Journal articles on the topic 'Hydroelectric Power Plant and compensatory measures'

The low resistance of the landscapes of the North-East of Russia to anthropogenic influences is shown. The features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station are considered. In order to create conditions for the successful restoration of vegetation cover after the impact of anthropogenic factors, it is recommended to carry out measures for leveling the disturbed surface and terracing it. It is proposed to carry out artificial sowing of cereals, which are characterized by regular and abundant fruiting.

The volume of concrete surrounding the spiral case increases along with the increase of unit capacity of single-unit hydroelectric station. Once the spiral case concrete structure works with crack, its bearing capacity and safety stability will decrease seriously. Owing to the action of contraction stress induced by temperature variation, the spiral case concrete is often subject to cracking. There are a few temperature control researches on spiral case concrete during construction in the past, more severe, there are few researches on the sensitivity analysis of parameters and measures on temperature control. For this reason, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the spiral case concrete of Xiluodu underground power plant is simulated. The temperature field and temperature stress field of different pouring temperature and concrete strength are analyzed and the temperature control measures with normal C30 concrete and 293.15K casting are recommended to prevent cracks accordingly. These measures, adopted by construction units are proved to be effective and also good references for similar projects.

Vertical distribution of fish was studied immediately upstream of the Três Marias hydroelectric power plant dam from December 2010 to December 2011. Eighteen field trips were conducted for hydroacoustic sampling over a period of 24h each time, with 6-h diel sampling intervals within each of the 18 sample dates. Gill nets were used to collect information on fish species composition and length. The greater fish abundance near the surface during the night and at higher depths during the daytime over a 1-day period suggests that the behavioural phenomenon known as diel vertical migration occurs at Três Marias reservoir. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of diel vertical migration of fish in a Neotropical reservoir, the possible relationship with the operation of the hydroelectric power plant and the variables that may affect fish distribution in water column. Analysis of some limnological and operational variables showed that water transparency, temperature and dissolved oxygen were correlated with vertical fish distribution patterns. These results are important for proposing management measures to mitigate the effects of hydroelectric power plants on fish, such as fish passage through turbines.

Anthropogenic activities affect fish populations worldwide. River dams have profound impacts on ecosystems by changing habitats and hindering migration. In an effort to counteract such effects, a range of mitigation measures have been installed at hydroelectric power plants. However, not all individuals in a population use these measures, potentially creating strong selection processes at hydroelectric power plants. This may be especially true during migration; fish can get heavily delayed or pass through a hydropower turbine, thus facing increased mortality compared with those using a safe bypass route. In this study, we quantify migration route choices of descending wild passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released upstream from a hydroelectric plant. We demonstrate how only a few metres’ displacement of bypass canals can have a large impact on the fish guidance efficiency (FGE). The proportion of fish using the bypasses increased from 1% to 34% when water was released in surface gates closer to the turbine intake. During a period of low FGE, we observed two different smolt migratory strategies. While some individuals spent little time in the forebay before migrating through the turbine tunnel, others remained there. We suggest that these groups represent different behavioural types, and that suboptimal mitigation measures at hydropower intakes may, therefore, induce strong selection on salmon behavioural traits. The ultimate outcome of these selection mechanisms is discussed in light of potential trade-offs between turbine migration mortality coast and optimal sea entrance timing survival benefits.

There exist many dangerous and harmful factors in by-product steel gas power generation process and which easily caused casualties and the pollution of the environment. The study on risk analysis and evaluation are still relatively dearth about the by-product gas generating process of domestic steel enterprises. The boiler system on a Combined Cycle Power Plant was analyzed and evaluation by Dow chemical fires and explosive hazard index evaluation method and the method of fault tree analysis, which combined with the actual situation of steel plant Combined Cycle Power Plant. The results show that the fire and explosion hazard of gas boiler is very dangerous, but the hazard levels are reduced to lower level after safety compensatory measures, so the safety of the device is reliable, and immediately pay is the main reason leading to the explosion of the boiler. According to the analysis some feasible measures was put forward. The study has positive guiding significance for risk management and safety administration decision of the Combined Cycle Power Plant.

Abstract Socioeconomic impacts of the construction of the Ferreira Gomes Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHEFG) were analyzed in communities of fishermen affected before and after the filling of the reservoir. The study occurred between 2014 and 2015, in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes-AP. Data were collected using forms (Nsample=48) and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their significance (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). The results showed that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) did not adequately predict impacts in the fisheries sector. The comparative tests confirmed a) six variables with significant variation (p<0.05): monthly income, number of trips to fish, fishing difficulties, environmental conditions of the Araguari River, socioeconomic and environmental impacts; and b) a variable at the limit of significance (p≈0,056): fish trade. We concluded that the reparatory measures did not reestablish the socioenvironmental conditions, generating conflicts not foreseen.

Under the general policy of the national energy-saving emission reduction and sustainable development, the domestic iron and steel enterprises surge in the by-product gas power generation project. There exist many dangerous and harmful factors in by-product steel gas power generation process and which easily caused casualties and the pollution of the environment. The study on risk analysis and evaluation are still relatively dearth about the by-product gas generating process of domestic steel enterprises. The boiler system on a Combined Cycle Power Plant was analyzed and evaluation by ICI/MOND fire and explosion toxicity index method and the method of fault tree analysis, which combined with the actual situation of steel plant Combined Cycle Power Plant. The results show that the combustion system is more dangerous, and the hazard index levels are reduced to lower level after safety compensatory measures except the unit toxicity index higher. The shielding device or gas alarm failure was the main cause of gas poisoning. According to the analysis some feasible measures was put forward. The study has positive guiding significance for risk management and safety administration decision of the Combined Cycle Power Plant.

The paper is a result of research at the Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Podgorica and represents the aspiration of authors to combine scientific and technical experience in order to achieve improvement in a real system. It is a complex system of lock chambers in a hydroelectric power plant. Based on a detailed analysis of the initial state, through the process modeling of complex real system, the authors identify possible areas where the intervening and applying modern systems with greater flexibility is necessary to achieve higher levels of automation. Also, proposed in the paper are measures for ensuring the security of information that rise system performance to a higher level compared to the competition and create an advantage in the global market.

In this work, Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is used to evaluate Allowed Outage Times (AOT) and Surveillance Test Intervals (STI) extensions for three Angra 1 nuclear power plant safety systems. The interest in such an analysis lies on the fact that PSA comprises a risk-based tool for safety evaluation and has been increasingly applied to support both the regulatory and the operational decision-making processes. Regarding Angra 1, among other applications, PSA is meant to be an additional method that can be used by the utility to justify Technical Specification relaxation to the Brazilian regulatory body. The risk measure used in this work is the Core Damage Frequency, obtained from the Angra 1 Level 1 PSA study. AOT and STI extensions are evaluated for the Safety Injection, Service Water and Auxiliary Feedwater Systems using the SAPHIRE code. In order to compensate for the risk increase caused by the extensions, compensatory measures as (1) test of redundant train prior to entering maintenance and (2) staggered test strategy are proposed. Results have shown that the proposed AOT extensions are acceptable for two of the systems with the implementation of compensatory measures whereas STI extensions are acceptable for all three systems.

Given the climatic and geographical conditions of the Russian Federation, the development of cogeneration should become the main line of measures aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the country. However, the implementation of programs for development of renewable energy sources (RES) and nuclear power plants (NPP) entails risks of decreasing the amount of combined generation of electricity and heat by combined heat and power plants (CHPP) in the daily load curve base part. The current state of the wholesale market of electric power is characterized by critical conditions for the existing CHPPs in the first price zone of the wholesale market. The electric power cost formed from competitive power bid (CPB) results is such that the incomes earned by heat generating facilities are insufficient for fully covering the costs of their overhauls and modernization of their equipment. The “old” heat generation facilities, including CHPPs, subsidize the development of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), RES, hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), and NPPs. The Russian Federation energy system development projects must be elaborated taking into account the results from a multivariate analysis of operational, technical, technological, economic, environmental, and social aspects. The heat supply schemes for cities and municipalities are developed subject to ensuring the preset level of reliability with minimizing its cost for the end customer. The minimum cost of heat supply can only be achieved for the optimal structure of heat and electricity generation capacities. This structure must incorporate equipment able to operate in the base, semi-peak, and peak parts of the daily electric load curve, and provide a power margin for passing seasonal maximums in the consumption of electricity and heat. The main milestones of the establishment and evolution of the energy system of Russia are considered. The main trends are shown along with the problems that have arisen in the operation of cogeneration power facilities in connection with the influence of new energy sources. The experience gained in leading foreign countries that have introduced RES is analyzed, and the influence of these sources on the power system balance is studied. The prospects of using combined electricity and heat generating facilities represented by highly maneuverable small- and medium-capacity gas turbine-based CHPPs in the semi-peak and peak parts of the daily electric load curve are analyzed.

The article deals with the process of parameters estimation of the flood zone at the dam break or its destruction, and a scale of possible destruction caused by possible emergencies. Modeling is carried out for the time of approach of the breakthrough wave to a given distance, the height of the breakthrough wave, the time of discharge of the reservoir, the duration of the passage of the wave at a predetermined distance for buildings and structures in the area of shock wave. The example is done for the dam of the Middle Dnieper hydroelectric power station. A technique for modeling a hazardous situation related to the consequences of a breakthrough of the dam at the Middle Dnieper Hydropower Plant has been developed. The prediction and simulation is based on the phenomenological parameters of the Kamyansky reservoir.The simulation of the assessment of the engineering environment for the dam of the Serednyodniprovska hydroelectric power station was carried out using the parameters of flooding of the terrain. Parameters used - the possible maximum depth of flooding, the width of flooding and the rate of water flow at the break of the dam, the time of arrival of the wave front, the crest and tail of the break wave, maximal flow dams, wave heights above water level above domestic flow. As a result, the maximum flooded area was estimated.Based on the use of dam and reservoir characteristics and the use of appropriate formulas for calculating emergency factors and using modeling using ArcGIS, the possible topographic consequences of the breakthrough of the dam in the city Kamianske and the locations of industrial enterprises in its vicinity were obtained. The latter enables rescue services to promptly assess the threat of an emergency in the event of an emergency, to have an idea of the consequences in order to take preemptive measures to prevent the occurrence of an emergency.

TERRITORY (DES) KNOWN IN JARI RIVER WATERS: the effects of Santo Antônio do Jari's Hydroelectric Power Plant in the traditional community of Iratapuru/APTERRITORIO (DES) CONOCIDO EN LAS AGUAS DEL RÍO JARI: los efectos de la Usina Hidreléctrica de San Antonio del Jari en la comunidad tradicional del Iratapuru/APEm tempos em que muitos projetos hidrelétricos são construídos na Amazônia, torna-se necessária a realização de pesquisas que busquem compreender os efeitos da implantação dos novos territórios em comunidades tradicionais atingidas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva compreender o território (des)conhecido da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Iratapuru (RDSI) no Sul do Amapá, introduzido com a implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Santo Antônio do Jari, na percepção dos moradores sobre o espaço vivido, as territorialidades, as relações afetivas e simbólicas do e no território, a (re)organização cultural e a (re)construção identitária. Para a realização deste estudo, foram levantadas informações bibliográficas e documentais sobre território, comunidade tradicional, espaço social, cenário energético no Amapá e os Estudos e Relatórios de Impactos Ambientais (EIA/RIMA) do Empreendimento. Na fase exploratória, realizou-se a etapa de observação para reconhecimento da comunidade, diagnosticando as relações que mantinham com o rio e a natureza; os saberes tradicionais e culturais; a simbologia e afetividade do espaço habitado e o perfil dos moradores, permitindo assim a delimitação do objeto e sujeitos da etapa de entrevistas e elaboração dos mapas falados. Os resultados apontaram que a (re)criação territorial da nova vila, concedida como medida compensatória aos moradores que tiveram suas casas inundadas às margens do rio Jari, pouco se assemelhou com a realidade vivenciada pela comunidade, obrigando-os a (re)organizar seus espaços e readequarem as novas dinâmicas de um território (des)conhecido.Palavras-chave: Grandes Projetos; Amazônia Oriental; Efeitos Socioespaciais; Povos da Floresta.ABSTRACTIn times when many hydroelectric projects are built in the Amazon, it is necessary to carry out research that seeks to understand the effects of the implantation of the new territories in affected traditional communities. In this sense, the present work aims at understanding the territory (dis) known from the Iratapuru Sustainable Development Reserve (ISDN) in southern Amapá, introduced with the implementation of the Santo Antônio do Jari Hydroelectric Plant (HPP), in the perception of the inhabitants about The territoriality, the affective and symbolic relations of the and in the territory, the cultural (re) organization and the (re) construction of identity. For the accomplishment of this study, bibliographical and documentary information about territory, traditional community, social space, energy scenario in Amapá and the Studies and Reports of Environmental Impacts (EIA/RIMA) of the Enterprise were collected. In the exploratory phase, the observation stage was carried out to recognize the community, diagnosing the relationships they had with the river and nature; Traditional and cultural knowledge; The symbology and affectivity of the inhabited space and the profile of the residents, thus allowing the delimitation of the object and subjects of the stage of interviews and elaboration of the spoken maps. The results showed that the (re) territorial creation of the new village, granted as a compensatory measure to the residents who had their houses flooded on the banks of the river Jari, did not resemble the reality experienced by the community, forcing them to (re) organize their Spaces and re-adapt the new dynamics of a (un) known territory.Keywords: Great Projects; Eastern Amazonia; Socio-spatial Effects; Forest People.RESUMENEn tiempos en que muchos proyectos hidroeléctricos se construyen en la Amazonia, se hace necesario la realización de investigaciones que busquen comprender los efectos de la implantación de los nuevos territorios en comunidades tradicionales afectadas. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender el territorio (des) conocido de la Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible del Iratapuru (RDSI) en el sur de Amapá, introducido con la implantación de la Usina Hidroeléctrica (UHE) de Santo Antônio do Jari, en la percepción de los habitantes sobre El espacio vivido, las territorialidades, las relaciones afectivas y simbólicas del y en el territorio, la (re) organización cultural y la (re) construcción identitaria. Para la realización de este estudio, se levantaron informaciones bibliográficas y documentales sobre territorio, comunidad tradicional, espacio social, escenario energético en Amapá y los Estudios e Informes de Impactos Ambientales (EIA / RIMA) del Emprendimiento. En la fase exploratoria, se realizó la etapa de observación para el reconocimiento de la comunidad, diagnosticando las relaciones que mantenían con el río y la naturaleza; Los saberes tradicionales y culturales; La simbología y afectividad del espacio habitado y el perfil de los habitantes, permitiendo así la delimitación del objeto y sujetos de la etapa de entrevistas y elaboración de los mapas hablados. Los resultados apuntaron que la (re) creación territorial de la nueva villa, concedida como medida compensatoria a los habitantes que tuvieron sus casas inundadas a orillas del río Jari, poco se asemejó con la realidad vivida por la comunidad, obligándolos a (re) organizar sus Espacios y reajustar las nuevas dinámicas de un territorio (des) conocido.Palabras clave: Grandes Proyectos; Amazonia Oriental; Efectos Socioespaciales; Pueblos del Bosque.

The purpose of this article is to showcase opportunities for local communities to demonstrate self-sufficiency with respect to natural resources (gravel and sand) in the east of Slovenia. Limitations put in place for the exploitation of mineral resources by applicable regulations in the light of groundwater protection were analysed particularly in the context of mining undertaken in an area of shallow alluvium with a shallow groundwater table. It is essential that land disturbance (from mining activity) complies with the environmental limitations imposed by both EU and Slovenian law. The study highlights the factors directly indicating the inadequacy of the applicable regulations in Slovenia in relation to mining in areas of shallow groundwater; those limitations put in place the exploitation of mineral resources as unlawful works. This article outlines how such limitations negatively affect local communities’ self-sufficiency and the region with natural resources, specifically mineral resources. To this end, when selecting which alluvial plain to test, we focused on the area of the Drava and Ptuj Plain (Dravsko polje and Ptujsko polje) in Slovenia. The Drava River flows through the area in question across this alluvial plain. The artificially regulated power canal of the Zlatoličje hydroelectric power plant runs parallel to the river. Pursuant to environmental regulations, mineral resources can be exploited in these areas only up to two metres above the highest groundwater level. This criterion makes it almost impossible to pursue the additional exploitation of mineral resources in this area, as well as similar areas in the catchment area of the Danube River in Slovenia. We believe that in terms of the shared use of physical space it is necessary to change this limitation and link it directly to the percentage of exploited physical space and the application of relevant extraction technologies, which do not pollute groundwater either directly or indirectly. We also believe that the criterion put in place does not withstand expert judgment as the requirement for excavation to cease up to two metres above the highest groundwater level was not defined by means of the scientific method. The article analyses inconsistencies and puts forward measures for the ongoing eco-friendly and economically sustainable exploitation of mineral resources. As an alternative, we thus suggest implementing the EU Regulation via an act that would set out the necessary limitations, based on expert starting points arising from cartographic bases under consideration of the tetrahedral consensus-seeking methodology.

Peruvannamuzhi Dam is built on the Kuttiady River at Kozhikode district, Kerala, India. The main purpose of the dam is to store water safely for irrigation and to control flood at the downstream area. Hydroelectric power plant is not associated with this Dam. At present, the basic dam operation parameters like reservoir level, rain data, and outflow rate are measured manually. There is no provision for inflow measurement. Most of the state reservoirs are almost full when heavy rainfall occurs during monsoon. The opening and closing of the gates of the dam depend only on the current water level of the reservoir. So the dam operators are forced to open suddenly all the shutters of the dam when water reaches Full Reservoir Level and this is a compensatory procedure. The sudden release of water simultaneously from different reservoirs caused flood in Kerala. This paper presents Internet of Things based automatic monitoring of different parameters for dam management and predict reservoir level after a particular period, say 2 hours. The above specified dam parameters is measured with different sensors like ultrasonic sensor and rain sensor. NodeMCU upload the measured data to cloud. Thingspeak IoT platform provide these data to user. Thingspeak provide MATLAB link and which analyze and predict reservoir level. These data and predictions are easily available to dam authorities, dam researchers, farmers and public through their mobile phone or Personal Computer. With the help of this prediction, the operator can open the shutter in an anticipatory manner. This predictive model can be used for flood control.

Rivers play a significant role in the human activities all over the world. Increasing demand of water for drinking & irrigation and hydroelectricity, numbers of impacts can be seen in the rivers environment. The present paper focuses on the impact of Supana Dam on the channel morphology of Alaknanda River in Srinagar valley Garhwal Himalaya. The field investigation approach has been adopted for the present study. The impact assessment has been carried out into three categories i.e. (i) Impact of dam on channel morphology, (ii) Impact of dam on human environment and (iii) Anthropogenic impact on channel Morphology. The results of the study show that after the construction of dam positive and negative impact have been assessed. Due to the blockage of water and sediment flow the entire riverine environment has been changed. Channel morphological features are well exposed for geomorphological study. Changing pattern of land and water relationship destroyed the previous ecosystem balance. Besides this, dam is supplying cheapest clean, efficient and reliable energy generated by hydroelectric power plant. Other impacts of dam are loss of fauna and flora, quality of drinking water supply and concentration of pollution in downstream. Out of these large numbers of sand and gravel extraction activities has been started on the exposed channel bed. Although some positive and negative impacts are observed by the construction of dams but several measures have been suggested to mitigate the adverse impacts of a hydropower project in the present study area.