Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)'
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Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10268.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Residential heating, vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke and industrial activities are the main sources of P AH in the environ ment. Sorne of these PAH are suspected or known carcinogens to humans like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which causes DNA damage. Most studies focused on the effect of individual P AH whereas human exposure al ways occurs through complex mixtures. This work aims at evaluating the modulation in vitro of the genotoxicity of P AH in mixtures, using in a cellular model of human hepatocytes (HepG2). To achieve this goal, biomarkers of genotoxicity such as the cornet assay measuring DNA strand breaks, and the HPLC/MS/MS measurement of DNA adducts of BPDE, the most reactive BaP metabolite, were chosen. Ln a first step, DNA damage induced by BaP as a pure compound or in binary mixture with other particulate P AH were investigated in order to higltlight the mode of interaction between these compounds. This study was then extended, in one hand to real atmospheric mixtures collected in the environment or inside industrial plants, and in another hand to the reconstructed corresponding particulate P AH fraction. Ln a last more applied part, suitability of those in vitro tests for the monitoring of the genotoxic risk associated with ambient air. This work emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between compounds, as well as the necessity to use mathematical modelling as a tool in the assessment of human health hazards posed by exposure to ambient air
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456384.
Full textJouannin, Frédéric Barna Radu. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=jouannin.
Full textEom, Ig-Chum. "Ecotoxicité d'un sol de cokerie contaminé par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Eom.Ig_Chun.SMZ0608.pdf.
Full textA cokery soil polluted by PAHs was assessed for its toxicity and genotoxicity to soil and aquatic organisms. Total mean 16 PAH concentration was determined to 2634 241 mg/kg d. W. The heavy metals were in the range of the respective regional reference values. The effective concentration (EC) values based on concentration-response relationships were calculated. Toxicity of water extracts in chronic bioassays (algal growth and reproduction of C. Dubia) was high compared to acute toxicity (bacterial luminescence and daphnid viability). The Ames and Mutatox tests indicated mutagenicity of water extracts, while no response was found with the Umu test showing lower sensitivity. Germination of the tested plant species was not affected, contrary to plant growth. Fresh biomass was a more sensitive parameter than dry biomass. The results of terrestrial toxicity showed that toxic effect of contaminated soil was high, when survival and reproduction of collembola, reproduction of earthworm and survival of juvenile earthworm were measured. Different concentrations of the contaminated soil mixed with the artificial ISO or loamy natural soil were tested to determine influence of the control soil on toxicity. There was a significant trend that toxicity of contaminated soil was lower in the natural soil tested than in ISO, when reproduction of collembola and earthworm was studied. The transfer of PAHs from contaminated soil to biota (earthworm and plant) was inferior to 1, indicating no major problem in trophic chains. The earthworm bioaccumulation of high- molecular-weight PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was higher than the one of low-molecular-weight PAHs with 3-4 aromatic rings
Jayr, Emmanuel. "Devenir des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en milieu crayeux : sorption et biodégradation." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0036.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common pollutants in the soils of former coke facilities and MGP sites. In order to understand the behavior and the fate of those compounds in chalky soils, mobility and biodegradation processes were studied using soil material sampled at different depths on a coke plant site. Sorption processes were characterized under saturated conditions for three contaminants, naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrène, with two inorganic matrices, chalk and calcium carbonate. Study of kinetic reflects a very fast process with an irreversible retention of the compound in the solid matrices. P AH's biodegradation was tested in microcosms using C 14 phenanthrene and five soils with P AH's contents ranging from 1 to 300 mg/kg of dried soil. For this compound, the mineralisation is a rapid process, without latency state, reflecting the existence of an indigenous specific micro flora in chalky soils, fitted to degrade some PAH. The accounted total soil micro flora is abundant in any sampled soil reflecting an important microbial activity (109 to 10 10 UFC/g). In relation to an aggression of naphthalene and phenanthrene, the behavior of the indigenous microbial population was characterized. Bacteria are degrading in any soil sample. For those compounds, the accounted degrading micro flora is abundant ( 105 to 109 UFC/g of dried soil) showing that de graders are ubiquitous, and reflects the presence of a biodegradation potential at all different depths. The effect of sorption processes on biodegradation was studied in microcosm using C14 naphthalene and C14 phenanthrene. For those compounds, sorption affects the biodegradation with a decrease of kinetic, reflecting a decrease of pollutant accessibility for de graders. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the sorption and biodegradation processes occurring on site can reduce the pollutant mobility in a chalky environment
Frouin, Héloïse. "Aspects immunologiques et physiologiques des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) chez Mya arenaria." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 23 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en océanographie. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 58-67. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Jouannin, Frédéric. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil
Bonnard, Marc. "Relations "biodisponibilité-génotoxicité-écotoxicité" des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sols de friches industrielles." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ007S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work research was to show in formerly-contaminated coking plant soils a relationship between the bioavailability of soil pollutants (PAH and/or heavy metals), their genotoxicity and their populational effects in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. This study showed that despite a similar contamination studied soils exhibited a great difference in ecotoxicity to earthworms and other terrestrial organisms (plants, springtails). Differences in ecotoxicity of soils would be attributable to bioavailability of soil pollutants which is different between soils. This study also showed that thermal desorption applied on one of the contaminated soils increased bioavailability of heavy metals. Thermal desorption would modify 1) the nature and composition of soil organic matter, 2) the speciation of heavy metals, 3) links between soil organic matter and heavy metals, rendering them more bioavailable and genotoxic to earthworms. The biological-ecotoxicological approach, which takes into consideration the bioavailability of soil pollutants, reveals to be necessary in addition of the physico-chemical approach in the evaluation of 1) risks and 2) remediation efficiency of contaminated soils. This study also showed that the measure of DNA damage in coelomocytes of earthworms is a relevant biomarker in the evaluation of genotoxicity of soil pollutants. This biomarker of genotoxicity can be used as indicator of bioavailability of soil pollutants. It revealed more sensitive than survival and as sensitive as reproduction, which are classical endpoints measured in earthworms. This biomarker of genotoxicity could be used as early indicator of physiological disturbances, even if the mechanistic link between DNA damage and effects on reproduction require further studies
Perraudin, Emilie. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) adsorbés sur des particules modèles d'intérêt atmosphérique : mesures cinétiques, développements analytiques et analyse des produits d'oxydation." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12919.
Full textSoclo, Henri H. "Etude de la distribution des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sédiments récents : identification des sources." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10643.
Full textCrone, Magalie. "Diagnostic de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) a l'aide de la spectrophotométrie UV." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837762.
Full textPimsee, Pranudda. "Étude du comportement des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) lors du déversement accidentel d'hydrocarbures en eaux continentales." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12235/1/pimsee.pdf.
Full textVignet, Caroline. "Altération de la physiologie des poissons exposés à des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : comportement et reproduction." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS003/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are found in complex mixtures in the environment including aquatic ecosystems. They adsorb on particles, accumulate in sediment and in the first link of the food web. The aim of this study was to measure long term effects of PAHs contamination on a vertebrate model : the zebrafish. In a first study, embryos were exposed on natural sediment spiked with 3 individual PAH (phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) during the first four days of their development. In a second study, to evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal (5 days post fertilisation) until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAHs fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3X, 1X and 3X; with the 1X concentration being in the range of 4.6-6.7 μg.g-1 for total quantified PAHs). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions (a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Long term effects on growth, survival, reproduction and behavior were evaluated at different ages. Effects were observed at molecule, tissue, organ and individual scales. In general, for contaminated fish, growth was reduced, larval survival decreased in HO, and reproduction was strongly impaired at hormonal, tissue and phenotypic levels, and behavioral responses were lethargic or hyperactive depending on fractions and stages. Sediment exposure still revealed visible effects when fish were 6 month old. These results hereby showed significant late effects, especially in behavioral responses after an early exposure, including in larvae issued from contaminated fish. In spiked diets contaminated fish, we observed a gradation of effects. Combining all functions, we established of hierarchy in toxicity in the studied fractions: PY < LO ≈ HO. Finally, our results gathered at a multiscale from molecule, to tissue and individuals, indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish survival and recruitment into future generations
Goriaux, Mathieu. "Etude des artefacts de prélèvement et de la distribution gaz-particules des HAP [Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques]." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX11053.pdf.
Full textAtmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has been widely studied since several years because of their human health impact. Due to their physico-chemical properties, PAH in the atmosphere are present in particulate and gaseous phase. This gas-particle partitioning has a strong influence on PAH fate (degradation or deposition) and their health impact. So, for their study, a simultaneous samplig in the two atmospheric phases is necessary. In addition, the European Union (directive n°2004/107/CE) has recently decided that PAH should be monitored. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been chosen as tracer to represent this class of molecule. For both gas-particle partitioning study and for BaP monitoring, samplings are commonly carried out using high volume sampler. Unfortunately, several studies show that this kind of sampler induced sampling artefacts which could disturb the determination of the atmospheric concentrations in the two phases. The aim of this work is to improve the sampling procedure of PAH by the validation of a denuder sampler previously calibrated under laboratory conditions. In this goal several field campaigns were carried out to compare particulate phase sampling and gas-particle partioning with both conventional and denuder samplers. For concentrations in the particulate phase the results showed significant differences between the two samplers which could be important (up to a factor 10), especially for the most reactive PAH such as BaP. This could be the result of degradations occurring on the filter of the conventional sampler during sampling whereas the filter of the denuder sampler is protected from the oxidants by the denuder tube. The importance of the degradation artefact seems more linked to “the aged of particle” than to the concentrations of oxidant. On the other hand, no relevant differences were observed for the partition study of this kind of semi-volatil coumpounds between the two devices. Finally we conceived and realised an experimental device in order to study the reactivity of PAH occuring in the denuder tube during sampling. The study have been realised for naphthalene with ozone as oxidant
Crône, Magalie. "Diagnostic de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) à l'aide de la spectrophotométrie UV." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/77/62/PDF/2000_Crone_Magalie.pdf.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were produced by many pyrolitic or combustion processes. They were found in soils, often in high concentrations. Remediation of industrial sites contaminated by P AHs requires an initial diagnosis of the pollution. In this perspective, an analytical procedure based on UV spectrophotometry was developed and validated with about 80 soil samples. Different exploitation methods of the samples UV spectra enable to develop simple and rapid characterization tools. A PAH UV index is proposed for the estimation of global PAH concentration. A more accurate exploitation of the spectra gives an indication on the presence or the absence of some individual PAH like benzo[ a ]pyrene. A maturity index based on a two wavelength approach constitutes an indicator of the potential evolution of soil contamination in natural conditions. Laboratory methodology was adapted to field analysis and a test kit was designed for this purpose. The test duration is 20 minutes
Desbiens, Isabelle. "Caractérisation et distribution des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) particulaires et dissous dans le Saguenay (Québec, Canada)." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004.
Find full textMémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise ès sciences océanographie. Comprend un résumé. Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 juin 2006). CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. [100]-105. Parait aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Pichaud, Nicolas. "Effets biologiques d'une exposition par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sur une espèce bioindicatrice, Mya Arenaria." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2005.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 1er septembre 2006). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en océanographie. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 55-62. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Soclo, H. Henri. "Etude de la distribution des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sédiments récents identification des sources /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601268s.
Full textGabet, Sophie. "Remobilisation d'Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) présents dans les sols contaminés à l'aide d'un tensioactif d'origine biologique." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/412a6079-163b-42b4-a546-b6721490e642/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0016.pdf.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic pollutants released into the environment by combustion processes; Due to their high sorption capacity, soils constitute their main environmental sink. PAH are hydrophobic and weakly biodegradable, moreover they are toxic and considered as potent human carcinogen. Various technologies are used for the remediation of PAH-contaminated soils, but they are not cost effective and may be hazardous for the environment. Some recent studies suggest that the use of biosurfactants is a promising method that enhances the removal of PAHs from soils. This study investigates the properties and the impact of a new biosurfactant, on the mobilization of three PAH (fluorene, fluoranthene and pyrene). The biosurfactant seems to be weakly sorbed on the soil studied. Solubilizing effects have been studied by the Molar Solubilization Ratio (MSR). In the ternary mixture, the less hydrophobic PAH (fluorene) favors the micellar solubilization of the most hydrophobic one by decreasing interfacial tensions. The soil column studies revealed that the biosurfactant was rapidly efficient. Results obtained in dynamic studies were consistent with those obtained in static studies. This work also investigated the effect of the contamination level on PAH remobilization. The study reveals that PAH solubilization increases with the contamination level until micelle saturation. The percentage remobilized depends on the contaminant studied and the content of organic matter rate. As a matter of fact, for the soil containing the higher OM rate, remobilization follows physico-chemical properties of the PAH. For the soil containing less OM, the mineral fraction seems to play a significant role on PAH adsorption
Genies, Camille. "Génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en melanges, une classe majeure de polluants atmosphériques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV053/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) represent a family of ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants produced upon incomplete combustion and thus present in polluted atmosphere of the cities, in cigarette smoke and in certain industries. Exposure to HAP can cause lung, skin and bladder cancers. For this reason, some PAHs are suspected or recognized carcinogenic to humans, especially Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), through their ability at inducing the formation of DNA damage after metabolization. In spite of the systematic emission of PAHs in mixtures, the majority of the studies was interested in the genotoxic effect of pure PAH and mainly B[a]P. In order to provide mechanistic data on the genotoxicity and the mode of action of PAH mixtures, we designed an in vitro study using cell lines representative of lungs (A549), bladder (T24) and liver (HepG2). DNA damage was investigated through the quantification of adducts by HPLC-MS/MS and of oxidative damage by the Comet assay. In addition, the metabolism was studied by analyzing genes induction by RT-qPCR and enzymatic activities of phase I CYP540 (EROD) and phase II (GST). First, the use of B[a] P, as a reference compound showed a quasi-total absence of metabolization and genotoxicity for T24. In contrast, the formation of DNA adducts formation and the induction of metabolization was highlighted for A549, with a bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to those observed in other lungs models. Then we extended this approach to 12 priority PAH and analyzed their metabolization and the possible formation of adducts focusing on the pulmonary cell line A549. The combination of these HAP to B[a]P in binary mixtures or in complex mixtures representative to environmental exposures led to a strong inhibition in adducts formation induced by B[a]P without outbreak of adducts from other PAH. In addition, we observed, in the case of complex mixtures, a good correlation between the EROD activity and the formation of adducts in DNA, while phase I genes were always overexpressed after exposure to mixtures when compared to pure B[a]P. The mechanisms involved in the inhibition of DNA adducts remain to be elucidated but PAHs metabolization represents a key step in the mixtures genotoxicity through inhibition or competition of CYP resulting in an inhibition of EROD activity. It is thus clear that the study of the HAP in an individual way is not sufficient to understand the genotoxicity of complex mixtures. The TEF Approach, usually used to asses the risk related to PAH mixtures exposure, relies on toxic effects additivity and ignores metabolic interactions between the various PAH. The improvement of this prediction tool is essential and involves necessarily the study of the underlying mechanisms which connect mixtures composition, their metabolization and their genotoxicity
Dupuy, Joan. "Interactions entre les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et les plantes supérieures : prélèvement et réponses toxiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0299/document.
Full textIn Europe and France, the end of industrial activities associated to coal exploitation left numerous wastelands contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Rhizodegradation enables their remediation by using plants associated with microflora. However, the efficiency of this technique, demonstrated at the laboratory scale, is often limited in situ by high plant mortality or inhibited growth. Furthermore, the PAH uptake in plants may threaten the food chain. This work studied the interactions between maize, chosen as model plant, and PAH from industrial contaminated soils or from simplified model systems, i.e. sand spiked with phenanthrene. PAH uptake and their effect on the plant physiology were assessed using systems of increasing complexity, to solve questions raised at different scales, from the cell to the whole plant. Mechanisms involved in PAH uptake and translocation are proposed and the toxic responses of the plant are detailed. Results lead to a new hypothesis: PAH from the solid phase penetrate the roots by physical and direct contact and not only through uptake in pore water. Main arguments are: similar molecular distributions in soils and roots, low correlations between PAH concentrations in pore water and roots and overprediction of bioaccumulation by using predicting models based on root absorption in soil solution. Localization of PHE in roots using microscopic tools showed early suberisation of endoderm and exoderm in presence of PHE, even at low concentration (50 mg kg-1). Nutrient uptake seemed not affected but large elements accumulations and depletion were observed in aerial part of maize. These nutritional disruptions may affect plant functioning and consequently, decrease its growth or even cause its death
Mazeas, Olivier. "Evaluation de l'exposition des organismes aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans le milieu marin par le dosage des métabolites de HAP." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12945.
Full textIn order to study the health of a marine ecosystem and the toxic potential of a contamination such as the one related to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is necessary, in addition to the determination of environmental contamination levels, to have access to the fraction aquatic organisms have been exposed to and to identify the toxic effects of the contaminants (toxic effects which can be related to biotransformation phenomena of contaminants). The exposure and contamination of aquatic organisms to PAHs have generally been evaluated by the quantification of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues. However, this approach is open to criticism when taking into account the biotransformation capabilities of organisms such as vertebrates and the toxic properties of biotransformation products. In this way, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of PAH metabolites in order to study the exposure and contamination of organisms to PAHs in the marine environment. An analytical technique to quantify PAH metabolites in biological matrices has first been set up. Then, this analytical tool has been applied to the study of fish exposures to individual PAHs and to different petroleum products in controlled conditions which has allowed to get a better understanding of PAH biotransformation phenomena. Finally, field studies have been led, notably to study the Erika oil spill and the contamination of the Seine bay, demonstrating the applicability of the quantification of PAH metabolites to evaluate the exposure and the contamination of organisms to PAHs in natural environment and for pollution events of different nature
Dumas, Anne-Sophie. "Mécanismes moléculaires de tolérance des plantes aux xénobiotiques : application à la phytoremédiation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021385.
Full textOukebdane, Khalil. "Extraction et analyse des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques(HAP) et de leurs dérivés nitrés dans différentes matrices environnementales." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES046.
Full textIn this work, we report the study of the potentiality of the different sampling, extraction and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrous derivatives, present in different environmental matrixes obtained at the emission of stationnary sources. The work is composed of two parts : 1) the first part deals with the evaluation of the atmosphere exhausted by an air-depolluting prototype by the mean of non thermal plasma, based on the volatile PAHs analysis, potentially present at the prototype outlet. This study describes the sampling technique optimization of the volatile pollutants by the mean of a miscellary aqueous media and the elaboration of a technique for reconcentration and analysis of ultra traces, involving the SPE and HPLC coupling with fluorimetric detection. 2) the second part of this work deals with the extraction, the analysis and the quantification of pollutants of PAHs type, their nitrous derivatives and heavy alkanes, susceptible of being adsorbed on soot particles resulting from the combustion of a Diesel Engine. By way of model soot particles (washed and doped) as well as diverse extracting techniques like Soxhlet (hot and standard), Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and pressured Assisted Solvent Extraction (ASE), an optimization of the conditions of extraction was performed, by experimental design, to hierarchise the influent factors, determine their interaction and obtain a modelisation of the extraction yields as function of the operating parameters
Buet, Astrid. "Impact biologique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sur l'anguille européenne : définition et validation de biomarqueurs in situ." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112052.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess the biological impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on the European eel and to define useful biomarkers in situ. The originality of this field study comes from the variety of the considered factors and the choice of a protected site. The main characteristics of an eel population collected from the National Reserve of Camargue were determined. The answer of enzymatic markers of contamination was measured : biotransformation activities (EROD, GST, UDPHT), oxydative stress activities (CAT, SOD, GPx, SeGPx) and membrane activities (ATPases, AChE). The temporal evolutions and the nutritional state have a strong influence on the answer of these indicators of contamination in the studied population. The effect of sexual maturity and parasitism is reduced. The analysis of PAH was performed in the bile, the liver and the muscle of eels. Whatever the season, the sampling site, the sexual maturity and the sanitary state of eels, the PAH tissue contamination is general but fluctuating. The localization of the contamination gives information about its age. Chronologically, bile accumulation reflects a recent intoxication, whereas the liver gives a medium-term image of it and the muscle impregnation represents a longer-term storage. The PAH concentrate in rich fat tissues but these concentrations are not correlated with the lipid burden of the tissues. However, the presence of PAH in the cellular membranes was confirmed, that lets suppose a predisposition of eels for biomagnification. Then, the trophic position of the studied organism appears as an essential factor in this kind of field study. Oxidative stress enzymes answered in a more systematic and more significant way than the enzymes of the biotransformation. Membrane enzymes activities are also modified by the HAP. Oxydative stress and membrane enzymatic activities may be considered as good biomarkers for a chronic contamination by PAH in si tu
Amer, Ahmed Khalil Souliman. "L'influence des interactions physico-chimiques des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) avec les constituants des sols sur leur mobilité et leur transfert dans l'environnement." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10010.
Full textThe study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) mobility and transfers is of high interest for the risk assessment of contaminated soils and sites. Emitted from different sources, PAHs are mainly produced through human activities. But they can be classified in three main categories : biogenic PAHs, petrogenic PAHs, and pyrogenic PAHs. Due to their toxicological hazard, PAHs sometimes represent a risk for human health. There are many methods available in the litterature for predicting the water solubility of PAHs or their partitionning between water and organic substances. Some detailed studies in pharmaceutical sciences allow now to better estimate their thermodynamical properties from molecular structure data. Nevertheless, validated applications of theses results are limited to relatively simple systems compared to industrial soils ones. We have studied the PAHs mobility by solubilization and their transfer by diffusion in materials potentially contaminated by coal tar in the presence of diverse organic substances in the aqueous phase (toluene, phenol or AH) or in non aqueous phase liquids (tars ou natural H. S). We have developed a specific approach for PAHs in complex matrices. This development reaches the statement of a conceptual model in which thermodynamical equilibrium constraints between phases can be quantified and described with numerical models. An experimental approach targetted on the case of phenanthrene gives results which allow the discussion of model application for a better understanding of phenomena driving PAHs solubilization and diffusive transfer
Gourlay, Catherine. "Biodisponibilité des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques dans les écosystèmes aquatiques : Influence de la matière organique naturelle et anthropique." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000945.
Full textEstève, Williams. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) adsorbés sur des particules carbonées d'intérêt atmosphérique : développements analytique, cinétique et mécanistique." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12636.
Full textVerrhiest, Ghislaine. "Toxicité de sédiments d'eau douce contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS018.
Full textLe, Dû-Lacoste Marie. "Etude des phénomènes de biotransformation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) par les organismes aquatiques (poissons) : relation exposition - génotoxicité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13929/document.
Full textIn order to study the health of a marine ecosystem and the toxic potential of a contamination such as that related to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is necessary, in addition to the determination of environmental contamination levels, to have access to the fraction for aquatic organisms have been exposed to and to identify the toxic effects of the contaminants. The exposure and contamination of aquatic organisms to PAHs have generally been evaluated by the quantification of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues. However, this approach is criticable when taking into account the biotransformation capabilities of organisms such as vertebrates and the toxic properties of biotransformation products. In this way, the aim of this study is to study PAH bioaccumulation and biotransformation phenomena through the PAH metabolites study. An effort for the validation of relevant biomarkers to evaluate the link between the genotoxicity of PAHs, PAHs body burden and PAH metabolites production, is necessary. Analytical techniques to quantify PAH metabolites in biological matrices have first been set up. Then, these sensible, innovating and powerful analytical tools have been applied to the study of fish exposures to PAHs through differents contamination sources in controlled conditions. This allowed to have a better understanding of PAH biotransformation phenomena. Finally, field studies have been led, notably to study the contamination of the Seine bay, demonstrating the applicability of the quantification of PAH metabolites to evaluate the exposure and the contamination of organisms to PAHs in natural environment. Within the framework of an integrated approach chemistry/biology, this work led to a contribution in the methodological transfer of biomarkers of PAH genotoxicity
Houessou, Justin Koffi. "Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans le café : mise au point de méthodes analytiques et étude de l’étape de torréfaction." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3108/01/Houessou.these.pdf.
Full textAlbinet, Alexandre. "Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et leurs dérivés nitrés et oxygénés dans l'air ambiant : caractérisation physico-chimique et origine." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120588.
Full textFoan, Louise Marie. "Biosurveillance des retombées atmosphériques à l'aide de bryophytes : suivi des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) à diverses échelles spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0035/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) emitted by human activities during incomplete combustion of organic matter (industry, domestic heating, road traffic…). Due to their low degradation rates, toxicity, long-range transport and bioaccumulation in organic matter, PAHs are monitored in the atmosphere (Council Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996). Bryophytes, more commonly called mosses, have been used during the past three decades for biomonitoring air quality. Because of their biological characteristics, these terrestrial plants are excellent bioaccumulators of airborne pollutants. However, few studies concern PAH biomonitoring and they are usually restricted to studies limited in time and space. In this context, the thesis aims to validate bryophytes as tools for biomonitoring atmospheric deposition of PAHs on various space-time scales. The first step of this work consisted in developing the analytical procedures in order to validate PAH analysis by liquid chromatography associated with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), liquid-liquid extraction of PAHs from bulk deposition and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of PAHs from mosses. The latter was optimized with a factorial design and was completed by purification tests with solid phase extraction (SPE). Field studies were then carried out to evaluate temporal trends of PAH levels in mosses at seasonal, annual and historical scales, as well as spatial trends, at local and regional scales. A study undertaken on herbarium mosses sampled in Bertiz Natural Park (Navarra, Spain) between 1879 and 2007 leaded to the identification of PAH historical emission sources. Bryophytes appear as excellent “witnesses” of the past atmospheric contamination. An annual biomonitoring study (2010-2011) at Bertiz showed seasonal trends of PAH content in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp., which are related to variations of PAH emissions and weather conditions, particularly precipitations. Moreover, the annual study revealed a fractionation of PAHs while they are transferred from total deposition to the mosses, as the affinity of PAHs for deposition samples was related with their solubility and their affinity for the plant was related to their lipophilic property (KOW). Thus, monitoring PAH fluxes in total deposition does not give an a priori estimation of PAH contents in the ecosystems. Finally, multivariate analysis of the spatial distribution of PAHs in the species Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. sampled in Spain (Navarra), France (Île-de-France) and Switzerland (Swiss Plateau and Basel area) leaded to the characterization of the atmospheric contamination sources in the different areas and the influence of environmental parameters such as elevation and pluviometry
Norini, Marie-Paule Leyval Corinne. "Ecodynamique des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) et des communautés microbiennes dans des sols à pollution mixte (HAP, métaux) avant et après traitement par biopile et par désorption thermique influence de la rhizosphère et de la mycorhization /." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0121_NORINI.pdf.
Full textNikoyan, Anna. "Evaluation du risque génotoxique lié aux expositions professionnelles aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans une population de salariés du pourtour de l'étnag de Berre." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22958.
Full textHouessou, Justin Koffi. "Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans le café : mise au point de méthodes analytiques et étude de l'étape de torréfaction." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003108.
Full textDjomo, Jean-Emmanuel. "Ecotoxicité en eau douce de certains hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) majeurs d'un pétrole brut : effets sur quelques organismes aquatiques tests." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30016.
Full textChahin, Abir. "Bioindicateurs métaboliques de l'exposition des ruminants laitiers aux Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) : domaines scientifiques : biochimie, métabolisme des xénobiotiques, biologie animale." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL031N/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent organic pollutants (POP) produced during the incomplete burning of organic materials. Their production can be of natural origin (forest fire) or anthropic origin (gaz heating, vehicular traffic, industry). The ingestion of PAH contaminated vegetal covers or soils by farm animals, coupled with the high lipophily of these PAH, therefore represents a potential hazard in terms of contamination of animal products (milk, meat, eggs…). In the present work, we focused on the evaluation of the dairy ruminant exposure to PAH through the use of metabolic biomarkers of exposure. At first we tested the potential of 1-hydroxypyrene excreted in urine or milk to be used as a metabolic and specific biomarker of subchronic (7 to 40 days) and oral exposure of the goat to a ternary mixture consisting of phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. Each PAH was solubilized in oil to reach contamination levels in the range 0.04-50 mg/day. Results demonstrate that (i) 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in milk and urine is proportional to the level of exposure all along the tested exposure range (stable transfer rates of 1-OH pyrene: about 1% in milk and 10 % in urine); (ii) excretion of 1-OH pyrene reached a plateau at the latest 10 days after the beginning of exposure. In the second part of this work, it was demonstrated that the ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity, when measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), can be used as a convenient and non-specific biomarker of oral and chronic exposure of dairy ruminant to CYP 450 inducting POP, such as many PAH. Induction kinetic of EROD activity PBL could be fitted with a logistic-like model over 40 days of exposure followed by 10 days post-exposure. An approximate dose/response curve could be fitted using a Michaelis-Menten-like model, allowing for several comments about the metabolism of PAH in dairy ruminant. A final kinetic study, which was run on rats under subchronic conditions (32 days), next to other results, showed a good correlation between EROD activities in PBL, liver and brain. Achieved results demonstrate the relevance of the combined use of the EROD activity in PBL and of the 1-OH pyrene in milk or urine as convenient and cost-limited tools for risk assessment in terms of PAH and more generally POP ingestion by dairy ruminants
Lukic, Borislava. "Compostage de déchets organiques avec des sols contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : impact de l'origine des déchets sur les rendements de biodégradation des HAP." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1134/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants widely distributed in the environment and very frequently detected in soils as they are mainly produced from an incomplete combustion of organic matter at high temperature. They are toxic and even carcinogenic, therefore their removal from soils has been massively studied in the past years. Among all treatments suitable for treating soils contaminated by PAHs, biological ones are promising and challenging as they have a low or even no impact on the environment as well as their efficiency is tightly dependent on many factors not easy to control. The objective of this thesis has been to get more accurate knowledge on bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soils, by defining, through a series of experiments, the most suitable conditions for their biological remediation mainly in terms of physical and chemical soil characteristics, PAHs type and concentration, microbial density and composition, pH value, moisture content and availability of nutrients. The bioremediation experiments carried out in this thesis are based on landfarming as well as composting soil treatments and aimed at promoting the simultaneous biodegradation of PAHs and fresh organic wastes under controlled conditions. The expected result of this approach has been the conversion of organic pollutants into less harmful compounds, due to the activity of the microorganisms present in soil as well as in the organic waste added to soil. With the aim of deeply understanding the influence of the aforementioned factors on the bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soil, experiments were conducted on a synthetic soil, artificially contaminated, as well as on a real contaminated soil. In details, four different types of fresh organic waste were selected to be added to PAHs artificially contaminated synthetic soil and the results showed that centrifuged activated sewage sludge (SS) was the most effective organic amendment compared to buffalo manure (BM), food and kitchen waste (FKW) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The removal efficiency of total PAHs reached with SS was actually a little higher than 60%. Furthermore, this set of experiments proved that mesophilic conditions were more performing than thermophilic conditions, as well as the content of nitrogen, soluble fraction and proteins played an important role in the PAHs removal. Based on the previous results, the next set of experiments was conducted on a real contaminated soil amended with different amounts of centrifuged activated SS (e.g. contaminated soil to SS mass ratios were 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5 and 1:0 as wet weight basis). In contrast to results obtained with synthetic soil, in a real contaminated soil, SS amendment resulted in being not beneficial to PAHs removal. The best results were actually achieved where no SS was added (total PAHs removal efficiency of 32%, whereas with SS the best results showed a value of 14%), proving that the adaptation of microorganisms to PAHs is the key factor for the success of the bioremediation process coupled with setting favorable environmental conditions
Barthe, Mickaël. "Mécanismes de séquestration et cinétique de bioaccumulation et de métabolisation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sédiments marins et lacustres." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2008.
Find full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 2 septembre 2008). Thèse présentée à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de doctorat en océanographie. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 153-165. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Desalme, Dorine. "Contamination atmosphérique par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : toxicité et devenir du phénanthrène dans des systèmes sol-plante-microorganismes." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800328.
Full textGuillon, Amélie. "Étude de la composition isotopique moléculaire (delta13C) comme traceur de source qualitatif et quantitatif des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) particulaires dans l’atmosphère." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14398/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are carcinogenic compounds, present in all the compartments of the Environment. In the atmosphere, their sources are both from natural (biomass burning, volcanic emissions...) and anthropogenic (transport, industry, residential heating...) origins. Once emitted in the atmosphere, PAH are distributed between the gaseous or particulate phases and may be involved in different physico-chemical processes such as photodegradation, radical-initiated oxidations... Due to their carcinogenicity, PAH emissions are nowadays subjected to various regulations from France and more largely, European Union. In the atmosphere, benzo(a)pyrene has been selected as representative of the PAHs because of its high toxicity. In order to improve regulations involving emission reductions, several methodologies have been developed to perform source apportionment. The most commonly used in the literature is the molecular approach, based on molecular profiles and particular ratios. Nevertheless, conditions of PAH formation and physico-chemical processes affect these characteristic values. The main objective of this work was to develop a new methodology of particulate-PAH source tracking based on the molecular isotopic composition. The development of analytical procedure was performed to determine 13C/12C of PAHs by GC/C/IRMS. The study of the impact of PAH reactivity in the presence of O3, NO2, OH and/or solar radiations shows that no significant isotopic fractionation is induced on their isotopic compositions. Molecular isotopic approach was applied on natural particles, collected at different specific sites: 13C/12C of PAHs and molecular data allow differentiating particulate-PAH sources. Therefore, determinations of molecular and isotopic characteristics have been undertaken by applying this methodology on particulate-PAHs emitted during the combustion of fifteen Mediterranean woods. Finally, molecular approach coupled with different parameters (back-trajectories, oxidant concentrations, wind roses...) enables to measure the levels of PAH concentrations in the atmosphere in order to evaluate their impacts as a source of pollution in the Arcachon Bay
Raoux, Christophe. "Modélisation du mécanisme de contamination par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques HAP des sédiments marins côtiers de Méditerranée : conséquences sur la biodisponibilité des HAP dans le milieu marin." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10529.
Full textFlotron, Vanina. "La réaction de Fenton comme procédé de réhabilitation dans le traitement des eaux : application à la dégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les eaux et les boues résiduaires." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001190.
Full textViglianti, Christophe. "Approche alternative du lavage de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : utilisation des cyclodextrines avec procédés de recyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784723.
Full textNegro, Sara. "Rôle des écosystèmes forestiers dans le transfert des HAP de l’atmosphère aux sols : étude des placettes du réseau RENECOFOR." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA003/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter and can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere. Because of their organic and hydrophobic nature they have a strong affinity for lipid surfaces and compartments containing organic matter. They can therefore be adsorbed on the plant matrices and on the organic matter of the soils. The canopy, due to its important aerodynamic roughness, constitutes an important sink for PAHs.In this study, we have monitored the evolution of PAHs concentrations over a period of 20 years (from 1993 to 2011) in 3 compartments of the forest ecosystem: vegetation (leaves / needles), organic layers (OL, OF and OH) and organo-mineral layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm) of French forest sites monitored by the RENECOFOR network (National Network for Long-term FOrest ECOsystem Monitoring).4 sites distributed throughout France were selected according to different characteristics (type of forest species, climate, altitude, latitude, longitude, type of forest humus, organic carbon content, etc.). Thus, 14 PAHs, considered as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), were quantified.This study highlights the efficiency of vegetation in registering the history of air quality at forest sites. A general decrease in the concentration of PAHs in vegetation and in the atmosphere over the past 20 years has been observed.Vegetation plays the role of a pump that accumulates PAHs and transfers them to forest soils. Organic carbon content appears to be the most important parameter controlling PAHs accumulation in forest soils. Thus, PAHs transfer between the different forest compartments appears to depend on their physico-chemical properties and their ability to undergo dissipation mechanisms (leaching, degradation, etc.).Finally, this study shows that the organo-mineral layers of forest soils constitute a more important sink of (light, intermediate and heavy) PAHs than vegetation and organic layers in the forest ecosystem
Bensabath, Tsilla. "Approche préventive pour une réduction des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) dans les fours à pyrolyse : application à la cémentation gazeuse à basse pression." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0064/document.
Full textLow-pressure gas carburizing is a heat treatment process used to harden surface of steel by enriching the metal with carbon atoms coming from pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. At the same time, a wide variety of molecules and radicals are also formed in the gas phase. They react together, leading to the formation of PAHs. PAHs are toxic and even carcinogenic, and activities such as furnace maintenance may thus represent a risk to workers. Experiments of acetylene pyrolysis were carried out in conditions close to low-pressure gas carburizing processes, at 900°C and 8 kPa. Two kinds of reactors were used: a jet stirred reactor and tubular reactors. At the outlet of the reaction zone, products of pyrolysis were analyzed. Among other products, 16 PAHs classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were observed. Influence of residence time and of reactant dilution was studied. Experimental results were compared to those obtained with a detailed kinetic model. This model was developed in order to describe PAH formation during light hydrocarbon pyrolysis. The focus was placed on formation pathways of the first aromatic rings and of the 16 EPA-PAHs. In addition to the experimental data obtained in this study, the model was validated using experimental data from the literature. The aim of the study is to understand the phenomena of PAH formation and growth in order to find operating conditions to make safer the low-pressure gas carburizing processes
Ringuet, Johany. "Dérivés oxygénés et nitrés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (OHAP/NHAP) en phase particulaire : granulométrie et devenir dans l’atmosphère (formation/dégradation)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14504/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations are regulated in ambient air because of theirmutagenic and carcinogenic properties. They are largely emitted by combustion processes and may react withmain atmospheric oxidants to form oxygenated (OPAH) and nitrated (NPAH) derivatives, which can be moretoxic than their parent PAHs. In this work, PAH derivatives were studied using the combination of twocomplementary approaches: laboratory reactivity experiments in controlled conditions and field studies, inorder to better understand their source and fate in the atmosphere. Reactivity study of PAHs adsorbed onnatural particles was carried out by exposing ambient particles to atmospheric oxidants (O3, OH and NO2/O3)in appropriate reactors. Large decays of PAH concentrations were observed, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, which isthe only regulated PAH in Europe), appearing as the most reactive. The formation of OPAHs and NPAHs wasshowed. Nevertheless, quantities of both NPAHs and OPAHs formed were not sufficient to explain the totalamount of PAHs that react, highlighting the formation of other compounds, not detected in this work. PAHdegradation may occur in the atmosphere during the transport of air masses or directly on the filter during thesampling. The study of the major degradation processes was performed during field studies, using two highvolume samplers, one being equipped with an ozone scrubber. Even if, results were not enough to clearlyconclude about the relative importance of both degradation processes, the significant formation of some PAHderivatives on the sampling filter was observed. Then, field campaigns were led on different typologies ofsampling sites around Paris. PAH, OPAH and NPAH concentrations were about ten times higher at traffic sitethan at the suburban one. Moreover, for both OPAHs and PAHs, the major compounds were similar at bothsites, in contrary to the case of NPAHs that appeared different. The traffic site appeared strongly influenced byprimary emissions, whereas high amounts of secondary species were quantified at suburban site. Particle sizedistribution of OPAHs and NPAHs showed their strong association to the finest part of aerosols (Dp < 2.5 μm),highlighting the strong interest of this study considering sanitary impacts. Finally, the study of the particle sizedistribution of primary and/or secondary identified compounds, combined with chemical NPAH and OPAHprofiles, allowed to provide indications about the major origin of PAH derivatives in the atmosphere
Liamin, Marie. "Exposition in vitro de lymphocytes T humains aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : étude des effets immunotoxiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B060/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated during organic matter combustion. These compounds have been associated with the development of toxic effects on human health, including carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects, mainly related to Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) activation. Among the immune system cells, T lymphocytes appear as major targets of PAHs. Previous results, obtained in the laboratory, have shown that activation of primary human T lymphocytes leads to a functional AhR expression increase, suggesting their ability to respond to PAH exposure. Our specific aims are: (1) to determine the effects of B[a]P on gene expression profiles in human normal lymphocytes by using large-scale approaches such as microarray-based transcriptome analysis, (2) to monitor the genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of B[a]P by measuring DNA damage and immunosuppressive actions, respectively and, (3) to analyze the modulation of these effects by the presence of other PAHs. Our work propose primary cultures of activated human T lymphocytes as a good model for studying both genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants such as PAHs and predicting human health issues. It also gains a comprehensive insight into the immune response regulation after PAH exposure and provides potential new biomarkers of exposure to these environmental contaminants
Tankari, Dan-Badjo Abdourahamane. "Modalités de contamination du ray-grass par les éléments du groupe platine et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à proximité des voies routières." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL008N/document.
Full textOur thesis work concerned the methods of PGE and PAH deposits on fodder using a bio-accumulator (ryegrass). The deposit kinetics of PGE and PAH on ryegrass exposed in the vicinity of a highway showed that the main part of the contamination is carried out during the first weeks of exposure, and also that these contaminants remain fixed on the ryegrass at least five weeks after its removal from the highway. The study of the traffic conditions influence showed a weak impact of the highway on the ryegrass contamination by PGE and PAH compared to a rural road, suggesting that the PGE and PAH deposits on the ryegrass are much more related to the emission properties from the vehicles than to the number of vehicles. The spatialization of the fodder exposure in PGE and PAH on a fodder plot scale revealed a significant reduction of the Pd, Rh and PAH concentrations of the ryegrass with the distance of the emission source