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1
Atlas, Ronald M. "Fate of Petroleum Pollutants in Arctic Ecosystems." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0016.
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Both experimental oil release field studies, in Arctic tundra, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and follow-up studies after Arctic and subarctic oil spillages indicate long persistence times for hydrocarbon contaminants and slow rates of microbial biodegradation. The slow rates of petroleum biodegradation in Arctic ecosystems are not due to a lack of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms since virtually all Arctic ecosystems contain numbers of naturally occurring populations of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, and generally numbers of hydrocarbon degraders increase following addition of oil. Low temperatures alone also can not explain the limited rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Rather the limitation to microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Arctic ecosystems appears to be due to the combination of several factors, including the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen. Although the potential for hydrocarbon degradation exists, the actual rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in Arctic ecosystems are slow; microbial hydrocarbon degradation can decontaminate Arctic ecosystems but the time frame after a major spillage will be decades rather than years.
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Sotsky, J. B., C. W. Greer, and R. M. Atlas. "Frequency of genes in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon biodegradation pathways within bacterial populations from Alaskan sediments." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-157.
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A significant proportion of the naturally occurring hydrocarbon-degrading populations within Alaskan sediments affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill had both the xylE and alkB genes and could convert hexadecane and naphthalene to carbon dioxide; a greater proportion of the population had xylE than had alkB, reflecting the composition of the residual oil at the time of sampling; nearly equal populations with xylE alone, alkB alone, and xylE + alkB genes together were found after exposure to fresh crude oil; populations with xylE lacking alkB increased after enrichment on naphthalene. Thus, the genotypes of hydrocarbon-degrading populations reflected the composition of the hydrocarbons to which they were exposed.Key words: hydrocarbon biodegradation, aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation, aliphatic hydrocarbon biodegradation, alkB, xylE.
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Firrincieli, Andrea, Andrea Negroni, Giulio Zanaroli, and Martina Cappelletti. "Unraveling the Metabolic Potential of Asgardarchaeota in a Sediment from the Mediterranean Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Water Basin Mar Piccolo (Taranto, Italy)." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040859.
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Increasing number of metagenome sequencing studies have proposed a central metabolic role of still understudied Archaeal members in natural and artificial ecosystems. However, their role in hydrocarbon cycling, particularly in the anaerobic biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, is still mostly unknown in both marine and terrestrial environments. In this work, we focused our study on the metagenomic characterization of the archaeal community inhabiting the Mar Piccolo (Taranto, Italy, central Mediterranean) sediments heavily contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Among metagenomic bins reconstructed from Mar Piccolo microbial community, we have identified members of the Asgardarchaeota superphylum that has been recently proposed to play a central role in hydrocarbon cycling in natural ecosystems under anoxic conditions. In particular, we found members affiliated with Thorarchaeota, Heimdallarchaeota, and Lokiarchaeota phyla and analyzed their genomic potential involved in central metabolism and hydrocarbon biodegradation. Metabolic prediction based on metagenomic analysis identified the malonyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA routes as the pathways involved in aliphatic and aromatic biodegradation in these Asgardarchaeota members. This is the first study to give insight into the archaeal community functionality and connection to hydrocarbon degradation in marine sediment historically contaminated by hydrocarbons.
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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation." Environmental Microbiology 16, no. 7 (July 2014): 2351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12524.
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Rodríguez-Calvo, Alfonso, Gloria Andrea Silva-Castro, Darío Rafael Olicón-Hernández, Jesús González-López, and Concepción Calvo. "Biodegradation and Absorption Technology for Hydrocarbon-Polluted Water Treatment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030841.
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Wastewaters polluted with hydrocarbons are an environmental problem that has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem and on human health. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop a bioreactor sorbent technology for treating these polluted waters. A lab-scale plant composed of three 1-L bioreactors with different sorbent materials inside (meltblown polypropylene and granulated cork) was built. Wastewater to be treated was recirculated through each bioreactor for 7 days. Results showed that hydrocarbon retention rates in the three bioreactors ranged between 92.6% and 94.5% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and that after one simple recirculation cycle, no hydrocarbon fractions were detected by gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in the effluent wastewater. In addition, after the wastewater treatment, the sorbent materials were extracted from the bioreactors and deposited in vessels to study the biodegradation of the retained hydrocarbons by the wastewater indigenous microbiota adhered to sorbents during the wastewater treatment. A TPH removal of 41.2% was detected after one month of Pad Sentec™ carrier treatment. Further, the shifts detected in the percentages of some hydrocarbon fractions suggested that biodegradation is at least partially involved in the hydrocarbon removal process. These results proved the efficiency of this technology for the treatment of these hydrocarbon-polluted-waters.
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Kharey, Gurpreet, Gabrielle Scheffer, and Lisa M. Gieg. "Combined Use of Diagnostic Fumarate Addition Metabolites and Genes Provides Evidence for Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Contaminated Groundwater." Microorganisms 8, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101532.
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The widespread use of hydrocarbon-based fuels has led to the contamination of many natural environments due to accidental spills or leaks. While anaerobic microorganisms indigenous to many fuel-contaminated groundwater sites can play a role in site remediation (e.g., monitored natural attenuation, MNA) via hydrocarbon biodegradation, multiple lines of evidence in support of such bioremediation are required. In this study, we investigated two fuel-contaminated groundwater sites for their potential to be managed by MNA. Microbial community composition, biogeochemical indicators, fumarate addition metabolites, and genes diagnostic of both alkane and alkyl-monoaromatic hydrocarbon activation were assessed. Fumarate addition metabolites and catabolic genes were detected for both classes of hydrocarbon biodegradation at both sites, providing strong evidence for in situ anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. However, relevant metabolites and genes did not consistently co-occur within all groundwater samples. Using newly designed mixtures of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers to target diverse assA and bssA genes, we measured assA gene abundances ranging from 105–108 copies/L, and bssA gene abundances ranging from 105–1010 copies/L at the sites. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of investigating fuel-contaminated sites using both metabolites and genes diagnostic of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation for different classes of hydrocarbons to help assess field sites for management by MNA.
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Bagby, Sarah C., Christopher M. Reddy, Christoph Aeppli, G. Burch Fisher, and David L. Valentine. "Persistence and biodegradation of oil at the ocean floor followingDeepwater Horizon." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): E9—E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610110114.
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The 2010Deepwater Horizondisaster introduced an unprecedented discharge of oil into the deep Gulf of Mexico. Considerable uncertainty has persisted regarding the oil’s fate and effects in the deep ocean. In this work we assess the compound-specific rates of biodegradation for 125 aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker petroleum hydrocarbons that settled to the deep ocean floor following release from the damaged Macondo Well. Based on a dataset comprising measurements of up to 168 distinct hydrocarbon analytes in 2,980 sediment samples collected within 4 y of the spill, we develop a Macondo oil “fingerprint” and conservatively identify a subset of 312 surficial samples consistent with contamination by Macondo oil. Three trends emerge from analysis of the biodegradation rates of 125 individual hydrocarbons in these samples. First, molecular structure served to modulate biodegradation in a predictable fashion, with the simplest structures subject to fastest loss, indicating that biodegradation in the deep ocean progresses similarly to other environments. Second, for many alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation occurred in two distinct phases, consistent with rapid loss while oil particles remained suspended followed by slow loss after deposition to the seafloor. Third, the extent of biodegradation for any given sample was influenced by the hydrocarbon content, leading to substantially greater hydrocarbon persistence among the more highly contaminated samples. In addition, under some conditions we find strong evidence for extensive degradation of numerous petroleum biomarkers, notably including the native internal standard 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane, commonly used to calculate the extent of oil weathering.
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Kuyukina, Maria, Anastasiya Krivoruchko, and Irina Ivshina. "Hydrocarbon- and metal-polluted soil bioremediation: progress and challenges." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18041.
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The problem of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals is becoming particularly acute for large oil-producing countries, like the Russian Federation. Both hydrocarbon and metal contaminants impact negatively the soil biota and human health, thus requiring efficient methods for their detoxification and elimination. Bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with hydrocarbon and metal pollutants is complicated by the fact that, although the two components must be treated differently, they mutually affect the overall removal efficiency. Heavy metals are reported to inhibit biodegradation of hydrocarbons by interfering with microbial enzymes directly involved in biodegradation or through the interaction with enzymes involved in general metabolism. Here we discuss recent progress and challenges in bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals, focusing on selecting metal-resistant biodegrading strains and biosurfactant amendments.
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Doszhanov, Ye O., Z. A. Mansurov, Ye K. Ongarbaev, Ye Tileuberdi, and A. A. Zhubanova. "The Study of Biodegradation of Diesel Fuels by Different Strains of Pseudomonas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.12.
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The analysis of diesel fuels hydrocarbon composition before and after biodegradation is carried out by the methods of photocolorimetry. It was determinated, that the hydrocarbon composition of the diesel fuels is changed on influence of microorganisms. It has been shown that changes in composition hydrocarbons of diesel fuels and individual hydrocarbons in soil observe during growth of microorganisms on this soil.
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Peekate, P. L., J. L. Konne, and T. K. S. Abam. "Remediation of Artificially Hydrocarbon Polluted Vadose Zone Soil in Glass Column through Percolation with Solution of Nutrient, Nutrient-Surfactant or Surfactant." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i6.9.
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Remediation of hydrocarbon polluted vadose zone (HPVZ) through percolation with solution of nutrient, nutrient-surfactant, or surfactant in glass columns was investigated in this study using standard methods. Percolated liquids from the columns and soils retrieved at the end of the experiment were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, total-petroleum hydrocarbon, and selected microbial groups. Results obtained showed that there were nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate in the percolated liquids. Cumulative hydrocarbon in the percolated liquids was 5.35 – 7.59 % of cumulative hydrocarbon start-up concentration in the columns. Cumulative hydrocarbon attenuation across soil layers in column flooded with solution of nutrients (column NT), nutrient-surfactant (column NTS), and surfactant (column SF) were 89.29, 95.27, and 66.92 % respectively. There was more phosphate reduction in column NTS, and more sulphate reduction in column NT. Hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi in columns NT and NTSincreased from 3.5 Log10 CFU.g-1 to between 4.0 – 5.0 Log10 CFU.g-1, whereas a decrease was observed for column SF. Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria in all the columns increased from between 1.0 – 2.5 Log10 CFU.g-1 to between 2.0 - 3.5 Log10 CFU.g-1. Emergence of hydrocarbon utilization among anaerobic bacteria population was also observed in all the columns. It is concludedthat percolation with nutrient-surfactant solution will be more effective in remediation of HPVZ, and that consequential migration of nutrients alongside hydrocarbons into groundwater canaid in enhancing biodegradation of the infiltrated hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Biodegradation; petroleum hydrocarbons; vadose zone; inorganic nutrients; surfactant
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Basseres, Anne, Patrick Eyraud, Alain Ladousse, and Bernard Tramier. "ENHANCEMENT OF SPILLED OIL BIODEGRADATION BY NUTRIENTS OF NATURAL ORIGIN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-495.
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ABSTRACT Ten years ago, Elf Aquitaine began developing the technologies for the acceleration of hydrocarbon biodegradation. The continuation of this work has involved the study of new additives to complement the oleophilic nutrient, INIPOL EAP 22. In particular, it has been shown in both laboratory and in situ tests that hydrocarbon degradation can be accelerated by animal meals, which are natural products. Preliminary laboratory studies carried out under batch conditions, have shown that the use of these products has resulted in considerable growth of the bacteria, coupled with a notable increase in the biological degradation kinetics of the hydrocarbons. These results are comparable with the performance of the nutrient INIPOL EAP 22. In situ experiments undertaken on soils polluted by hydrocarbons have shown that by using animal meals, 50 percent biodegradation was obtained after six weeks and this increased to 80 percent when mechanical aeration was also employed. Under nutrient-free control conditions, 25 percent biodegradation was obtained with no aeration and 35 percent with mechanical aeration. In trials using coastal sandy sediments, the use of these nutrients has resulted in an increase of both the number of hydrocarbon specific bacteria and the hydrocarbon degradation. It can be concluded from these pilot experiments that in the development of bioremediation as an operational tool in the response to accidental oil spills, these nutrients of natural origin represent an interesting advance.
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Mishra, Anuja, and Surya Pratap Singh. "AN APPROACH FOR THE BIODEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(1).65.74.
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Environmental pollution not only alters the environment but also changes the growth rate of various flora and fauna. Due to the irresponsible disposal of waste materials, the environment is going to be more and more polluted. Discharge of hydrocarbons in the water bodies is contaminating the water sources. These hydrocarbons are affecting the living organism. The solution to this problem has been found too expensive with little effects. To overcome this problem, some biological methods are introduced, in biological method; microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is the most promising method. The proposed study aimed to isolate and identify hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial species from the Mathura refinery, Mathura U.P. India. These species were isolated from petroleum-contaminated refinery water and grew on nutrient agar media, identified according to their distinct morphological, and biochemical characteristics, with16s rRNA sequencing. Results of this study confirmed the presence of various bacterial isolates such as Brevibacillus nitrificans, Algoriphagus shivajiensis, Bacillus marisflavi, Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, and Bacillus pumilus from the collected samples based on the Bushnell Haas method and separation funnel method. Further, identified bacteria were tested for the maximum hydrocarbon degradation capacity in liquid culture, and results of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) suggested that only two bacterial species viz., P. pseudoalcaligenes and B. pumilus having the maximum hydrocarbon degradation capacity.
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Jianqiang, Zhao, and Zhu Junhuang. "STUDY ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SPILLED ON THE SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 989–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-989.
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ABSTRACT Three major factors affecting the biodegradation of spilled oil (chemical composition of spilled oil, dissolved oxygen content in water, and nutrient elements for microorganisms) were analysed. The sequences of biodegradation rates of some hydrocarbon compounds are summarized. The oxygen demand for biodegradation of 1 g of hydrocarbons was derived as 3 to 4 g. The maximum ratio of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) that microorganisms need was suggested as C:N:P = 100:7:0.14.
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Gargouri, Boutheina, Najla Mhiri, Fatma Karray, Fathi Aloui, and Sami Sayadi. "Isolation and Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Yeast Strains from Petroleum Contaminated Industrial Wastewater." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/929424.
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Two yeast strains are enriched and isolated from industrial refinery wastewater. These strains were observed for their ability to utilize several classes of petroleum hydrocarbons substrates, such asn-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 variable domain and the ITS-region sequences indicated that strains HC1 and HC4 were members of the generaCandidaandTrichosporon, respectively. The mechanism of hydrocarbon uptaking by yeast,Candida,andTrichosporonhas been studied by means of the kinetic analysis of hydrocarbons-degrading yeasts growth and substrate assimilation. Biodegradation capacity and biomass quantity were daily measured during twelve days by gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques. Removal ofn-alkanes indicated a strong ability of hydrocarbon biodegradation by the isolated yeast strains. These two strains grew on long-chainn-alkane, diesel oil, and crude oil but failed to grow on short-chainn-alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons. Growth measurement attributes of the isolates, usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil, and crude oil as substrates, showed that strain HC1 had better degradation for hydrocarbon substrates than strain HC4. In conclusion, these yeast strains can be useful for the bioremediation process and decreasing petroleum pollution in wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
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April, T. M., J. M. Foght, and R. S. Currah. "Hydrocarbon-degrading filamentous fungi isolated from flare pit soils in northern and western Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 1 (December 17, 1999): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-117.
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Sixty-four species of filamentous fungi from five flare pits in northern and western Canada were tested for their ability to degrade crude oil using gas chromatographic analysis of residual hydrocarbons following incubation. Nine isolates were tested further using radiorespirometry to determine the extent of mineralization of model radiolabelled aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in crude oil. Hydrocarbon biodegradation capability was observed in species representing six orders of the Ascomycota. Gas chromatography indicated that species capable of hydrocarbon degradation attacked compounds within the aliphatic fraction of crude oil, n-C12- n-C26; degradation of compounds within the aromatic fraction was not observed. Radiorespirometry, using n-[1-14C]hexadecane and [9-14C]phenanthrene, confirmed the gas chromatographic results and verified that aliphatic compounds were being mineralized, not simply transformed to intermediate metabolites. This study shows that filamentous fungi may play an integral role in the in situ biodegradation of aliphatic pollutants in flare pit soils.Key words: bioremediation, filamentous fungi, flare pits, hydrocarbon degradation, petroleum.
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Feizi, Rozhan, Sahand Jorfi, and Afshin Takdastan. "Bioremediation of phenanthrene-polluted soil using Bacillus kochii AHV-KH14 as a halo-tolerant strain isolated from compost." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2020.04.
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Background: Phenanthrene (PHE) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with crystalline structure of C14H10, which was produced from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and fossil fuels and can cause harmful biological effects. Bioremediation using halophilic bacteria is payed attention over chemical methods due to considerable benefits. Methods: In the present study, a halo-tolerant bacterium Bacillus kochii strain AHV-KH14 was isolated from municipal compost, and used for the bioremediation of PHE from the contaminated soil. The effects of operational parameters including soil/water ratio, initial inoculum size, PHE concentration, and salinity on the bioremediation performance were investigated. Results: A biodegradation efficiency of about to 98% was obtained for PHE concentration of 50 mg/ kg and salinity level of 1.5%. By increasing salinity content PHE concentration, PHE biodegradation rate decreased significantly. It was found that the bioremediation efficiency decreased with increasing PHE concentration. It was also revealed that for the unwashed soil sample, cumulative concentrations of different hydrocarbons played an important role in decreasing the efficiency of bioremediation. Conclusion: A natural hydrocarbon-contaminated soil sample with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 2350 mg/kg was subjected to bioremediation using the selected conditions of operational parameters, and a biodegradation rate of 17.7% was obtained.
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Taylor, Nicole M., Courtney R. A. Toth, Victoria Collins, Paolo Mussone, and Lisa M. Gieg. "The Effect of an Adsorbent Matrix on Recovery of Microorganisms from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Groundwater." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010090.
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The microbial degradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons is an important process that can contribute to the remediation of oil and gas-contaminated environments. Due to the complex structure of subsurface terrestrial environments, it is important to identify the microbial communities that may be contributing to biodegradation processes, along with their abilities to metabolize different hydrocarbons in situ. In this study, a variety of adsorbent materials were assessed for their ability to trap both hydrocarbons and microorganisms in contaminated groundwater. Of the materials tested, a porous polymer resin (Tenax-TA) recovered the highest diversity of microbial taxa in preliminary experiments and was selected for additional (microcosm-based) testing. Oxic and anoxic experiments were prepared with groundwater collected from a contaminated aquifer to assess the ability of Tenax-TA to adsorb two environmental hydrocarbon contaminants of interest (toluene and benzene) while simultaneously providing a surface for microbial growth and hydrocarbon biodegradation. Microorganisms in oxic microcosms completely degraded both targets within 14 days of incubation, while anoxically-incubated microorganisms metabolized toluene but not benzene in less than 80 days. Community analysis of Tenax-TA-associated microorganisms revealed taxa highly enriched in sessile hydrocarbon-degrading treatments, including Saprospiraceae, Azoarcus, and Desulfoprunum, which may facilitate hydrocarbon degradation. This study showed that Tenax-TA can be used as a matrix to effectively trap both microorganisms and hydrocarbons in contaminated environmental systems for assessing and studying hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms of interest.
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Putilina, V. S., I. V. Galitskaya, and T. I. Yuganova. "Plume of oil metabolites in groundwater: formation, evolution, and toxicity." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019138-45.
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The transformation of oil hydrocarbons in groundwater is mainly related to the processes of biodegradation. At sites where residual crude oil or petroleum hydrocarbon fuel contaminants are present in the environment, biodegradation reactions result in the formation of partial oxidation products, i.e., metabolites. These transformation products are more soluble than the parent petroleum hydrocarbons, due to their greater polarity and corresponding low volatility. Transformation products from residual source zones are distributed in aqueous phase to form a plume of contamination in groundwater. The content of metabolites depends on the redox conditions and the presence of the terminal electron acceptors, as well as on the structure of the original hydrocarbon compounds. The article considers the conditions for formation of metabolites, their degradation, migration to groundwater and plume formation, toxicity of metabolites. Examples of modeling the migration of metabolites in the saturated zone are given.
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Mittal, Anupama, and Padma Singh. "Studies on biodegradation of crude oil by Aspergillus niger." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (2009): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp09010.
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Hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms play a major role in the environment. In the present study crude oil degrading fungal strain Aspergillus niger was isolated from oil contaminated soil near crude oil production well (Lingala) Andhra Pradesh. The rate of reduction in some petroleum hydrocarbon fractions, such as n-alkanes, aromatics, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen (NSO)-containing compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were monitored by means of gas chromatography. The nC17/Pristine and nC18/Phytane ratios, extrapolated from the GC profiles decreased from the initial value of 2.510 and 7.289 to 0.132 and 0.474 respectively at day 60.
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Staninska-Pięta, Justyna, Jakub Czarny, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik, Wojciech Juzwa, Łukasz Wolko, Jacek Nowak, and Paweł Cyplik. "Heavy Metals as a Factor Increasing the Functional Genetic Potential of Bacterial Community for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020319.
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The bioremediation of areas contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds and heavy metals is challenging due to the synergistic toxic effects of these contaminants. On the other hand, the phenomenon of the induction of microbial secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) under the influence of heavy metals may contribute to affect the interaction between hydrophobic hydrocarbons and microbial cells, thus increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of heavy metals on the changes in the metapopulation structure of an environmental consortium, with particular emphasis on the number of copies of orthologous genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis pathways and the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the experiment confirmed that the presence of heavy metals at concentrations of 50 mg·L−1 and 150 mg·L−1 resulted in a decrease in the metabolic activity of the microbial consortium and its biodiversity. Despite this, an increase in the biological degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was noted of 17.9% and 16.9%, respectively. An assessment of the estimated number of genes crucial for EPS synthesis and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons confirmed the relationship between the activation of EPS synthesis pathways and polyaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation pathways. It was established that microorganisms that belong to the Burkholderiales order are characterized by a high representation of the analyzed orthologs and high application potential in areas contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons.
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Kuráň, Pavel, Josef Trögl, Jana Nováková, Věra Pilařová, Petra Dáňová, Jana Pavlorková, Josef Kozler, František Novák, and Jan Popelka. "Biodegradation of Spilled Diesel Fuel in Agricultural Soil: Effect of Humates, Zeolite, and Bioaugmentation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/642427.
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Possible enhancement of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in agricultural soil after tank truck accident (~5000 mg/kg dry soil initial concentration) by bioaugmentation of diesel degradingPseudomonas fluorescensstrain and addition of abiotic additives (humates, zeolite) was studied in a 9-month pot experiment. The biodegradation process was followed by means of analytical parameters (hydrocarbon index expressed as content of C10–C40aliphatic hydrocarbons, ratio pristane/C17, and total organic carbon content) and characterization of soil microbial community (content of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) as an indicator of living microbial biomass, respiration, and dehydrogenase activity). The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons (C10–C40) was successfully reduced by~60% in all 15 experiment variants. The bioaugmentation resulted in faster hydrocarbon elimination. On the contrary, the addition of humates and zeolite caused only a negligible increase in the degradation rate. These factors, however, affected significantly the amount of PLFA. The humates caused significantly faster increase of the total PLFA suggesting improvement of the soil microenvironment. Zeolite caused significantly slower increase of the total PLFA; nevertheless it aided in homogenization of the soil. Comparison of microbial activities and total PLFA revealed that only a small fraction of autochthonous microbes took part in the biodegradation which confirms that bioaugmentation was the most important treatment.
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Rocchetti, Laura, Francesca Beolchini, Maurizio Ciani, and Antonio Dell'Anno. "Improvement of Bioremediation Performance for the Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Sediments." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/319657.
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Microcosm bioremediation strategies were applied to sediments contaminated with hydrocarbons. Experiments were performed in aerobic conditions in a single-step treatment and in a two-step anaerobic-aerobic treatment. In aerobic conditions, either inorganic nutrients or composts were added to the microcosms, while, in the first anaerobic phase of the two-step experiment, acetate and/or allochthonous sulfate-reducing bacteria were used. After the treatment under anaerobic conditions, samples were exposed to aerobic conditions in the presence of compost. In the aerobic treatments, 81% hydrocarbon biodegradation was observed after 43 days in the presence of inorganic nutrients. In aerobic conditions in the presence of mature compost, hydrocarbon biodegradation was 51% after 43 days of treatment, whereas it was 47% after 21 days with fresh compost. The two-step experiment allowed us to obtain a hydrocarbon degradation of 91%, after a first anaerobic step with an inoculum of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes.
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Field, J. A. "Limits of anaerobic biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 10 (May 1, 2002): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0276.
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The main factors responsible for anaerobic recalcitrance are reviewed. Anaerobic recalcitrance is associated with hydrocarbons lacking functional groups, branched molecules (gasoline oxygenates), aromatic amines and aromatic sulfonates. The most recalcitrant compounds are high molecular weight non-hydrolyzable polymers such as plastic, lignin and humus, which cannot be taken up by cells. Recently new capabilities of anaerobic microorganisms have been discovered to degrade compounds previously considered to be recalcitrant. For example, anaerobic bacteria initiate the degradation of alkylbenzenes and alkanes with an unusual addition reaction with fumarate, forming a hydrocarbon-succinate adduct. Finally, new evidence indicates that the most recalcitrant compounds (humic substances) are not so inert and can play important roles in aiding the biodegradation of other compounds by serving as an electron acceptor or redox mediator.
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Medina-Moreno, S. A., S. Huerta-Ochoa, and M. Gutiérrez-Rojas. "Hydrocarbon biodegradation in oxygen-limited sequential batch reactors by consortium from weathered, oil-contaminated soil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-130.
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We studied the use of sequential batch reactors under oxygen limitation to improve and maintain consortium ability to biodegrade hydrocarbons. Air-agitated tubular reactors (2.5 L) were operated for 20 sequential 21-day cycles. Maya crude oil – paraffin mixture (13 000 mg/L) was used as the sole carbon source. The reactors were inoculated with a consortium from the rhizosphere of Cyperus laxus, a native plant that grows naturally in weathered, contaminated soil. Oxygen limitation was induced in the tubular reactor by maintaining low oxygen transfer coefficients (kLa < 20.6 h–1). The extent and biodegradation rates increased significantly up to the fourth cycle, maintaining values of about 66.33% and 460 mg·L–1·d–1, respectively. Thereafter, sequential batch reactor operation exhibited a pattern with a constant general trend of biodegradation. The effect of oxygen limitation on consortium activity led to a low biomass yield and non-soluble metabolite (0.45 g SS/g hydrocarbons consumed). The average number of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms increased from 6.5 × 107 (cycles 1–3) to 2.2 × 108 (cycles 4–20). Five bacterial strains were identified: Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) xylosoxidans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacterium luteum, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Asphaltene-free total petroleum hydrocarbons, extracted from a weathered, contaminated soil, were also biodegraded (97.1 mg·L–1·d–1) and mineralized (210.48 mg CO2·L–1·d–1) by the enriched consortium without inhibition. Our results indicate that sequential batch reactors under oxygen limitation can be used to produce consortia with high and constant biodegradation ability for industrial applications of bioremediation.Key words: sequential batch reactors, oxygen limitation, consortium, hydrocarbon biodegradation.
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Gieg, Lisa M., S. Jane Fowler, and Carolina Berdugo-Clavijo. "Syntrophic biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminants." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 27 (June 2014): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.002.
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Dwi Kusumo, Bramono, Wahyu Wilopo, and Endah Retnaningrum. "Preliminary Study of Liquid Hydrocarbon Biodegradation By Indigineous Bacteria Isolated from Wonocolo Village, Bojonegoro District, East Java Province." Journal of Applied Geology 2, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.40862.
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Aquatic environmental pollution due to petroleum waste can cause disruption to the environment and damaging of flora and fauna. It has been reported that petroleum contaminatin occurs in the Bengawan Solo river, East Java Province. Liquid hydrocarbon waste pollution can be remediate through various processes, one of them is biodegradation. Biodegradation a part of bioremediation, is the process by which organic substances are decomposed by microorganisms into simpler substances such as carbon dioxide, water and ammonia. Bioremediation has minor side effects compare to other methods because it’s more effective, efficient, economical and eco-friendly through biological process. This study aims to identify bacteria for liquid hydrocarbon degradation from the rivers in Wonocolo Village, Bojonegoro District and to determine maximum percentage of inoculum to produce the highest efficiency of liquid hydrocarbons degradation. Based on phenotypic characters, the selected bacteria was identified as a genus of Moraxella. Its bacterium with a concentration of 2 % can reduce hydrocarbons to a maximum of 0.67 % per hour at the exponential phase growth.
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Swannell, Richard P. J., and Fabien Daniel. "Effect of Dispersants on Oil Biodegradation Under Simulated Marine Conditions." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-169.
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ABSTRACT A study was undertaken on the dispersion, microbial colonisation and biodegradation of chemically-dispersed weathered Forties crude oil under simulated marine conditions in laboratory microcosms. The measurements of droplet size, number and microbial colonisation were made using new techniques developed by the project team. Rapid growth of indigenous micro-organisms capable of degrading both crude oil and dispersants was observed in the presence of chemically-dispersed oil. These organisms colonised the dispersed oil and biodegraded the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. These processes was stimulated by the addition of inorganic nutrients. Some colonised droplets agglomerated into neutrally-buoyant “clusters” (100 µm- 2 mm diameter) consisting of oil, bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes. After substantial hydrocarbon biodegradation these clusters sank to the bottom of the microcosms. No biodegradation or cluster formation was noted in “killed” controls in which biological activity had been inhibited. Different dispersants promoted microbial growth to differing extents. These results suggest that the addition of dispersants can increase the rate of oil biodegradation under natural conditions by promoting the growth of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as increasing the surface area of oil available for microbial colonisation.
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Usman, N., H. I. Atta, and M. B. Tijjani. "Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i6.19.
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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatic hydrocarbons found frequently in petroleum and its derivatives; and they are among the most important pollutants of soil and groundwater. This study focused on harnessing the enzymatic capabilities of filamentous fungi Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus, dwelling in a petroleum-contaminated soil to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds. The biodegradation experiment was carried out using the fungi individually and in consortium in a batch culture containing mineral salts medium supplemented with 1% v/v BTEX. The experiments were carried out in triplicates at room temperature on a rotary shaker (180rpm) for twenty five days and aliquots were taken on a five day interval to determine the hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) count and residual BTEX in order to monitor the rate of biodegradation. The hydrocarbon utilizing fungal counts were determined by direct counting using a Neubauer Haemocytometer while, the residual BTEX was determined using absorbance values measured using a spectrophotometer and the corresponding concentrations determined from a standard curve. The highest percentage degradation of BTEX was observed with Aspergillus terreus (89.1%) while, the least was observed with Gliocladium sp. (84.4%). The growth peak was attained on the 15th day in all treatments after which the HUF counts declined. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean amounts of BTEX degraded and hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal counts between the treatments. The strains of Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus used in this study showed high ability for BTEX degradation thus, they are potential candidates for bioremediation of soils contaminated with monoaromatic hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons
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Sari, Endang Maya, Riryn Novianty, Amir Awaluddin, Saryono Saryono, and Nova Wahyu Pratiwi. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CRUDE OIL DEGRADING FUNGI ISOLATED FROM PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL IN SIAK, RIAU." Acta Biochimica Indonesiana 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.35.
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Background: Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon needs a specific technique called bioremediation to remove the environmental pollutants. Several indigenous microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes are effective agents in degrading petroleum derivatives, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Objective: This research aimed to investigate indigenous fungi isolates from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Siak which are capable to degrade hydrocarbon.Methods: The competence of indigenous fungi was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil which collected from one of oil-field in Siak, Riau. The effectiveness of isolates on the degradation crude oil was tested by culturing the isolates in Bushnell-Haas broth containing crude oil (5% v/v) for 16 days. A decrease in pH, change in optical density and amount of CO2 released were recorded to indirectly indicate the crude oil degradation by the fungi. To measure the percentage of crude oil biodegradation, gravimetric analysis was utilized.Results: The two colonies were selected and identified as Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153. The results showed that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 reached a higher level (61%) of biodegradation after 16 days under the optimum conditions in degrading total petroleum hydrocarbon than Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 (46%).Conclusion: These results indicated that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 are potential degraders for bioremediation in crude oil-contaminated area.
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Verasoundarapandian, Gayathiri, Chiew-Yen Wong, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, and Siti Aqlima Ahmad. "A Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Applications of Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Arctic Marine Environment at Metagenomic and Enzymatic Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041671.
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The globe is presently reliant on natural resources, fossil fuels, and crude oil to support the world’s energy requirements. Human exploration for oil resources is always associated with irreversible effects. Primary sources of hydrocarbon pollution are instigated through oil exploration, extraction, and transportation in the Arctic region. To address the state of pollution, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and processes of the bioremediation of hydrocarbons. The application of various microbial communities originated from the Arctic can provide a better interpretation on the mechanisms of specific microbes in the biodegradation process. The composition of oil and consequences of hydrocarbon pollutants to the various marine environments are also discussed in this paper. An overview of emerging trends on literature or research publications published in the last decade was compiled via bibliometric analysis in relation to the topic of interest, which is the microbial community present in the Arctic and Antarctic marine environments. This review also presents the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community present in the Arctic, biodegradation metabolic pathways (enzymatic level), and capacity of microbial degradation from the perspective of metagenomics. The limitations are stated and recommendations are proposed for future research prospects on biodegradation of oil contaminants by microbial community at the low temperature regions of the Arctic.
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Zakaria, Nur Nadhirah, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Ahmad Fareez Ahmad Roslee, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Leyla Cárdenas, and Siti Aqlima Ahmad. "Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061213.
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Hydrocarbon pollution is widespread around the globe and, even in the remoteness of Antarctica, the impacts of hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources are still apparent. Antarctica’s chronically cold temperatures and other extreme environmental conditions reduce the rates of biological processes, including the biodegradation of pollutants. However, the native Antarctic microbial diversity provides a reservoir of cold-adapted microorganisms, some of which have the potential for biodegradation. This study evaluated the diesel hydrocarbon-degrading ability of a psychrotolerant marine bacterial consortium obtained from the coast of the north-west Antarctic Peninsula. The consortium’s growth conditions were optimised using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and statistical response surface methodology (RSM), which identified optimal growth conditions of pH 8.0, 10 °C, 25 ppt NaCl and 1.5 g/L NH4NO3. The predicted model was highly significant and confirmed that the parameters’ salinity, temperature, nitrogen concentration and initial diesel concentration significantly influenced diesel biodegradation. Using the optimised values generated by RSM, a mass reduction of 12.23 mg/mL from the initial 30.518 mg/mL (4% (w/v)) concentration of diesel was achieved within a 6 d incubation period. This study provides further evidence for the presence of native hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in non-contaminated Antarctic seawater.
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Christova, Nelly, Borjana Tuleva, and Boryana Nikolova-Damyanova. "Enhanced Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by a Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis Strain." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2004): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-3-414.
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The relation between hydrocarbon degradation and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) production by a new Bacillus subtilis 22BN strain was investigated. The strain was isolated for its capacity to utilize n-hexadecane and naphthalene and at the same time to produce surfaceactive compound at high concentrations (1.5 -2.0 g l-1). Biosurfactant production was detected by surface tension lowering and emulsifying activity. The strain is a good degrader of both hydrocarbons used with degradability of 98.3 ± 1% and 75 ± 2% for n-hexadecane and naphthalene, respectively. Measurement of cell hydrophobicity showed that the combination of slightly soluble substrate and rhamnolipid developed higher hydrophobicity correlated with increased utilization of both hydrocarbon substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Bacillus subtilis strain that degrades hydrophobic compounds and at the same time produces rhamnolipid biosurfactant.
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Watzinger, Andrea, Melanie Hager, Thomas Reichenauer, Gerhard Soja, and Paul Kinner. "Unravelling the process of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in different filter materials of constructed wetlands by stable isotope fractionation and labelling studies." Biodegradation 32, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-021-09942-1.
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AbstractMaintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlands after two years of operation and batch experiments were conducted using two stable isotope techniques; (i) carbon isotope labelling of hexadecane and (ii) hydrogen isotope fractionation of decane. Both hydrocarbon compounds hexadecane and decane were biodegraded. The mineralization rate of hexadecane was higher in the sandy filter material (3.6 µg CO2 g−1 day−1) than in the expanded clay (1.0 µg CO2 g−1 day−1). The microbial community of the constructed wetland microcosms was dominated by Gram negative bacteria and fungi and was specific for the different filter materials while hexadecane was primarily anabolized by bacteria. Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (AKIEH = 1.072–1.500) and apparent decane biodegradation rates (k = − 0.017 to − 0.067 day−1) of the sand filter were low. To conclude, low biodegradation rates, small hydrogen isotope fractionation, zero order mineralization kinetics and lack of microbial biomass growth indicated that mass transfer controlled biodegradation.
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Feitkenhauer, H., and H. Märkl. "Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0555.
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In this paper, the high temperature (65-75°C) biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is investigated and kinetic parameters are derived. The shift of the physico-chemical system properties with rising temperature will be discussed in detail. For example, the solubility of naphthalene is increased by a factor of about ten if the temperature is increased from 20 to 75°C. This effect is essential to increase the bioavailability of sparingly soluble hydrocarbons. It is also demonstrated in experiments that very high oxygen transfer rates can be obtained at high temperatures in the presence of hydrocarbons. It is shown that efficient phenol biodegradation is essential for high temperature hydrocarbon degradation because some microorganisms tend to transform phenols into polyphenols which are very inhibitory for microbial growth. A defined mixed culture adapted to phenol converted more than 90% of a mixture of phenol, hexadecane and pyrene and a very high maximal growth rate of 0.19 h−1 was determined. A yield coefficient YX/S of about 0.8 g (biomass)/g (hydrocarbons) was calculated in this experiment. In a separate experiment the influence of the hydrocarbon droplet size on the biodegradation is investigated at 70°C using a newly isolated Thermus sp. In this case, the growth on a hexadecane/pyrene mixture was described by a model based on the Monod equation and the corresponding kinetic parameters are derived. A mixed culture was used for the bioremediation of soil in a slurry reactor. The initial contamination of 11 g/kg was lowered to about 2 g in a reactor inoculated by an immobilized culture of extreme thermophilic microorganisms, while 9 g/kg remained in a sterile control.
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Eriksson, Mikael, Jong-Ok Ka, and William W. Mohn. "Effects of Low Temperature and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Arctic Tundra Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5107-5112.2001.
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ABSTRACT Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was monitored in microcosms with diesel fuel-contaminated Arctic tundra soil incubated for 48 days at low temperatures (−5, 0, and 7°C). An additional treatment was incubation for alternating 24-h periods at 7 and −5°C. Hydrocarbons were biodegraded at or above 0°C, and freeze-thaw cycles may have actually stimulated hydrocarbon biodegradation. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal over 48 days in the 7, 0, and 7 and −5°C treatments, respectively, was 450, 300, and 600 μg/g of soil. No TPH removal was observed at −5°C. Total carbon dioxide production suggested that TPH removal was due to biological mineralization. Bacterial metabolic activity, indicated by RNA/DNA ratios, was higher in the middle of the experiment (day 21) than at the start, in agreement with measured hydrocarbon removal and carbon dioxide production activities. The total numbers of culturable heterotrophs and of hydrocarbon degraders did not change significantly over the 48 days of incubation in any of the treatments. At the end of the experiment, bacterial community structure, evaluated by ribosomal intergenic spacer length analysis, was very similar in all of the treatments but the alternating 7 and −5°C treatment.
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Xianagang, Meng, Ehenenden Iyobosa, Ning Hai Jun, Shu Fang, and Wang Zhennan. "Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2020.022.
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Ward, Owen, Ajay Singh, and J. Van Hamme. "Accelerated biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon waste." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0042-4.
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McGenity, Terry J. "Hydrocarbon biodegradation in intertidal wetland sediments." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 27 (June 2014): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.10.010.
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Noel, Cécile, Jean-Christophe Gourry, Jacques Deparis, Michaela Blessing, Ioannis Ignatiadis, and Christophe Guimbaud. "Combining Geoelectrical Measurements and CO2Analyses to Monitor the Enhanced Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils: A Field Implementation." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1480976.
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Hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifers can be successfully remediated through enhanced biodegradation. However,in situmonitoring of the treatment by piezometers is expensive and invasive and might be insufficient as the information provided is restricted to vertical profiles at discrete locations. An alternative method was tested in order to improve the robustness of the monitoring. Geophysical methods, electrical resistivity (ER) and induced polarization (IP), were combined with gas analyses, CO2concentration, and its carbon isotopic ratio, to develop a less invasive methodology for monitoring enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The field implementation of this monitoring methodology, which lasted from February 2014 until June 2015, was carried out at a BTEX-polluted site under aerobic biotreatment. Geophysical monitoring shows a more conductive and chargeable area which corresponds to the contaminated zone. In this area, high CO2emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature demonstrating that the main source of CO2on this site is the biodegradation of hydrocarbon fuels. Besides, the evolution of geochemical and geophysical data over a year seems to show the seasonal variation of bacterial activity. Combining geophysics with gas analyses is thus promising to provide a new methodology forin situmonitoring.
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White, Graham F. "Multiple interactions in riverine biofilms - surfactant adsorption, bacterial attachment and biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0015.
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Many organic pollutants, especially synthetic surfactants, adsorb onto solid surfaces in natural and engineered aquatic environments. Biofilm bacteria on such surfaces make major contributions to microbial heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper reviews evidence for multiple interactions between surfactants, biodegradative bacteria, and sediment-liquid interfaces. Biodegradable surfactants e.g. SDS, added to a river-water microcosm were rapidly adsorb to sediment surface and stimulated the indigenous bacteria to attach to the sediment particles. Recalcitrant surfactants and non-surfactant organic nutrients did not stimulate attachment Attachment of bacteria was maximal when biodegradation was fastest, and was reversed when biodegradation was complete. Dodecanol, the primary product of SDS-biodegradation, markedly stimulated attachment. When SDS was added to suspensions containing sediment and either known degraders or known non-degraders, only the degraders became attached, and attachment accelerated surfactant biodegradation to dodecanol. These cyclical cooperative interactions have implications for the design of biodegradability-tests, the impact of surfactant adjuvants on biodegradability of herbicides/pesticides formulated with surfactants, and the role of surfactants used to accelerate bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils.
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Tian, Xiumei, Xiaoli Wang, Shitao Peng, Zhi Wang, Ran Zhou, and He Tian. "Isolation, screening, and crude oil degradation characteristics of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria for treatment of oily wastewater." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 12 (December 29, 2018): 2626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.025.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria for treatment of oily wastewater from long-standing petroleum-polluted sediments in Bohai Bay, China. Six hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria were screened and identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. A new approach using a combination of various bacterial species in petroleum biodegradation was proposed and evaluated for its degradation characteristics. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis showed that mixed bacterial agents (YJ01) degraded 80.64% of crude oil and 76.30% of crude oil alkanes, exhibiting good biodegradation effect. Besides, after 14 days of culture, the biodegradation assessment markers, pristane and phytane, showed significant degradation rates of 46.75% and 78.23%, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation trends followed a single first-order kinetics model and the degradation half-life (t1/2) of 15 g/L crude oil was significantly shorter (5.48 days). These results indicated that YJ01 could degrade a wider range of hydrocarbons as well as some recalcitrant hydrocarbon components, and can be applied for bioremediation and treatment of oil-contaminated environment.
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Baptista, Sandro José, Magali Christe Cammarota, and Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire. "Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, spe (June 2005): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000400031.
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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.
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Basuki, Witono, Khairul Syahputra, Ayu Tri Suryani, and Ilham Pradipta. "Biodegradation of Used Engine Oil by Acinetobacter junii TBC 1.2." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.16374.
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The isolates have capability to degrade used engine oil was obtained from soil in the beach contaminatedwith used engine oil. One of the selected isolates TBC 1.2 was identified by its 16s rDNA as Acinetobacterjunii. The microorganism can use hydrocarbons in used engine oil as the sole carbon source and energy, alsoit significantly degraded almost all hydrocarbon compounds in used engine oil. With its ability Acinetobacterjunii TBC 1.2 has a potency to be utilized for bioremediation of soil polluted with used engine oil.
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Coulon, Frédéric, Panagiota-Myrsini Chronopoulou, Anne Fahy, Sandrine Païssé, Marisol Goñi-Urriza, Louis Peperzak, Laura Acuña Alvarez, et al. "Central Role of Dynamic Tidal Biofilms Dominated by Aerobic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria and Diatoms in the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Coastal Mudflats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 10 (March 9, 2012): 3638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00072-12.
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ABSTRACTMudflats and salt marshes are habitats at the interface of aquatic and terrestrial systems that provide valuable services to ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to determine how catastrophic incidents, such as oil spills, influence the microbial communities in sediment that are pivotal to the function of the ecosystem and to identify the oil-degrading microbes that mitigate damage to the ecosystem. In this study, an oil spill was simulated by use of a tidal chamber containing intact diatom-dominated sediment cores from a temperate mudflat. Changes in the composition of bacteria and diatoms from both the sediment and tidal biofilms that had detached from the sediment surface were monitored as a function of hydrocarbon removal. The hydrocarbon concentration in the upper 1.5 cm of sediments decreased by 78% over 21 days, with at least 60% being attributed to biodegradation. Most phylotypes were minimally perturbed by the addition of oil, but at day 21, there was a 10-fold increase in the amount of cyanobacteria in the oiled sediment. Throughout the experiment, phylotypes associated with the aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Cycloclasticus) and alkanes (Alcanivorax,Oleibacter, andOceanospirillalesstrain ME113), substantively increased in oiled mesocosms, collectively representing 2% of the pyrosequences in the oiled sediments at day 21. Tidal biofilms from oiled cores at day 22, however, consisted mostly of phylotypes related toAlcanivorax borkumensis(49% of clones),Oceanospirillalesstrain ME113 (11% of clones), and diatoms (14% of clones). Thus, aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation is most likely to be the main mechanism of attenuation of crude oil in the early weeks of an oil spill, with tidal biofilms representing zones of high hydrocarbon-degrading activity.
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Syafruddin, S., G. Wieshammer, M. Puschenreiter, I. Langer, M. Wieshammer-Zivkovic, and W. W. Wenzel. "Effect of N and P fertilisation and aeration on biodegradation of crude oil in aged hydrocarbon contaminated soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 4 (April 15, 2010): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/146/2009-pse.
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We conducted two laboratory experiments to examine the effects of fertilisation and agitation (aeration) on crude oil degradation in two soils with differential nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus) availability. Two soils that had been spiked with crude oil two years before were mixed with nitrogen and/or phosphorus at three different levels and subsequently incubated 28 days (Exp. 1). In experiment 2 we investigated the effect of repeated agitation (manual mixing) on hydrocarbon degradation with and without fertilisation. One of the soils was also freshly spiked to assess the impact of ageing. Heptane-extractable hydrocarbon concentrations were determined in both experiments and substrate-induced respiration in Exp. 2. The generally small changes of hydrocarbon concentrations during 28 days of incubation in Exp. 1 are likely attributed to low bio-accessibility of hydrocarbons as a consequence of long-term ageing. Fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus or combinations thereof was ineffective in most treatments of Exp. 1, which may be explained by limited oxygen supply due to the high proportions of clay and silt. However, agitation enhanced HC biodegradation in the sandy-loamy soil by about 15% (Exp. 2) compared to non-agitated treatments. In contrast, we observed no effect of agitation in the sandy soil.
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binti Che Abdul Rahim, Azzah Nazihah, Muhammad Ridzuan Zahid, Putri Faizura Megat Khamaruddin, Nik Raikhan Nik Him, Nur Hidayati Othman, and Effah Yahya. "Effect of Organic Nutrient Addition to the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Marine Sediment in Malaysia." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.74.
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The effect of organic nutrient on the biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminated marine sediment in Malaysia was investigated. Biodegradation was assessed in microcosm experiments containing 10% (w/w) of crude oil amended with fertilizers in three ways, which were with inorganic nutrients (NP), organic matter in the form of plant-based (Elaeis guineensis) and fish-amendments (Scomber australasicus). It was observed that hydrocarbon degradation occurred in all treatments, with the highest biodegradation rates inS. australasicussupplemented sediment. The addition of S. australasicus managed to reduce the oil concentration to 48% while the addition ofE. guineensisand inorganic NP reduced the final oil concentration to 66% and 63% respectively. All three amendments show faster degradation rate compared to the control. Isolation of the soil sample on specific nutrient agar, centrimide, revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are well known for its ability to degrade hydrocarbon in crude oil.
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Yamane, Akiko, Koji Sakakibara, Masaaki Hosomi, and Akihiko Murakami. "Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in estuarine sediment of Tama River in Tokyo urban aera." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (April 1, 1997): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0298.
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Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons, i.e., hexadecane (HEX), phenanthrene (PHE), and anthracene (ANT), were determined in estuarine sediment of the Tama River in urban Tokyo, followed by estimating their respective degradation potential. While in a sediment slurry, the aerobic biodegradation rates of these petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 40 to 70 μg·g−1 dry sediment· day−1. The anaerobic biodegradation rate of HEX was found to be 5 - 8 μg·g−1 dry sediment· day−1, whereas that of PHE and ANT could not be detected following a 2-month incubation. Aerobic degradation of HEX was not affected by coexistence with either PHE or ANT, nor by the salinity level. The number of HEX-, PHE-, or ANT-utilizing bacteria ranged from 5 - 10% of the total number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. We calculated their biodegradation potentials using the biomass of naturally existing petroleum hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria present in the sampled sediment, with results for HEX, PHE, and ANT being 1.0 − 3.5, 4.2 × 10−2, and 1.2 × 10−2 − 9.4 × 10−1 μg·g−1 dry sediment· day−1, respectively. In the aerobic tidal sediment of the Tama River, the purification potentials of HEX, PHE, and ANT were assessed to be approximately equal to their accumulation potentials occurring at the normal water level.
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Odili, U. C., F. B. Ibrahim, E. M. Shaibu-Imodagbe, and H. I. Atta. "Comparative Assessment of Crude Oil Degradation by Monocillium sp. and Aspergillus niger." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.13.
Full textAbstract:
Fungi dwelling in soils contaminated by petroleum products can survive on these hydrocarbons due to the highly effective extracellular enzymes. Species belonging to the genus, Aspergillus are known to be efficient degraders of various classes of hydrocarbons as well as other organic contaminants. In this study, the biodegradation of crude oil by Aspergillus niger and Monocillium sp. were compared using laboratory microcosms.The moulds were isolated from a site receiving effluent from a petroleum refinery. They were identified using their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and subsequently screened for their ability to utilize hydrocarbons for their metabolic requirements. Following the biodegradation studies, Aspergillus niger and Monocillium sp. recorded an increase in hydrocarbon utilizing fungal counts of 8.5 x 107 spores/ml and 6.1 x 107 spores/ml and crude oil weight loss of 80 % and 70 %. Both fungi were tested singly and in a consortium for their ability to degrade crude oil, itwas observed that Monocillium sp. and A.niger performed better when tested individually (94.2 %; 92.8 %) than in consortium (76.3 %). This may suggest that their combined metabolism may have created some antagonistic effect on the degradation process as opposed to their enzymatic capabilities which appeared to be more favourable to the process. The biodegradation experiment analysis showed that contact time plays a significant role in biodegradation of crude oil (p<0.05), and Monocillium sp. and Aspergillus niger are excellent crude oil degraders and can be usedin the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and water.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Aspergillus niger, Monocillium sp., soil, Crude oil
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Wasmund, Kenneth, Kathryn A. Burns, D. Ipek Kurtböke, and David G. Bourne. "Novel Alkane Hydroxylase Gene (alkB) Diversity in Sediments Associated with Hydrocarbon Seeps in the Timor Sea, Australia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 23 (October 9, 2009): 7391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01370-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon seeps provide inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons to widespread areas of the Timor Sea. Alkanes constitute the largest proportion of chemical components found in crude oils, and therefore genes involved in the biodegradation of these compounds may act as bioindicators for this ecosystem's response to seepage. To assess alkane biodegradation potential, the diversity and distribution of alkane hydroxylase (alkB) genes in sediments of the Timor Sea were studied. Deduced AlkB protein sequences derived from clone libraries identified sequences only distantly related to previously identified AlkB sequences, suggesting that the Timor Sea maybe a rich reservoir for novel alkane hydroxylase enzymes. Most sequences clustered with AlkB sequences previously identified from marine Gammaproteobacteria though protein sequence identities averaged only 73% (with a range of 60% to 94% sequence identities). AlkB sequence diversity was lower in deep water (>400 m) samples off the continental slope than in shallow water (<100 m) samples on the continental shelf but not significantly different in response to levels of alkanes. Real-time PCR assays targeting Timor Sea alkB genes were designed and used to quantify alkB gene targets. No correlation was found between gene copy numbers and levels of hydrocarbons measured in sediments using sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, probably due to the very low levels of hydrocarbons found in most sediment samples. Interestingly, however, copy numbers of alkB genes increased substantially in sediments exposed directly to active seepage even though only low or undetectable concentrations of hydrocarbons were measured in these sediments in complementary geochemical analyses due to efficient biodegradation.
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Arjoon, Karuna, and James G. Speight. "Chemical and Physical Analysis of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination on a Soil Sample to Determine Its Natural Degradation Feasibility." Inventions 5, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5030043.
Full textAbstract:
Crude oil is the world’s leading fuel source and is the lifeblood of the industrialized nations as it is vital to produce many everyday essentials. This dependency on fossil fuels has resulted in serious environmental issues in recent times. Petroleum contaminated soils must be treated to ensure that human health and the environment remain protected. The restoration of petroleum-polluted soil is a complex project because once petroleum hydrocarbon enters the environment, the individual constituents will partition to various environmental compartments in accordance with their own physical–chemical properties; therefore, the composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant determines the suitability of a remediation approach. The objective of this study was to assess the prospective of bioremediation as a feasible technique for practical application to the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, by trending the changes in the properties of the petroleum due to biodegradation. Each polluted soil has particularities, thus, the bioremediation approach for each contaminated site is unique. Therefore, hydrocarbon-contaminated sites that have remained polluted for decades due to lack of proper decontamination treatments present in this part of the world would benefit from cost effective treatments. Most bioremediation case studies are usually based on hypothetical assumptions rather than technical or experimental data; providing data that show the capabilities of biodegradation of indigenous microbes on specific oil composition can lead to the creation of strategies to accelerate the biological breakdown of hydrocarbons in soil.