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Brown, Timothy McDonnell. "HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM DESIGN." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/408.
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Hydroelectric power generation is not a viable option as a prime source of electrical energy for the Pico Blanco Boy Scout Camp, as determined by this thesis. The hydroelectric power system can only provide a maximum power capacity of 17kW as limited by the available mechanical energy of the water source. This power capacity is inadequate to reliably supply power to the electrical loads at the camp during peak demand periods. The purpose of this thesis was to study the feasibility of supplying the Boy Scout Camp with a renewable source of electrical energy through an exploration of various hydroelectric system design concepts.
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Pritcher, Melissa. "Repurposing a Hydroelectric Plant." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1480.
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This thesis project explores repurposing a hydroelectric plant along Richmond Virginia's Canal Walk. The building has been redesigned to create a community-oriented space programmed as an indoor park, event venue space, and cafe. Throughout this thesis, it became important to create private niches within a public space while creating a flexible public venue that accommodates a variety of activities. Through a variety of spaces that offer users options, a flexible public venue is creating, yielding a community-oriented environment that reconnects local with the site.
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Ranlöf, Martin. "Electromagnetic Analysis of Hydroelectric Generators." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-146629.
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Hydropower maintains its position as the most important source of renewable electric energy in the world. The efficiency of large hydropower plants is unsurpassed, and after more than hundred years of development, the technology is mature and highly reliable. While new hydro resources are currently being developed in Asia and South America, most European countries go through a phase of intense refurbishment and upgrading of existing plants. Challenges faced by the hydropower industry include a knowledge transfer to new generations and the adaptation of unit designs to meet new operational requirements. As with all branches of engineering, the use of computerized design tools has revolutionized the art of hydropower plant design and the analysis of its performance. In the present work, modern tools like coupled field-circuit models and semi-analytic permeance models are used to address different aspects of electromagnetic analysis of generators in large hydropower plants. The results include the presentation of a mathematical model that uses concepts from rotating field theory to determine the air-gap flux density waveform in a hydroelectric generator. The model was succesfully used to evaluate armature voltage harmonics and damper bar currents at no-load and load conditions. A second study is concerned with the importance of losses due to rotational fields in core loss calculations. It is found that dynamic and rotational effects typically increase the total core loss estimates with about 28% in large hydroelectric generators. In a third study, linear models for the calculation of salient pole shoe form factors at an arbitrary level of magnetic loading are presented. The effect of the damper winding configuration on the damping capability of salient-pole generators is then evaluated in a separate study. The predicted impact of the coupling between damper cages on adjacent poles on the damping torque production is verified in a set of experiments.
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FARIA, LARISSA FIGUEIREDO TERRA DE. "OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROELECTRIC INVENTORY STUDIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17410@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO desenvolvimento de estudos de inventário para Pequenas Centrais Hidroelétricas – PCHs – é uma atividade custosa e demorada. A motivação desta dissertação é, de forma rápida e econômica, verificar a real viabilidade destes projetos. Um modelo computacional foi criado para automatizar estudos de inventário, identificando o potencial de geração hidroelétrica e os locais de instalação dos projetos. A partir da identificação do potencial, é estudada a definição de possíveis eixos de barramento, ou seja, resolve-se o problema da divisão de quedas para um determinado rio. Este trabalho, então, discute a implementação de um modelo para avaliação do potencial hidroelétrico que seleciona e dimensiona projetos hidroelétricos em uma bacia hidrográfica. Este potencial é desenvolvido baseando-se na maximização do benefício líquido, e inclui restrições sócio-ambientais que podem ser adaptadas a diferentes regulamentos locais. Através desta automatização, espera-se reduzir os riscos de empresários investirem uma quantidade de dinheiro significativa em bacias hidrográficas pouco promissoras.
The development of inventory studies for Small Hydropower Plants is a costly and time consuming activity. The motivation of this dissertation is to, quickly and economically, verify the true viability of these projects. A computational model was created to automate inventory studies, identifying the hydroelectric generation potential and the projects’ installation sites. After the identification of the potential, the definition of project siting and project sizing is studied. In other words, the model determines the most adequate sites to build dams among several candidate locations and, for each selected case, the plant design (gross head, installed capacity, reservoir size and others). This potential is developed through the maximization of total net benefit, and includes environmental constraints that can be adapted to different regulations. Through this automation, the risks for entrepreneurs investing a significant amount of money in unpromising river basins are expected to reduce.
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Do, Tung Van. "Optimal operation of a hydroelectric reservoir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26694.
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This thesis examines the influence of different degrees of serial correlation in the streamflow records on optimal operation of a hydroelectric reservoir. This thesis also investigates the practical aspects of choosing different decision variables, considering effects on ease of implementation, total benefit, and actual use for real-time operations.
Stochastic dynamic programming was used to optimize the long-term operation of a hydroelectric project with a single reservoir. Reservoir inflows were analyzed using monthly flow record for 58 years with the assumption that monthly inflows are either perfectly correlated, uncorrelated, or partially correlated. Reservoir level change and powerhouse discharge were considered as alternative decision variables for each of the three cases of inflow serial correlation. The optimization results were then examined and compared to determine the significance of the choice of decision variables and to explore the effects of inflow serial correlation on practical operating decisions which might be based on the results of the optimization.
It was found that (1) Case 2 in which inflows were assumed perfectly correlated and Case 3 with partially correlated inflows produce, respectively, highest and lowest total expected return, (2) the difference in total expected return between cases depends largely upon the physical characteristics of the system, (3) the reservoir level change decision case produces more conservative results than the discharge decision case, (4) the results from the reservoir level change decision are easier to use for realtime operation than those from the discharge decision case, (5) different results will be produced with different choice of decision variables.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Martin, Gregory D. "Aquifer underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447687.
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JUNIOR, LUCIANO R. CHAGAS COSTA. "KNOWLEDGE BASED FOR HYDROELECTRIC MACHINES DIAGNOSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1996. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9020@1.
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CENTRO DE PESQUISA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICAO Sistema elétrico brasileiro é baseado quase que integralmente em energia produzida por Usinas Hidroelétricas. Estas Máquinas Hidroelétricas possuem um comportamento diferenciado das máquinas turbo geradoras, cujo comportamento já foi identificado e classificado em pesquisas anteriores. Este trabalho investiga o uso de um Sistema baseado em Conhecimento para o diagnóstico precoce de falhas em Máquinas Hidrogeradoras, visando redução de custos advindos principalmente de paradas operacionais não necessárias na máquina para manutenção. O sistema foi criado com informação obtida a partir dos seguintes meios: sistemática de manutenção executada nas Usinas Hidroelétricas, através de entrevistas à equipe responsável pela manutenção da usina de Furnas (MG); da identificação do comportamento eletromecânico da máquina; e do estudo de casos. O Sistema é capaz de identificar, a partir dos sensores localizados nas máquinas, eventuais falhas, permitindo executar paradas programadas de maneira otimizada. Foi criado um protótipo de um sistema computacional baseado em Conhecimento implementando tal modelo de forma bem flexível. A modelagem criada, a implementação do protótipo computacional e, principalmente, a explicação do raciocínio empregado, agregado com a possibilidade da modificação do conhecimento através da aquisição automática, são contribuições inovadoras deste trabalho. É descrito o Domínio do Problema de diagnosticar falhas em Máquinas Hidrogeradoras, identificado durante análise das informações coletadas da equipe de manutenção na usina de Furnas e de especialistas no comportamento eletromecânico das máquinas. É descrito também o modelo simbólico criado, representativo do domínio, utilizando interface projetada, visando a implementação prática nas usinas. É apresentado uma solução de desacoplamento das informações advindas dos sensores eletromecânicos da máquina e o sistema, através de módulo baseado em Lógica Nebulosa (Fuzzy Logic) que converte as informações numéricas em informações simbólicas compreendidas pelo sistema de diagnóstico, permitindo o uso do sistema, sem alteração em máquinas que possuam características diversas. Finalmente, é apresentada a metodologia de testes adotada para validação do modelo implementado através da simulação de dados de vibração e oscilação, cujo relacionamento com eventuais falhas é parcialmente conhecido, assim como uma conclusão sobre a viabilidade e praticidade de um modelo simbólico na solução do diagnóstico das máquinas hidrogeradoras. Durante o desenvolvimento da tese verificou-se que o conhecimento sobre falhas em Máquinas Hidrogeradoras ainda não está consolidado e que então, um Sistema baseado em Conhecimento com aquisição de conhecimento automático mostra-se uma excelente ferramenta de modelagem para os especialistas.
The Brazilian Electrical Energy supply is almost entirely based on the energy produced by the Hydroeletric Power Station Machines. These Hydroeletric Machines own particular behavior in comparison to the turbogenerator behavior. This work investigates the use of Knowledge based system Hydroeletric Machines fault diagnosis. The system was modeled using information obtained by: the maintenance s systematic executed Hydroeletric Power Stations, though Furnas (Minas Gerais) maintenance team interviews; the Machine electromechanical behavior; and a Case Based study. The system is able to identify, from machine located sensors data analysis, eventual faults, allowing the execution of programmed operational interrupts in the machine in a optimized manner. A computational prototype and, mainly, the interface explain engine in addition to the knowledge modification through acquisition, are the innovative contributions of this work. The machine fault diagnosis problem domain is described, identified in the information, collected from the maintenance team and the electromechanical behavior experts, analysis. It is also described the projected symbolic model, the domain representation, using graphical and friendly interface, aiming its practical implementation in real Power Stations. It is shown a sensor information detach solution, through a Fuzzy Logic based module which converts the numerical data in a symbolic one, known by the diagnosis system, allowing its use, without any modification, in a sort of different machines. Finally, it is shown the test methodology adopted for the prototype validation through oscillation data simulation, which relationship with machine faults is partially known, and the symbolic model praticality and feasibility in the Hidrogenerator Diagnosis solution. Through the thesis development, it was verified that the Hydrogenerator fault knowledge wasn t still consolidated. So, the Knowledge Based system with knowledge acquisition became an excelent modeling tool for the domain experts.
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Foss, Marius Øverland, and Alexander Høst. "Hydroelectric Real Options : A Structural Estimation Approach." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15046.
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Structural estimation is an important technique in analyzing economic data. Unfortunately, it is often computationally expensive to implement the most powerful and efficient statistical methods. One such method is the Nested Fixed Point (NFXP) algorithm. In this thesis, we develop methodology and techniques that allow us to apply NFXP to real options models of hy- dropower production. In particular, we develop a way to regard hydropower planning and scheduling as a stationary problem. Further, we create a nu- merical method for solving specific types of equation systems with sparse matrices of a specific structure, an approach that significantly increases the speed with which we can compute Fréchet and partial derivatives of con- traction mappings for large state spaces.
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Fekri, Moghadam Milad. "Efficient hydroelectric generation using novel balance schemes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54605.
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In order to control frequency and interchange schedules in electric power systems, a permanent balance between generation and demand is necessary. Following electric demand has traditionally been realized by control of flexible generation resources. As a consequence, conventional generation units are utilized in lower maximum output power and less efficient operating points. Transition toward increased penetration of intermittent Distributed Energy Resources (DER) requires more balancing capacity in power systems which makes frequency control a more challenging issue. Demand Side Management (DSM) is a main ingredient of Smart Grid (SG)s to improve efficiency and reliability. Some industrial processes have inherent flexibilites making them capable of virtually storing enough energy to immediately and continuously respond to control signals of transmission system operator. These loads, when equipped with advanced metering, communication and control infrastructure, can realize participation of Demand Side Storage (DSS) in sub-hourly time steps of grid balance. In order to fairly distribute the benefits of interconnection among all control areas, frequency control standards are defined and proposed by reliability coordinators e.g. NERC. Once new standards become effective, Balancing Authorities (BA)s modify their Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and real-time balance logic to comply with the new requirements. This research is dedicated to finding novel balance structures in sub-hourly dispatch and real-time operation. The objectives of the proposed balance structures are to increase hydroelectric generation efficiency and reduce unit maneuvering leading to mechanical wear and tear. A new Demand Dispatch (DD) application for industrial flexible loads and a new sub-hourly balance structure based on use of DSS are developed in this thesis. Also in real-time operation, a novel AGC logic is proposed to maximize the benefits of a hydroelectric dominated Balancing Authority based on latest frequency control standards. It is shown through mathematical modeling, static scheduling optimization formulations and dynamic simulations that utilizing 5% of system peak demand as sub-hourly dispatched DSS saves up to 2% in generation efficiency and utilizing the proposed real-time AGC logic leads to generation efficiency saving of up to 1.3%. Both proposed methods also significantly reduce mechanical wear and tear.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Cornejo, Gómez César Alberto. "Methodology for the development of hydroelectric power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107592.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-75).
Hydropower has sufficient resources available and is actively promoted by Governments as part of their energy matrix, but its development is constrained by the difficulty of addressing location particularities, including technical features such as geology or hydrology, and institutional features such as social acceptance, environmental constraints and the regulatory framework. Project results emerge from the interactions of these Inherent Features and the Project Architecture and do not always meet stakeholders' expectations, leading to deficient project results and lost value. This thesis proposes a methodology for prototyping projects to reflect these particularities and inform project shaping and decision-making early in the process. The proposed methodology was built on three systems engineering and project complexity frameworks, and lessons learned from four case studies. Its contribution to hydropower development is related to (i) the incorporation of systems evolution over time on the development process, (ii) the identification and management of relationships among the various decomposed elements of the development, (iii) the identification of emergent properties from the interactions among all features, (iv) a prototype for developers to optimize or search for project architectures that meet stakeholders objectives while complying with restrictions, (v) the delivery of unbiased information for decision-makers, (vi) the opportunity of stakeholders to participate in the project shaping in a continuous fashion, and (vii) the delivery of a tool for the implementation team to evaluate and challenge changes to the project during construction. The usage of this methodology does not guarantee the avoidance of errors or unforeseen project outcomes, but it does reduce the chance for unknown risks emerging from the interactions of the evaluated features.
by César Alberto Cornejo Gómez.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Lönn, Jack, and Oskar Dahl. "Design Optimization of Spillways at Baihetan Hydroelectric Dam." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189507.
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China’s economic prosperity has led to a massive development in the hydropower sector. The Baihetan hydropower project is an ongoing construction and will become the third largest hydroelectric power plant in the world in regards to generating capacity and is projected to be finished in the year 2020.For every fault that an investment this massive has, it will lead to enormous cost and safety risks. Therefore the standards for every detail are especially high to ensure the success of its future operation. One of the risks is from the water jet impact on the downstream stilling basin that can cause erosion on the riverbed. The evaluation of this risk has previously been carried out by an experimental scaled model at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. This thesis will however evaluate the potential of exposing these risks and analyzing methods to minimize them through Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis.A Computational Fluid Dynamics model of a surface hole spillway was created in order to be compared and validated against the experimental results. The results in longitudinal direction are in good agreement with the experimental results, with an accuracy of the numerical model being 91% for the longitudinal distance and 98% for the longitudinal spread. The spread in the transverse direction was however inaccurate with a 40% accuracy in comparison to the experimental results. With a satisfying accuracy in longitudinal direction and a known error in the transverse direction, the numerical model can be used as an initial study for optimization by the implementation of a chute block.After the numerical model was validated against the experimental results, the spillway was redesigned with a chute block to compare performance compared to the original setup. With the chute block spillway, the trajectory of the water jet was angled away from the stilling basin’s center, and the longitudinal spread of the water jet at the impact with the stilling basin increased by 3 m, an increase of 34%. An average maximum dynamic pressure of 1,9 MPa was located in the center of the bulk flow. With the chute block, the pressure impact was located 2 m further away from the dam toe.The results from this thesis shows potential in usage of CFD models in order to evaluate water discharge performance and that the integration of a chute block shows promise in improving the efficiency of the spillway. However, the inaccuracies of the numerical model only make it viable to use as an initial study of design optimization and cannot replace physical scaled models. In order to make final conclusions the model must be improved further, and with tools of high capacity computational power, the model could be improved and simulate results closer to reality.中国经济的蓬勃发展带来了水电行业飞速的发展。当前正在建设中的白鹤滩水电站工程就发电容量而言将成为世界第三大水电站。工程预计在2020年完成。对诸如此类的大型投资来说，每一个故障都会导致巨大的经济损失和安全风险。因此对每个细部环节设立的标准都会尤其的高以保证其在未来正常的运作。其中一个风险因素来自于水流对下游消力池的冲击作用，这种冲击会导致河床的冲刷。隶属于清华大学的水利水电工程系利用比例实验模型已经对上述风险进行了评估。然而，本文将评估分析多种风险因素发生的可能性，以及从计算流体力学角度分析减少风险的方法。本文通过建立表孔溢洪道的计算流体力学模型来与试验结果比对。纵向尺度的结果和试验结果具有很高的一致性，其中数值模型纵向距离和纵向扩展的精度分别达到91%和98%。但横向扩展的结果与试验结果相比只有40%的精度。综上所述，纵向尺度的高精度和横向尺度上的小偏差证明这个数值模型可以被用于初步研究分流墩的实施优化。在利用数值模型验证试验结果之后，通过对已有的溢洪道重新设计添加一个分流墩来与原始设计相比，分析其应对性能的变化。陡槽式溢洪道的设计使得水射流的轨迹偏离消力池，并且水射流由其对消力池的影响使纵向扩展增加了3m，增加了34%。在主体流动的中心存在平均最大值为1.9MPa的水压力。因分流墩的存在，压力影响发生在离坝趾2m远的地方。本文中的结果体现了CFD模型的运用在评估水流流量性能方面的潜力。结果也显示了分流墩在提高溢洪道效率上的可行性。然而，这个数值模型的误差性使其只能被用于优化设计的初步研究，并且无法取代物理比例模型。模型需要被进一步完善以求得到最后的结论，而具有大容量计算能力的工具的使用使得模型可以被改进从而模拟出更接近实际的结果。
Kinas ekonomiska tillväxt har bidragit till en massiv utveckling av vattenkraftsbaserad kraftproduktion. Det pågående byggnadsprojektet av vattenkraftverket Baihetan planeras att vara klart till år 2020, och när det står klart kommer det att vara världens tredje största vattenkraftverk vad gäller produktionskapacitet.För varje felaktighet i en investering av Baihetans storlek, kommer det att uppstå stora ekonomiska förluster och säkerhetsrisker. Att säkerställa kvaliteten i varje detalj är därför av extra stor vikt för att undvika förödande konsekvenser. En stor säkerhetsrisk för dammkonstruktionen är erosion av grundfundamentet nedströms av dammen som resultat av en ineffektiv vattenavledning från utskoven. Utvärderingar av denna risk har tidigare genomförts genom experiment på en nerskalad modell vid Institutionen för Hydraulik på Tsinghua Universitet i Peking, Kina. Detta projekt kommer att utvärdera möjligheten att undersöka detta riskmoment och analysera metoder för att minimera dem med hjälp av en numerisk CFD-modell.En CFD-modell för ett av Baihetans utskov har därför konstruerats i syfte att jämföras och valideras mot data från de experimentella resultaten. Resultaten från den numeriska modellen visar god överstämmelse med de experimentella resultaten i longitudinal riktning av jetstrålens nedslagspunkt, med en överenstämmelse på 91% i avståndet från dammen och på 98% i vattnets spridning. Spridningens för jetstrålens bredd är däremot inte tillräckligt noggrann med en överenstämmelse på endast 40% av de experimentella resultaten. Med en god noggrannhet i longitudinal riktning och det dokumenterade felet i transversal riktning, kan CFD-modellen användas för en första analys över effekterna av att optimera energiavledningen genom integration av ett block i utskovets utlopp.Efter valideringen av den numeriska modellen optimerades utskovets geometri med ett block vid utloppet, i syfte att öka spridningen och riktningen för jetstrålen. Det optimerade utskovet testades mot den originella designen för att utvärdera skillnaderna. Med det tillagda blocket riktades jetstrålen bort från nedströmsbassängens mitt och den longitudinella spridningen av vattnet vid nedslagspunkten ökade med 3 m, en förbättring på 34%. Ett maximalt dynamiskt tryck på 1,9 MPa för båda utskoven mättes upp i jetstrålens mitt. Med den optimerade block-designen verkade detta tryck på ett avstånd 2 m längre ifrån dammen jämfört med den originella designen.Resultaten visar potential i användningen av CFD-modeller för att utvärdera avledningen av vatten genom en damms utskov, samt att en integrering av ett block i utskovets utlopp har möjligheten att öka effektiviteten av energiavledningen. Däremot har den numeriska modellen i sin nuvarande version en noggrannhet som endast kan användas för förstudier i optimeringsarbete, och den kan inte ersätta fysiska modeller. För att CFD-modellen ska kunna användas med samma precision som en fysisk modell måste den utvecklas vidare, och med en ökad beräkningskraft har modellen möjlighet att utvecklas till att nå verklighetsmässiga resultat.
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Shaduik, Daria. "Safe operation agenda for Kyiv hydroelectric power station." Thesis, Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. академіка В. Лазаряна, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9331.
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The article deals with the description of Kyiv hydroelectric power station, its technical characteristics and current problems. It is noted that measures have to be taken to prevent the accident at the station.Автори статті порушують питання безпечної експлуатації Київської ГЕС, її технічні характеристики і поточні проблеми. Відзначається, що необхідно вжити заходів для запобігання аварії на станції.
Авторы статьи поднимают вопрос о безопасной эксплуатации Киевской ГЭС, ее технических характеристиках и текущих проблемах. Отмечается, что необходимо принять меры для предотвращения аварии на станции.
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Teferi, Tessema Girum. "Feasibility Study on Mini‐hydroelectric PowerPlant for Rural Electrification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216377.
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Karlsson, Martin. "Electro-mechanical modelling and analysis of hydroelectric rotor systems." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2006/10.
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Ingólfsson, Jónas Thor. "3D BEM Modelling of Tala Hydroelectric Powerhouse Complex, Bhutan." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25430.
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The utilization of the vast hydropower potential the Himalayas possess is growing in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Export of electricity to India is now the largest contributor to the economic well being of the country and an ambitious plan of harnessing over 10000 MW of hydropower by the year 2020 is being carried out. The large scale hydropower development in Bhutan started in the 1980s with construction of the Chhukha hydroelectric plant with capacity of 336 MW. The next milestone was the commission of the 1020 MW Tala hydroelectric plant in 2006 and 2007. The two plants are in close proximity to one another, near the Main Central Thrust of the Himalayan fault system. Here the powerhouse excavations of both power plants will be modelled and analysed, regarding stability and accuracy of rock mass quality parameters, with focus on Tala hydroelectric plant. The powerhouse complex at Tala, which consists of two large caverns, has experienced failure both during construction and while operating. During the excavation of the crown portion of the powerhouse large rockfall occurred in the roof and during the rest of the excavation and after commission rockbolts have been failing. No records are of failure in the Chhukha powerhouse cavern after construction, but during excavation fatal rockfall occurred. The Main Central Thrust provides high horizontal stresses, especially at Tala, in overall poor rock conditions. The initial modelling is done in Examine3D, a 3D BEM elastic modelling software. The model of Tala powerhouse complex is then compared to models from Examine2D and Phase2, elastic 2D BEM and plastic 2D FEM models respectively. The powerhouse of Chhukha is also modelled in Examine3D, and circumstances compared to Tala. Additionally, the model of Tala is matched with actual measured values of convergence, but maximum convergence measured in the powerhouse cavern was 0,374 m. That was done by iterating the Young’s modulus in the Phase2 until a value that represented the actual convergence was found. Elastic models with same Young’s modulus value were then created in the other codes and compared.The challenges of underground excavation in the tectonically active Himalayas is portrayed here, as the high uncertainty in estimates of quality of the rock mass encountered can lead to flawed design. The methodology used here is reviewed and proven to be beneficial as visualization of the problem is far greater in the 3D space.
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Mar, Laura E. (Laura Elizabeth). "Carbon impact of proposed hydroelectric dams in Chilean Patagonia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53068.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62).
The concern for and awareness of climate change is growing, and the world needs to react quickly and efficiently to manage the carbon intensity of the global energy industry. Making smart decisions about energy technology development requires a methodology to compare alternatives; one such methodology is a greenhouse gas emissions impact assessment. In the Aysen region of Chilean Patagonia, five hydroelectric dams with a nameplate capacity of 2,750 MW are proposed on the Rio Baker and Rio Pascua. The electricity will be transmitted 2,240 kilometers north to the industrial demand center in the Santiago vicinity. In this analysis, the greenhouse gas impact of the proposed dams is compared to the baseline scenario: developing natural gas power plants near Santiago. Emissions from four categories are calculated: construction, material embedded energy, land-use change, and operations. The main source of available data is published literature, a synthesis of which will serve as the basis for this thesis. Additional information is drawn from local contacts and discussions with local stakeholders. Of the six greenhouse gases, this study will focus on carbon dioxide and methane, reported as carbon dioxide equivalents. Results show that the natural gas alternative emits 13 times more carbon dioxide than the proposed hydroelectric plants with the high-voltage transmission line. However, the impact of deforestation to build the transmission lines is significant, and less carbon intensive options are likely available.
by Laura E. Mar.
M.Eng.
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Pacca, Sérgio Almeida. "A Integração das Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas ao Meio Ambiente e os Aspectos Legais Relacionados\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19092011-164651/.
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O grande desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da civilização moderna está relacionado com uma crescente demanda de energia, seja ela oriunda de fontes renováveis ou não. Mesmo que nos últimos anos tenhamos alcançado resultados significativos no tocante à melhoria da eficiência energética, a expansão da oferta ainda se destaca em qualquer parte do mundo. A produção de energia é um grande desafio, não somente por constituir-se na garantia de uma vida com alto padrão de realizações, mas também por impor restrições e limites que levam em conta os efeitos negativos, representados por degradações ambientais e custos sociais nem sempre desprezíveis. Um ajuste entre esses dois extremos parece ser balizamento necessário para qualquer projeto que pretenda produzir energia suficiente, sustentando o progresso tecnológico e mantendo ao mesmo tempo condições de boa qualidade. Assim, o tema energia e meio ambiente caracteriza-se pela interdisciplinaridade, que deve estar presente em todas as questões e em todos os momentos de decisões. Muitas pesquisas e reflexões sobre o assunto têm sido disseminadas, abordando cada um desses aspectos ou relações entre vários deles. Nesse contexto, apresentando-se como o principal problema ambiental global, está a preocupação com as emissões que agravam o efeito estufa no planeta.The great scientific and technological development of modern civilization is related to a growing demand for energy, whether coming from renewable sources or not. Even in recent years have achieved results significant in terms of improving energy efficiency, the expansion the offer still stands out anywhere in the world. Energy production is a major challenge, not only by form on the guarantee of a life with high standards of achievement, but also to impose restrictions and limits that take into account the negative effects, represented by environmental degradation and costs social not always negligible. A compromise between these two extremes seems to be marking required for any project that intends to produce energy enough, sustaining technological progress while at the same good weather conditions. Thus, the subject of energy and environment is characterized by interdisciplinarity, which must be present on all issues and at all times making. Much research and reflections on the subject have been disseminated by addressing each of these aspects or relationships between several of them. In this context, presenting itself as the main problem global environmental concern is the emissions that worsen the greenhouse gases on the planet.
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Gencoglu, Cihangir. "Assessment Of The Effect Of Hydroelectric Power Plants'." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612165/index.pdf.
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The Turkish TSO (TEIAS) has been leading a project that aims the synchronous interconnected operation of the Turkish Power System and the ENTSO-E CESA (former UCTE) System. For this purpose, this study concentrates on the specific problems related to the electromechanical systems of large size hydroelectric power plants regarding low frequency inter area oscillations, which are prone to occur once the interconnected operation is established. The expected frequency of inter area oscillations after interconnected operation is close to 0.15 Hz, which is in the frequency range of the speed governing structures of turbines, as explained in the first two sections of the thesis. In the third section, the nonlinear turbine governor model used throughout the study is explained. In the following part, the governor parameter tuning study with regard to the defined performance objectives is explained. Afterwards, the effect of the retuned governor settings of the sample hydroelectric power plants on a simple multi machine power system is shown. Following that, the system wide effect of removing the sources of negative damping, which are strongly dependent on the governor settings of the major hydroelectric power plants of the Turkish Power System, is shown. In the final part, conclusions are made on the operation of the hydroelectric power plants regarding the frequency stability of the system after synchronous interconnected operation of the Turkish Power System and the ENTSO-E CESA System.
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Teferi, Tessema Girum. "Feasibility Study on Mini-hydroelectric Power Plant for Rural Electrification." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216985.
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Gawne, Kevin D. "Developing an acoustic discharge measurement technique for hydroelectric performance testing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23314.pdf.
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Rule, James Arthur. "A strategy for modeling hydroelectric plants and improving their performance." Diss., This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135937/.
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Faulkner, Simon A. "A simplified low head propeller turbine for micro hydroelectric power." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6456.
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This thesis describes the development of a simplified propeller turbine unit to produce power in a low head micro hydroelectric power installation.
To be appropriate for remote areas and developing countries, a micro hydro system needs to be simple in design. There are good turbine designs for medium to high heads but traditional designs for heads under about 10m, ie, the crossflow turbine and waterwheel, are slow running, requiring substantial speed increase to drive an AC generator. Propeller turbines have a higher running speed but are normally too complicated for micro hydro installations.
In this thesis a suitable propeller turbine was developed. The effect of flat blades and optimum turbine blade and guide vane angles has been determined, as has the effect of various cones attached to the downstream end of the hub. The large hub diameter is an important compromise.
A prototype turbine for installation on a New Zealand farm was developed from model tests. The turbine has a hub diameter to blade tip diameter ratio of 0.66 and 8 flat blades set at 30° to tangential (60° from axial). The best efficiency of the model turbine was 62%, with an efficiency of 57% at the best power point. Using scaling laws it is predicted that the prototype, with a blade tip diameter of 0.410m, will produce 6.0kW at 612 RPM from a head of 2.7m and a flow rate of 0.41m³/s. This gives 4.3kW output from the 50Hz 2-pole generator. This prediction is for no cone fitted on the downstream end of the hub, but model tests indicate that the power could be improved by about 5% with the addition of a straight sided cone on the hub.
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Demetriades, Georgios Manoli. "Integral propeller turbine-induction generator units for village hydroelectric schemes." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363325.
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Watkin, L. "Environmental conflict and decision-making : the case of hydroelectric power." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348832/.
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As management of the environment becomes more complex and the number of potentially conflicting issues to be balanced expands, there will be increasing and more intense debates about the course(s) of action(s) to be taken. Navigation of conflict determines trade-offs established and decisions taken, and will become progressively important, as the need to unify incompatible uses grows. Both definition and management of environmental conflict is ambiguous, lacking in understanding and mechanisms to effectively handle disputes. Interdisciplinary consideration of conflict highlights its potential to yield functional and dysfunctional aspects, recognising dispute is not inherently negative. Framing environmental debates as conflict situations may yield substantial management benefits. Using case studies (UK), this research identifies the impact of stakeholder conflict on achieving sustainable decision-making, and, seeks to develop conceptual tools to aid exploration of disputes, using the issue of hydropower development. Growing environment awareness has simultaneously emphasised the benefits of hydroelectric power and its environmental costs. In a changing policy climate, where renewable energy generation potential and environmental protection are needed, conflict between stakeholders is considerable. To meet practitioner’s needs, an understanding of conflict is needed. Findings highlight the existence and nature of stakeholder conflict. Environmental conflict is epitomized by: parameters of the problem, characteristics of the stakeholders and dispute process. Conflict is recognised as a platform for expression which may yield functional or dysfunctional consequences for decision-making. The impact of the individual is significant; variables such as perceptions, behaviours and personalities, alongside facets of the problem, characterise disputes. Assessment of conflict at a range of spatial and temporal scales, established capacity for escalation, stagnation and the development of impasses, each with differential impacts on decision-making. A conceptual framework illustrating the impact of conflict on decision-making, and role in the facilitation of change is generated. Conflict is recognised as a critical management point for facilitating sustainable decisions. From a management perspective, it is important to manage conflict at this critical point to achieve the best decision. This research outlines an alternative approach to the conceptualisation and management of environmental conflict, and highlights the significant impact of the individuals involved. The identification, application and further development of methodologies have yielded a number of conceptual tools for conflict management. Recognising the important role of conflict as a mechanism for change may be crucial for the future of environmental management.
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Quiroga, Oscar Daniel. "Modelling and nonlinear control of voltage frequency of hydroelectric power plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5934.
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Las centrales hidroeléctricas, como sistemas reales, tienen un comportamiento no lineal. Con el objetivo de diseñar controladores para turbinas, fue una práctica normal en el pasado considerar o simplificar estos comportamientos no lineales linealizando en un punto de operación las ecuaciones diferenciales que representan la dinámica de la central hidroeléctrica. La principal motivación de esta tesis nace como consecuencia y la necesidad de mejorar y optimizar las respuestas dinámicas de las plantas hidroeléctricas, considerando estos comportamientos no lineales, conduciendo a modelos dinámicos más realistas del sistema de la turbina hidráulica, además, desarrollar y diseñar controladores más eficientes. Esta tesis considera en general el caso de sistemas de operación aislados, este es el caso de una central hidroeléctrica alimentando una carga aislada. En esta tesis se cubren dos objetivos principales: 1) Profundizar el Conocimiento de los Modelos de Sistemas Hidroeléctricos, 2) Diseñar Controladores a Partir de Modelos Probados.
Profundizar el Conocimiento de los Modelos de Sistemas Hidroeléctricos
Este objetivo consiste en desarrollar un análisis comparativo de diferentes modelos de centrales hidroeléctricas aplicados al control de la velocidad de giro de la turbina, y proponer nuevos modelos. Con este propósito se utilizan parámetros tomados de diferentes centrales hidroeléctricas referenciadas en la bibliografía. Además, se propone la identificación de la central hidroeléctrica de Susqueda (Río Ter, Girona) usando estos modelos previamente refinados. Un paso previo muy importante para el diseño de un controlador es obtener un modelo dinámico de un sistema hidráulico confiable.
Diseñar Controladores a Partir de Modelos Probados
El segundo objetivo es el desarrollo y diseño de controladores de la frecuencia (velocidad de giro) para centrales hidroeléctricas usando técnicas de control no lineal basadas en técnicas de la geometría diferencial y de la función de Lyapunov. En ambos casos los controladores son diseñados a partir de modelos de sistemas hidráulicos no lineales. Los resultados demuestran que usando dos funciones de coste, los controladores no lineales mejoran el comportamiento dado por los clásicos controladores PID entre un veinte y un doce por ciento, y con respecto a un controlador Gain Scheduling la mejora es entre un quince y un doce por ciento.
Hydroelectric power plants, like real systems, have nonlinear behaviour. In order to design turbine controllers, it was normal practice in the past to consider or simplify these nonlinear behaviours by linearizing at an operating point the differential equations that represent the dynamics of the hydroelectric plant. The main motivation of this dissertation was born as a consequence and necessity of improving and optimising the dynamic responses of hydroelectric plants, by taking into account these nonlinear behaviours, leading to more realistic dynamic models of the hydraulic turbine system and to the development and design of more efficient controllers. This dissertation considers in general the case of isolated system operations; it is therefore the case of a hydroelectric power plant supplying an isolated load.
Two objectives are covered in this dissertation: 1) To Deepen the Knowledge of Hydroelectric System Models, 2) To Design Controllers from Well Proven Models.
To Deepen the Knowledge of Hydroelectric System Models
This objective consists of performing a detailed comparative analysis of different existent hydroelectric models applied to speed control and propose new ones. For this purpose real parameters taken from many hydroelectric power plants referenced in the bibliography are utilised.
Moreover, the identification of a hydroelectric power plant on the Ter River (Susqueda) is proposed by using these previously refined models. To obtain a reliable dynamic model of hydraulic turbine systems is an important step prior to the controller design.
To Design Controllers from Well Proven Models
The second objective is the development and design of frequency (speed) controllers for hydroelectric power plants by using nonlinear control techniques based on differential geometry and on the Lyapunov function. For both cases the controllers are designed from nonlinear dynamic models of hydraulic turbine systems. The results demonstrate that using two cost functions the nonlinear controllers improve the behaviour given by classical PID controllers between a twenty and a twelve per cent, and with respect a Gain Scheduling controller the improvement is between a fifteen and a twelve per cent.
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Bozkurt, Melih. "Feasibility Of A Supplementary Water Storage For Birkapili Hydroelectric Power Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613588/index.pdf.
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Climate change concerns, high oil prices and increasing government support are some of the driving reasons of increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives, and commercialization. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy and refers to electricity generated by hydropower. In this study, a storage facility is proposed to store some additional water and increase the profitability of the existing Birkapili Hydroelectric Power Plant. The storage facility is composed of a gravity dam and an uncontrolled spillway. With the help of the proposed storage facility, maximum utilization of the water is provided and shift of the electricity generation to peak demand periods becomes possible. Consequently, feasibility of the existing power plant is improved. A number of alternatives for a spillway are taken into account and the corresponding concrete gravity dam is designed. Stability analyses and operation studies are conducted using spreadsheets to achieve an economical solution.
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Zhang, Pixin. "Cracking and failure of hydroelectric engineering structures due to thermal loads." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/NQ41650.pdf.
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Micheli, Lorenzo. "Feasibility study for a hydroelectric installation on the Arno River (Italy)." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6838.
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Energy need is a primary requirement of our society. Many interests and
concerns turn around this matter. It includes policy, economy, environment,
etc... Renewable energy is considered to be a good alternative from fossil
sources and nuclear power. Renewable sources are known as “green” because
of the low impact on the Earth equilibriums. Furthermore they are not
exhaustible because they utilize the ecosystem cycles. Hydroelectricity is an
established technology. In most of the industrialized countries large scale
hydropower has been widely exploited, but there are possibilities of growth for
mini-hydro schemes. In developing countries the unexploited potential is
considered to be bigger. This thesis details an analysis into various aspects of
hydropower, in particular it deals with micro-hydro and pico-hydro applications.
A literature review about existing plants is presented; a few cases are shown in
which pico hydro plants are used for the electrification of remote communities in
developing countries. A feasibility study has been carried out for a hydroelectric
installation on the Arno river (Italy). Three different solutions have been
proposed for the realization of the scheme. One of them is a pico hydro
installation. Hypothetical benefits from the plant realization have been
evaluated, together with the scenario in which this plant would operate.
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RAMIDAN, MARCO ANTONIO DA SILVA. "THE GULLY PROCESS STUDY NEXT TO THE ITUMBIARA HYDROELECTRIC COMPLEX - GO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4372@1.
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Esta dissertação, desenvolvida dentro do contexto do projeto PRONEX do Centro Geotécnico de Meio Ambiente da PUC-Rio e através de um convênio com FURNAS - PUC-Rio, apresenta uma contribuição quanto à identificação e compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos em processos de erosão, considerando seus aspectos geológico-geotécnicos bem como medidas preventivas de reparo no caso da formação
de uma voçoroca específica. A evolução do processo erosivo estudado tem suas origens na remoção mecânica de uma camada com cerca de cinco metros de solo argiloso de uma área explorada na época da construção de uma barragem de terra homogênea pertencente ao complexo Hidrelétrico de Itumbiara. Os principais aspectos da área estudada, tais como sua localização, condições climáticas e tipos de solo
e vegetação foram considerados no desenvolvimento do trabalho, além de aspectos geológicos regionais e
características geológico-geotécnicas da área afetada pelos processos de erosão. Tomando como base o perfil de intemperismo identificado pela inspeção das paredes da formação da voçoroca, bem como amostras de furos de sondagens SPT (ensaio de penetração normal), quatro tipos de camadas de solo foram tomados como representantes das condições do local. Objetivando-se a identificação, classificação e definição do potencial de erosão de tais materiais, espécies de amostras indeformadas de bloco (bem
como as amolgadas) foram submetidas a investigações laboratoriais abrangendo: ensaio convencional de
caracterização de solo; ensaio de caracterização MCT (mini-MCV); Crumb Test; ensaio de Desagregação; Pinhole Test; e Inderbitzen; ensaios de permeabilidade (também desenvolvidos em campo); análise química da água intersticial; análise mineralógica (difração de raios - X); ensaio de Resistência a Tração (sob condições de saturações diferentes) e ensaio de papel filtro (para definição das curvas características da umidade). Baseado em testes de laboratório, observações e dados de pesquisas de campo
advindos de um monitoramento de poro-pressão (através de piezômetros instalados no local), mecanismos de erosão que possam predominar na área foram definidos como: micro-ravinas, ravinas e voçorocas, dentre outros. Também, ao final do trabalho, são apresentadas sugestões para remediação do local, considerando-se medidas corretivas usadas dentro do contexto da prática geotécnica convencional, e uma metodologia a ser seguida em investigações futuras relacionadas à caracterização do local e desenvolvimento de processos de erosão.This dissertation, developed within the context of the PRONEX Project of the Environmental Geotechnical Center of PUC-Rio and through a FURNAS-PUC-Rio Convenium, presents a contribution towards the identification and comprehension of mechanisms involved in erosion processes, considering its geological and geotechnical aspects as well as preventive repairing measures in the case of a specific gully formation. The evolution of the studied erosive process has its origin in the mechanical removal of some five meters of a clayey soil layer from a borrow area exploited at the time of the construction of an homogeneous embankment dam belonging to the Itumbiara Hydroelectric Complex. The main aspects of the studied area, such as its location, climatic conditions and soil and vegetation types were considered in the development of the work, besides regional geological aspects and geological-geotechnical features of the area affected by the erosion processes. Taking as a basis the unsaturated weathering profile identified by inspection of the walls of the gully formation, as well as of samples from SPT (standard penetration test) boreholes, four types of soil layers were taken as representative of site conditions. Aiming the identification, classification and definition of the erodibility potential of such materials, specimens from undisturbed block samples (as well as remolded ones) were submitted to laboratory investigations comprising: conventional soil characterization tests; MCT characterization test (mini-MCV); crumb test; desegregation test; pinhole test; Inderbitzen test, permeability tests (also performed in the field); chemical analysis (both soil and voids -water); mineralogical analysis (Xrays diffraction); tensile strength test (under different saturation conditions) and filter paper test (for definition of soil-moisture characteristic curves). Based on the results of the laboratory tests, field observations and data from pore-pressure monitoring (through piezometers installed in the site), erosion mechanisms that may prevail in the area were defined as micro-rills, rill, gully and others. Also, at the end of the work, are presented suggestions for remediation of the site, considering corrective measures used within the context of conventional geotechnical practice, and a methodology to be followed in further investigations related to the characterization of the site and development of erosion processes.
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LEOPOLDINO, CRISTINA MARIA DE ANDRADE. "EXPANSION OF THE PEAK CAPACITY OF AN INTERCONNECTED HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING SYSTEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9276@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORDescreve-se uma metodologia para planejamento da expansão da capacidade de ponta em sistemas interligados de usinas hidroelétricas. O objetivo é determinar os geradores e linhas de transmissão a serem instalados no sistema existente, de forma a suprir a carga prevista da maneira mais econômica possível, satisfazendo restrições de confiabilidade. A solução é baseada no método de decomposição de Benders, sendo o problema mestre um problema de programação inteira e o subproblema um problema estocástico de fluxo em redes.
This thesis describes a methodology for peak capacity expansion of interconnected hydroelectric generating systems. The objective is to minimize investments in generators and transmission lines, subject to contraints on supply reliability. The solution approach is based on Benders decomposition, in which the master problem is an integer programming problem and the subploblem is a stochastic network flow problem.
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Chen, Qiyu. "Coordinated scheduling of hydroelectric and wind power generation in power systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680862.
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Wind generation has emerged as an important renewable resource for power systems in recent years. However, the stochastic availability and variability of wind make scheduled generation dispatch complex. Therefore, a Coordinated Hydro and Wind Generation (CHWG) strategy is proposed to improve scheduled dispatch and thereby contribute to preservation of system stability, while offering access to wind energy at grid level. The CHWG is described in detail and a feasibility study has been conducted. In CHWG strategy, the hydroelectric generation is proposed for energy reserve and compensation in the context of wind power fluctuation in order to avoid curtailment of wind generation to benefit wind providers. An optimal dispatch model for CHWG proposed, which includes a wind forecasting confidence interval and electricity tariff. The boundary constraint and inertia coefficient of a particle swarm optimization algorithm are adopted and used to solve the optimal dispatch model. The model is applied to a wind farm system in North China to exemplify the proposed strategy. The following work and achievements are related to the use of the CHWG method. CHWG enhances the capacity of peak load regulation with offshore wind power integration. A model is presented to study the capacity of peak load regulation with offshore wind power integration. Meantime, a CHWG strategy mode is adopted to provide peak load regulation and some measures are proposed to improve regulation. A power system model is used to demonstrate that wind power fluctuations can readily render Over-frequency generator tripping (OFGT) and under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) mal-operation. Using the proposed CHWG strategy, a coordinated approach is proposed to resolve problems associated with OFGT and UFLS and preserve system stability. Finally, a risk assessment model (RAM) for wind generator tripping is established and verified by simulation results from a provincial Power Grid of China on line data.
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Harrison, Gareth Paul. "An assessment of the impact of climate change on hydroelectric power." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/288.
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Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Rising temperatures and alteration of weather patterns are anticipated to result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, caused, in part, by the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation. Climate change is predicted to have major impacts on many aspects of human society from agriculture to water supply. The process of limiting the extent of climatic change began with the Kyoto Protocol, committing industrialised nations to modest cuts in their emissions. To achieve these and in the longer term, much greater cuts, electricity production must reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, by the increased use of renewable resources. Hydropower is currently the only major renewable source contributing to energy supply, and its future contribution is anticipated to increase significantly. However, the successful expansion of hydropower is dependent on the availability of the resource and the perceptions of those financing it. Increased evaporation, as a result of higher temperatures, together with changes in precipitation patterns may alter the timing and magnitude of river flows. This will affect the ability of hydropower stations to harness the resource, and may result in reduced energy production, implying lower revenues and poorer financial returns. The continuing liberalisation of the electricity industry implies that, increasingly, profitability and the level of risk will drive investment decision-making. As such, investors will be concerned with processes, such as climatic change, that have the potential to alter the balance of risk and reward. This thesis describes a methodology to assess the potential impact of climatic change on hydropower investment, and details the implementation of a technique for quantifying changes in profitability and risk. A case study is presented as an illustration, the results of which are analysed with respect to the implications for future provision of hydropower, as well as our ability to limit the extent of climatic change.
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Polozhiy, S. "Grounding of ecological and economical operating efficiency of hydroelectric power plant." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8240.
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King, Robert Donald 1954. "FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS (HYDROELECTRIC, PLANNING, RECONNAISSANCE, WATER RESOURCES)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292069.
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Pascale, Andrew. "Life cycle analysis of a community hydroelectric system in rural Thailand." Thesis, Pascale, Andrew (2010) Life cycle analysis of a community hydroelectric system in rural Thailand. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3486/.
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This study iteratively applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to a three kilowatt community hydroelectric system located in Huai Kra Thing (HKT) village in rural Thailand. The cradle to grave analysis models the hydropower scheme’s construction, operation and end of life phases over a period of twenty years and includes all relevant equipment, materials and transportation. This study asks whether the HKT hydroelectric power system has the fewest environmental negatives of equivalent electrification options for the village over its 20 year life span.
The study results in the enumeration of the environmental credentials of the HKT hydropower system and highlights the need to place environmental performance, and LCA itself, in a proper context. Credentials are established though comparison with rural electrification alternatives and sensitivity analyses.
In the broadest sense, LCA results for the HKT hydropower system are in line with a common trend reported in hydropower LCA literature, namely that smaller hydropower systems have a greater environmental impact per kWh than larger systems. Placed within a rural electrification context, however, the HKT hydropower system yields better environmental outcomes than all surveyed alternatives. Sensitivity analyses reveal that only when worst system design and performance are approached do the environmental credentials of the HKT hydropower system become questionable.
Successful community electrification rests on the locally led adaptation of globally sourced technology to meet the specific environmental, social and economic challenges of rural areas. The further useful application of LCA to rural electrification in Thailand requires similar intervention. Local stakeholder involvement is needed to adapt LCA to rural electrification conditions, collect Thai specific manufacturing data, normalize results to Thailand and report findings in an appropriate manner for local populations. Undertaken collaboratively with local stakeholders and integrated with tools such as life cycle costing, LCA can be an indispensable input into rural electrification decision making in Thailand.
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Barnard, Joanna Mary. "The value of inflow forecasting in the operation of a hydroelectric reservoir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27759.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines the value of conceptual hydrologic forecasting in the operation of a hydroelectric generating project. The conceptual forecasting method used is the UBC Watershed Model. The value of the conceptual forecast is determined by comparing results obtained by use of the forecast to those obtained by use of a forecast based purely on the historic record. The effect of the size of the reservoir on the value of the forecast is also considered.
The operation of a hypothetical project is modelled using dynamic programming. The operation of the project is optimized using the conceptual and historic forecasts to generate a variety of operating policies. The operation of the project is then simulated using the derived operating policies and several test years of real data, to determine the potential energy generation for each scenario. The analysis is performed for several reservoir sizes and for deterministic and two stochastic representations of the data.
The analysis concludes that conceptual forecasting is most useful when the annual flow is significantly different from the average annual flow of the basin. If an historic forecast is used, a deterministic representation of the data is most valuable. If a conceptual forecast is used stochastic analysis gives the most efficient operation. Forecasting of either kind is valuable for reservoir sizes greater than 25% of the mean annual flow, but the value decreases as the volume approaches 100% of the mean annual flow.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Yuan, John Haojiang. "Experimental investigation of large spring-supported thrust bearings used in hydroelectric generators." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ53526.pdf.
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Andrade, Dagmar Luz de. "An object-oriented knowledge-based system for hydroelectric power plant turbine selection." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1171487350.
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Abolghasemi, Riseh Hamideh. "Optimization of the Kootenay River hydroelectric system with a linear programming model." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5792.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of hydroelectric system optimization is to determine an operating policy for
the best use of available resources. In order to find the optimum policy one should decide on the
trade-off between the marginal value of water in the reservoirs and the amount of electricity
produced electricity. The variability of natural inflows along with local and environmental
limitations and special procedures and regulations, makes the decision making process more
challenging for an operation planner of a reservoir system.
The region considered in this study is the Kootenay River System and it includes five
hydroelectric plants and a canal. The main storage reservoir in this system is the Kootenay Lake,
which is the largest natural lake in British Columbia, Canada. The operation of the Kootenay
system is complex because day-to-day operation decisions should satisfr all existing rules and
water treaties and agreements in the area. In addition, a power generation schedule should take
advantage of electricity markets and meet local load demands.
This thesis developed a Linear Programming model to optimize the operation of the Kootenay
system on daily timesteps for studies up to one year. Due to the operational complexities, the
Kootenay system was not included in the optimization models developed at B.C Hydro (BCH).
This model can be an extension to the existing “STOM” (Short Term Optimization Model) and
Generalized Optimization Model “GOM”, which have been successfully adopted by BCH to
optimize the daily operation of its plants. This is the first optimization model for the operation of
Kootenay System and was developed in accordance with all the existing international treaties
and special constraints on this system.
Results obtained using the model have indicated that this model can successfully optimize the
operation of the Kootenay system. Comparison of this model to the current operation method
showed that with respect to all system’s constraints and value of water, the optimization model
can yield a higher value of electricity generation and it is expected that it will be added to the set
of tools used by the system operation engineers for their daily operations.
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Anieheobi, Callistus Chukwuemeka. "Congo-Nigeria hydroelectric superhighway grid : an economic viable option / Anieheobi Callistus C." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3667.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity availability and stability have a great contributory share of industrialization growth rate, poverty statistics, unemployment, foreign investors' participation, medium and small scale encouragement, crime and mortality rates recorded in any country. Nigeria as a country has been challenged with unstable and unreliable power supply.
There are many problems associated with electricity production in Nigeria. Such problems are recorded in the generation, transmission and distribution facets of electricity production.
With a multi-faceted problem, this document has been developed to deal with the economic aspect of power generation in Nigeria. Out of numerous technologies that are used in power generation, Nigerian predominantly sources its electricity supply from gas power plants and hydropower systems located within the country. Unfortunately, the Nigeria hydropower has been challenged with hydrological shortfalls. The gas power plant which is now conventional is being challenged with the developing gas technology around the globe. This development has adversely affected the cost of gas and subsequently the cost of power production using gas power plants.
As a result of hydrological limitations on Nigerian hydropower dams, effect of gas price on cost of energy produced and diversifying gas technology, harnessing electric energy from Inga falls of River Congo was considered as an economic choice of power production in Nigeria. The choice of power production adopted in this document was made from an economic viability studies carried out between Nigerian gas power plants and hydropower production from the River Congo.
The choice of technology employed for harnessing electric energy is largely dependent on the economic factors that go with the development. While some of these technologies go with large initial capital investment some are challenged with geometric increase of running cost. As applied in this work, the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Levelized Cost of Energy and Cash Flow Trend Analysis are suitable tools to determine choice of power plant. These tools were integrated and developed as an NILC model.
In the analysis presented in this dissertation, the economic viability of the two power plants selected was determined with the use of the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Levelized Cost of Energy and Cash Flow Trend Analysis (NILC) model. The model was used to measure the economic viability quantities of the two power plants selected for economic comparison.
After the completion of economic comparative analysis, hydropower production from the River Congo was concluded to be a better choice of power production compared to the conventional gas power plant option in Nigeria.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Burrall, Kristen M. "Stochastic optimization of hydroelectric dam operations on the Biobio River in Chile." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50624.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-33).
Growing electricity demand in Chile has prompted the proposal of new hydropower projects. In addition to evaluating new projects to satisfy demand, a holistic assessment of alternatives as well as potential gains from improved utilization of current hydropower resources should be completed. This study aims to quantify potential gains from optimizing reservoir operations through a case study of the 2-dam system, consisting of the Pangue and Ralco dams, on the Biobio River. This analysis includes results from an optimization model built in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) and two simulations built in MATLAB by the author to assess the efficacy of various operational schemes.
by Kristen M. Burrall.
M.Eng.
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Campeau, Benjamin R. Jr. "Hydroelectric power optimization using a decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44609.
Full textAbstract:
The optimization of hydroelectric power is one area of water resources
management where the implementation of supply management techniques could yield enormous social welfare benefits. A broad spectrum of computer modeling and analysis techniques have been applied to the hydroelectric power production model in an attempt to improve the real-time operation of reservoir systems. The nonconvex, nonseparable hydropower objective function poses a formidable task in devising a global optimization scheme. A decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form is used to develop an algorithm that will find a near global optimum of a nonlinear hydroelectric power optimization model. The decomposition scheme, due to Pardalos et aI., splits the indefinite quadratic form into separable concave and convex parts. A Taylor series approximation is applied to the concave part, which, along with the separated convex part, is a convex underestimating problem (minimization) that can be solved efficiently. The decomposition technique is applied to two models of reservoir systems within the Upper Green River Basin and the models are solved using the GAMS/MINOS computer code. A comparison of the results obtained from successive linear programming, a fixed head linearization strategy, and direct nonlinear optimization of the nonconvex objective, with the results of the decomposition procedure, indicates the new algorithm has advantages over these techniques.Master of Science
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Campeau, Benjamin R. "Hydroelectric power optimization using a decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040836/.
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Hernandez, German Ardul Munoz. "Application of model based predictive control to a pumped storage hydroelectric plant." Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/application-of-model-based-predictive-control-to-a-pumped-storage-hydroelectric-plant(297cbcf2-0fdb-4f9a-9f84-5f43a1052606).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the development of a Predictive Control to SISO and multivariable linear and nonlinear models of Dinorwig pumped storage hydroelectric power station. The results show that Generalised Predictive Control (GPC) offers significantly better performance across the plant's operating range when compared with classic PI controllers. The GPC controller produces a faster response when the station is operating with a single unit while preserving stability as the operating conditions change when multiple units are on-line. Inclusion of constraints in the GPC controller yields a fast, well-damped response in the common case when only a single Unit is in operation, without compromising stability when multiple Units are on-line. Simulation has also shown that improved power delivery is obtained when the plant is operated in frequency control mode. In the final part of the work a Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) predictive control was developed and applied to a MIMO nonlinear elastic model of Dinorwig. The results show that MLD predictive control is faster and less sensitive than the constrained GPC. The MLD predictive control can also be integrated with high-level plant functions.
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Bou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche vise à optimiser la procédure opérationnelle des centrales hydroélectriques en cascade afin de les utiliser efficacement pour la production d’électricité et l’irrigation. Le défi consistait à trouver le modèle le plus réaliste basé sur la caractéristique stochastique des ressources en eau, sur la demande en énergie et sur le profil d'irrigation. Tous ces aspects sont affectés à court et à long terme par un large éventail de conditions différentes (hydrologique, météorologique et hydraulique). Au cours de ce projet, une étude bibliographique a été réalisée afin d'identifier les problèmes techniques qui empêchent l'utilisation efficace des centrales hydroélectriques dans les pays en développement. Le système est modélisé numériquement en tenant compte de toutes les variables et paramètres impliqués dans le fonctionnement optimal. L'approche la plus appropriée est choisie afin de maximiser l'utilisation efficace de l'eau et de minimiser les pertes économiques, où différents scénarios sont simulés afin de valider les solutions adoptéesThis research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions
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Alford, John Matthew. "The Power Politics of Hells Canyon." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278138/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the controversy regarding Hells Canyon on the Snake River, North America's deepest gorge. Throughout the 1950s, federal and private electric power proponents wrangled over who would harness the canyon's potential for generating hydroelectricity. After a decade of debate, the privately-owned Idaho Power Company won the right to build three small dams in the canyon versus one large public power structure. The thesis concludes that private development of Hells Canyon led to incomplete resource development. Further, support of private development led to extensive Republican electoral losses in the Pacific Northwest during the 1950s.
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Heffron, Ronald E. "The development and deployment of a submersible ROV for the underwater inspection of hydroelectric station tunnels." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020029/.
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Zhou, Dequan. "The value of one month ahead inflow forecasting in the operation of a hydroelectric reservoir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30145.
Full textAbstract:
The research assesses the value of forecast information in operating a hydro-electric project with a storage reservoir. The benefits are the increased hydro power production,
when forecasts are available. The value of short term forecasts is determined by comparing results obtained with the use of one month ahead perfect predictions to those obtained without forecasts but a knowledge of the statistics of the possible flows. The benefits with perfect forecasts provide an upper limit to the benefits which could be obtained with actual less than perfect forecasts. The effects of generating capacity and flow patterns are also discussed.
The operation of a hypothetical but typical project is modelled using stochastic dynamic
programming. A simple model of streamflow is formulated based on the historical statistics ( means and deviations).
The conclusions are: The inflow forecasts can improve the operational efficiency of the reservoir considerably because of the reduction in forecasting uncertainty. The maximum release constraints affect the additional expected values. The benefits from the forecasts increase as the discharge limits reduce. Flow predictions in the high flow season are most valuable when the runoff in that time period dominates the annual flow pattern. However flow predictions at other times of the year also have value.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Wells, Philippa Katherine. "Uncovering "regimes of truth" locating and defining discourses associated with hydro-electric development in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the Doctor of Philosophy, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
Find full text
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Abdalla, Alaa Eatzaz. "A reinforcement learning algorithm for operations planning of a hydroelectric power multireservoir system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30702.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of reservoir operations planning is to determine the optimum
operation policies that maximize the expected value of the system resources over the
planning horizon. This control problem is challenged with different sources of
uncertainty that a reservoir system planner has to deal with. In the reservoir operations
planning problem, there is a trade-off between the marginal value of water in storage and
the electricity market price. The marginal value of water is uncertain too and is largely
dependent on storage in the reservoir and storage in other reservoirs as well. The
challenge here is how to deal with this large scale multireservoir problem under the
encountered uncertainties.
In this thesis, the use of a novel methodology to establish a good approximation of the
optimal control of a large-scale hydroelectric power system applying Reinforcement
Learning (RL) is presented. RL is an artificial intelligence method to machine learning
that offers key advantages in handling problems that are too large to be solved by
conventional dynamic programming methods. In this approach, a control agent
progressively learns the optimal strategies that maximize rewards through interaction
with a dynamic environment. This thesis introduces the main concepts and computational
aspects of using RL for the multireservoir operations planning problem.
A scenario generation-moment matching technique was adopted to generate a set of
scenarios for the natural river inflows, electricity load, and market prices random
variables. In this way, the statistical properties of the original distributions are preserved.
The developed reinforcement learning reservoir optimization model (RLROM) was
successfully applied to the BC Hydro main reservoirs on the Peace and Columbia Rivers.
The model was used to: derive optimal control policies for this multireservoir system, to
estimate the value of water in storage, and to establish the marginal value of water /
energy. The RLROM outputs were compared to the classical method of optimizing
reservoir operations, namely, stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), and the results for
one and two reservoir systems were identical. The results suggests that the RL model is
much more efficient at handling large scale reservoir operations problems and can give a
very good approximate solution to this complex problem.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate