-BONCOUR, Valérie. "Metal hydrides for hydrogen storage." Journal of Advanced Science 19, no. 1/2 (2007): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2978/jsas.19.16.

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Orimo, Shin-ichi, Yuko Nakamori, Jennifer R. Eliseo, Andreas Züttel, and Craig M. Jensen. "Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage." Chemical Reviews 107, no. 10 (October 2007): 4111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0501846.

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Nielsen, Thomas K., Flemming Besenbacher, and Torben R. Jensen. "Nanoconfined hydrides for energy storage." Nanoscale 3, no. 5 (2011): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00725k.

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Milanese, C., T. R. Jensen, B. C. Hauback, C. Pistidda, M. Dornheim, H. Yang, L. Lombardo, et al. "Complex hydrides for energy storage." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 15 (March 2019): 7860–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.208.

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Milanese, Chiara, Sebastiano Garroni, Fabiana Gennari, Amedeo Marini, Thomas Klassen, Martin Dornheim, and Claudio Pistidda. "Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review." Metals 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080567.

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The safest way to store hydrogen is in solid form, physically entrapped in molecular form in highly porous materials, or chemically bound in atomic form in hydrides. Among the different families of these compounds, alkaline and alkaline earth metals alumino-hydrides (alanates) have been regarded as promising storing media and have been extensively studied since 1997, when Bogdanovic and Schwickardi reported that Ti-doped sodium alanate could be reversibly dehydrogenated under moderate conditions. In this review, the preparative methods; the crystal structure; the physico-chemical and hydrogen absorption-desorption properties of the alanates of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Y, Eu, and Sr; and of some of the most interesting multi-cation alanates will be summarized and discussed. The most promising alanate-based reactive hydride composite (RHC) systems developed in the last few years will also be described and commented on concerning their hydrogen absorption and desorption performance.

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Muthukumar, K., M. Sankaran, and B. Viswanathan. "Hydrogenation of Substituted Fullerenes – a DFT Study." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj603.

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Hydrogen storage by carbon materials is a topic of current interest. In order to exploit fullerenes as one of the new forms of carbon for hydrogen storage, it is shown that an activator for hydrogen is necessary in the fullerene network. Even though one can generate stoichiometric hydrides the formation of such hydrides have to be established. In this present study we have examined what type of species on carbon surfaces may be able to activate hydrogen molecule and lead to hydride formation. The Density Functional Theory calculations have been carried out on some typical model systems wherein the fullerene molecule is substituted in the network with heteroatoms like N, P and S and the reduction in the dissociation energy of hydrogen molecule is considered as a measure of the ability to hydride the carbon materials. On the basis of the reduction in the dissociation energy for the hydrogen molecule it was shown that heteroatom substitution in the fullerene net work may be suitable for the activation and dissociation of hydrogen molecule.

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Saldan, Ivan. "A prospect for LiBH4 as on-board hydrogen storage." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0068-9.

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AbstractIn contrast to the traditional metal hydrides, in which hydrogen storage involves the reversible hydrogen entering/exiting of the host hydride lattice, LiBH4 releases hydrogen via decomposition that produces segregated LiH and amorphous B phases. This is obviously the reason why lithium borohydride applications in fuel cells so far meet only one requirement — high hydrogen storage capacity. Nevertheless, its thermodynamics and kinetics studies are very active today and efficient ways to meet fuel cell requirements might be done through lowering the temperature for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and suitable catalyst. Some improvements are expected to enable LiBH4 to be used in on-board hydrogen storage.

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Huot, Jacques, Catherine Gosselin, Thomas Bibienne, and Roxana Flacau. "Study of hydrogen storage materials by neutron powder diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090603.

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Metal hydrides are interesting materials from a fundamental as well as practical point of view. Hydrogen storage applications have been the main driving force of research on these materials but lately uses such as thermal storage are considered. In this presentation we will review the use of neutron diffraction for the development of new metal hydrides. Two systems will be presented: BCC solid solution alloys and FeTi alloy. Ti-based BCC solid solutions are promising material for hydrogen storage applications which need high volumetric capacity and room temperature operation. One system that has been considered is Ti-V-Cr. Using only X-ray diffraction for structural identification does not provide information about hydrogen localization. Therefore, neutron diffraction is essential for complete determination of this class of hydrides. We will present examples of Ti-V-Cr compounds doped with Zr-Ni alloy. The peculiarity of this type of alloy is that, for neutron diffraction, the scattering lengths of the elements almost cancel. Therefore, the neutron pattern of as-cast alloy shows very small Bragg peaks but the advantage is that the hydride for is very easy to see and analyze. Another good candidate for hydrogen storage applications is the intermetallic compound TiFe which operates at around room temperature (RT) under mild pressure conditions. However one disadvantage of TiFe alloy synthesized by conventional metallurgical method is its poor activation characteristics. The alloy reacts with hydrogen only after complicated activation procedure involving exposure to high temperature (~4000C) and high pressure for several days. Recently we found that by doping this alloy with Zr and Zr7Ni10 the activation could be easily done at room temperature. We present here a neutron diffraction study of these compounds that shows the structural difference between the activated compound and the one cycled under hydrogen.

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Schwarz, R. B. "Hydrogen Storage in Magnesium-Based Alloys." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 11 (November 1999): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400053446.

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Magnesium can reversibly store about 7.7 wt% hydrogen, equivalent to more than twice the density of liquid hydrogen. This high storage capacity, coupled with a low price, suggests that magnesium and magnesium alloys could be advantageous for use in battery electrodes and gaseous-hydrogen storage systems. The use of a hydrogen-storage medium based on magnesium, combined with a fuel cell to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy, is an attractive proposition for a clean transportation system. However, the advent of such a system will require further research into magnesium-based alloys that form less stable hydrides and proton-conducting membranes that can raise the operating temperature of the current fuel cells.Following the U.S. oil crisis of 1974, research into alternative energy-storage and distribution systems was vigorously pursued. The controlled oxidation of hydrogen to form water was proposed as a clean energy system, creating a need for light and safe hydrogen-storage media. Extensive research was done on inter-metallic alloys, which can store hydrogen at densities of about 1500 cm3-H2 gas/ cm3-hydride, higher than the storage density achieved in liquid hydrogen (784 cm3/cm3 at –273°C) or in pressure tanks (˜200 cm3/cm3 at 200 atm). The interest in metal hydrides accelerated following the development of portable electronic devices (video cameras, cellular phones, laptop computers, tools, etc.), which created a consumer market for compact, rechargeable batteries. Initially, nickel-cadmium batteries fulfilled this need, but their relatively low energy density and the toxicity of cadmium helped to drive the development of higher-energy-density, less toxic, rechargeable batteries.

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Zacharia, Renju, and Sami ullah Rather. "Review of Solid State Hydrogen Storage Methods Adopting Different Kinds of Novel Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/914845.

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Overview of advances in the technology of solid state hydrogen storage methods applying different kinds of novel materials is provided. Metallic and intermetallic hydrides, complex chemical hydride, nanostructured carbon materials, metal-doped carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-doped metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and clathrates solid state hydrogen storage techniques are discussed. The studies on their hydrogen storage properties are in progress towards positive direction. Nevertheless, it is believed that these novel materials will offer far-reaching solutions to the onboard hydrogen storage problems in near future. The review begins with the deficiencies of current energy economy and discusses the various aspects of implementation of hydrogen energy based economy.

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Pal, Pratibha, Jyh-Ming Ting, Shivani Agarwal, Takayuki Ichikawa, and Ankur Jain. "The Catalytic Role of D-block Elements and Their Compounds for Improving Sorption Kinetics of Hydride Materials: A Review." Reactions 2, no. 3 (September 18, 2021): 333–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions2030022.

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The goal of finding efficient and safe hydrogen storage material motivated researchers to develop several materials to fulfil the demand of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In the past few years, several metal hydrides, complex hydrides such as borohydrides and alanates, have been researched and found efficient due to their high gravimetric and volumetric density. However, the development of these materials is still limited by their high thermodynamic stability and sluggish kinetics. One of the methods to improve the kinetics is to use catalysts. Among the known catalysts for this purpose, transition metals and their compounds are known as the leading contender. The present article reviews the d-block transition metals including Ni, Co, V, Ti, Fe and Nb as catalysts to boost up the kinetics of several hydride systems. Various binary and ternary metal oxides, halides and their combinations, porous structured hybrid designs and metal-based Mxenes have been discussed as catalysts to enhance the de/rehydrogenation kinetics and cycling performance of hydrogen storage systems.

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Koseki, Takami, Harunobu Takeda, Kazuaki Iijima, Masamitu Murai, Hisayoshi Matsufuji, and Osamu Kawaguchi. "Development of Heat-Storage System Using Metal Hydraid: Experiment of Performance by the Actual Loading Condition." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 3 (December 28, 2005): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2210492.

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The application of an innovative heat-storage system with metal hydride to building air-conditioning is investigated. Metal hydrides characteristically generate heat through the absorption process and absorb heat through the desorption process, allowing the development of a new air-conditioning system without chlorofluorocarbons. The trial system is composed of two heat-storage vessels, a “shell-and-tube-type” heat exchanger built with heat transfer fins and filled with metal hydride, and a compressor equipped for hydrogen transfer. The purpose of heat storage is to decrease the difference between electric power demand in the daytime and at night. This system transfers hydrogen using electric power at night and reverses the reaction during the day using only the pressure difference between two heat-storage vessels. The experimental results indicate that heat-storage is attained within a limited time, and the heat-storage quantity is 13.5MJ, which is sufficient for the heat capacity to cool the 10m2 room for 3hr. The stored heat per unit metal hydride volume is 289MJ∕m3, which is sufficiently higher than the conventional system using water or ice. In addition, the coefficient of performance of the system is 2.44.

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Guardamagna, Cristina, Andrea Cavallari, Veronica Malvaldi, Silvia Soricetti, Alberto Pontarollo, Bernardo Molinas, Diego Andreasi, et al. "Innovative Systems for Hydrogen Storage." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.176.

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One of the main challenges in the perspective of a hydrogen economy is the development of a storage system both safe and with high weight capacity. Among the most promising systems are the storage in metals and chemical hydrides and the high pressure storage in tanks made of composite materials. Both these technologies allow volumetric densities equal or higher than that of liquid hydrogen. The present work deals with the results obtained in a Italian national project, whose objectives have been the development of innovative technologies in specific applications: large scale energy storage, stationary applications in distributed generation, and automotive (with a particular attention to the fluvial and the sea transportation in protected areas). The theoretical, modellistic and experimental activities have been oriented to the development of innovative high capacity metal hydrides, the study of a regeneration method for chemical hydrides, the integration of intermediate pressure electrolyzers with advanced compressors and, finally, the development of thermomechanical models for executive design of storage systems. A number of prototypes has been realised and installed in a test facility in the Fusina (Venezia) power plant. The activity has been completed with an executive feasibility evaluation, in the perspective of industrial applications.

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Corgnale, Claudio. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Destabilized Li Hydride Systems for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage." Inorganics 8, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8050030.

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A comprehensive techno-economic analysis of destabilized Li hydrides, used as thermal energy storage systems in concentrating solar power plants, is presented and discussed. Two systems, operating at temperatures on the order of 550–650 °C, are selected as thermal energy storage units for steam power plants, namely the Si-destabilized Li hydride (LiSi) and the Al-destabilized Li hydride (LiAl). Two thermal energy storage systems, operating at temperatures on the order of 700–750 °C, are selected for integration in supercritical CO2 power plants, namely the Si-destabilized Li hydride (LiSi) and the Sn-destabilized Li hydride (LiSn). Each storage system demonstrates excellent volumetric capacity, achieving values between 100 and 250 kWhth/m3. The LiSi-based thermal energy storage systems can be integrated with steam and supercritical CO2 plants at a specific cost between 107 US$/kWhth and 109 US$/kWhth, with potential to achieve costs on the order of 74 US$/kWhth under enhanced configurations and scenarios. The LiAl-based storage system has the highest potential for large scale applications. The specific cost of the LiAl system, integrated in solar steam power plants, is equal to approximately 74 US$/kWhth, with potential to reach values on the order of 51 US$/kWhth under enhanced performance configurations and scenarios.

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Latroche, Michel, and A. Percheron-Guégan. "Hydrogen Storage Properties of Metallic Hydrides." Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 30, no. 5 (October 31, 2005): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/acsm.30.471-482.

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Fichtner, Maximilian, Jens Engel, Olaf Fuhr, Oliver Kircher, and Oliver Rubner. "Nanocrystalline aluminium hydrides for hydrogen storage." Materials Science and Engineering: B 108, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2003.10.036.

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Schneemann, Andreas, James L. White, ShinYoung Kang, Sohee Jeong, Liwen F. Wan, Eun Seon Cho, Tae Wook Heo, et al. "Nanostructured Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage." Chemical Reviews 118, no. 22 (October 2, 2018): 10775–839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00313.

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Yolcular, S., and Ö. Olgun. "Liquid Organic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 30, no. 4 (December 27, 2007): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030600824841.

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Dew-Hughes, D. "Ternary metal hydrides for energy storage." Journal of Materials for Energy Systems 6, no. 4 (March 1985): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02833512.

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Unemoto, Atsushi, Motoaki Matsuo, and Shin-ichi Orimo. "Complex Hydrides for Electrochemical Energy Storage." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 16 (January 9, 2014): 2267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201303147.

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Hadjixenophontos, Efi, Erika Michela Dematteis, Nicola Berti, Anna Roza Wołczyk, Priscilla Huen, Matteo Brighi, Thi Thu Le, et al. "A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity." Inorganics 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8030017.

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Hydrogen as an energy carrier is very versatile in energy storage applications. Developments in novel, sustainable technologies towards a CO2-free society are needed and the exploration of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as well as solid-state hydrogen storage applications based on metal hydrides can provide solutions for such technologies. However, there are still many technical challenges for both hydrogen storage material and ASSBs related to designing low-cost materials with low-environmental impact. The current materials considered for all-solid-state batteries should have high conductivities for Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, while Al3+-based compounds are often marginalised due to the lack of suitable electrode and electrolyte materials. In hydrogen storage materials, the sluggish kinetic behaviour of solid-state hydride materials is one of the key constraints that limit their practical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the kinetic issues of hydride materials before discussing and considering them on the system level. This review summarizes the achievements of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) innovative training network (ITN) ECOSTORE, the aim of which was the investigation of different aspects of (complex) metal hydride materials. Advances in battery and hydrogen storage materials for the efficient and compact storage of renewable energy production are discussed.

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Somo, Thabang Ronny, Thabiso Carol Maponya, Moegamat Wafeeq Davids, Mpitloane Joseph Hato, Mykhaylo Volodymyrovich Lototskyy, and Kwena Desmond Modibane. "A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen Absorption Behaviour of Metal Alloys Prepared through Mechanical Alloying." Metals 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050562.

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Hydride-forming alloys are currently considered reliable and suitable hydrogen storage materials because of their relatively high volumetric densities, and reversible H2 absorption/desorption kinetics, with high storage capacity. Nonetheless, their practical use is obstructed by several factors, including deterioration and slow hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics resulting from the surface chemical action of gas impurities. Lately, common strategies, such as spark plasma sintering, mechanical alloying, melt spinning, surface modification and alloying with other elements have been exploited, in order to overcome kinetic barriers. Through these techniques, improvements in hydriding kinetics has been achieved, however, it is still far from that required in practical application. In this review, we provide a critical overview on the effect of mechanical alloying of various metal hydrides (MHs), ranging from binary hydrides (CaH2, MgH2, etc) to ternary hydrides (examples being Ti-Mn-N and Ca-La-Mg-based systems), that are used in solid-state hydrogen storage, while we also deliver comparative study on how the aforementioned alloy preparation techniques affect H2 absorption/desorption kinetics of different MHs. Comparisons have been made on the resultant material phases attained by mechanical alloying with those of melt spinning and spark plasma sintering techniques. The reaction mechanism, surface modification techniques and hydrogen storage properties of these various MHs were discussed in detail. We also discussed the remaining challenges and proposed some suggestions to the emerging research of MHs. Based on the findings obtained in this review, the combination of two or more compatible techniques, e.g., synthesis of metal alloy materials through mechanical alloying followed by surface modification (metal deposition, metal-metal co-deposition or fluorination), may provide better hydriding kinetics.

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Zhang, Jing, Wei Yan, Chen Guang Bai, Xiao Dong Luo, and Fu Sheng Pan. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Composites in Hydrogen Alloying Mills." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.955.

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Hydrogen storage in solid hydrides is the most attractive method of on-board hydrogen storage in fuel cell for cars. Mg metal exhibits a high-storage capacity by weight and has been considered a group of potentially attractive candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage. In this study, mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline Mg-based hydrogen storage composites from various starting materials in specialized hydrogen ball mills has been achieved. The reactive synthesis process and the hydrogen desorption behaviors of the composite hydrides were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show that nano-sized MgH2 and Mg(AlH4)2 could be directly synthesized by pure Mg and pretreated Al powder, as well as Mg-Li-Al alloy powder. Alloying element Li could remarkably promote the synthesis of magnesium alanate, the product composite hydrides releasing 6.2wt% H2 through multi-step decompositions, of which the starting endothermic peaks are as low as 65°C.

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Li, Hai-Wen, Min Zhu, Craig Buckley, and Torben Jensen. "Functional Materials Based on Metal Hydrides." Inorganics 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6030091.

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Storage of renewable energy remains a key obstacle for the implementation of a carbon free energy system. There is an urgent need to develop a variety of energy storage systems with varying performance, covering both long-term/large-scale and high gravimetric and volumetric densities for stationary and mobile applications. Novel materials with extraordinary properties have the potential to form the basis for technological paradigm shifts. Here, we present metal hydrides as a diverse class of materials with fascinating structures, compositions and properties. These materials can potentially form the basis for novel energy storage technologies as batteries and for hydrogen storage.

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Leiva, Daniel, Santiago Figueroa, Bárbara Terra, Guilherme Zepon, Diego Lamas, Ricardo Floriano, Alberto Jorge Junior, and Walter Botta. "Structural Characterization of Mg2CoH5-based Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Storage." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092584.

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Hydrogen is considered the ideal energy carrier, mainly due to its heating power, the highest among all chemical fuels, and to possibility of using it in fuel cells, therefore with efficiency and producing only water as by-product. However, the development of safe and effective hydrogen storage solutions remains as a challenge of applied research. MgH2, Mg2FeH6 and Mg2CoH5complex hydrides are promising materials for hydrogen storage, avoiding the inconvenient of gaseous or liquid storage alternatives. The main attractives of these phases are their volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen capacities, their reversibility during absorption/desorption cycles and the relatively low cost. Recently, we have achieved an important control of the synthesis of Mg-based complex hydrides with nanocrystalline structure, using reactive milling (RM) under hydrogen atmosphere as processing route [1, 2]. In this study, we present new results concerning the synthesis, hydrogen storage properties and structural characterization of MgH2–Mg2CoH5nanocomposites prepared by RM. The nanocomposites were produced by milling different Mg-Co starting compositions (2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 1:0) for 12 h in a planetary mill under 3 MPa of H2. All samples were fully hydrogenated during milling, generating different MgH2–Mg2CoH5hydride mixtures. Mg presents the tendency of agglomerate during milling, so the sample that presents more MgH2shows larger agglomerates. This behavior causes a slight increase in the temperature of hydrogen desorption and the presence of two peaks, showed by DSC analysis for those samples which presents MgH2and Mg2CoH5. Using in-situ XRD and XANES during hydrogen desorption revealed that Mg and Co tend to remain coupled forming intermetallics after the complex hydride decomposition, differently from that was observed for Mg2FeH6. This effect is correlated to the high-reversibility exhibited by the Mg2CoH5phase. Furthermore, the nanocomposites of MgH2+Mg2CoH5showed better H-absorption/desorption kinetics than the Mg2CoH5or MgH2alone, as shown by volumetric measurements. The combination of MgH2and Mg2CoH5is therefore a promising strategy to produce hydrogen storage materials, matching the good reversibility and high capacity of magnesium hydride with the lower thermal stability.

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Møller, Kasper T., Anna-Lisa Sargent, Arndt Remhof, and Michael Heere. "Beyond Hydrogen Storage—Metal Hydrides as Multifunctional Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion." Inorganics 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8110058.

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Following the E-MRS (European Materials Research Society) fall meeting 2019, Symposium L, this Special Issue of Inorganics, entitled “Beyond Hydrogen Storage—Metal Hydrides as Multifunctional Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion”, is dedicated to the wide range of emerging energy-related inorganic hydrogen-containing materials [...]

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrides – Storage'

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