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Truskewycz, Adam, Taylor D. Gundry, Leadin S. Khudur, Adam Kolobaric, Mohamed Taha, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Andrew S. Ball, and Esmaeil Shahsavari. "Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in Terrestrial Ecosystems—Fate and Microbial Responses." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183400.
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Petroleum hydrocarbons represent the most frequent environmental contaminant. The introduction of petroleum hydrocarbons into a pristine environment immediately changes the nature of that environment, resulting in reduced ecosystem functionality. Natural attenuation represents the single, most important biological process which removes petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment. It is a process where microorganisms present at the site degrade the organic contaminants without the input of external bioremediation enhancers (i.e., electron donors, electron acceptors, other microorganisms or nutrients). So successful is this natural attenuation process that in environmental biotechnology, bioremediation has developed steadily over the past 50 years based on this natural biodegradation process. Bioremediation is recognized as the most environmentally friendly remediation approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from an environment as it does not require intensive chemical, mechanical, and costly interventions. However, it is under-utilized as a commercial remediation strategy due to incomplete hydrocarbon catabolism and lengthy remediation times when compared with rival technologies. This review aims to describe the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment and discuss their interactions with abiotic and biotic components of the environment under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms for dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the environment will be examined. When petroleum hydrocarbons contaminate land, they start to interact with its surrounding, including physical (dispersion), physiochemical (evaporation, dissolution, sorption), chemical (photo-oxidation, auto-oxidation), and biological (plant and microbial catabolism of hydrocarbons) interactions. As microorganism (including bacteria and fungi) play an important role in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, investigations into the microbial communities within contaminated soils is essential for any bioremediation project. This review highlights the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in tertial environments, as well as the contributions of different microbial consortia for optimum petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation potential. The impact of high-throughput metagenomic sequencing in determining the underlying degradation mechanisms is also discussed. This knowledge will aid the development of more efficient, cost-effective commercial bioremediation technologies.
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Bekturova, Assemgul, Zhannur Markhametova, and Zhaksylyk Masalimov. "Plasmids Role in Survival of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A1 Exposed to UV-Radiation and Hydrocarbons." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.151.
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The role of plasmids in hydrocarbon-degrading bacteriaAcinetobacter calcoaceticus A1survival to UV-radiation and hydrocarbons was studied. Natural plasmids-containingA. calcoaceticus A1showed high resistance to UV-radiation.A. calcoaceticus A1showed active growth under exposed to UV-radiation for up to 30 minutes. Combined effects of UV-radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons did not considerably reduce the growth of strains. It was shown a stimulating effect of UV-radiation on the growth curves of strains ofA. calcoaceticus A1. Constructed recombinant strain (E.coli XL blueRec) showed the ability to grow on medium with addition petroleum hydrocarbons. Combined effects of UV-radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons have had a negative effect on the growth ofE.coli XL blueRec. Thus, results showed that the plasmid DNA of natural hydrocarbon-degrading bacteriaA. calcoaceticus A1may contain genes of microbial resistance to UV - radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Liu, Jianbo, Liming Xu, Feifei Zhu, and Shouhao Jia. "Effects of surfactants on the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and surface hydrophobicity of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading flora." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 5 (September 20, 2020): 200384–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.384.
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It has been proven that surfactants used in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil have great application potential. In this study, the effects of five surfactants (SDBS, Tween80, Tween60, rhamnolipid and TRS-1) on leaching of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil were investigated through orthogonal experiments, and petroleum hydrocarbon components were analyzed by GC/MS. The effects of surfactants on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon were analyzed by the changes of microbial growth curve and surface hydrophobicity. The results showed that surfactant type, temperature and surfactant concentration had significant effects on the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbon. Tween80, rhamnolipid and TRS-1 have good bio-friendliness and a high removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 65%), suitable for the restoration of the soil used in the experiment And Surfactants exhibited a higher removal rate for small molecules and petroleum hydrocarbons with odd carbon atoms. Surfactants have a certain modification effect on the surface of relatively hydrophilic bacteria under the initial conditions, making their surface properties develop in the direction of enhanced hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity has increased from less than 20% to about 40%.
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Sun, Xiao Nan, An Ping Liu, Wen Ting Sun, and Shu Chang Jin. "The Remedial Effect of the Decomposing Bacteria on Different Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.88.
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Petroleum contamination has become one of the major soil contaminations. Aiming at petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, the multi-group opposite experiments is set; this paper use some petroleum hydrocarbon-decomposing bacteria to remedy the soil contaminated by different carbon chain petroleum hydrocarbons. Compare and study the remedial results, and study the growth of the bacteria in the decomposing process. The Study shows that the degradation rate of the bacteria to short-chain petroleum hydrocarbons is relatively high; Within 40 days without nutrient substance, degradation rate of bacteria to gasoline and diesel is 80%, degradation rate of bacteria to aromatics and lubricants is 50%, the trend of bacteria’s growth curve and the degradation rate curve of each component are approximate.
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Gurov, Yuri P., Evgeny О. Zemlianskii, Andrey G. Mozyrev, and Slavik G. Agaev. "PARAMETERS CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES AND SOLID PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS DISSOLUTION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 6 (May 13, 2020): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206306.6181.
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In the proposed work, the experimental data on the processes of crystallization and different nature waxy hydrocarbons recrystallization in hydrocarbon solvents have been compared. T-1 technical paraffin (GOST 23683-89) with the melting point of 54 °С and ceresin-80 (GOST 2488-79) with the dropping temperature of 80 °C have been used. РТ-1 kerosene (GOST 10227-86) and de-waxed oil of fraction 420-490 °С have been used as hydrocarbon solvents. The experimental data on crystallization and recrystallization processes of paraffin wax with a melting temperature of 54 ºC and ceresin with a dropping temperature of 80 °C in kerosene and dewaxed oil are presented in this paper. It is shown that chemical structure has the main influence on the processes of crystallization and recrystallization of solid petroleum hydrocarbons. An exceedance of solid hydrocarbons solution temperatures tр above their cloud points tп has been observed which is explained by hysteretic processes. The temperature difference Δt = tр- tп depends on the solid hydrocarbons nature and their content in solvents. Wax solutions in kerosene have higher values Δt relative to ceresin solutions in kerosene, which can be explained by the difference in chemical structure of solid hydrocarbons. With the increase in solid hydrocarbons content in their solvents due to the differences in solid hydrocarbons diffusion rate, Δt decreases. The discovered regularities of solid hydrocarbons crystallization and recrystallization should be taken into account in the processes of paraffin oil production, transportation and processing.
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Gargouri, Boutheina, Najla Mhiri, Fatma Karray, Fathi Aloui, and Sami Sayadi. "Isolation and Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Yeast Strains from Petroleum Contaminated Industrial Wastewater." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/929424.
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Two yeast strains are enriched and isolated from industrial refinery wastewater. These strains were observed for their ability to utilize several classes of petroleum hydrocarbons substrates, such asn-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 variable domain and the ITS-region sequences indicated that strains HC1 and HC4 were members of the generaCandidaandTrichosporon, respectively. The mechanism of hydrocarbon uptaking by yeast,Candida,andTrichosporonhas been studied by means of the kinetic analysis of hydrocarbons-degrading yeasts growth and substrate assimilation. Biodegradation capacity and biomass quantity were daily measured during twelve days by gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques. Removal ofn-alkanes indicated a strong ability of hydrocarbon biodegradation by the isolated yeast strains. These two strains grew on long-chainn-alkane, diesel oil, and crude oil but failed to grow on short-chainn-alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons. Growth measurement attributes of the isolates, usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil, and crude oil as substrates, showed that strain HC1 had better degradation for hydrocarbon substrates than strain HC4. In conclusion, these yeast strains can be useful for the bioremediation process and decreasing petroleum pollution in wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Sharma, S. S., and A. Vashishtha. "Physicochemical characterisation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated land of Guru Gobind Singh refinery’s peripheral area, Punjab." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (June 19, 2021): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221230.
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Petroleum hydrocarbons are a critical environmental contaminant and pose a serious hazard to the living system as petroleum hydrocarbons are identified as carcinogenic and neurotoxic organic pollutants. Therefore, remedial methods are required to dispose of it. With a modern understanding of nature and microorganisms, bioremediation is the preferred method for soil pollution control. However, before the implementation of successful bioremediation technology, it is required to assess various physico-chemical parameters of contaminated soil. In the present study, various physico-chemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, organic carbon, organic matter, available nitrogen, carbonate, bicarbonate, potassium and sodium contents of the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil were estimated. The results suggested a rise in all the estimated parameters for the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.
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Petrov, Al A., and N. N. Abryutina. "Isoprenoid petroleum hydrocarbons." Russian Chemical Reviews 58, no. 6 (June 30, 1989): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1989v058n06abeh003461.
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AL-Kindi, A. Y. A., J. A. Brown, and C. P. Waring. "Endocrine, Physiological and Histopathological Responses of Fish and their Larvae to Stress with Emphasis on Exposure to Crude Oil and Various Petroleum Hydrocarbons." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (December 1, 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp1-30.
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Various endocrine and physiological responses of fish exposed to forceful physical and chemical stimuli are reviewed with emphasis on the effects of crude oils and their hydrocarbon constituents. The chemistry and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons are examined and methods for experimental exposure of fish to crude oil and petroleum hydrocarbons are considered. A variety of blood-borne parameters recognized as reliable tools in determining the relative severity of stress in fish are reviewed. The effects of stress and petroleum hydrocarbons on endocrine responses including changes in plasma catecholamines, corticosteroids, and thyroid hormones are reviewed. The physiological responses: changes in plasma glucose, osmotic and ionic regulation, blood oxygen, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration are explored, and histopathological effects of crude oil on fish are reviewed. Recent studies of the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on fish larvae are considered and the increased sensitivity of the early life stages of fish are highlighted.
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Thi Quynh Hoa, Kieu, Nguyen Vu Giang, Nguyen Thi Yen, Mai Duc Huynh, Nguyen Huu Dat, Vuong Thi Nga, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, and Pham Thi Phuong. "Enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted water by a hydrocarbon-degrading Bacillus strain immobilized on polyurethane foam." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/3/15714.
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During the production and transportation of petroleum hydrocarbons, unsuitable operation and leakage may result in contamination of water and soil with petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum contamination causes significant marine environmental impacts and presents substantial hazards to human health. Bioremediation of contaminated water and soil is currently the effective and least harmful method of removing petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment. To improve the survival and retention of the bioremediation agents in the contaminated sites, microbial cells must be immobilized. It was demonstrated that immobilized microbial cells present advantages for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants compared to free suspended cells. In this study, the ability of a Bacillus strain (designed as Bacillus sp. VTVK15) to immobilize on PUF and to degrade crude oil was investigated. The immobilized Bacilllus strain had the highest number (5.38 ± 0.12 Í 108 CFU/g PUF) and a maximum attachment efficiency of 92% on PUF after 8 days. Analysis by GC-MS revealed that both free and immobilized cells of Bacillus sp. VTVK15 were able to degrade 65 and 90% of the hydrocarbons in 2% (v/v) crude oil tested after 14 days, respectively. The results suggest the potential of using PUF-immobilized Bacillus sp. VTVK15 to bioremediate petroleum hydrocarbons in an open marine environment.
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Barnes, David L., Sarah M. Wolfe, and Dennis M. Filler. "Equilibrium distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in freezing ground." Polar Record 40, no. 3 (July 2004): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247404003602.
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Past documented laboratory measurements have shown movement of petroleum hydrocarbons to the freezing front in contaminated freezing soils. The mechanisms that are, in part, responsible for the increased contaminant concentration at the freezing front are illustrated in this study with a mass-balance model. Results from this quantitative analysis show that this concentration increase is due to exclusion of petroleum hydrocarbon from the crystalline ice structure and from physical displacement of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon from the pore space as water freezes and expands into ice. Consequences of this process in relation to contaminant migration in freezing soils through time are discussed.
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Parnell, John, and Paul Eakin. "The replacement of sandstones by uraniferous hydrocarbons: significance for petroleum migration." Mineralogical Magazine 51, no. 362 (October 1987): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1987.051.362.05.
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AbstractHydrocarbons (bitumens sensu lato) in sandstones have been recorded in several instances to have partially replaced their host rock, including quartz grains. Many replacive hydrocarbons are uranium-rich: associated non-uraniferous hydrocarbons are not replacive. Uranium is transported as carbonate complexes, which may be decomposed by organic acids to yield UO22+ ions and CO2. The UO22+ will be absorbed onto hydrocarbons before reduction to a mineral phase, generally uraninite; and the CO2 may be aggressive towards the silicate grains of the host sandstone. Accretionary nodules of replacive uraniferous hydrocarbon in red beds (e.g. at the cores of reduction spots) can provide valuable information about petroleum migration. They occur particularly in the vicinity of faults, and may record the interactions between metal-rich groundwaters and hydrocarbons leaking along a fault from an underlying reservoir. A trial study in Devonian sandstones of Easter Ross successfully traced a hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone reservoir from an occurrence of uraniferous hydrocarbon nodules.
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Yong, Raymond N., and Sudhakar M. Rao. "Mechanistic evaluation of mitigation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination by soil medium." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-009.
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Present in situ chemical treatment technologies for mitigation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination are in the developmental stage or being tested. To devise efficient strategies for restricting the movement of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) molecules in the contaminated soil, it is proposed to utilize the sorption–interaction relationships between the petroleum contaminants and the soil substrate. The basic questions addressed in this paper are as follows (i) What are the prominent chemical constituents of the various petroleum fractions that interact with the soil substrate? (ii) What are the functional groups of a soil that interact with the contaminants? (iii) What are the bonding mechanisms possible between the soil functional groups and the PHC contaminants? (iv) What are the consequent changes brought about the soil physical properties on interaction with PHC's? (v) What are the factors influencing the interactions between PHC molecules and clay particles of the soil substrate? (vi) What is the possibility of improving the soil's attenuation ability for PHC's? The development of answers to the basic questions reveal that petroleum hydrocarbons comprise a mixture of nonpolar alkanes and aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons, that have limited solubility in water. The bonding mechanism between the nonpolar PHC's and the clay surface is by way of van der Waals attraction. The adsorption of the nonpolar hydrocarbons by the clay surface occurs only when their (i.e., the hydrocarbon molecules) solubility in water is exceeded and the hydrocarbons exist in the micellar form. Dilute solutions of hydrocarbons in water, i.e., concentrations of hydrocarbons at or below the solubility limit, have no effect on the hydraulic conductivity of clay soils. Permeation with pure hydrocarbons invariably influences the clay hydraulic conductivity. To improve the attenuation ability of soils towards PHC's, it is proposed to coat the soil surface with "ultra" heavy organic polymers. Adsorption of organic polymers by the clay surface may change the surface properties of the soil from highly hydrophilic (having affinity for water molecules) to organophilic (having affinity for organic molecules). The organic polymers attached to the clay surface are expected to attenuate the PHC molecules by van der Waals attraction, by hydrogen bonding, and also by adsorption into interlayer space in the case of soils containing swelling clays. Key words: petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC's), bonding mechanisms, functional groups, PHC-soil interaction, permeation, hydraulic conductivity, attenuation, van der Waals, organic polymers, organophilic.
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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.
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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere
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Wang, Zhendi, and Mervin F. Fingas. "Identification of the Source(s) of Unknown Spilled Oils." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-211.
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ABSTRACT The ability to unambiguously identify spilled oils and petroleum products in complex contaminated environmental samples and to link them to the known sources is extremely important in settling questions of environmental impacts and liability. This paper will briefly review advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpreting techniques used to identify sources of spilled oils. The chemical fingerprinting techniques discussed include pattern recognition evaluation of target petroleum hydrocarbon distributions; determination of major oil components and hydrocarbon groups; determination of diagnostic ratios of source-specific marker compounds such as PAHs and biomarkers; target PAH isomer analysis; and carbon isotopic ratio analysis. Methods for distinguishing biogenic and pyrogenic hydrocarbons from petrogenic hydrocarbons are also addressed. Several examples are presented to illustrate approaches to identifying and allocating multiple sources of hydrocarbons in complex hydrocarbon mixtures using these advanced chemical fingerprinting techniques.
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Nemirovskaya, I. A., V. D. Oneginа, A. P. Lisitzin, and B. V. Konovalov. "Origin of hydrocarbons in suspended matter and bottom sediments near the Crimean peninsula." Доклады Академии наук 484, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524845600-604.
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It was established that the content of hydrocarbons in the surface waters of the Feodosia Gulf fluctuated were varied a wide range (11–179 μg/l), and exceeded the MPC values for petroleum hydrocarbons in individual samples. The highest concentrations were observed in 2016. The composition of alkanes suggested their mixed (autochthonous and allochthonous) origin. The weathered petroleum hydrocarbons have been identified only in a few cases. In bottom sediments, the concentrations of hydrocarbons depended on their grain size distribution, and terrigenous alkanes were dominated in their composition. The oil and pyrogenic hydrocarbons’ pollution were established based on the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the open part of the Black Sea, southward the Crimean peninsula, the hydrocarbon content in surface waters and bottom sediments were at the level of background concentrations, and homologs of terrigenous origin dominated in their composition.
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Simoneit, Bernd R. T. "Hydrothermal petroleum: genesis, migration, and deposition in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-208.
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Hydrothermal activity and seabed mounds have been explored in Guaymas Basin by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), piston coring, dredging, and diving with the Deep Submersible Research Vessel (DSRV) Alvin. Sedimentary organic matter, derived primarily from immature, degraded microbial detritus, is easily converted to petroleum under the hydrothermal regime. These petroleums are mature and migrate in the fluids and by diffusion to the seabed. The fluid migration is aided by near-critical aqueous solution and supercritical carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Petroleum compositions vary from condensates to naphthenic to waxy, all with significant amounts of asphaltenes and hydrothermal products such as olefins and toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The heavy ends condense at the seabed, depositing mainly as a cement with the sulfides and other minerals and to a lesser extent as entrapped oil and crystalline wax in vugs and conduits of the mounds. The PAH are high-temperature resynthesis-aromatization products from residual organic matter, and they are present in all oils but also deposit as discrete trace fractions in the hottest regions of the vent systems. Preliminary estimates of total hydrocarbon generation during hydrothermal alteration indicate that this process has a significant petroleum potential.
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Jiménez, Oscar Pindado, Rosa M. Pérez Pastor, and Olga Escolano Segovia. "An analytical method for quantifying petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in soils, and its associated uncertainties." Anal. Methods 6, no. 15 (2014): 5527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00097h.
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Bojesen-Koefoed, Jørgen A., and H. Peter Nytoft. "Petroleum geochemistry of the deepened Lopra-1/1A re-entry well, Faroe Islands." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 9 (May 31, 2006): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v9.4860.
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The Lopra-1/1A re-entry well was drilled as a stratigraphic test with no immediate exploration objectives. Hence, petroleum geochemical studies were of limited extent, and restricted to non-destructive analyses. The presence of natural petroleum hydrocarbons could not be confirmed with certainty, but hydrocarbons extracted from the hydrochloric acid solute of a calcite vug present in RSWC #1 (3543 m), may represent indigenous petroleum since hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions have been reported from the same sample. These hydrocarbons show some similarities to petroleum generated from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Kimmeridge Clay type source rocks present in surrounding areas. Except for this sample, the results generally show the presence of a variety of contaminants of different origins such as ‘naturally greasy fingers’ (squalene and cholesterol), cosmetics such as chap stick or hand lotion (e.g. esters such as butyl-stearate, stearyl-palmitate, vitamin A), plasticisers (phthalates), diesel oil and ‘pipe dope’.
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Agrawal, Ishita. "Oil Degrading Bacteria: Remediation of Environmental Pollution Resulting from Petroleum Hydrocarbons." Biotechnology Kiosk 2, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37756/bk.20.2.10.1.
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It is widely known that petroleum hydrocarbons constitute one of the most hazardous pollutants that affect human and environmental health. The ongoing research on bioremediation with petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria has shown tremendous promise of the technology due to its advantages of high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. To this end, studies have been carried out to identify a large amount of bacterial species with petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading ability for applications in bioremediation. Here, we present a brief perspective of some of the notable advances in oil degrading bacteria and the remedial actions for decontamination of water and soil along with recovering the spilled materials at oil sites.
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Wang, Xin Xin, Chen Li, Li Bin Zhao, Liang Wu, Wei An, and Yu Chen. "Diversity of Culturable Hydrocarbons-Degrading Bacteria in Petroleum-Contaminated Saltern." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.29.
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Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in contaminated salterns has attracted increasing attention. However, the diversity of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria in such environments was still poorly understood. A total of 14 bacteria were isolated from a petroleum-contaminated saltern, which could grow in 3% NaCl. Especially, 2 isolates can survive in 20% NaCl. In addition, all isolates degraded petroleum. However, only 12, 8 and 3 isolates degraded phenanthrene, pyrene and n-Hexadecane, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates belonged to the generaAchromobacter,Rhodococcus,Mycobacteriumi,Dietzia,Sphingobium,Pseudomonas,Ochrobactrum,Bacillu,Rhizobium,Halomonas,Idiomarina,ChromohalobacterandMarinobacter. Hydrocarbon-degrading activity ofAchromobacter pulmonis,Bacillus persicus,Rhizobium helanshanense,Halomonas xianhensisandIdiomarina loihiensisin petroleum-contaminated saltern was reported for the first time.
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Borazjani, S., D. Kulikowski, K. Amrouch, and P. Bedrikovetsky. "Composition changes of hydrocarbons during secondary petroleum migration." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17127.
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We investigate secondary migration of hydrocarbons with significant composition difference between the source and oil pools in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin, Australia. The secondary migration period is significantly shorter than the time of the hydrocarbon pulse generation, so neither adsorption nor dispersion of components can explain the concentration difference. The filtration coefficients, obtained from oil compositions in source rock (Patchawarra Formation) and in the reservoir (Poolowanna Formation and Hutton Sandstone), monotonically increase as carbon number increases. The monotonicity takes place for heavy hydrocarbons (n > 10). Loss of monotonicity for light and intermediate hydrocarbons can be explained by their evaporation into the gas phase. The evaporation of light and intermediate hydrocarbons into the gas phase is supported by their concentrations in oil, which are higher in source rock than in trapped reservoir oil. The paper proposes deep bed filtration of hydrocarbons with component kinetic retention by the rock. Introduction of the component capture rate into the mass balance transport equation allows matching the concentration difference, and the tuned filtration coefficients are in the common range. The results suggest that deep bed filtration controls the final reservoir oil composition during secondary migration in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin petroleum system, which was not previously considered.
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UZAIR, B., M. MUNIR, S. TASSADAQ, S. KHAN, and B. A. KHAN. "BACTERIA-MEDIATED DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS: AN OVERVIEW." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 46, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2016.345.
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One of the major environmental problems is hydrocarbon pollution. Hydrocarbons are mostly the result of petroleum based activities. Anthropogenic activities, natural seepage and accidental spills are of particular interest in the environmental quality. The health effects of these chemicals are widely known. In the hour of alarming pollution by these hydrocarbons, a newer, cheaper, and safer technology is needed for cleanup, moving beyond the conventional mechanical and chemical methods, which are not only expensive but ineffective also. Bioremediation is a promising technology, functioning on complete mineralization of contaminants by the diverse metabolic processes owned by microorganisms. Many indigenous and genetically modified bacteria are capable of crude oil degradation. This paper presents an updated overview of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by bacteria.
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Svarovskaya, L. I., and L. K. Altunina. "Biodestruction of Petroleum Hydrocarbons." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj555.
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Biodegradation of light and high-viscosity oils by hydrocarbon-oxidizing microflora has been studied. Microflora was isolated from the formation waters recovered from West Siberian and “White Tiger” (Vietnam) oil fields. To activate microorganisms one used the solution of IKhN-KA system containing a multi-component nitrogenous nutrient substrate. Under the condition of active development of microorganisms during 5 days of biodegradation the concentration of n-alkanes C10-C32 in light oils decreased by 70-85 % and that of viscous oil – by 86-93 %. Destruction of mono-aromatic compounds accounted for 55-65 % and that of aromatic compounds of naphthalene series – 70-90 %. The content of methyl- and<br />trimethyl phenanthrenes decreased 3 times. Therefore a degree of oil destruction depends on nutrient substrates, which stimulate biochemical processes of vital activity.
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Mostafa, Aya A., Ahmad K. Hegazy, Nermen H. Mohamed, Rehab M. Hafez, Ehab Azab, Adil A. Gobouri, Hosam A. Saad, Azza M. Abd-El Fattah, and Yasser M. Mustafa. "Potentiality of Azolla pinnata R. Br. for Phytoremediation of Polluted Freshwater with Crude Petroleum Oil." Separations 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8040039.
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The pollution of freshwater resources with crude petroleum oil is a major environmental issue in oil-producing countries. As a result, the remediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems using eco-friendly and cost-effective technology is receiving increased global attention. In this study, the ability of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to remediate petroleum-polluted freshwater was assessed. The remediation potentiality was determined by evaluating the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (TPH%) and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. TPH% was estimated gravimetrically, and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic fractions were measured using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results reveal that A. pinnata has the potential to phytoremediate freshwater polluted with low levels (up to 0.5 g/L) of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). After seven days of phytoremediation, the degradation rate of total PHs was 92% in the planted treatment compared with 38% in the unplanted positive control. The highest breakdown of PHs for the normal paraffinic saturated hydrocarbon fraction occurred in the presence of A. pinnata combined with Anabena azollaea (A-A), which showed a moderate degradation capacity toward total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicate that A. pinnata effectively removed C18, a saturated PH, and acenaphthene (Ace), an aromatic PH. Therefore, this study suggests that A. pinnata is a useful tool for the remediation of freshwaters contaminated with low pollution levels of crude oil.
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Zhang, Z. Z., S. M. Su, Y. J. Luo, and M. Lu. "Improvement of natural microbial remediation of petroleum-polluted soil using graminaceous plants." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 1025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.081.
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A 150-day pot experiment was conducted with graminaceous plants grown in natural soil contaminated with petroleum. The relationships among microbial activity, dehydrogenase activity, catalase activity, soil moisture, and the petroleum degradation rate were analyzed. All three plants accelerated the degradation of petroleum compared with unplanted soil. Plant roots improved the soil moisture by about 5% (from 15% in unplanted soil to 20% in soil containing plant roots), and the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere increased by more than three orders of magnitude. The induction of the rhizosphere environment and the intimidation of the petroleum changed the abundance and activity of the microorganisms. Dehydrogenase activity in the rhizosphere was 1.54 to 1.87 times the value in the unplanted soil, but catalase activity was 0.90 to 0.93 times the value in unplanted soil. The petroleum degradation rates in the rhizosphere were 2.33 to 3.19 times higher than in the unplanted soil. The effect of rhizosphere degradation clearly changed the hydrocarbon composition, increasing the degradation of alkane hydrocarbons with low and moderate carbon contents. The rhizosphere environment promoted degradation of the high-carbon-content hydrocarbons into low-carbon-content hydrocarbons. At the same time, the Pr/nC17, Ph/nC18, and Pr/Ph values increased by 0.99 and 2.69 units, and decreased by 1.25 units, respectively, compared with the undegraded oil. The plants also accelerated the isomerization of alkane hydrocarbons.
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Ma, Zhen Min, Yun Yun Luo, Yun Zhi Fang, and Yu Song Hou. "Hydrogeochemical Mechanism of the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution in Karst Fissure Groundwater System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.159.
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The research of hydrogeochemical mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbon in karst fissure groundwater system is important to predict the trend of petroleum hydrocarbons and the change of groundwater environment. We take the karst fissure water system as the research object, where there is a refinery. The variation of SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, HS- can be used as a hydrogeochemical sign of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution by analyzing the change of water quality parameters before and after karst fissure water contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. It has been also analyzed systematically that hydrogeochemical mechanism including desulfurization, denigration and ion exchange happen during the pollution process in the karst fissure water system. It is pointed out that the human activities have a great impact on the groundwater and changes of environment.
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Bouwer, E. J., C. T. Chen, and Y. H. Li. "Transformation of a Petroleum Mixture in Biofilms." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1992): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0444.
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Petroleum hydrocarbons from a lagoon storing waste oil in New Jersey have contaminated underlying soil and groundwater. Biofilm column studies were performed to investigate biotransformation of the petroleum mixture under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The waste oil at concentrations ranging between 10 and 100 mg/L was continuously applied to glass bead columns that resembled porous media. The majority of the alkylbenzenes and polynuclear aromatic compounds identified in the oil mixture were simultaneously biotransformed by aerobic biofilms within a 2-hour hydraulic residence time. In a methanogenic biofilm column with 2-day hydraulic residence time, the mixture of hydrocarbons was initially removed by sorption with complete breakthrough occurring after 300 days of operation. After 600 days, the methanogenic biofilm acclimated to several of the specific hydrocarbon components, and effluent concentrations decreased due to apparent biotransformation. Radiotracer studies with toluene, naphthalene, and 2-methyl-naphthalene indicated partial mineralization to CO2 under both aerobic and methanogenic conditions. Reaction rates observed in the laboratory biofilms indicate that biotransformation could be an effective process to control hydrocarbon contamination in the environment.
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Chukwu, U. J., I. P. Okoye, and E. I. Awosu. "Impact of acid activated Bentonites on foster swelling capacity and sorption dynamics of hydrocarbons, phenol and water." Scientia Africana 20, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i1.9.
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The successful protonation of the dissociable 𝐻 + from different organic acids (with varying alkyl chains) to supplant sodium ions in the inter layers of bentonites resulting in increased surface area has been carried out. The resultant materials were characterized using foster swelling and adsorption capacity techniques. Results show that the foster capacities of acid activated bentonites were greater than the un-activated bentonite (UAB) upon interaction with petroleum hydrocarbons. The bentonite activated with the organic acid having the most alkyl chain, hexanoic acid activated bentonite (HAAB) showed high affinity for all petroleum hydrocarbons. This demonstrates the hydrophilicity of UAB and upon activation, the hydrophobic properties of HAAB. The adsorption capacity result records that bentonites and HAAB adsorbed more petroleum hydrocarbon solvents than other lower alkyl chain acid activated bentonites and UAB. This study shows that HAAB is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of hydrocarbons from industrial wastes.
Keywords: Acid Activated Bentonite, Foster Swelling, Adsorption Capacity, Organic Acids, Phenol
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Klein, Andrew G., Stephen T. Sweet, Terry L. Wade, José L. Sericano, and Mahlon C. Kennicutt. "Spatial patterns of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the terrestrial environment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 24, no. 5 (July 4, 2012): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000429.
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AbstractFossil fuels are used throughout the United States Antarctic Program. Accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons are the leading source of environmental contamination. Since 1999 McMurdo Station has been the site of the most extensive environmental monitoring programme in Antarctica. Nearly 2500 surface soil samples were collected from 1999–2007 to determine the spatial “footprint” of petroleum hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured using a high-resolution capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection. Three distinct TPH patterns were detected: low molecular weight gasoline/JP5/AN8, residual weathered petroleum and an unresolved complex mixture of high molecular weight material. Overall TPH concentrations were low with 38% of the samples having TPH concentrations below 30 ppm and 58% below 100 ppm. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above 30 ppm are largely confined to the central portions of the station, along roads and in other areas where elevated TPH would be expected. Peripheral areas typically have TPH concentrations below 15 ppm. Areas of elevated TPH concentrations are patchy and of limited spatial extent, seldom extending over distances of 100 m. This environmental monitoring programme is ongoing and can serve as an example to other Antarctic programmes concerned with monitoring environmental impacts.
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Minnikova, Tatiana, Sergey Kolesnikov, Tatiana Minkina, and Saglara Mandzhieva. "Assessment of Ecological Condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons during Application of Bioremediation Agents of Various Natures." Land 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020169.
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Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination disrupts ecological and agricultural soil functions. For their restoration, bioremediation agents of various natures are used (nonorganic or organic fertilizers, bacterial preparations, adsorbing agents) featuring different remediation mechanisms (adsorption or biostimulation of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition). The objective of this research is the assessment of the ecological condition of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated Haplic Chernozem Calcic after the application of bioremediation agents of various natures. The influence of glauconite, nitroammophos, sodium humate, the bacterial preparation “Baikal EM-1”, and biochar on the intensity of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition and the ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was analyzed. The ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was assessed based on the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and the following biological parameters: changes in the number of soil bacteria, activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, soil respiration (CO2 emission), germinating ability, lengths of roots and shoots, and integrated index of the biological state. The minimum concentrations of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in soil were observed after the use of biochar (44% from initial content) and glauconite (49%). The biological properties of soils were affected in different ways. Soil respiration was stimulated by 3-6-fold after adding nitroammophos. Indices for the intensity of the early growth and germination of radish in soil with glauconite, sodium humate, and biochar were increased by 37–125% (p < 0.01) compared with the reference value. After the application of biochar, sodium humate, and “Baikal EM-1”, the number of soil bacteria was 66–289% higher (p < 0.01) than the reference value. At the same time, the activities of catalase and dehydrogenases were inhibited by up to 35% in variants with bioremediation agents and petroleum hydrocarbons relative to the reference values. The maximum stimulation of the biological activity (as the integrated index of the biological state (IISB)) of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was observed after applying sodium humate and biochar, with 70 and 66% (p < 0.01) increases from the reference value, respectively. Considering the net cost of bioremediation agents, the maximum cost efficiency is achieved with “Baikal EM-1”, sodium humate, and biochar: 110, 527, and 847 USD·103/ha, respectively. After using Baikal EM-1”, sodium humate, and biochar, the ecological state of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was restored.
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Song, Xue Ying, Ru Jing Liang, Yu Shuang Li, Xin Xin Li, and Xiao Jun Hu. "Composting Study of Petroleum Contaminated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.67.
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Composting has been shown to be an effective bioremediation technique for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In this research, the major objective of this research was to find the appropriate mix ratio of organic amendments for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons during diesel oil contaminated soil composting. The spent mushroom was added as an amendment for supplementing organic matter for composting of contaminated soil. The volumn ratios of contaminated soil to organic amendments were 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1. Target contaminant of this research was diesel oil, which was spiked at 16240 mg/kg sample on a dry weight basis. The degradation of diesel oil was significantly enhanced by the addition of these organic amendments relative to straight soil control. Degradation rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were the greatest at the ratio of 1:1 of contaminated soil to organic amendments on the volumn ratio. The abiotic loss of TPH was only about 6.83% of initial TPH.
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Atlas, Ronald M. "Fate of Petroleum Pollutants in Arctic Ecosystems." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0016.
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Both experimental oil release field studies, in Arctic tundra, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and follow-up studies after Arctic and subarctic oil spillages indicate long persistence times for hydrocarbon contaminants and slow rates of microbial biodegradation. The slow rates of petroleum biodegradation in Arctic ecosystems are not due to a lack of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms since virtually all Arctic ecosystems contain numbers of naturally occurring populations of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, and generally numbers of hydrocarbon degraders increase following addition of oil. Low temperatures alone also can not explain the limited rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Rather the limitation to microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Arctic ecosystems appears to be due to the combination of several factors, including the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen. Although the potential for hydrocarbon degradation exists, the actual rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in Arctic ecosystems are slow; microbial hydrocarbon degradation can decontaminate Arctic ecosystems but the time frame after a major spillage will be decades rather than years.
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Rusakov, Nikolay V., M. A. Vodyanova, N. Yu Starodubova, and L. G. Donerian. "METHODOLOGICAL AND CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS OF OIL POLLUTION IN SOIL." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (March 27, 2019): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-929-933.
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The relevance of the normalization of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is due, inter alia, to their ubiquity. Negative impacts on soil cover, atmospheric air, surface and groundwaters, ecological systems and public health are noted at all stages of development of oil fields - from drilling to industrial processing, liquidation of equipment and delivery to the consumer. In addition, various technologies for the destruction of oil contamination (re-cultivation, sanitation, etc.) are actively being developed, but they are not widely used, because there is no norm for a safe level of their content for humans and environmental objects. The article deals with problems of hygienic regulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Methods are presented for the quantitative determination of oil and oil products in soil, as well as conceptual issues in the system for estimating oil as a soil pollutant. The subordinate legislation, taking into account the lists of pollutants, in respect of which state regulation measures in the field of environmental protection are applied, are sanctified. Toxic oxygen-containing products are shown to be formed asa result of the transformation of the hydrocarbon component of the component composition of the oil. Threshold concentrations of the safe content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil in a vegetation experiment (500 mg/kg), water migration - 10,000 mg/kg and a total of 21,000 mg/kg were determined. Priority directions of research on the establishment of a safe level of oil hydrocarbon contamination in the soil according to the airborne migration index of harmfulness, as well as the quantitative determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in agricultural plants are indicated.
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Chen, Chaoqun, Qigang Jiang, Zhenchao Zhang, Pengfei Shi, Yan Xu, Bin Liu, Jing Xi, and ShouZhi Chang. "Hyperspectral Inversion of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contents in Soil Based on Continuum Removal and Wavelet Packet Decomposition." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104218.
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Hyperspectral remote sensing is widely used to detect petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in soil monitoring. Different spectral pretreatment methods seriously affect the prediction and analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon contents (PHCs). This study adopted a combined spectral data preprocessing technique that improves the prediction accuracy of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. We combined continuum removal and wavelet packet decomposition (CR–Daubechies 3 (db3)) to process the hyperspectral reflectance data of 26 soil samples in the oil production work area in China and judged the correlation between spectral reflectance and petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Partial least squares regression was used to construct an optimal model for the inversion of PHCs in soil and the leave-one-out cross-validation was used to select the best factor number. The best model of soil petroleum hydrocarbon inversion was determined by comprehensively comparing the initial spectrum, db3 to high-frequency spectrum, db3 to low-frequency spectrum, after-continuum removal spectrum, CR-db3 to high-frequency spectrum, and CR-db3 to low-frequency spectrum comprehensively. The main contributions of this study are as follows: (1) three-layer decomposition with CR-db3 can improve the correlation between spectral reflectance and PHCs and effectively improve the sensitivity of the spectrum to PHCs; (2) the prediction accuracy of the high-frequency spectrum of wavelet packet decomposition for PHCs in soil is higher than that of low-frequency information; (3) the proposed petroleum hydrocarbon prediction model based on CR-db3 processed spectra to obtain high-frequency information is optimal (coefficient of determination = 0.977, root mean square error of calibration = 3.078, root mean square error of cross-validation = 4.727, root mean square error of prediction = 4.498, ratio of performance to deviation = 6.12).
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Parinos, C., A. Gogou, I. Bouloubassi, R. Pedrosa-Pàmies, I. Hatzianestis, A. Sànchez-Vidal, G. Rousakis, D. Velaoras, G. Krokos, and V. Lykousis. "Occurrence, sources and transport pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2012): 17999–8038. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-17999-2012.
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Abstract. Surface sediments collected from deep basins (22 stations, 1018–4087 m depth) of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) were analyzed for aliphatic, triterpenoid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as tracers of natural and anthropogenic inputs. Concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAHC), n-alkanes (NA) and the Unresolved Complex Mixture (UCM) of aliphatic hydrocarbons ranged from 1.34 to 49.2 µg g−1, 145 to 4810 ng g−1 and 0.73 to 36.7 µg g−1, respectively, while total PAHs (TPAH25) concentrations ranged from 11.6 to 223 ng g−1. Molecular profiles of aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs reflect the contribution of both natural (epicuticular plant waxes) and anthropogenic (degraded petroleum products, unburned fossil fuels and combustion of petroleum, grass, wood and coal) compounds in deep EMS sediments, with hydrocarbon mixtures displaying significant regional variability. Hydrocarbon concentrations correlated significantly with the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of sediments, indicating that organic carbon exerts an important control on their transport and fate in the study area, while strong sub-basin and mesoscale variability of water masses also impact their regional characteristics. Major findings of this study support that deep basins/canyons of the EMS could act as traps of both natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons.
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Perdigão, Rafaela, C. Marisa R. Almeida, Filipa Santos, Maria F. Carvalho, and Ana P. Mucha. "Optimization of an Autochthonous Bacterial Consortium Obtained from Beach Sediments for Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons." Water 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010066.
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Oil spill pollution remains a serious concern in marine environments and the development of effective oil bioremediation techniques are vital. This work is aimed at developing an autochthonous hydrocarbon-degrading consortium with bacterial strains with high potential for hydrocarbons degradation, optimizing first the growth conditions for the consortium, and then testing its hydrocarbon-degrading performance in microcosm bioremediation experiments. Bacterial strains, previously isolated from a sediment and cryopreserved in a georeferenced microbial bank, belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Acinetobacter. Microcosms were assembled with natural seawater and petroleum, for testing: natural attenuation (NA); biostimulation (BS) (nutrients addition); bioaugmentation with inoculum pre-grown in petroleum (BA/P) and bioaugmentation with inoculum pre-grown in acetate (BA/A). After 15 days, a clear blending of petroleum with seawater was observed in BS, BA/P and BA/A but not in NA. Acetate was the best substrate for consortium growth. BA/A showed the highest hydrocarbons degradation (66%). All bacterial strains added as inoculum were recovered at the end of the experiment. This study provides an insight into the capacity of autochthonous communities to degrade hydrocarbons and on the use of alternative carbon sources for bacterial biomass growth for the development of bioremediation products to respond to oil spills.
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Charles, Oraegbunam, and Ngobiri Nnaemeka. "Adsorption of Petroleum Fractions on Organo-Modified Calcium Bentonite." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 03 (March 22, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535//ijsrm/v8i03.c01.
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This work aims to obtain an organoclay from a local Nigerian bentonite with Cetyl trimetyl-Ammonium bromide (CTAB), a quaternary ammonium compound which possesses surfactant properties. The studied natural bentonite (calcium bentonite) was obtained from Anambra state and modified with CTAB via impregnation techniques. Modification was achieved by varying the concentration of the modifier from 0.02 - 0.15mol/L. Adsorption test was carried out using Water, Petrol (PMS), Kerosene (DPK) and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) on both modified and unmodified bentonite. The result showed that unmodified bentonite adsorbed more water than hydrocarbons while Modified bentonite adsorbed more hydrocarbons than water. The result also shows that the amount of each hydrocarbon adsorbed increases with an increase in the concentration of the modifier with a subsequent decrease in the amount of water adsorbed. This indicates that the modified bentonite was now organophilic. Therefore, this research shows that the bentonite modified with CTAB can be used in oil spill remediation and also to mop up hydrocarbons from the Environment.
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Eze, Michael O. "Metagenome Analysis of a Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Consortium Reveals the Specific Roles of BTEX Biodegraders." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010098.
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Environmental contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is of concern due to the carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity of these compounds. Successful bioremediation of organic contaminants requires bacterial populations with degradative capacity for these contaminants. Through successive enrichment of microorganisms from a petroleum-contaminated soil using diesel fuel as the sole carbon and energy source, we successfully isolated a bacterial consortium that can degrade diesel fuel hydrocarbons. Metagenome analysis revealed the specific roles of different microbial populations involved in the degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), and the metabolic pathways involved in these reactions. One hundred and five putative coding DNA sequences were identified as responsible for both the activation of BTEX and central metabolism (ring-cleavage) of catechol and alkylcatechols during BTEX degradation. The majority of the Coding DNA sequences (CDSs) were affiliated to Acidocella, which was also the dominant bacterial genus in the consortium. The inoculation of diesel fuel contaminated soils with the consortium resulted in approximately 70% hydrocarbon biodegradation, indicating the potential of the consortium for environmental remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Yousefi, Kimiya, Ali Mohebbi, and John Pichtel. "Biodegradation of Weathered Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Organic Waste Amendments." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6620294.
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Extraction, transport, and processing of petroleum products have resulted in inadvertent contamination of soil. Various technologies have been proposed for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants, including biological techniques. Treatment of aged (weathered) petroleum compounds is challenging, as these wastes tend to be enriched with recalcitrant hydrocarbons. The purpose of the reported study was to investigate remediation of weathered petroleum via simulated landfarming using selected soil amendments. Soil contaminated by aged crude petroleum from well fields in the southern Zagros region in Iran was treated in combination with plant compost, papermill sludge, activated carbon, and molasses. Over 15 weeks, the greatest percentage removal (40%) of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) occurred in the molasses treatment, followed by a 29% reduction in the plant compost treatment. The degradation constant (k), produced by a kinetic model, demonstrated the performance of the molasses over the other treatments applied; experimental data adequately fitted into first-order kinetics (k = 0.005 d−1, t½ = 71 d). Benzene decomposition was greatest (77 and 74%) in the molasses and activated carbon treatments, respectively, and was lowest in the papermill sludge treatment (41%). FTIR analysis revealed loss of benzene in all treatments. Bacterial counts were highest (4.9 × 106 CFU/g) in the plant compost treatment and lowest (1 × 105 CFU/g) in the untreated oil-contaminated soil. Based on the findings of the current study, it is possible to successfully conduct landfarming of aged petroleum deposits; however, it is recommended that common and inexpensive amendments such as molasses and plant compost be used when feasible.
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Myazin, Vladimir A., Maria V. Korneykova, Alexandra A. Chaporgina, Nadezhda V. Fokina, and Galina K. Vasilyeva. "The Effectiveness of Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation and Sorption-Biological Treatment of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Products in the Russian Subarctic." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081722.
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The effectiveness of different bioremediation methods (biostimulation, bioaugmentation, the sorption-biological method) for the restoration of soil contaminated with petroleum products in the Russian Subarctic has been studied. The object of the study includes soil contaminated for 20 years with petroleum products. By laboratory experiment, we established five types of microfungi that most intensively decompose petroleum hydrocarbons: Penicillium canescens st. 1, Penicillium simplicissimum st. 1, Penicillum commune, Penicillium ochrochloron, and Penicillium restrictum. One day after the start of the experiment, 6 to 18% of the hydrocarbons decomposed: at 3 days, this was 16 to 49%; at 7 days, 40 to 73%; and at 10 days, 71 to 87%. Penicillium commune exhibited the greatest degrading activity throughout the experiment. For soils of light granulometric composition with a low content of organic matter, a more effective method of bioremediation is sorption-biological treatment using peat or granulated activated carbon: the content of hydrocarbons decreased by an average of 65%, which is 2.5 times more effective than without treatment. The sorbent not only binds hydrocarbons and their toxic metabolites but is also a carrier for hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and prevents nutrient leaching from the soil. High efficiency was noted due to the biostimulation of the native hydrocarbon-oxidizing microfungi and bacteria by mineral fertilizers and liming. An increase in the number of microfungi, bacteria and dehydrogenase activity indicate the presence of a certain microbial potential of the soil and the ability of the hydrocarbons to produce biochemical oxidation. The use of the considered methods of bioremediation will improve the ecological state of the contaminated area and further the gradual restoration of biodiversity.
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Golovko, A. K., V. F. Kamyanov, and I. G. Shabotkin. "Initiated Low-Temperature Cracking of Ozonizated Petroleum and Heavy Petroleum Ends." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj597.
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New way to produce greater amounts of distillate motor fuels from crude petroleums, petroleum residues and natural bitumens by an ozonization of raw material followed with thermal treatment of the product formed under the conditions similar to ones characteristic of common petroleum atmospheric rectification process is proposed. About half of heavy petroleum components boiling above 350°C can be converted<br />into light hydrocarbons constituting the gasoline and diesel fractions and total yield of the lasts can be accordingly increased by means of described new method of oil processing. Ultimate products contain up<br />to 16 wt.% olefins and lesser amounts of sulfur compounds and have noticeably improved principal operational properties in comparison with analogues straight-run motor petroleum distillates.
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Putilina, V. S., I. V. Galitskaya, and T. I. Yuganova. "Plume of oil metabolites in groundwater: formation, evolution, and toxicity." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019138-45.
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The transformation of oil hydrocarbons in groundwater is mainly related to the processes of biodegradation. At sites where residual crude oil or petroleum hydrocarbon fuel contaminants are present in the environment, biodegradation reactions result in the formation of partial oxidation products, i.e., metabolites. These transformation products are more soluble than the parent petroleum hydrocarbons, due to their greater polarity and corresponding low volatility. Transformation products from residual source zones are distributed in aqueous phase to form a plume of contamination in groundwater. The content of metabolites depends on the redox conditions and the presence of the terminal electron acceptors, as well as on the structure of the original hydrocarbon compounds. The article considers the conditions for formation of metabolites, their degradation, migration to groundwater and plume formation, toxicity of metabolites. Examples of modeling the migration of metabolites in the saturated zone are given.
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Li, Yu Shuang, Xiao Jun Hu, Ji Song Yang, Xue Ying Song, Yong Xia Hou, and Hong Liang Chen. "Simulated Study on the Migration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Soil." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2802.
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Spills and leaks of petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel, motor oils, and similar materials have caused widespread contamination in the environment. The migration and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the vertical and horizontal profiles of soil were studied by the stimulating experiment. Results showed that the soil pollutions could diffuse in vertical and horizontal directions after petroleum hydrocarbons leaks. The petroleum hydrocarbons mainly spread vertically in the soil and the horizontally migration was relatively slowly. The migration distances were increased with a logarithmic growth dependence on the time both in horizontal and in vertical direction.
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Dudkin, D. V., M. G. Kul’kov, E. N. Shestakova, A. A. Yakubenok, and A. A. Novikov. "Mechanochemical conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 48, no. 2 (May 2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-012-0350-3.
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Varjani, Sunita J. "Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons." Bioresource Technology 223 (January 2017): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.037.
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VOROBEVA, N., Z. ZEMSKOVA, T. PEKH, and A. PETROV. "Diterpenoid tetracyclic hydrocarbons of petroleum☆." Petroleum Chemistry U.S.S.R. 26, no. 2 (1986): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-6458(86)90058-4.
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Fam, S. A., and M. M. A. El-Sukkary. "Surfactants from Petroleum Naphthenic Hydrocarbons." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 22, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1985-220511.
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Lobakova, E. S., G. A. Dolnikova, E. A. Ivanova, D. A. Sanjieva, A. A. Burova, Kh S. Dzhabrailova, and A. G. Dedov. "Community of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria in Petroleum Products on the example of Ts-1 Aviation Fuel and AI-95 Gasoline." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 1 (2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-1-54-68.
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It has been shown that the studied petroleum products (kerosene and gasoline) contain microflocules of heterogeneous microbial biofilms, the cells of which are integrated into a polymer matrix containing acidic polysaccharides. Thirteen bacterial strains were microbiologically isolated from petroleum products, and their taxonomy was identified by the 16S rRNA sequence. Kerosene was characterized by a diverse bacterial composition including the following genera: Sphingobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus and Deinococcus, while gasoline bacterial community included only two genera: Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Representatives of the Deinococcus genera capable of growing on the hydrocarbons were isolated from fuels for the first time. The strains isolated from gasoline (Bacillus safensis Bi13 and Bacillus sp. Bi14) proved to be the most effective biodegraders of all n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the kerosene strain Rhodococcus erythropolis Bi6 effectively decomposed n-alkanes and trimethylbenzene. Both types of petroleum products contained hydrocarbon-oxidizing communities, some members of which were more active in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, while others were capable of producing biosurfactants and had either emulsifying activity (Deinococcus sp. Bi7) or cell wall hydrophobicity (Sphingobacterium sp. Bi5 from kerosene; Bacillus pumilus Bi12 from gasoline) significantly higher than the average level. The indicated properties of the studied strains make them promising for use in bioremediation. biodegradation, petroleum products, hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, bio-surfactants The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic no. 10.5422.2017/8.9.). Investigation of microbial potential in the use hydrocarbons was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no. 18-29-05067. Physicochemical research was performed within the framework of the state assignment to the TIPS RAS
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Neverova, N. V., and A. V. Chupakov. "Estimation of hydrocarbon accumulation by hydrobionts in the estuary of the Northern Dvina River." Marine Biological Journal 3, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.3.04.
Full textAbstract:
The article contains the results of the research of the content of a mass fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in the bottom layer of water as well as in sediment and tissues of bivalves sampled in the estuarial of the Northern Dvina River during 2009–2016 in the seasons of the highest filtration activity of mollusks. Accumulation levels of petroleum hydrocarbons in water, sediments and tissues of bivalves in the Northern Dvina estuary were estimated. Dependence between petroleum hydrocarbons accumulation level in bivalves’ tissues and pollution level of their habitat was studied. Quantitation of petroleum hydrocarbons content in the tissues of bivalves, in the bottom layer of water and sediments was carried out by fluorometric method. It is found that the mass fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in the tissues of bivalves didn’t exceed the level for relatively clean water in all studied areas of the river. Considering the mass fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of the Northern Dvina estuary, it can be attributed mostly to the uncontaminated and slightly contaminated areas, except for local areas of the river within the city limits. In the bottom layer of water in the studied region, the content of the mass fraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons exceeds the state standards in some sampling points. It is concluded that further comprehensive analysis of biotic and abiotic factors is needed to study complex environmental gradients.