Journal articles: 'Hydrodynamic trap'

1

Tanyeri, Melikhan, Eric M. Johnson-Chavarria, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Hydrodynamic trap for single particles and cells." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 22 (May 31, 2010): 224101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431664.

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Iliescu, Ciprian, Guolin Xu, Wen Hao Tong, Fang Yu, Cătălin Mihai Bălan, Guillaume Tresset, and Hanry Yu. "Cell patterning using a dielectrophoretic–hydrodynamic trap." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-015-1568-2.

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Tanyeri, Melikhan, and Charles M. Schoeder. "Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Cells and Particles." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (January 2010): 404a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.2179.

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Chamolly, Alexander, Eric Lauga, and Soichiro Tottori. "Irreversible hydrodynamic trapping by surface rollers." Soft Matter 16, no. 10 (2020): 2611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02250c.

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A microscopic colloidal roller propelling along a flat rigid surface can irreversibly trap and transport passive cargo through cross-streamline migration induced by steric interaction between the cargo and the interface.

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Tanyeri, Melikhan, Mikhil Ranka, Natawan Sittipolkul, and Charles M. Schroeder. "A microfluidic-based hydrodynamic trap: design and implementation." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 10 (2011): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00709a.

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Stucki, Janick D., and Olivier T. Guenat. "A microfluidic bubble trap and oscillator." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 23 (2015): 4393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00592b.

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We present a novel and easy-to-fabricate bubble trap. The working principle is based on the interaction of surface tension and hydrodynamic forces. As an additional feature, the trap generates a bubble oscillation, which may be exploited as a new element in microfluidic logical applications.

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Crépin, Pierre-Philippe, Xavier Leyronas, and Frédéric Chevy. "Hydrodynamic spectrum of a superfluid in an elongated trap." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 114, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 60005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/114/60005.

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Tanyeri, Melikhan, Eric M. Johnson-Chavarria, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Cells and Micro- and Nanoparticles." Biophysical Journal 100, no. 3 (February 2011): 623a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3582.

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Postek, W., T. S. Kaminski, and P. Garstecki. "A precise and accurate microfluidic droplet dilutor." Analyst 142, no. 16 (2017): 2901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an00679a.

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Estapa, Margaret, James Valdes, Kaitlyn Tradd, Jackson Sugar, Melissa Omand, and Ken Buesseler. "The Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap: Two Decades of Progress." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 6 (June 2020): 957–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0118.1.

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AbstractThe biological carbon flux from the ocean’s surface into its interior has traditionally been sampled by sediment traps, which physically intercept sinking particulate matter. However, the manner in which a sediment trap interacts with the flow field around it can introduce hydrodynamic biases, motivating the development of neutral, self-ballasting trap designs. Here, the performance of one of these designs, the neutrally buoyant sediment trap (NBST), is described and evaluated. The NBST has been successfully used in a number of scientific studies since a prototype was last described in the literature two decades ago, with extensive modifications in subsequent years. Originated at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the NBST is built around a profiling float and carries cylindrical collection tubes, a feature that distinguishes it from other neutral traps described in the literature. This paper documents changes to the device that have been implemented over the last two decades, including wider trap tubes; Iridium Communications, Inc., satellite communications; and the addition of polyacrylamide gel collectors and optical sedimentation sensors. Information is also provided with the intent of aiding the development of similar devices by other researchers, including the present adaptation of the concept to utilize commercially available profiling float hardware. The performance of NBSTs built around commercial profiling floats is comparable to NBSTs built around customized floats, albeit with some additional operational considerations. Data from recent field studies comparing NBSTs and traditional, surface-tethered sediment traps are used to illustrate the performance of the instrument design. Potential improvements to the design that remain to be incorporated through future work are also outlined.

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Shum, H., E. A. Gaffney, and D. J. Smith. "Modelling bacterial behaviour close to a no-slip plane boundary: the influence of bacterial geometry." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2118 (January 13, 2010): 1725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0520.

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We describe a boundary-element method used to model the hydrodynamics of a bacterium propelled by a single helical flagellum. Using this model, we optimize the power efficiency of swimming with respect to cell body and flagellum geometrical parameters, and find that optima for swimming in unbounded fluid and near a no-slip plane boundary are nearly indistinguishable. We also consider the novel optimization objective of torque efficiency and find a very different optimal shape. Excluding effects such as Brownian motion and electrostatic interactions, it is demonstrated that hydrodynamic forces may trap the bacterium in a stable, circular orbit near the boundary, leading to the empirically observable surface accumulation of bacteria. Furthermore, the details and even the existence of this stable orbit depend on geometrical parameters of the bacterium, as described in this article. These results shed some light on the phenomenon of surface accumulation of micro-organisms and offer hydrodynamic explanations as to why some bacteria may accumulate more readily than others based on morphology.

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Selander, Erik, Jan Heuschele, and Ann I. Larsson. "Hydrodynamic properties and distribution of bait downstream of a zooplankton trap." Journal of Plankton Research 39, no. 6 (May 2, 2017): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbx024.

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GHOSH, TARUN KANTI. "QUANTIZED HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY OF BOSONS IN QUASI-ONE-DIMENSIONAL HARMONIC TRAP." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 32 (December 30, 2006): 5443–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206035783.

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We analytically study effects of density and phase fluctuations of quasi-one-dimensional degenerate atomic Bose gases in the mean-field as well as in the hard-core bosons regimes. We obtain the analytic expressions for dynamic structure factors in both the regimes. We also calculate single-particle density matrix and momentum distribution by taking care of the phase fluctuations upto fourth-order term, the density fluctuations as well as the non-condensate density in both the regimes. In the mean-field regime, there is a long-tail in the momentum distributions at large temperature, which can be used to identify the quasi-condensate from a pure condensate. The single-particle correlation functions of hard-core bosons is almost zero even at zero temperature due to the fermionization of the bosonic systems. Two-particle correlation function in the hard-core bosons regime shows many deep valleys at various relative separations. These valleys at various relative separations imply shell structure due to the Pauli blocking in real space.

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Yassir, NL, and C. J. Otto. "HYDRODYNAMICS AND FAULT SEAL ASSESSMENT IN THE VULCAN SUB-BASIN, TIMOR SEA." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96023.

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The study of hydrodynamics sheds light on the current day fluid flow regime of traps of different integrity and on the mechanisms leading to seal breach. It also provides insights into potential migration pathways and zones of secondary hydrocarbon accumulation. This is a preliminary hydrodynamic investigation carried out on a few selected wells in the Vulcan Sub-basin from high, moderate and low integrity traps, referred to here as HIT, MIT and LIT respectively (after O'Brien et al, 1996). The fields sampled include East Swan (LIT), Skua and Jabiru (MIT) and Montara and Oliver (HIT). The findings of this study suggest a trend between trap type and current day fluid flow. The best result was obtained for Skua-2, where pressure testing was conducted over the bounding fault for the field, indicating high integrity. Some wells showed upward head gradients, such as East Swan-2; others showed a low or no vertical gradient, such as Jabiru-1 A,−2, −3, −10 and Oliver-1. There was general agreement between the flow direction and the conductivity of the faults, as indicated by mud loss data. Preliminary potentiometric surface mapping of Jabiru indicated lateral flow, controlled by production, and hydraulic communication within the faulted reservoir. Wellbore hydrodynamics and potentiometric surface mapping of the reservoir heads on a regional scale promise to give indications of major structural controls on flow as well as secondary migration pathways.

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Tremblay, M. John, and Stephen J. Smith. "Lobster (Homarus americanus) catchability in different habitats in late spring and early fall." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01171.

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The effects of habitat and season on the catchability of lobsters (Homarus americanus) in baited traps were studied in September and June in Lobster Bay, Nova Scotia, by means of dive censuses followed by trapping. Moderate boulder cover characterized one site; two others had low relief (sand or mud dominated). Poisson loglinear models of the data were used to evaluate the effect of site, size, and sex on lobster catchability (q). This approach generates model-based estimates of q in units of square metres per trap. In both seasons lobster density (all sizes > 50 mm) at the two low-relief sites (means of 15–18 per 300-m2 transect) was lower than that at the moderate-boulder site (means of 25–26 per transect), but trap catch rates were higher at low-relief sites. The models confirmed that lobster catchability was lower at the moderate-boulder site. Potential explanations include more shelter-seeking behaviour at the moderate-boulder site and hydrodynamic differences affecting the bait odour plume. The largest difference between seasons was higher q’s in spring for prerecruit sizes (71–80 mm CL) at all sites, perhaps due to fishery removals of larger sizes. The results have implications for lobster assessments and the planning of trap surveys of abundance.

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Xu, Xiaoxiao, Zhenyu Li, and Arye Nehorai. "Finite element simulations of hydrodynamic trapping in microfluidic particle-trap array systems." Biomicrofluidics 7, no. 5 (September 2013): 054108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4822030.

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Shenoy, Anish, Melikhan Tanyeri, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Characterizing the performance of the hydrodynamic trap using a control-based approach." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 18, no. 5-6 (October 9, 2014): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1495-7.

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18

PELZ, RICHARD B. "Symmetry and the hydrodynamic blow-up problem." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 444 (September 25, 2001): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001005298.

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The problem of whether a spontaneous singularity can occur in finite time in an incompressible inviscid fluid flow is addressed. As suggested by previous numerical simulations, candidate flows are restricted to be invariant under the octahedral group of symmetries and to have a compact vortex tube in the fundamental domain. It is shown that in such a flow the image vorticity contributes strongly to the axial strain rate on the fundamental in a way which is only weakly proportional to the curvature of the vortex lines. Analysis of a model flow shows that axial strain rate scales as the inverse square of the distance to the origin, and that the velocity field forms a topological trap in which the vortex tube is accelerated towards the origin – a degenerate critical point. Evidence from simulations supports these findings. These features suggest that linear strain rate/vorticity coupling can occur in a finite-time pointwise collapse of such symmetric flows.

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19

Debnath, Tanwi, Yunyun Li, Pulak K. Ghosh, and Fabio Marchesoni. "Active microswimmers in a finite two dimensional trap: The role of hydrodynamic interaction." Journal of Chemical Physics 150, no. 10 (March 14, 2019): 104102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038149.

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20

Park, Younggeun, Yeonho Choi, Debkishore Mitra, Taewook Kang, and Luke P. Lee. "Study of microscale hydraulic jump phenomenon for hydrodynamic trap-and-release of microparticles." Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 15 (October 11, 2010): 154101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3479052.

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21

NAKANO, Akira, Ryo TSUBOI, and Shinya SASAKI. "S114034 CFD simulation of exogenous material trap by surface texture under hydrodynamic lubrication." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _S114034–1—_S114034–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._s114034-1.

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22

Jönsson, Peter, Bengt Jönsson, Veronica T. Chang, Simon J. Davis, and David Klenerman. "Using Hydrodynamic Forces to Trap and Study Membrane-Associated Molecules in Lipid Bilayers." Biophysical Journal 104, no. 2 (January 2013): 503a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.2776.

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23

Putignano, Carmine, Giuliano Parente, Francisco Josè Profito, Caterina Gaudiuso, Antonio Ancona, and Giuseppe Carbone. "Laser Microtextured Surfaces for Friction Reduction: Does the Pattern Matter?" Materials 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214915.

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Frictional performances of different textures, including axisymmetric and directional patterns, have been tested in the mixed and the hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. Experimental results, corroborated by numerical simulations, show that the leading parameter is the geometrical pattern void ratio since a large number of dimples offers, at low speed, a trap for debris whereas, at high speed, due to the flow expansion in each micro-hole, fosters a fluid pressure drop, the consequent insurgence of micro-cavitation and, ultimately, the reductions of the shear stresses. Furthermore, in this paper, it is shown that, by means of directional textures, equivalent hydrodynamic wedges can be built up, thus establishing different friction performances depending on the flow direction.

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Shenoy, Anish, Christopher V. Rao, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Stokes trap for multiplexed particle manipulation and assembly using fluidics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 28, 2016): 3976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525162113.

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The ability to confine and manipulate single particles and molecules has revolutionized several fields of science. Hydrodynamic trapping offers an attractive method for particle manipulation in free solution without the need for optical, electric, acoustic, or magnetic fields. Here, we develop and demonstrate the Stokes trap, which is a new method for trapping multiple particles using only fluid flow. We demonstrate simultaneous manipulation of two particles in a simple microfluidic device using model predictive control. We further show that this approach can be used for fluidic-directed assembly of multiple particles in solution. Overall, this technique opens new vistas for fundamental studies of particle–particle interactions and provides a new method for the directed assembly of colloidal particles.

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Sochol, Ryan D., Daniel Corbett, Sarah Hesse, William E. R. Krieger, Ki Tae Wolf, Minkyu Kim, Kosuke Iwai, Song Li, Luke P. Lee, and Liwei Lin. "Dual-mode hydrodynamic railing and arraying of microparticles for multi-stage signal detection in continuous flow biochemical microprocessors." Lab Chip 14, no. 8 (2014): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00012a.

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We present a continuous flow microfluidic “rail-trap-and-rail” reactor for passively: (i) executing multi-stage particulate-based mixing processes, and (ii) arraying select particles at each reaction stage.

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HE Wei, 何威, and 李静 LI Jing. "3D Trap Stiffness Measurement of Holographic Tweezers Based on Vision Theory and Hydrodynamic Method." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 47, no. 7 (2018): 718002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20184707.0718002.

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Mustafa, Adil, Ahmet Erten, Rana M. Armaghan Ayaz, Oğuz Kayıllıoğlu, Aysenur Eser, Mustafa Eryürek, Muhammad Irfan, Metin Muradoglu, Melikhan Tanyeri, and Alper Kiraz. "Enhanced Dissolution of Liquid Microdroplets in the Extensional Creeping Flow of a Hydrodynamic Trap." Langmuir 32, no. 37 (September 7, 2016): 9460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02411.

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Narayan, Shweta, Iaroslav Makhnenko, Davis B. Moravec, Brad G. Hauser, Andrew J. Dallas, and Cari S. Dutcher. "Insights into the Microscale Coalescence Behavior of Surfactant-Stabilized Droplets Using a Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Trap." Langmuir 36, no. 33 (July 21, 2020): 9827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01414.

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Bylicki, F., M. Zawada, W. Gawlik, A. Noga, J. Zachorowski, W. Jastrzębski, J. Szczepkowski, and M. Witkowski. "Studies of the Hydrodynamic Properties of Bose-Einstein Condensate of87Rb Atoms in a Magnetic Trap." Acta Physica Polonica A 113, no. 2 (February 2008): 691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.113.691.

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Sándor, Zs, and Zs Regály. "Increased isolation mass for pebble accreting planetary cores in pressure maxima of protoplanetary discs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 503, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): L67—L72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slab022.

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ABSTRACT The growth of a pebble accreting planetary core is stopped when reaching its isolation mass that is due to a pressure maximum emerging at the outer edge of the gap opened in gas. This pressure maximum traps the inward drifting pebbles stopping the accretion of solids on to the core. On the other hand, a large amount of pebbles ($\sim \! 100\, {\mathrm{ M}}_\oplus$) should flow through the orbit of the core until reaching its isolation mass. The efficiency of pebble accretion increases if the core grows in a dust trap of the protoplanetary disc. Dust traps are observed as ring-like structures by ALMA suggesting the existence of global pressure maxima in discs that can also act as planet migration traps. This work aims to reveal how large a planetary core can grow in such a pressure maximum by pebble accretion. In our hydrodynamic simulations, pebbles are treated as a pressureless fluid mutually coupled to the gas via drag force. Our results show that in a global pressure maximum the pebble isolation mass for a planetary core is significantly larger than in discs with power-law surface density profile. An increased isolation mass shortens the formation time of giant planets.

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Zhang, Liang, Wen Wen, XiaoDong Ma, and Ying Wang. "Super Efimovian expansions of superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS–BEC crossover." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 21 (August 6, 2018): 1850230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502302.

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We study the super Efimovian expansions of a superfluid Fermi gas in the crossover from Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid to a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), by using superfluid hydrodynamic equations with the equation of state fitting from the experimental data and a scaling approach. We find that in an isotropic trap, the super Efimovian expansion of the Fermi superfluid in the unitary limit is characterized by the double-log periodicity, while for an axially symmetric trap, the double-log periodicity only emerges in the longer direction for a large anisotropy of the trapping frequencies. Away from unitarity where the scale invariance is broken, the super Efimovian expansions of the superfluid Fermi gases deviate from the double-log oscillations. The oscillations in the BCS regime deviate upward from the double-log oscillations, whereas the oscillations in the BEC regime deviate downward and the deviation in the BEC limit is the most significant. This difference can be used to discriminate different superfluid regimes.

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Ueno, Kunimitsu, Wako Nagasaka, Yuichi Tomizawa, Yoshiteru Nakamori, Eiichi Tamiya, and Yuzuru Takamura. "Polymer Size Effect on Shape and Position in DNA Trap by Electric and Hydrodynamic Force Fields." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 8A (August 6, 2007): 5358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.5358.

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Kim, Hojin, Sangmin Lee, and Joonwon Kim. "Hydrodynamic trap-and-release of single particles using dual-function elastomeric valves: design, fabrication, and characterization." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 13, no. 5 (June 22, 2012): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-012-1006-7.

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Gutnikov, A. I., A. Zholdasov, and S. N. Zakirov. "Exact solution of the problem of the configuration of gas-water contact in a hydrodynamic trap." Fluid Dynamics 21, no. 4 (1987): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01057157.

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Rembauville, M., I. Salter, N. Leblond, A. Gueneugues, and S. Blain. "Export fluxes in a naturally fertilized area of the Southern Ocean, the Kerguelen Plateau: seasonal dynamic reveals long lags and strong attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux (Part 1)." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): 17043–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-17043-2014.

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Abstract. A sediment trap moored in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen plateau in the Southern Ocean provided an annual record of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes at 289 m. At the trap deployment depth current speeds were low (∼10 cm s−1) and primarily tidal-driven (M2 tidal component) providing favorable hydrodynamic conditions for the collection of flux. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux was generally low (<0.5 mmol m−2 d−1) although two episodic export events (<14 days) of 1.5 mmol m−2 d−1 were recorded. These increases in flux occurred with a 1 month time lag from peaks in surface chlorophyll and together accounted for approximately 40% of the annual flux budget. The annual POC flux of 98.2 ± 4.4 mmol m−2 yr−1 was relatively low considering the shallow deployment depth, but similar to deep-ocean (>2 km) fluxes measured from similarly productive iron-fertilized blooms. Comparison of the sediment trap data with complementary estimates of biomass accumulation and export indicate that ∼90% of the flux was lost between 200 and 300 m. We hypothesize that grazing pressure, including mesozooplankton and mesopelagic fishes, may be responsible for rapid flux attenuation and the High Biomass Low Export regime characterizing the Kerguelen bloom. The importance of plankton community structure in controlling the temporal variability of export fluxes is addressed in a companion paper.

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Mantasa Salve Prastica, Rian, Herr Soeryantono, and Dwinanti Rika Marthanty. "2-D Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic and sediment transport in Agathis Lake." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927004019.

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Problems about lakes are inclining every year, especially for water quality problem. Policy decisions to conserve lakes could be well achieved by data prediction. Modelling by using software could describe the future conditions of lake and give policymakers to legislate the best alternative solution. This research studies Agathis lake characteristics. The lake is situated in Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The research employs Resource Modelling Associates (RMA) program to simulate hydraulic and water quality data. This research will determine the most representative water sampling location and type of TSS for calibration analysis. Next, this research simulates two scenarios of lake’s conditions. The simulation is run by modelling the lake with wetland scenario and with rainy season scenario. After running several iterations, the most representative water sampling location is in the upper part of the water column and the best model of TSS is mixed TSS. Two simulated scenarios produce a reasonable result and could predict the future conditions of Agathis Lake. The research recommends that the sediment trap, that is located in the inlet of the lake, should be well-treated regularly in rainy season, and Universitas Indonesia should manage and arrange the suitable plants to be applied in the future constructed wetland.

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Liu, Yang, Dahai Ren, Xixin Ling, Weibin Liang, Jing Li, Zheng You, Yaxiaer Yalikun, and Yo Tanaka. "Time Sequential Single-Cell Patterning with High Efficiency and High Density." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113672.

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Single-cell capture plays an important role in single-cell manipulation and analysis. This paper presents a microfluidic device for deterministic single-cell trapping based on the hydrodynamic trapping mechanism. The device is composed of an S-shaped loop channel and thousands of aligned trap units. This arrayed structure enables each row of the device to be treated equally and independently, as it has row periodicity. A theoretical model was established and a simulation was conducted to optimize the key geometric parameters, and the performance was evaluated by conducting experiments on MCF-7 and Jurkat cells. The results showed improvements in single-cell trapping ability, including loading efficiency, capture speed, and the density of the patterned cells. The optimized device can achieve a capture efficiency of up to 100% and single-cell capture efficiency of up to 95%. This device offers 200 trap units in an area of 1 mm2, which enables 100 single cells to be observed simultaneously using a microscope with a 20× objective lens. One thousand cells can be trapped sequentially within 2 min; this is faster than the values obtained with previously reported devices. Furthermore, the cells can also be recovered by reversely infusing solutions. The structure can be easily extended to a large scale, and a patterned array with 32,000 trap sites was accomplished on a single chip. This device can be a powerful tool for high-throughput single-cell analysis, cell heterogeneity investigation, and drug screening.

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Pradhan, S., R. N. Samal, S. B. Choudhury, and P. K. Mohanty. "HYDRODYNAMIC AND COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELING IN CHILIKA LAGOON." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5 (November 15, 2018): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-141-2018.

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Abstract. Chilika lagoon, one of the largest brackish water lagoons in Asia located along the east coast of India. The rivers draining into the lagoon carry about 13 million tonnes of sediments annually. Because of the cohesiveness properties of the fine sediments, nutrients, heavy metals and other polluted substances tend to bind to the sediment’s surface. Consequently, pollutants can be concentrated in the inlets/estuaries, thus being of great environmental interest. In addition, the mudflats occurring are important biotopes for a large number of micro- and macro-faunal species and act as feeding places for a number of birds. To understand the cohesive sediment dynamics, a numerical model, MIKE 21 Mud Transport (MT) coupled with hydrodynamic (HD) was used. The model simulated the relative bed level height and suspended sediment concentrations. The sediment interchange and accumulation between each sectors and Bay of Bengal were evaluated. The suspended sediment concentration is high in the north-east portion of the lagoon while medium and low suspended loads are observed in the eastern and western portion of the lagoon. Bed thickness is very high in the north-western corner of the lagoon covered with Phragmites Karka which facilitate sediment trap. Total bed thickness change is very much pronounced in the northern sector which receives most of the sediments from the Mahanadi river systems as well along the periphery of the lagoon due to drainage. The eastern lagoon shows a net deposition accumulated fraction (5–15kg/m2) and hence gives enough indication of the sedimentation processes in the lagoon. Further, the results also warrant immediate attention to check and monitor suspended sediment concentration to find out the net deposition trend in the lagoon environment in order to take decisions in minimizing the sediment load.

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MENDOZA, URSULA, ROGÉRIO N. CANDELLA, LUIZ P. F. ASSAD, FEDERICO V. CASTILLO, LAURA AZEVEDO, BASTIAAN A. KNOPPERS, and ANA LUIZA S. ALBUQUERQUE. "A Model Analysis for the Design and Deployment of an Eulerian Sediment Trap Mooring Array in a Western Boundary Upwelling System from Southeast Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 2 (June 2014): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652014107112.

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This work addresses the design and configuration of a Eulerian sediment trap mooring array, which was deployed at the shelf edge (zm ≈ 140 m) 80 km off Cabo Frio, SE- Brazil (23° S). The site was subject to interplay between the Tropical Waters (TW) of the Brazil Current (BC), intrusions from the South Atlantic Central Waters (SACW), which are the source of upwelling in the region, and other oceanographic processes. Detailed computations were used to optimize the total weight, buoyancy balance, and maximum acceptable tilt to avoid hydrodynamic bias in the trapping efficiency and array adaptation to the local oceanographic conditions with the assistance of Matlab and Muringa programs and Modular Ocean Model 4.0 (MOM; i.e., to assert the vertical distribution of the meridional current component). The velocity range of the current component was determined by short term measurements to be between 0.1 and 0.5 m/s. Projections led to a resulting minimum anchor weight of 456 kg. The necessary line tension was ascertained by using the appropriate distribution of a series of buoys along the array, which finally attained a high vertical load of 350 kg because of the attached oceanographic equipment. Additional flotation devices resulted in a stable mooring array as reflected by their low calculated tilt (2.6° ± 0.6°). A low drag of 16 N was computed for the maximum surface current velocity of 0.5 m/s. The Reynolds number values ranged from 4 × 104 to 2 × 105 and a cone-trap aspect ratio of 1.75 was used to assess the trap sampling efficiency upon exposure to different current velocities.

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Felgner, H., R. Frank, and M. Schliwa. "Flexural rigidity of microtubules measured with the use of optical tweezers." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.2.509.

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The flexural rigidity of single microtubules is measured using optical tweezers. Two new methods are presented. In both the optical forces of the laser trap are used to directly manipulate microtubules grown off the ends of Chlamydomonas axonemes. The shapes of the microtubules are observed by video microscopy as the hydrodynamic forces of viscous flow counteract the elastic restoring forces when the microtubules are moved actively relative to the surrounding buffer medium. To determine the flexural rigidity, the bending of a microtubule is analyzed under a given velocity distribution along its length. Microtubules incubated with taxol after polymerization are measured to be more flexible than those without taxol added. On the other hand, MAPs are shown to increase microtubule stiffness.

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Zhao, Qianbin, Dan Yuan, Jun Zhang, and Weihua Li. "A Review of Secondary Flow in Inertial Microfluidics." Micromachines 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11050461.

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Inertial microfluidic technology, which can manipulate the target particle entirely relying on the microchannel characteristic geometry and intrinsic hydrodynamic effect, has attracted great attention due to its fascinating advantages of high throughput, simplicity, high resolution and low cost. As a passive microfluidic technology, inertial microfluidics can precisely focus, separate, mix or trap target particles in a continuous and high-flow-speed manner without any extra external force field. Therefore, it is promising and has great potential for a wide range of industrial, biomedical and clinical applications. In the regime of inertial microfluidics, particle migration due to inertial effects forms multiple equilibrium positions in straight channels. However, this is not promising for particle detection and separation. Secondary flow, which is a relatively minor flow perpendicular to the primary flow, may reduce the number of equilibrium positions as well as modify the location of particles focusing within channel cross sections by applying an additional hydrodynamic drag. For secondary flow, the pattern and magnitude can be controlled by the well-designed channel structure, such as curvature or disturbance obstacle. The magnitude and form of generated secondary flow are greatly dependent on the disturbing microstructure. Therefore, many inventive and delicate applications of secondary flow in inertial microfluidics have been reported. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the usage of the secondary flow in inertial microfluidics.

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Reed, Jason C. "Using Grooved Surfaces to Improve the Efficiency of Air Injection Drag Reduction Methods in Hydrodynamic Flows." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 02 (June 1, 1994): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.2.133.

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A summary of experiments using grooved surfaces to trap and hold (via surface tension forces) an injected airstream in a low-speed (1.25 to 5 m/s) water flow is presented. The purpose of creating a low-volume near-wall air sheet is to possibly enhance the efficiency of current air injection drag reduction methods in terms of unit gas volume per % drag reduction. Flow visualization and preliminary quantitative data are included for a laminar channel flow, a disturbed laminar channel flow, and a flat plate turbulent boundary-layer flow. A stable convecting low-volume, near-wall gas film is produced in several instances. Groove dimension and the presence of anti-wetting surface coatings are shown to greatly affect the formation and stability of the gas sheet. Deeper, narrower grooves, anti-wetting surface coatings, and shallow-angle gas injection increase the stability of the attached gas layer. Convected disturbances are shown to increase the interfacial instability of the attached sheet. It is not known if a gas sheet can be held under a turbulent boundary layer over 3 m/s, or if the groove sizes needed to do so would become too small to be of use in a practical high-speed hydrodynamic flow.

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Laskar, Abhrajit, Oleg E. Shklyaev, and Anna C. Balazs. "Designing self-propelled, chemically active sheets: Wrappers, flappers, and creepers." Science Advances 4, no. 12 (December 2018): eaav1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav1745.

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Catalyst-coated, hard particles can spontaneously generate fluid flows, which, in turn, propel the particles through the fluid. If the catalyst-coated object were a deformable sheet, then the self-generated flows could affect not only the sheet’s motion but also its shape. By developing models that capture the interrelated chemical, hydrodynamic, and mechanical interactions, we uncover novel behavior emerging from the previously unstudied coupling between active, soft sheets and the surrounding fluid. The chemically generated flows “sculpt” the sheet into various forms that yield different functionalities, which can be tailored by modifying the sheet’s geometry, patterning the sheet’s surface with different catalysts, and using cascades of chemical reactions. These studies reveal how to achieve both spatial and temporal controls over the position and shape of active sheets and thus use the layers to autonomously and controllably trap soft objects, perform logic operations, and execute multistage processes in fluid-filled microchambers.

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Radionenko, Oleksandr, Myroslav Kindrachuk, Oleksandr Tisov, and Andrii Kryzhanovskyi. "FEATURES OF TRANSITION MODES OF FRICTION SURFACES WITH PARTIALLY REGULAR MICRORELIEF." Aviation 22, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2018.6204.

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Textured surfaces with partially regular micro relief (PRMR) are reported to be an effective means to control lublication. It was found they are good wear debris trap and suppliers of lubricant directly to the actual friction area. Their tribological properties depend on the clearance between mating surfaces, relative slip speed, direction of motion. These parameters change the lubrication regime, and vice versa changing geometry of PRMR it is possible to predict and control lubrication regime for given conditions. Application of micro textured surface is prospective for high precision sliding units – valve slides of oil and hydraulic systems, faces of gear pump gears, ring-to-cylinder interface of aircraft reciprocating engines etc. providing high service life. On other side, changing texture parameters it is possible to stop the leakage of fluid through the gap, what may be efficiently utilized in aircraft non-contacting mechanical (hydrodynamic and hydrostatic) seals of gas compressors and gear mechanisms. This paper discloses some peculiarities of transition lubrication regimes for textured surfaces in lubricated contact.

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Etsion, Izhak. "State of the Art in Laser Surface Texturing." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1828070.

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Surface texturing has emerged in the last decade as a viable option of surface engineering resulting in significant improvement in load capacity, wear resistance, friction coefficient etc. of tribological mechanical components. Various techniques can be employed for surface texturing but Laser Surface Texturing (LST) is probably the most advanced so far. LST produces a very large number of micro-dimples on the surface and each of these micro-dimples can serve either as a micro-hydrodynamic bearing in cases of full or mixed lubrication, a micro-reservoir for lubricant in cases of starved lubrication conditions, or a micro-trap for wear debris in either lubricated or dry sliding. The present paper reviews the current effort being made world wide on surface texturing in general and on laser surface texturing in particular. It presents the state of the art in LST and the potential of this technology in various lubricated applications like mechanical seals, piston rings and thrust bearings. The paper also describes some fundamental on going research around the world with LST.

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Koyuncu, Fahrettin, and Orhan Dönmez. "Numerical simulation of the disk dynamics around the black hole: Bondi–Hoyle accretion." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 21 (July 7, 2014): 1450115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501156.

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We have solved the General Relativistic Hydrodynamic (GRH) equations using the high resolution shock capturing scheme (HRSCS) to find out the dependency of the disk dynamics to the Mach number, adiabatic index, the black hole rotation parameter and the outer boundary of the computational domain around the non-rotating and rotating black holes. We inject the gas to computational domain at upstream and downstream regions at the same time with different initial conditions. It is found that variety of the mass accretion rates and shock cone structures strongly depend on Mach number and adiabatic index of the gas. The shock cones on the accretion disk are important physical mechanisms to trap existing oscillation modes, thereupon these trapped modes may generate strong X-rays observed by different X-ray satellites. Besides, our numerical approach also show that the shock cones produces the flip–flop oscillation around the black holes. The flip–flop instabilities which are monitored in our simulations may explain the erratic spin behavior of the compact objects (the black holes and neutron stars) seen from observed data.

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Angeletti, Sabrina, Jorge O. Pierini, and Patricia M. Cervellini. "Suspended sediment contribution resulting from bioturbation in intertidal sites of a SW Atlantic mesotidal estuary: data analysis and numerical modelling." Scientia Marina 82, no. 4 (January 16, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04799.07a.

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The suspended sediment contribution arising from the bioturbation activity of Neohelice granulata at intertidal sites of the Bahía Blanca estuary was analysed using several approaches, ranging from field experiments to numerical modelling. Crabs from the mudflat remove, trap and erode more sediment from their burrows per unit area than those from saltmarshes, as a consequence of the high population density and the mobility of cohesive sediments. The results obtained through the MOHID simulations showed that the sediments that were bioavailable in the intertidal of Puerto Cuatreros were maintained in the water column much longer than sediments in Villa del Mar. This longer residence time in the area could be because of the geomorphological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the internal area of the estuary, where numerous tidal channels coexist and phenomena of “retention” occur before entry into the main channel. By contrast, in Villa del Mar, located in the middle of the estuary, the sediments are affected by a greater water depth and higher tidal current speeds. In addition, the waves caused by the winds can be a determining factor in the spatio-temporal evolution of the bioavailable sediment in the water column of the study areas.

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Mail, M., M. Moosmann, P. Häger, and W. Barthlott. "Air retaining grids—a novel technology to maintain stable air layers under water for drag reduction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2150 (June 10, 2019): 20190126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0126.

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Extreme water repellent ‘superhydrophobic’ surfaces evolved in plants and animals about 450 Ma: a combination of hydrophobic chemistry and hierarchical structuring causes contact angles of greater than 150°. Technical biomimetic applications and technologies for water repellency, self-cleaning (Lotus Effect) and drag reduction (Salvinia Effect) have become increasingly important in the last two decades. Drag reduction (e.g. for ship hulls) requires the presence of a rather thick and persistent air layer under water. All existing technical solutions are based on fragile elastic hairs, micro-pillars or other solitary structures, preferably with undercuts (Salvinia Effect). We propose and provide experimental data for a novel alternative technology to trap persistent air layers by superhydrophobic grids or meshes superimposed to the solid surface: AirGrids. AirGrids provide a simple and stable solution to generate air trapping surfaces for drag reduction under water as demonstrated by first prototypes. Different architectural solutions, including possible recovery techniques for the air layer under hydrodynamic conditions, are discussed. The most promising target backed by first results is the combination of Air Retaining Grids with the existing microbubble technology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.

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Nativi, L., M. Bulla, S. Rosswog, C. Lundman, G. Kowal, D. Gizzi, G. P. Lamb, and A. Perego. "Can jets make the radioactively powered emission from neutron star mergers bluer?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 1772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3337.

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ABSTRACT Neutron star mergers eject neutron-rich matter in which heavy elements are synthesized. The decay of these freshly synthesized elements powers electromagnetic transients (‘macronovae’ or ‘kilonovae’) whose luminosity and colour strongly depend on their nuclear composition. If the ejecta are very neutron-rich (electron fraction Ye < 0.25), they contain fair amounts of lanthanides and actinides that have large opacities and therefore efficiently trap the radiation inside the ejecta so that the emission peaks in the red part of the spectrum. Even small amounts of this high-opacity material can obscure emission from lower lying material and therefore act as a ‘lanthanide curtain’. Here, we investigate how a relativistic jet that punches through the ejecta can potentially push away a significant fraction of the high opacity material before the macronova begins to shine. We use the results of detailed neutrino-driven wind studies as initial conditions and explore with 3D special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations how jets are propagating through these winds. Subsequently, we perform Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations to explore the resulting macronova emission. We find that the hole punched by the jet makes the macronova brighter and bluer for on-axis observers during the first few days of emission, and that more powerful jets have larger impacts on the macronova.

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Wilson, Erin K., Paul S. Hill, Danika van Proosdij, and Monique Ruhl. "Coastal retreat rates and sediment input to the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 4 (April 2017): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0177.

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The strong tidal currents of the Minas Passage in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, have made this area an important site for testing and development of tidal power technologies. Understanding sediment processes in this area is essential for determining the impacts that large-scale tidal power extraction would have on the system. Previous estimates of sediment input to the Basin suggest that much more sediment enters the Basin than accumulates within it; therefore, the bottom sediment texture should be in hydrodynamic equilibrium with bottom currents. A recent study, however, showed that sediment texture is generally finer that what was expected based on current speeds. This paper uses geographic information systems methods to provide updated and more highly resolved measurements of the amount of sediment entering the Minas Basin from the dominant source, which is coastal erosion. Volumetric input from coastal erosion is 1.1 × 106 m3·a−1, which is more than two times smaller than previous estimates. This updated value makes input rates comparable to accumulation rates, and agrees with the hypothesis that bottom sediment texture is not in equilibrium with current speeds. Grain-size distributions also support the hypothesis that the Minas Basin acts as a sediment trap.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrodynamic trap'

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