Academic literature on the topic 'Hydroelectric Power Plant and compensatory measures'

The low resistance of the landscapes of the North-East of Russia to anthropogenic influences is shown. The features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station are considered. In order to create conditions for the successful restoration of vegetation cover after the impact of anthropogenic factors, it is recommended to carry out measures for leveling the disturbed surface and terracing it. It is proposed to carry out artificial sowing of cereals, which are characterized by regular and abundant fruiting.

The volume of concrete surrounding the spiral case increases along with the increase of unit capacity of single-unit hydroelectric station. Once the spiral case concrete structure works with crack, its bearing capacity and safety stability will decrease seriously. Owing to the action of contraction stress induced by temperature variation, the spiral case concrete is often subject to cracking. There are a few temperature control researches on spiral case concrete during construction in the past, more severe, there are few researches on the sensitivity analysis of parameters and measures on temperature control. For this reason, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the spiral case concrete of Xiluodu underground power plant is simulated. The temperature field and temperature stress field of different pouring temperature and concrete strength are analyzed and the temperature control measures with normal C30 concrete and 293.15K casting are recommended to prevent cracks accordingly. These measures, adopted by construction units are proved to be effective and also good references for similar projects.

Vertical distribution of fish was studied immediately upstream of the Três Marias hydroelectric power plant dam from December 2010 to December 2011. Eighteen field trips were conducted for hydroacoustic sampling over a period of 24h each time, with 6-h diel sampling intervals within each of the 18 sample dates. Gill nets were used to collect information on fish species composition and length. The greater fish abundance near the surface during the night and at higher depths during the daytime over a 1-day period suggests that the behavioural phenomenon known as diel vertical migration occurs at Três Marias reservoir. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of diel vertical migration of fish in a Neotropical reservoir, the possible relationship with the operation of the hydroelectric power plant and the variables that may affect fish distribution in water column. Analysis of some limnological and operational variables showed that water transparency, temperature and dissolved oxygen were correlated with vertical fish distribution patterns. These results are important for proposing management measures to mitigate the effects of hydroelectric power plants on fish, such as fish passage through turbines.

Anthropogenic activities affect fish populations worldwide. River dams have profound impacts on ecosystems by changing habitats and hindering migration. In an effort to counteract such effects, a range of mitigation measures have been installed at hydroelectric power plants. However, not all individuals in a population use these measures, potentially creating strong selection processes at hydroelectric power plants. This may be especially true during migration; fish can get heavily delayed or pass through a hydropower turbine, thus facing increased mortality compared with those using a safe bypass route. In this study, we quantify migration route choices of descending wild passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released upstream from a hydroelectric plant. We demonstrate how only a few metres’ displacement of bypass canals can have a large impact on the fish guidance efficiency (FGE). The proportion of fish using the bypasses increased from 1% to 34% when water was released in surface gates closer to the turbine intake. During a period of low FGE, we observed two different smolt migratory strategies. While some individuals spent little time in the forebay before migrating through the turbine tunnel, others remained there. We suggest that these groups represent different behavioural types, and that suboptimal mitigation measures at hydropower intakes may, therefore, induce strong selection on salmon behavioural traits. The ultimate outcome of these selection mechanisms is discussed in light of potential trade-offs between turbine migration mortality coast and optimal sea entrance timing survival benefits.

There exist many dangerous and harmful factors in by-product steel gas power generation process and which easily caused casualties and the pollution of the environment. The study on risk analysis and evaluation are still relatively dearth about the by-product gas generating process of domestic steel enterprises. The boiler system on a Combined Cycle Power Plant was analyzed and evaluation by Dow chemical fires and explosive hazard index evaluation method and the method of fault tree analysis, which combined with the actual situation of steel plant Combined Cycle Power Plant. The results show that the fire and explosion hazard of gas boiler is very dangerous, but the hazard levels are reduced to lower level after safety compensatory measures, so the safety of the device is reliable, and immediately pay is the main reason leading to the explosion of the boiler. According to the analysis some feasible measures was put forward. The study has positive guiding significance for risk management and safety administration decision of the Combined Cycle Power Plant.

Abstract Socioeconomic impacts of the construction of the Ferreira Gomes Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHEFG) were analyzed in communities of fishermen affected before and after the filling of the reservoir. The study occurred between 2014 and 2015, in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes-AP. Data were collected using forms (Nsample=48) and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their significance (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). The results showed that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) did not adequately predict impacts in the fisheries sector. The comparative tests confirmed a) six variables with significant variation (p<0.05): monthly income, number of trips to fish, fishing difficulties, environmental conditions of the Araguari River, socioeconomic and environmental impacts; and b) a variable at the limit of significance (p≈0,056): fish trade. We concluded that the reparatory measures did not reestablish the socioenvironmental conditions, generating conflicts not foreseen.

Under the general policy of the national energy-saving emission reduction and sustainable development, the domestic iron and steel enterprises surge in the by-product gas power generation project. There exist many dangerous and harmful factors in by-product steel gas power generation process and which easily caused casualties and the pollution of the environment. The study on risk analysis and evaluation are still relatively dearth about the by-product gas generating process of domestic steel enterprises. The boiler system on a Combined Cycle Power Plant was analyzed and evaluation by ICI/MOND fire and explosion toxicity index method and the method of fault tree analysis, which combined with the actual situation of steel plant Combined Cycle Power Plant. The results show that the combustion system is more dangerous, and the hazard index levels are reduced to lower level after safety compensatory measures except the unit toxicity index higher. The shielding device or gas alarm failure was the main cause of gas poisoning. According to the analysis some feasible measures was put forward. The study has positive guiding significance for risk management and safety administration decision of the Combined Cycle Power Plant.

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa com atingidos pela Usina Hidrelétrica Serra do Facão no sudeste de Goiás. Foram coletadas histórias de vida de moradores da zona rural de Goiás em dois momentos distintos. O primeiro em 2009, antes da instalação da barragem do rio São Marcos. O segundo momento das entrevistas foi pós o deslocamento compulsório, em 2012 e 2013, com a usina em funcionamento. Este intervalo entre as entrevista nos permitiu analisar o que foi planejado e o que foi efetivamente vivido por estes moradores do sertão goiano. Este empreendimento desapropriou 420 famílias, moradoras da zona rural em seis municípios: Catalão, Ipameri, Cristalina, Davinópolis, Campo Alegre de Goiás, em Goiás e Paracatu, no triângulo mineiro, Minas Gerais. Tomamos como recorte analítico as famílias remanescentes ou as famílias retornadas a terra, sendo assim, selecionamos seis histórias de vida que nos evidenciaram o que foi este processo de expulsão de suas terras de origem e as formas de reconstruir suas vidas agora não mais margeadas pelo rio. Os colaboradores foram mulheres e homens de distintas idades, todos moradores das beiras do rio São Marcos, localizados na zona rural do município de Campo Alegre de Goiás, que teve a maior área atingida e a maior quantidade de famílias desapropriadas. Por meio da História Oral, registarmos histórias de vida nas quais foram expostos os mecanismos de sobrevivência destes afogados. Transcriadas, as histórias de vida revelaram a complexidade deste cenário e demonstram a face perversa de expulsão do camponês de suas terras. Estes sujeitos tem outros conhecimentos para além do português letrado, que os permitiram reconfigurar a vida já tão dura pela lida na terra e pelos desmandos do estado. Revelou também que é preciso superar práticas autoritárias e de subordinação política na relação entre mediadores da barragem e camponeses, como uma das condições para uma nova retomada em suas vidas.
This dissertation is the result of a research about people affected by Serra do Facão Hydroelectric Dam at south-east Goiás. The histories of people who lived in the rural area were collected at two distinct times. First before the dams construction at São Marcos River in 2009. The second moment of interviews was after the mandatory move, in 2012 and 2013, with the power plant already producing. This time offset allowed us to analyze what had been planned and what the former residents of this area actually experienced. This venture expropriated 420 families living in the rural areas of six cities: Catalão, Ipameri, Cristalina, Davinópolis and Campo Alegre de Goiás in Goiás and Paracatu in Triângulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais. As analytical approach taken cover the reminiscent families or families which returned to their land, so we selected six life stories what was this process of expulsion from their own land and ways of rebuilding their lives, now, no longer at the border of the river. The interviewed people were women and men of different ages, all residents of São Marcos river borders, in rural areas of the city of Campo Alegre de Goiás, the one with the largest affected area and dispossessed families as well. Through Oral History, we recorded their life stories in which the mechanisms of survival of those drowned were exposed. Transcreated, These guys have other knowledge beyond the literate Portuguese, which allowed them to reconfigure life already so hard for the land labor and government excesses. Also revealed that it is necessary to overcome authoritarian and political subordination in the relationship between mediators of the dam and peasants practices as a condition for a new resume in their lives.