Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrocarbon leakage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrocarbon leakage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrocarbon leakage"

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Lerche, Ian. "Hydrocarbon Flow-up Intersecting Faults: Leakage/Production and Bypass Considerations." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, no. 4 (August 2005): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459805775219157.

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This article considers flow of hydrocarbons up a master fault that bifurcates and allows the hydrocarbons to enter or bypass reservoirs on either side of the bifurcated fault. In addition, leakage (or production) from each reservoir is allowed with a finite time span for the leakage. The rates of leakage from the two reservoirs are also allowed to be different so that the reservoirs either may fill, with concomitant bypass of excess hydrocarbons, or may be drained so rapidly by the leakage that they fill only partially. The timing of the leakage in respect of the timing of hydrocarbon fill is also included so that one can see how the differences in onset and end times of the leakage in relation to end time of the hydrocarbon supply influence the final fill of each reservoir. Uncertainties associated with each of the parameters entering the assessments are also allowed for, so that one can determine which of the uncertain parameters is causing the greatest uncertainty in estimates of the reservoir fill and bypass.
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Edmundson, Isabel, Atle Rotevatn, Roy Davies, Graham Yielding, and Kjetil Broberg. "Key controls on hydrocarbon retention and leakage from structural traps in the Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea: implications for prospect analysis and risk assessment." Petroleum Geoscience 26, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2019-094.

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Evidence of hydrocarbon leakage has been well documented across the SW Barents Sea and is commonly associated with exhumation in the Cenozoic. While fault leakage is thought to be the most likely cause, other mechanisms are possible and should be considered. Further study is required to understand what specific mechanism(s) facilitate such leakage, and why this occurs in some locations and not others. In a case study of the Snøhvit Field, we use seismic and well data to quantify fault- and top-seal strength based on mechanical and capillary threshold pressure properties of fault and cap rocks. Magnitude and timing of fault slip are measured to acknowledge the role that faults play in controlling fluid flow over time. Results based on theoretical and in situ hydrocarbon column heights strongly indicate that across-fault and top-seal breach by capillary threshold pressure, and top-seal breach by mechanical failure are highly unlikely to have caused hydrocarbon leakage. Instead, top-seal breach caused by tectonic reactivation of identified faults is likely to have facilitated hydrocarbon leakage from structural traps. The results of this case study acknowledge the different mechanisms by which hydrocarbons can leak from a structural trap. Employing both a holistic and quantitative approach to assessing different seal capacities reduces the likelihood that a particular cause of hydrocarbon leakage is overlooked. This is particularly relevant for the Snøhvit Field in its dual capacity as a producing gas field and as a carbon sequestration site since both systems rely on a thorough understanding of seal capacity and leakage potential.
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Lerche, Ian. "Economic Exploration Assessment of Hydrocarbon Leakage across a Fault. III. Hydrocarbon Leaks and Fault Locations." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, no. 3 (June 2005): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459805774852100.

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This paper addresses the concerns of potential hydrocarbon leakage through a fault when there are changes in the location of the fault, its orientation, and its length in relation to a given sand body of known width. The probability that hydrocarbons interact with the fault is expressed in terms of the overlap length of the fault in the sand, and in terms of the sand width as well. When the probability that the fault is open or shut to hydrocarbon flow is added to the geometric probabilities as a basic variable, the uncertainties of the five parameters (fault length, sand body width, fault orientation, fault location in relation to the sand body, and probability the fault is open to hydrocarbon escape) are addressed in terms of Monte Carlo representations of the chances of retaining or losing hydrocarbons. The dominant contributions to the uncertainties of the fraction of hydrocarbons most likely lost or retained are also given so that one can determine which of the five basic parameters need to have their ranges of uncertainty narrowed first in order to improve on the probable estimates of hydrocarbon retention. Numerical illustrations are given to show how one goes about assessing these factors for a sand cut by a fault, and to illustrate the chances that the sand is hydrocarbon bearing or not due to possible loss through the fault.
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Lerche, Ian. "Leakage along Faults: Capture by an Overlying Sand." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144598054530002.

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This paper considers the capability of a sand, cut by a fault, to capture hydrocarbons supplied from below along a fault. The volume supplied, the capacity of each part of the sand, and the fractions of volume supplied that could be diverted to each sand, are all significant influences on the amounts of hydrocarbons that could be captured. Simple deterministic examples are given to illustrate the patterns of response that ensue when individual parameters are varied, including the amount of hydrocarbons lost from the system. In addition, when all of the parameters can be uncertain, as is most usually the situation when undertaking hydrocarbon exploration estimates of possible reserves, Monte Carlo calculations are used to show which of the uncertain parameters is causing the largest fraction of uncertainty on the fill and loss amounts from the system. In this way one can determine where to expend effort to narrow down the range of uncertainty of the parameters causing the dominant contributions to fill and loss uncertainty, with out having to spend inordinate amounts of time and effort in attempts to determine parameter ranges better for those parameters that hardly influence the uncertainty on hydrocarbon fill and loss.
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Lerche, Ian. "Leakage up Faults: Production and Supply Concerns for “Topping Up” Sands." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144598054529987.

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This paper discusses the leakage of hydrocarbons up a fault into an overlying sand that is cut by the fault. The supply of hydrocarbons is continuous until exhaustion of the main source below the sand. At the same time that hydrocarbons can be filling the sand, production is also allowed from the sand components. Hydrocarbons may also bypass either or both components of the cut sand if their respective capacities have been reached, so that there can be a time dependent loss from the lower sand component or the upper sand component or both, as they are filled and drained by production. Numerical illustrations show how the start time of production for each sand influences the bypass and “topping-up” of the sands, as well as the influence of the fractions of the hydrocarbon flow that can be diverted to each of the sand components of the hydrocarbon flow are allowed to vary. In short, an Excel program built upon such ideas has many of the capabilities needed to describe the broad features of leakage, production, topping up, and loss from such sands, as occur specifically in the Eugene Island 335 field as well as in many other fields.
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Gaurina-Međimurec, Nediljka, and Karolina Novak Mavar. "DEPLETED HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS AND CO2 INJECTION WELLS –CO2 LEAKAGE ASSESSMENT." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 32, no. 2 (March 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2017.2.3.

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Løseth, Helge, Marita Gading, and Lars Wensaas. "Hydrocarbon leakage interpreted on seismic data." Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, no. 7 (August 2009): 1304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.09.008.

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Zhang, Bowei. "A Prediction Method for Hydrocarbon Distribution Associated with Fault-Shale Caprock Configuration Leakages." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082867.

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A prediction method of hydrocarbon distribution associated with fault-shale caprock configuration leakages is established through superposing hydrocarbon distribution at deep basin fault-shale caprock configuration leakages, and conducting faults to understand distribution of shallow reservoirs of “lower generation, upper accumulation” in petroliferous basins based on fault-shale caprock configuration leakage mechanism. Prediction of hydrocarbon distribution at the Ed-3 Member in the south of the northern Dagang area of Bohai Bay Basin was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Results show that predicted oil and gas at the Ed-3 Member are mainly distributed in the middle of the north and in the middle of the south edge, where fault-shale caprock configuration leakages in the middle of the Sha-1 Member contributed positively to oil and gas migration from the hydrocarbon reservoir at deep basin to the shallow reservoirs. The prediction matches well with discovered oil and gas in this area, proving the validity of this method.
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Lanz, V. A., B. Buchmann, C. Hueglin, R. Locher, S. Reimann, and J. Staehelin. "Factor analytical modeling of C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>7</sub> hydrocarbon sources at an urban background site in Zurich (Switzerland): changes between 1993–1994 and 2005–2006." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2008): 907–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-907-2008.

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Abstract. Hourly measurements of 13 volatile hydrocarbons (C2–C7) were performed at an urban background site in Zurich (Switzerland) in the years 1993–1994 and again in 2005–2006. Changes in hydrocarbon profiles and source strengths were recovered by positive matrix factorization (PMF). Eight and six factors could be related to hydrocarbon sources in 1993–1994 and in 2005–2006, respectively. The modeled source profiles were verified by hydrocarbon profiles reported in the literature. The source strengths were validated by independent measurements, such as inorganic trace gases (NOx, CO, SO2), methane (CH4), oxidized hydrocarbons (OVOCs) and meteorological data (temperature, wind speed etc.). Our analysis suggests that the contribution of most hydrocarbon sources (i.e. road traffic, solvents use, and wood burning) decreased by a factor of about two to three between the early 1990s and 2005–2006. On the other hand, hydrocarbon losses from natural gas leakage remained at relatively constant (−20%) concentration levels. The estimated emission trends are in line with the results from different top-down approaches reported for other European cities. Their discrepancies to national emission inventories are discussed.
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Mahmud, Tasiu, Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Zakari Nuhu Lambu, Dauda Danlami, and Adamu Abdullahi Shehu. "Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Fungi: A Review." Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v5i1.681.

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One of the serious problems affecting the environment nowadays is petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations resulting from the activities in the oil and gas sector, these include: oil-spill, tank leakage, lubrication, petroleum exploitation, transportation, and services. Various techniques including mechanical and chemical methods have been employed for the bioremediation and degradation of hydrocarbons pollutants from the environments, however, some of these methods are generally expensive and may have detrimental effects on the environment, hence bioremediation is the alternative solution to hydrocarbon pollutants. Among microorganisms used in bioremediation technology nowadays, fungi are efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly that can be used to cleanup and detoxify hydrocarbons contaminants from the environment viz; soil, water, and sediments. Bioremediation using fungi ensures the complete degradation and mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and cell biomass. This review focuses on the potentials of fungi in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons including the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We reviewed and discussed current approaches in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon including the mechanisms of fungal bioremediation of hydrocarbon, which involves biosurfactants production and the use of fungal enzymes in the degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants. In general, fungi are more efficient and effective in the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants from the environments viz., water, soil, and sediments. However, the potentiality of fungi has not been exploited fully, hence further studies are recommended especially in the current genomic and proteomic era.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrocarbon leakage"

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Nosike, Livinus. "Relationship between tectonics and vertical hydrocarbon leakage : a case study of the deep offshore Niger Delta." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4042.

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Le Delta du Niger a été utilisé comme un cas d’étude pour les relations en offshore profond entre tectonique, surpression et migration verticale des fluides. L’intérêt a été porté sur la partie Est du Delta du Niger, couvrant le bloc OML130/OPL246, où le déplacement des niveaux de décollement donne des structures de type « toe-thrust ». L’approche utilisée intègre l’interprétation sismique, les analyses de surpression, l’analogue de terrain des grès d’Annot (dépôts turbiditiques marins profonds situés dans la partie externe de la chaîne alpine externe) et la modélisation structurale. Les indices de migration au niveau du fond marin du Delta du Niger ont été classifiés. Ils sont liés à des conduits structuraux et à des couches sédimentaires intermédiaires. La nature de ces fuites, leur apparition au toit d’horizons, ainsi que leur contenu géochimique ont permis une première datation de génération de surpression dans les réservoirs et dans les niveaux argileux très profonds. Avec les données de puits (pressions in-situ, températures, rivés de COT et Rock Eval de la roche mère) et avec les horizons interprétés sur les marqueurs sismiques régionaux, la modélisation du bassin a conduit à une mise en relation entre mouvements de raccourcissement tectonique, enfouissements, générations d’hydrocarbures, piégeages et des pertes éventuelles. Le modèle conceptuel « layer-by-layer » de dissipation de pression de fluides est proposé pour expliquer le rôle des failles chevauchantes dans les compartimentations verticales et latérales des surpressions, et pour comprendre comment les roches de couverture sont faillées par ces chevauchements puis plissées. La conséquence est deux types de fuites majeures à l’échelle régionale : à travers les failles chevauchantes ou à l’aplomb des anticlinaux. Le contrôle de rétention à l’échelle du réservoir se fait par les autres types de fuites le long des failles d’extrados, par capillarité ou par perméabilité. Les simulations en laboratoire de compaction et décompaction ont permis de mieux contraindre les variations de perméabilité en fonction des contraintes, et d’évaluer les mécanismes d’écoulement dans les zones de failles synsédimentaires affectant les réservoirs turbiditiques. Il a été montré, avec des cas pratiques, que le taux et la quantité d’écoulement des fluides à travers ces failles peuvent être modélisés. Cette étude montre que la tectonique gravitaire amène une création d’espace d’accommodation dans les synclinaux et la génération et la transmission de surpressions vers les flancs des anticlinaux, instaurant alors une migration verticale d’hydrocarbures. Ce constat a des conséquences sur le piégeage des hydrocarbures dans les « toe-thrusts », d’autant plus lorsque la tectonique est encore active et qu’elle se fait par épisodes. Ainsi, ce travail a conduit à une amélioration des méthodes d’évaluation de rétention des hydrocarbures, mettant en lumière l’inadaptabilité d’utilisation des contraintes régionales aux réservoirs locaux dans le cas de subsidences différentielles ou d’enfouissements inhomogènes. Cette amélioration est possible grâce à une méthode intégrée. Elle consiste à identifier et à prendre en compte (1) les types de scellements stratigraphiques et structuraux, (2) les types de systèmes dynamiques en raccourcissement contrôlés par les étapes de déformation : fuite à l’ouverture de failles pendant le chevauchement actif et surpression au niveau des anticlinaux à cause du scellement des failles inactives, (3) la chronologie des systèmes pétroliers entre la maturation de roche mère, la génération de surpression et le chargement des hydrocarbures par rapport au moment de la compartimentation/structuration du réservoir et (4) la combinaison des facteurs de perméabilité, de capillarité et de composition des zones de failles pour évaluer l’écoulement statique et dynamique dans les zones de failles à l’échelle de ces réservoirs. Cette méthode intégrée permet une meilleure prédiction des pièges d’hydrocarbures et limite le risque dans ces structures complexes de chevauchements en surpression dans le deep offshore
The Niger Delta was used as a case study in the investigation of the relationship between tectonics, consequent pressure build-up, and vertical fluid leakage in the deep offshore. The attention was focused on the eastern part of the Niger Delta, covering the OML130/OPL246 block, where the detachment translates to distal toe-thrusts. An integrated approach, using seismic interpretation, geopressure analyses, field analogue (The Annot Sandstone – external alpine deep marine turbiditic deposits) and structural modelling, was adopted. The seabed leakage features in the Niger Delta case study were classified and linked to structural conduits and intermediate sedimentary carrier bodies. The nature of the leakage types and their emplacement on ancient seabeds, as well as their geochemical content, helped in the preliminary analyses of the timing of overpressure generation in the reservoirs and deeper shaly levels. With present day well data (in-situ pressure, temperature, derived source rock TOC and Rock Eval), and with the horizons interpreted from seismic markers tied to the regional chronostratigraphy, further basin modelling related the tectonic shortening and burial to hydrocarbon generation, trapping and eventual leakages. A conceptual layer-by-layer fluid pressure dissipation model is proposed to explain the role of thrust faults in vertical and lateral geopressure compartmentalisation, and how major lithological seals are offset by these thrusts and later folded. This results in major up-thrust fault and anticlinal leakages, which are the major leakage processes at regional scale. Other types of leakages, including migration laterally along the crestal collapse faults, capillarity and permeability within fault zones, are emphasised for estimating the retention at reservoir scale. Laboratory simulation of compaction and decompaction was used to better constrain the permeability variation with changing stress conditions and the flow mechanisms in the syn-sedimentary fault zones affecting such turbiditic reservoirs. It has been shown, with practical cases, that the rate and amount of leakages through these faults can be modelled. The work has shown that the creation of local synclinal accommodation space, high overpressure generation and weak anticlinal uplift relate gravity controlled tectonics to vertical hydrocarbon leakage. This has a consequence on the hydrocarbon trapping at toe-thrusts, especially as the tectonic events are still active and episodic. A proper evaluation of these major thrusts and the secondary crestal collapse faults was carried out. This helped in the improvement of seal evaluation methods, highlighting the inadaptability of the use of regional stress trends for local reservoirs in cases of differential subsidence or inhomogeneous burial. The improvement was made possible by the use of an integrated evaluation approach. This identifies and takes into account (1) the stratigraphic and structural seal types, (2) the stage of deformation controlling the dynamic system: active thrust faults leaking due to fault opening and inactive faults where pressure may be building up within the related anticlines, which propagated above thrust tips, (3) timing of the petroleum system – source rock maturation, overpressure generation and hydrocarbon charging with respect to reservoir compartmentalisation/trap formation and (4) the combination of factors such as permeability, capillarity and fault zone composition in constraining static and dynamic fluid flow in fault zones affecting these reservoirs. This integrated approach was found to be better for predicting the nature of the hydrocarbon traps at the problematic overpressured toe-thrust prospects in this deep offshore zone
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Hartwig, Alexander Verfasser], Primio Rolando [Akademischer Betreuer] Di, Zahie [Akademischer Betreuer] Anka, Brian [Akademischer Betreuer] Horsfield, Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Dominik. "Hydrocarbon migration and leakage dynamics of the Orange Basin, South Africa / Alexander Hartwig. Gutachter: Brian Horsfield ; Ralf Littke ; Wilhelm Dominik. Betreuer: Rolando di Primio ; Zahie Anka ; Brian Horsfield." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067386726/34.

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Hartwig, Alexander [Verfasser], Primio Rolando Akademischer Betreuer] Di, Zahie [Akademischer Betreuer] Anka, Brian [Akademischer Betreuer] Horsfield, Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Dominik. "Hydrocarbon migration and leakage dynamics of the Orange Basin, South Africa / Alexander Hartwig. Gutachter: Brian Horsfield ; Ralf Littke ; Wilhelm Dominik. Betreuer: Rolando di Primio ; Zahie Anka ; Brian Horsfield." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067386726/34.

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Ostanin, Ilya [Verfasser], Zahie [Akademischer Betreuer] Anka, Primio Rolando [Akademischer Betreuer] Di, Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Tröger, Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Dominik, Brian [Akademischer Betreuer] Horsfield, and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Berndt. "Hydrocarbon plumbing systems and leakage phenomenon in the Hammerfest Basin, southwest Barents Sea : integration of seismic data analysis and numerical modelling / Ilya Ostanin. Gutachter: Uwe Tröger ; Wilhelm Dominik ; Brian Horsfield ; Christian Berndt ; Rolando di Primio. Betreuer: Zahie Anka ; Rolando di Primio." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071889923/34.

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Quitério, Giuliana Clarice Mercuri. "Estudo das alterações espectrais de três espécies vegetais como indicadoras de vazamentos precoces em dutos de transporte de hidrocarbonetos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287194.

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Orientadores: Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Teodoro Isnard Ribeiro de Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T04:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quiterio_GiulianaClariceMercuri_D.pdf: 42396730 bytes, checksum: 61bf622657c16e3ea121d243ff8a79c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Essa pesquisa compreende a aplicação de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (SR) no aprimoramento dos sistemas de detecção indireta de vazamentos de pequeno porte (<1% de pressão e vazão) em dutos de transporte de hidrocarbonetos (HCs). O objetivo geral do estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de detecção de alterações botânicas relacionadas à presença de gasolina (GSL) e diesel (DSL) no solo, através de respostas espectrais de espécies vegetais, no intervalo de 400 a 2500nm do espectro eletromagnético. As espécies abordadas compreendem três grupos distintos, entre os quais uma gramínea (Brachiaria brizantha (BR)), uma leguminosa (Neonotonia wightii (SJ)) e uma espécie de habito arbóreo (Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EUC)). A gramínea e a leguminosa são perenes e têm ampla ocorrência no território nacional. O ensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação contendo 45 lisímetros, nos quais contaminações controladas e periódicas foram realizadas buscando-se simular, em escala reduzida, o sistema solo-vegetação de locais com vazamentos indetectáveis pelos sistemas usuais de monitoramento. As variáveis analisadas, incluindo altura, massa da matéria seca e fresca da parte aérea e raízes, conteúdo de pigmentos, amido, açúcar total, nutrição mineral da vegetação e fertilidade do solo, foram correlacionadas com as propriedades de refletância das folhas. Os resultados mostraram que as três espécies vegetais apresentaram alterações espectrais e morfo-fisiológicas relacionadas à presença de GSL e DSL no solo, porém, cada qual com volume de HCs e tempo de exposição distintos. A GSL foi o contaminante mais agressivo e as respostas fisiológicas e espectrais nas plantas submetidas a esse hidrocarboneto foram observadas mais precocemente quando comparada àquelas contaminadas por DSL. Entre as culturas estudadas, a SJ mostrou resultados mais significativos e anomalias em sua resposta espectral puderam ser observadas desde a primeira dose de contaminação. Além das alterações espectrais, a forte queda da massa da matéria da parte aérea proporcionou fácil detecção de áreas contaminadas, inclusive por sensores imageadores multiespecrais e, principalmente, hiperespectrais. A BR também apresentou resultados satisfatórios, especialmente com relação às alterações espectrais, que podem ser facilmente detectadas e diferenciadas do background nos lisímetros de controle, sem contaminação. O EUC mostrou ser a espécie mais resistente a contaminação e respostas espectrais evidentes foram observadas somente após a aplicação de quantidades maiores de HCs no solo. As três espécies apresentaram alterações específicas na região do SWIR em resposta à contaminação, correlacionadas com a metabolização de compostos de sacarídeos, podendo-se especificar padrões de estresse correlacionados com a presença dos HCs no solo. Desta forma, a pesquisa contemplou o objetivo de indicar um espécie vegetal mais suscetível à presença de baixas concentrações de HCs no solo e caracterizar espectralmente as alterações decorrente desta contaminação, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de monitoramento fino da malha dutoviária nacional brasileira, seja através de sensores portáteis, aerotrasnportados ou orbitais.
Abstract: This research involves the application of remote sensing (RS) data and techniques to improve the indirect detection of small leakages (i.e. <1% in pressure and flow) through hydrocarbon pipelines. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the possibility to detect botanical and attuned visible and infrared (400-2500 nm) spectral changes induced by plant growth on soils contaminated with gasoline (GSL) and diesel (DSL). The species addressed include three distinct groups: a grass specie (Brachiaria brizantha (BR)), a leguminous specie (Neonotonia wightii (SJ)) and type of forest tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EUC)). Both the grass and leguminous species are perennials and have a wide occurrence in Brazil. The leakage experiments were conducted in a greenhouse containing 45 lysimeters, where controlled contaminations were carried out periodically. The notion was to simulate a a contaminated soilvegetation system at reduced scale mimicking an underground, small and slow leakage, which is undetectable by the usual monitoring systems. The analyzed variables, including height, mass of dry and fresh shoot and roots, pigment content, starch, total sugar, mineral nutrition of the vegetation and soil fertility, were correlated with the reflectance properties of plant leaves. The results indicated that the three plant species showed spectral and morphophysiological changes related to the presence of GSL and DSL in the soil, however, each with a specific volume of HCs and different exposure time. The GSL proved to be a more aggressive contaminant. Physiological and spectral responses of plants grown under this hydrocarbon were observed earlier when compared to those contaminated by DSL. Among the crops studied, SJ showed results that are more significant. Anomalous spectral response could be observed since the first dose of contamination applied to this leguminous specie. In addition to the spectral changes, the sharp decrease of the mass of shoot matter provided easy detection of contaminated areas. The same detection showed plausible on spectra simulated to the bandwidth of multispectral and mostly hyperspectral imaging sensors. BR also showed satisfactory results, particularly with respect to spectral changes, which can be easily traced and differentiated from the background (i.e., measurements taken on lysimeters containing plants without contamination). The EUC was found to be the specie most resistant to contamination and spectral responses were only evident after the application of larger amounts of HCs in the soil. The three species showed specific changes in the SWIR region in response to HC contamination. Such changes are connected with the metabolism of saccharides compounds, which seem to cause specified stress patterns correlated with the presence of HCs in the soil. Thus, through this research it was possible to indicate plant species most susceptible to indirectly respond to the presence of low concentrations of HCs in soil and spectrally characterize the botanical changes resulting from this contamination. This enables the development of a new and detailed surveillance method for monitoring the Brazilian pipeline networks, either through portable, airborne or orbital sensors.
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
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Kivior, Tomasz. "Characterising top seal in the Vulcan Sub-Basin, North West Shelf, Australia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59638.

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Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.
The occurrence of palaeo-oil columns in Late Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs in the Vulcan sub-basin indicates that hydrocarbon accumulations have leaked. It is unclear whether accumulations have leaked through breach of top seal or fault seal. This study evaluates the top seal potential for hydrocarbon accumulations in the Vulcan Sub-basin. For this purpose a top seal potential assessment methodology was developed. Seal potential (SP) combines seal capacity (the hydrocarbon column height that can physically be held back by seal), seal geometry (the areal extent and thickness of the seal) and seal integrity (rock mechanical properties of the seal). Seal capacities are measured using mercury injection capillary pressure calculations. Areal extent is evaluated using sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic principles. Thickness is determined empirically from well logs and seismic data. Seal integrity is derived from a brittleness index. In addition, a component relating to data quality and quantity is included in seal potential evaluation. The main sample set for this study is composed of drill cuttings. For this reason a comparison of seal capacity results measured from cuttings and cores has verified that cuttings samples provide accurate seal capacity measurements. Lower Vulcan Formation SP ranges from low to high due to variations in seal capacity and thickness risks as well as data quality and quantity. High SP occurs in the main depocentres and low SP occurs on the palaeo-highs and basin margins. Upper Vulcan Formations SP ranges from low to moderate due to variations in seal capacity. Moderate SP occurs in the depocentres and low SP on the basin margins. In the Echuca Shoals Formations seal capacity. Formation seal extent and integrity as well as data quality and quantity are good. However seal thickness is inconsistent, resulting in SP variations from good to poor as a function of thickness. Jamieson Formation has high seal capacities, is thick and areally extensive, however the seal potential is locally moderate (for example on the Ashmore Platform) due to seal integrity risk. SP for the Jamieson is controlled by the thickness and the amount of calcite present in the rock, which affects the brittleness of the formation and hence the seal integrity. The Woolaston, Gibson and Fenelon (WGF) Formations are grouped together as a regional seal and in this group SP varies from low to high. The WGF rocks generally have high seal capacities, are areally extensive and thick with good data quality and quantity sample set wise. Where the WGF is predominantly marl and calcilutite some of the highest brittleness index values were recorded and hence the WGF has a low SP in these areas. Based on the overall seal potential analysis, almost all seals in the area are capable of holding back hydrocarbon columns greater then present or palaeocolums recorded. This suggests that hydrocarbon leakage in the Vulcan Sub-Basin did not occur as a result of top seal capillary failure.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2008
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7

Kivior, Tomasz. "Characterising top seal in the Vulcan Sub-Basin, North West Shelf, Australia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59638.

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Abstract:
The occurrence of palaeo-oil columns in Late Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs in the Vulcan sub-basin indicates that hydrocarbon accumulations have leaked. It is unclear whether accumulations have leaked through breach of top seal or fault seal. This study evaluates the top seal potential for hydrocarbon accumulations in the Vulcan Sub-basin. For this purpose a top seal potential assessment methodology was developed. Seal potential (SP) combines seal capacity (the hydrocarbon column height that can physically be held back by seal), seal geometry (the areal extent and thickness of the seal) and seal integrity (rock mechanical properties of the seal). Seal capacities are measured using mercury injection capillary pressure calculations. Areal extent is evaluated using sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic principles. Thickness is determined empirically from well logs and seismic data. Seal integrity is derived from a brittleness index. In addition, a component relating to data quality and quantity is included in seal potential evaluation. The main sample set for this study is composed of drill cuttings. For this reason a comparison of seal capacity results measured from cuttings and cores has verified that cuttings samples provide accurate seal capacity measurements. Lower Vulcan Formation SP ranges from low to high due to variations in seal capacity and thickness risks as well as data quality and quantity. High SP occurs in the main depocentres and low SP occurs on the palaeo-highs and basin margins. Upper Vulcan Formations SP ranges from low to moderate due to variations in seal capacity. Moderate SP occurs in the depocentres and low SP on the basin margins. In the Echuca Shoals Formations seal capacity. Formation seal extent and integrity as well as data quality and quantity are good. However seal thickness is inconsistent, resulting in SP variations from good to poor as a function of thickness. Jamieson Formation has high seal capacities, is thick and areally extensive, however the seal potential is locally moderate (for example on the Ashmore Platform) due to seal integrity risk. SP for the Jamieson is controlled by the thickness and the amount of calcite present in the rock, which affects the brittleness of the formation and hence the seal integrity. The Woolaston, Gibson and Fenelon (WGF) Formations are grouped together as a regional seal and in this group SP varies from low to high. The WGF rocks generally have high seal capacities, are areally extensive and thick with good data quality and quantity sample set wise. Where the WGF is predominantly marl and calcilutite some of the highest brittleness index values were recorded and hence the WGF has a low SP in these areas. Based on the overall seal potential analysis, almost all seals in the area are capable of holding back hydrocarbon columns greater then present or palaeocolums recorded. This suggests that hydrocarbon leakage in the Vulcan Sub-Basin did not occur as a result of top seal capillary failure.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2008
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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrocarbon leakage"

1

Bürck, J., K. Krämer, S. Roth, and H. Mathieu. "Location of Hydrocarbon Leakage by Combining SPME in Optical Fibers and OTDR Techniques." In Field Screening Europe 2001, 247–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0564-7_39.

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Etiope, G., P. Carnevale, F. Gasparoni, M. Calcara, P. Favali, and G. Smriglio. "Offshore hydrocarbon leakage: Hazards and monitoring." In Developments in Marine Technology, 217–28. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-2009(02)80021-x.

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O'Brien, G. W., L. M. Goldie Divko, P. R. Tingate, M. L. Harrison, J. Hamilton, K. Liu, M. Campi, and J. Miranda. "6. Basin-scale Migration-fluid Flow, Sealing, and Leakage-seepage Processes, Gippsland Basin, Australia." In Hydrocarbon Seepage, 93–126. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560803119.ch6.

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4

Clayton, Chris J., and Paul R. Dando. "Comparison of Seepage and Seal Leakage Rates." In Hydrocarbon Migration and Its Near-Surface Expression. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/m66606c13.

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Wiprut, David, and Mark D. Zoback. "Fault reactivation, leakage potential, and hydrocarbon column heights in the northern north sea." In Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications, 203–19. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-8937(02)80016-9.

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6

Hermanrud, Christian, and Hege Marit Nordgrd Bols. "Leakage from overpressured hydrocarbon reservoirs at Haltenbanken and in the northern North Sea." In Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications, 221–31. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-8937(02)80017-0.

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7

Chaurasia, Pankaj Kumar, Shashi Lata Bharati, and Ashutosh Mani. "Enzymatic Treatment of Petroleum-Based Hydrocarbons." In Handbook of Research on Microbial Tools for Environmental Waste Management, 396–408. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch019.

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Petroleum and petroleum-based products are highly beneficial for our daily life system. Functioning of several industries and machineries directly depends on different forms of petroleum. There are strong possibilities of the release of such petroleum and petroleum-based compounds like aliphatic as well as aromatic hydrocarbons during their refining process, usage, storage, transport, and other activities due to the accidents, leakages, or just a little lack of awareness. Their exposure to soils or water causes serious problems for aquatic as well as human beings. The efficient removal or detoxification of such pollutants is the demand of the present time. The use of microbial sources for the bioremediation of such petroleum wastes may be promising technique because it does not require any drastic conditions for detoxification process and by-products produced by them are also harmless unlike chemical and other techniques. In this regard, this chapter discusses the enzymatic role in detoxification or bioremediation of petroleum-based hydrocarbons.
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Chaurasia, Pankaj Kumar, Shashi Lata Bharati, and Ashutosh Mani. "Enzymatic Treatment of Petroleum-Based Hydrocarbons." In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 445–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3714-8.ch023.

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Petroleum and petroleum-based products are highly beneficial for our daily life system. Functioning of several industries and machineries directly depends on different forms of petroleum. There are strong possibilities of the release of such petroleum and petroleum-based compounds like aliphatic as well as aromatic hydrocarbons during their refining process, usage, storage, transport, and other activities due to the accidents, leakages, or just a little lack of awareness. Their exposure to soils or water causes serious problems for aquatic as well as human beings. The efficient removal or detoxification of such pollutants is the demand of the present time. The use of microbial sources for the bioremediation of such petroleum wastes may be promising technique because it does not require any drastic conditions for detoxification process and by-products produced by them are also harmless unlike chemical and other techniques. In this regard, this chapter discusses the enzymatic role in detoxification or bioremediation of petroleum-based hydrocarbons.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrocarbon leakage"

1

Imbert, P., V. Casenave, J. P. Blouet, and S. T. Ho. "Hydrocarbon Leakage through Fine-grained Series - Focused vs. Distributed." In 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201700641.

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Parmar, Kaushik, and Simon Park. "Direct Hydrocarbon Leakage Detection of Pipelines Using Novel Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33115.

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Leakage in pipelines carrying oil and natural gas cause significant financial losses and extreme environmental damage and endanger public safety. This study describes the design and fabrication of a cost-effective in situ carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymeric nanocomposite based sensor network system for direct hydrocarbon leak detection. CNT nanocomposites offer a unique approach to pipeline leak detection, where the sensing mechanism is attributed to the effect of physically absorbed hydrocarbon molecules between CNTs on the inter-CNT conductivity. A spray system was developed for atomizing the nanocomposite solution into microscopic droplets that produce an ultra-thin coating. The spray also keeps the sensor flexible and easy to implement on any surface, such as pipeline joints and weld sections. The proposed system provides direct hydrocarbon detection with high sensitivity for the gas and liquid hydrocarbon products that pipelines carry.
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Ileagu, Martin Obinna, Ikechi Ofong, Osueke Godson, and Opara Victor Uchechukwu. "Leakage Detection in Subsea Flow Lines." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22381-ms.

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Abstract With hydrocarbon targets becoming more inaccessible and further away from the marketplace, the need for operative fault monitoring process for continuous pipeline operation is attracting renewed attention. Dependable evacuation process is essential in managing the volatile hydrocarbon products demand-supply drivers. Pipeline remains the most robust method for full and/or partial transportation of fluids from source to the market/processing place and its reliability is integral to achieving this objective. This study examines the phenomena of a new leakage detection technique in subsea pipelines. The numerical modeling of transient pipe flow based on method of characteristics is initiated by closing the pipe downstream valve. The time history of pressure fluctuation measured as a downstream boundary condition showed that when compared with equal magnitude and spaced pressure signals of the leak free pipeline, damaged pipeline will have changing sinusoidal patterned pressure signals due to the presence of leaky nodes.
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4

Knies, J., A. Plaza-Faverola, S. Bünz, J. Mienert, M. Daszinnies, R. Mattingsdal, and S. Chand. "Finding the Source for Hydrocarbon Leakage on the Vestnesa Ridge, NW Svalbard." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25483-ms.

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Ikram, Waqas, Niklas Jansson, Trygve Harvei, Britta Fismen, Jorgen Svare, Niels Aakvaag, Stig Petersen, and Simon Carlsen. "Towards the development of a SIL compliant wireless hydrocarbon leakage detection system." In 2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2013.6647986.

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Tommeras, A., O. Sylta, O. Lonne, and T. Berg. "Modelling of Overpressure Generation and Its Implications for Hydrocarbon Migration and Leakage." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.o-37.

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Parmar, Kaushik, Chaneel Park, and Simon Park. "Robust Direct Hydrocarbon Sensor Based on Novel Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Leakage Detection." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64118.

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Leakage in oil and gas infrastructure, often cause significant financial losses, severe damage to the environment and raises public concern. In order to minimize the impact of spills, quick detection of a leak and a rapid response are needed. The systems currently employed to detect pipeline leakage range from simple visual checking to complex hardware and software systems such as mass balance, pressure point analysis, flow deviation, acoustic emission systems, and fibre-optic-based sensing technologies. These methods are useful, but there are certain limitations. The main drawback of the majority of these leak detection technologies is that they detect leakage indirectly, often unable to detect the leakage until the major spill. The preventive monitoring system and direct detection of hydrocarbon leakage are urgently needed to enable fast response and timely repairs with less deleterious effects. Research is being conducted for the development of a functional prototype and environmental testing of in-situ carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite based sensors for hydrocarbon leakage detection. The CNT nanocomposite offers a unique approach to the direct hydrocarbon leakage detection in pipelines and aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). Expanding the study from the previous report of sensor characteristics under the optimal ambient condition, it was further investigated to identify the sensor performance under harsh conditions such as the underground (exposed to the soil) with compost and moisture, high pressure, changing temperature and long-term exposure to the outdoor environment. Investigation of the sensor behavior is studied, and a performance matrix is developed that accounts for the change in sensor response to various environmental conditions. Results showed that the proposed CNT nanocomposite sensor was applicable under given conditions with immediate responses while maintaining high sensitivity to the hydrocarbon leakage. Once a list of sensor detection specifications is defined, it is anticipated that the CNT sensor technology is applicable as part of a robust, reliable and accurate early detection system for the pipeline industry.
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Prasetyo, R. D. "Integrated Seismic Attributes and AVO Analysis in the Faults and Hydrocarbon Leakage Extraction." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 42nd Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa19.g.396.

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9

Hermanrud, C., and L. Geogescu. "Relationships between Bright Amplitudes in Overburden Rocks and Leakage from Underlying Hydrocarbon Reservoirs." In EAGE Shallow Anomalies Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147427.

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10

Rykkelid, E., and Y. Rundberg. "Seismic Signature of Hydrocarbon Leakage from a Frigg Structure in the North Sea." In EAGE Shallow Anomalies Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147432.

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