Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrogen embrittlement of metals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrogen embrittlement of metals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

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Herlach, D., C. Kottler, T. Wider, and K. Maier. "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals." Physica B: Condensed Matter 289-290 (August 2000): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00431-2.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals VII, Hydrogen embrittlement(1)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 7 (1986): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.633.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals. VIII Hydrogen embrittlement. (2)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 11 (1986): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.931.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals. IX Hydrogen embrittlement. (3)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 26, no. 3 (1987): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.26.208.

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Birnbaum, H. K., and I. M. Robertson. "Hydrogen embrittlement." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155037.

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The effects of hydrogen on the fracture of metals will be reviewed using a selection of observations based on the use of in situ environmental cell experiments. These were developed to allow understanding of the mechanisms of the failure process. The in situ technique, combined with use of the environmental cell, is well suited to mechanistic studies of environmental fracture as it allows observation of crack tip processes at high resolution and in a relatively high fugacity aggressive environment. These methods have been applied to studies of the behavior of several systems. Selected examples will be discussed and a general pattern of behavior will be developed.A clear distinction will be made between the kinetics of hydrogen related fracture and the mechanisms by which fracture occurs. The rate at which hydrogen related fractures propagate depends on the factors which control the mobility and transfer of hydrogen across surfaces, on the fugacity of the hydrogen source, on the metallurgical properties of the alloys and on the stress intensities.
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Li, Xinfeng, Xianfeng Ma, Jin Zhang, Eiji Akiyama, Yanfei Wang, and Xiaolong Song. "Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 33, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-020-01039-7.

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Zhong, W., Y. Cai, and D. Tománek. "Computer simulation of hydrogen embrittlement in metals." Nature 362, no. 6419 (April 1993): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362435a0.

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Murakami, Yukitaka, Toshihiko Kanezaki, and Yoji Mine. "Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41, no. 10 (June 22, 2010): 2548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0275-6.

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Lambert, H., and Y. S. Chen. "Hydrogen embrittlement: future directions—discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0029.

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The final session of the meeting consisted of a discussion panel to propose future directions for research in the field of hydrogen embrittlement and the potential impact of this research on public policy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.
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Pryadko, T. V., V. A. Dekhtyarenko, V. I. Bondarchuk, M. A. Vasilyev, and S. M. Voloshko. "Complex Approach to Protecting Titanium Constructions from Hydrogen Embrittlement." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 42, no. 10 (December 8, 2020): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.42.10.1419.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

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Stroe, MIOARA ELVIRA. "Hydrogen embrittlement of ferrous materials." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210889.

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This work deals with the damage due to the simultaneous presence of hydrogen in atomic form and stress – straining.

The aim of this work is twofold: to better understand the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms and to translate the acquired knowledge into a more appropriate qualification test.

The phenomena of hydrogen entry and transport inside the metals, together with the different types of damages due to the presence of hydrogen, are presented.

The analysis of the most important models proposed up to now for hydrogen embrittlement (HE) indicated that the slow dynamic plastic straining is a key factor for the embritteling process. There is a synergistic effect of hydrogen – dislocations interactions: on one hand hydrogen facilitates the dislocations movement (according to the HELP mechanism) and on the other hand dislocations transport hydrogen during their movement when their velocity is lower than a critical value.

This work is focused on supermartensitic stainless steels, base and welded materials. The interest on these materials is due to their broad use in offshore oil production.

First, the material’s characterisation with regards to hydrogen content and localisation was performed. This was conducted in charging conditions that are representative of industrial applications.

Because of previous industrial experience it was necessary to find a more appropriate qualification test method to asses the risk of HE.

In this work we proposed the stepwise repeated slow strain rate test (SW R – SSRT) as a qualification test method for supermartensitic stainless steels.

This test method combines hydrogen charging, test duration, plastic, dynamic and slow strains. Thus, this test method is coherent with both the model HELP proposed for hydrogen embrittlement and the observations of industrial failures.

The stepwise repeated slow strain rate test (SW RSSRT) is interesting not only as a qualification test of martensitic stainless steels, but also as a qualification test of conditions for using these materials (type of straining, range of strain and stress, strain rate, hydrogen charging conditions, etc.).

Ce travail se rapporte à l’endommagement provoqué par la présence simultanée de l’hydrogène sous forme atomique et une contrainte (appliquée où résiduelle).

Ce travail a comme but une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de la fragilisation par l’hydrogène (FPH) et la recherche d’un essai de qualification qui soit cohérent avec ce mécanisme.

Les phénomènes liés à l’entrée et au transport de l’hydrogène au sein des métaux, ensemble avec les différents types d’endommagements dus à la présence de l’hydrogène, sont présentés.

L’analyse des modèles proposés jusqu’au présent pour la fragilisation par l’hydrogène (FPH) suggère que la déformation lente plastique dynamique est le facteur clé pour le processus de la fragilisation. Il y a un effet synergétique des interactions entre l’hydrogène et les dislocations: d’un coté l’hydrogène facilite le mouvement des dislocations (d’après le modèle HELP) et d’un autre coté les dislocations transportent l’hydrogène pendant leur mouvement, pourvu que leur vitesse soit en dessous d’une valeur critique.

Le travail a été conduit sur des aciers supermartensitiques, matériau de base et soudé. L’intérêt pour ces matériaux réside de leur large utilisation dans la production du pétrole en offshore.

D’abord, le matériau a été caractérisé du point de vu de la teneur et de la localisation de l’hydrogène. Les essais ont été conduits dans des conditions représentatives pour les cas industriels.

L’expérience industrielle d’auparavant indique qu’il est nécessaire de trouver un test de qualification plus approprié pour estimer la susceptibilité à la fragilisation par l’hydrogène.

Dans ce travail on propose un essai de traction lente incrémentée (SW R – SSRT) comme méthode de qualification pour les aciers supermartensitiques.

L’essai combine le chargement en hydrogène, la durée d’essai, la déformation lente, plastique et dynamique. Donc, cette méthode d’essai est cohérente avec le modèle HELP proposé pour FPH et les observations des accidents industriels.

Cet essai est intéressant pas seulement comme essai de qualification pour les aciers supermartensitiques, mais aussi comme essai de qualification pour les conditions d’utilisation des ces matériaux (type de déformation, niveau de déformation et contrainte, vitesse de déformation, conditions de chargement en hydrogène, etc.).


Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Hsieh, Jang-Hsing. "Hydrogen embrittlement of cold worked plain carbon steel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12016.

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Jothi, Sathiskumar. "Multiscale modelling and experimentation of hydrogen embrittlement in aerospace materials." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42212.

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Pulse plated nickel and nickel based superalloys have been used extensively in the Ariane 5 space launcher engines. Large structural Ariane 5 space launcher engine components such as combustion chambers with complex microstructures have usually been manufactured using electrodeposited nickel with advanced pulse plating techniques with smaller parts made of nickel based superalloys joined or welded to the structure to fabricate Ariane 5 space launcher engines. One of the major challenges in manufacturing these space launcher components using newly developed materials is a fundamental understanding of how different materials and microstructures react with hydrogen during welding which can lead to hydrogen induced cracking. The main objective of this research has been to examine and interpret the effects of microstructure on hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen embrittlement in (i) nickel based superalloy 718, (ii) established and (iii) newly developed grades of pulse plated nickel used in the Ariane 5 space launcher engine combustion chamber. Also, the effect of microstructures on hydrogen induced hot and cold cracking and weldability of three different grades of pulse plated nickel were investigated. Multiscale modelling and experimental methods have been used throughout. The effect of microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement was explored using an original multiscale numerical model (exploiting synthetic and real microstructures) and a wide range of material characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, 2D and 3D electron back scattering diffraction, in-situ and ex-situ hydrogen charged slow strain rate tests, thermal spectroscopy analysis and the Varestraint weldability test. This research shows that combined multiscale modelling and experimentation is required for a fundamental understanding of microstructural effects in hydrogen embrittlement in these materials. Methods to control the susceptibility to hydrogen induced hot and cold cracking and to improve the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in aerospace materials are also suggested. This knowledge can play an important role in the development of new hydrogen embrittlement resistant materials. A novel micro/macro-scale coupled finite element method incorporating multi-scale experimental data is presented with which it is possible to perform full scale component analyses in order to investigate hydrogen embrittlement at the design stage. Finally, some preliminary and very encouraging results of grain boundary engineering based techniques to develop alloys that are resistant to hydrogen induced failure are presented. Keywords: Hydrogen embrittlement; Aerospace materials; Ariane 5 combustion chamber; Pulse plated nickel; Nickel based super alloy 718; SSRT test; Weldability test; TDA; SEM/EBSD; Hydrogen induced hot and cold cracking; Multiscale modelling and experimental methods.
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Dowson, A. L. "Some aspects of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen embrittlement in alpha titanium." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382542.

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Buntain, Ryan John. "Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Dissimilar Welds of Low Alloy Steel Pipes Joined with Nickel Based Filler Metals." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577785066479763.

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Brahimi, Salim. "Effect of surface processing variables on hydrogen embrittlement of steel fasteners." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112560.

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Incremental step load testing was used in accordance with ASTM F1940 to rank a number coating processes used in the fastener industry for their propensity to cause internal hydrogen embrittlement. The results showed that coating permeability has a first order effect, while the quantity of hydrogen introduced by the process has a second order effect. Pure zinc electroplating processes, alkaline and acid, were found to be the most embrittling, owing to the low permeability of zinc. The least embrittling processes were zinc-nickel, alkaline and acid, owing to the high permeability of Zn-Ni coatings. Non-electrolytic processes, namely phosphating, mechanical galvanising, DacrometRTM and Magni 555RTM were found to be non-embrittling. Hot dip galvanising was found to be highly embrittling, evidently due to trapped hydrogen being released by the thermal shock of up-quenching upon immersion in molten zinc. The full effect of up-quenching on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of high strength steel requires further investigation.
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Uehara, André Yugou. "Fragilização por hidrogênio de parafusos cementados." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265279.

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Orientador: Itamar Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a etapa de decapagem ácida e os processos de desidrogenação e retrabalho realizados durante a zincagem de parafusos quanto à fragilização por hidrogênio. Parafusos fabricados conforme a norma JIS B 1127 (1995), cementados, de 6 mm de diâmetro e 16 mm de comprimento de rosca foram organizados em 39 diferentes grupos. A decapagem foi avaliada quanto ao volume de ácido clorídrico (700 ml, 900 ml e 1000 ml) e presença, ou ausência, de inibidor para este ácido, utilizando tempos de decapagem de 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos para cada condição de volume de ácido e inibidor utilizados. A desidrogenação foi avaliada utilizando parafusos decapados (solução: 1000 ml de ácido, ausência de inibidor e decapados por 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos) e desidrogenados a uma temperatura de 1000C e tempo total de processo de 1, 2 e 3,5 horas. O retrabalho foi avaliado utilizando parafusos de 8 ?m de espessura de camada zincada, retrabalhados por 4 minutos em 700 ml de ácido, ausência de inibidor e 300 ml de água, avaliando as hipóteses do retrabalho único e duplo sem desidrogenação e do retrabalho único seguido de desidrogenação (1000C - 2 horas). Ensaios de pré-carregamento para a detecção da fragilização por hidrogênio foram realizados em parafusos que sofreram as preparações citadas, sendo o torque de ruptura avaliado nestes parafusos, assim como naqueles obtidos após o tratamento térmico. Análises química e metalográfica e ensaios de microdureza Vickers e tração, além de análise fratográfica por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) também foram realizados. A análise metalográfica revelou uma matriz ferrítica composta por grãos equiaxiais com carbonetos esferoidizados para o fio máquina, enquanto que o parafuso possui estrutura ferrítico-perlítica no núcleo e martensita revenida na camada cementada. Os ensaios de microdureza e de tração revelaram que o fio máquina e o parafuso possuem níveis de resistência mecânica dentro do esperado conforme as condições utilizadas, enquanto que não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores de torque de ruptura obtidos em ambas as situações analisadas. A etapa de decapagem ácida revelou que, nos grupos que não utilizaram inibidor, o número de falhas aumenta num primeiro momento com o aumento do tempo de decapagem, reduzindo após um determinado tempo de decapagem relacionado ao volume de ácido utilizado. O número de falhas sofre grande redução com a utilização do inibidor, porém mesmo a baixas concentrações de ferro, a utilização de maiores volumes de ácido associado a maiores tempos de decapagem aumentam o risco de fragilização. Apenas houve falha para a desidrogenação realizada a 1000C, por 1 hora, revelando a importância de adequados controles de temperatura, procedimentos de homogeneização e parâmetros de temperatura e tempo. Não houve falhas para o retrabalho revelando a importância de adequados procedimentos de retrabalho (tempo e solução) e de desidrogenação, enquanto que a análise da superfície de fratura revelou apenas os micromecanismos de fratura intergranular e dimples, sendo este último mais freqüentemente associado a regiões mais próximas ao núcleo, além da presença de trincas secundárias
Abstract: The main aim of this work is to investigate the effects on hydrogen embrittlement of bolts due to acid pickling, baking, and strip processes performed during zinc plating. Carburized bolts type "hexagon flange head tapping screws", with 6 mm of diameter and 16 mm of thread length were organized into 39 different groups. Acid pickling was evaluated using volumes of hydrochloric acid of 700 ml, 900 ml, and 1000 ml, presence, or absence, of acid inhibitor, and pickling periods of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes for each condition of acid volume and inhibitor used. Baking was evaluated using 1000C, and periods of 1, 2, and 3.5 hours for bolts that were subjected to acid pickling with a solution of 1000 ml of acid, absence of inhibitor, and pickling periods of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Strip was evaluated using bolts with zinc layer thickness of 8 ?m, stripped for 4 minutes in a solution of 700 ml of acid, absence of inhibitor, and 300 ml of water, performing the hypotheses of single and double strip without baking, and single strip followed by baking (1000C - 2 hours). Preloading tests for the detection of hydrogen embrittlement were conducted in bolts that were subjected to the preparations mentioned, while torsional tests were also conducted at these bolts, as well as in those obtained after heat treatment. Chemical and metallographic analysis, Vickers microhardness and tensile tests, and fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also conducted. Metallographic analysis revealed a ferritic matrix composed of equiaxed grains with spheroidized carbides for the wire, while the bolts showed a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure at the center and tempered martensite at the hardened layer. Microhardness and tensile tests revealed that wire and bolts have strength levels as expected according to the conditions used, while no significant differences between the breaking torque values were obtained in both situations analyzed. Acid pickling revealed that in the groups, which did not use inhibitor, the number of failures increases at a first stage with increasing pickling periods, however it starts to decrease after a certain pickling period related to the volume of acid used. The number of failures is greatly reduced with the use of the inhibitor, but even at low concentrations of iron, the use of larger amounts of acid associated with longer pickling periods increases the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. Failures were observed only at 1000C - 1 hour as baking parameters, showing the importance of proper temperature controls, homogenization procedures, and temperature and time parameters. There were no failures related to strip, revealing the importance of adequate procedures for strip (period and solution used) and baking procedures as observed. The fracture surface analysis revealed only intergranular and dimples micromechanisms of fracture, where the latter being more often associated with regions closer to the core of the bolts, also showing the presence of secondary cracks
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Carvalho, Ícaro Zanetti de. "Fragilização por hidrogênio nos aços AISI 4340 (AMS 6414K e AMS 6415S) temperados e revenidos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263642.

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Orientadores: Célia Marina de Alvarenga Freire, Itamar Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O fenômeno da fragilização por hidrogênio no aço AISI 4340 foi investigado devido ao fato do mesmo ser um aço baixa liga de alta resistência bastante suscetível a este fenômeno. A análise foi feita por meio do ensaio de tenacidade à fratura por flexão baseado na norma ASTM E 399 - 09. A matéria prima utilizada foi fabricada segundo dois diferentes processos, sendo o primeiro pelo método convencional de fundição e o segundo pelo processo VAR (vacuum arc refining) de maneira a se obter uma liga com menores quantidades de impurezas. Corpos-de-prova foram retirados da posição L-C das ligas, temperados a 845 oC e revenidos a 3 diferentes temperaturas (350 oC, 400 oC e 500 oC). O carregamento de hidrogênio foi feito por meio de uma célula eletroquímica, onde os corpos-de-prova foram imersos numa solução de H2SO4 0,01 M com aplicação de uma densidade de corrente de 10 mA/cm2 e dois diferentes tempos de hidrogenação, de maneira a se obter dois níveis de contaminação. Após os ensaios, foram feitas fractografias dos corpos-de-prova ensaiados para cada condição de revenimento e contaminação por hidrogênio, sendo observadas as alterações nos micromecanismos de fratura para as diferentes condições. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de tenacidade à fratura por flexão foram correlacionados ao micromecanismo de fratura em função da dureza e contaminação por hidrogênio. O aço AISI 4340 convencional nas condições de revenimento de 400 oC e 350 oC mostrou-se bastante susceptível à fragilização por hidrogênio, apresentando reduções da ordem de 10% e 20%, respectivamente, nos valores de tenacidade à fratura de corpos-de-prova contaminados. O mesmo não foi observado no aço AISI 4340 convencional temperado e revenido a 500 oC, que não sofreu fragilização devido à sua baixa dureza. O aço AISI 4340 VAR em todas as condições de revenimento apresentou-se muito menos susceptível ao fenômeno, não sendo evidenciadas variações expressivas nas tenacidades à fratura dos corpos-de-prova contaminados e nas superfícies de fratura resultantes
Abstract: The phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement in AISI 4340 steel was investigated due to the fact that it is a high strength low alloy steel quite susceptible to this phenomenon. The analysis was done through the fracture toughness test by bending based on ASTM E 399-09. The material used was manufactured according two different processes, the first by conventional casting process and the second by VAR (vacuum arc refining) process in order to obtain an alloy with minor amounts of impurities. Specimens were removed from the position L-C of the alloy, quenched at 845 oC and tempered at 3 different temperatures (350 oC, 400 oC and 500 oC). The hydrogen loading was made by means of an electrochemical cell where the specimens were immersed in a solution of 0.01 M H2SO4 by applying a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and two different hydrogenation times, in order to obtain two levels of contamination. After the tests were performed fractographies of specimens tested for each condition of temper and contamination by hydrogen, with observed changes in the micromechanisms of fracture for the different conditions. The test results of fracture toughness by bending were correlated with the micromechanisms of fracture, the microstructure and hydrogen contamination. The conventional AISI 4340 steel under conditions of tempering of 400 °C and 350 °C proved to be very susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, with reductions of 10% and 20%, respectively, on the values of fracture toughness of contaminated specimens. The same was not observed in conventional AISI 4340 quenched and tempered at 500 °C, which did not presented embrittlement due to its low hardness. The AISI 4340 VAR steel in all conditions of temper proved to be much less susceptible to the phenomenon, not showing significant variations in fracture toughness of the contaminated specimens and the resulting fracture surfaces
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Nigro, Claudio F. "Phase field modeling of flaw-induced hydride precipitation kinetics in metals." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för materialvetenskap och tillämpad matematik (MTM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7787.

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Hydrogen embrittlement can manifest itself as hydride formation in structures when in contact with hydrogen-rich environments, e.g. in space and nuclear power applications. To supplant experimentation, modeling of such phenomena is beneficial to make life prediction reduce cost and increase the understanding. In the present work, two different approaches based on phase field theory are employed to study the precipitation kinetics of a second phase in a metal, with a special focus on the application of hydride formation in hexagonal close-packed metals. For both presented models, a single component of the non-conserved order parameter is utilized to represent the microstructural evolution. Throughout the modelling the total free energy of the system is minimized through the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, which includes a sixth order Landau potential in the first model, whereas one of fourth order is used for the second model. The first model implicitly incorporates the stress field emanating from a sharp crack through the usage of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the governing equation is solved numerically for both isotropic and anisotropic bodies by usage of the finite volume method. The second model is applied to plate and notched cantilever geometries, and it includes an anisotropic expansion of the hydrides that is caused by the hydride precipitation. For this approach, the mechanical and phase transformation aspects are coupled and solved simultaneously for an isotropic material using the finite element method. Depending on the Landau potential coefficients and the crack-induced hydrostatic stress, for the first model the second-phase is found to form in a confined region around the crack tip or in the whole material depending on the material properties. From the pilot results obtained with the second model, it is shown that the applied stress and considered anisotropic swelling induces hydride formation in preferential directions and it is localized in high stress concentration areas. The results successfully demonstrate the ability of both approaches to model second-phase formation kinetics that is triggered by flaw-induced stresses and their capability to reproduce experimentally observed hydride characteristics such as precipitation location, shape and direction.
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Fraga, Francisco Edson Nogueira. "Variaveis de influencia do teste G-BOP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263151.

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Orientador: Roseana da Exaltação Trevisan
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Trinca induzida por hidrogênio é um dos defeitos mais graves que ocorrem em juntas soldadas de diversos aços. Esta falha mecânica ocorre com bastante freqüência na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC) destes materiais. Com o desenvolvimento de novos aços, o risco da ocorrência de trincamento na ZAC tem se reduzido cada vez mais e passado a ocorrer com mais freqüência no metal de solda (MS). O teste G-BOP (Gapped Bead-on-Plate) destaca-se dentre os vários testes autodestrutivos pela grande aplicação em avaliar susceptibilidade de ocorrência de trincas de hidrogênio somente no cordão de solda. As principais vantagens deste teste são: baixo custo quando comparado a outros testes, simplicidade na execução e facilidade em quantificar trincas a frio no MS. Apesar de todas as vantagens, este teste tem sérias limitações e uma delas é o fato de não ser normalizado. Visando contribuir com informações que possam agregar maior confiabilidade e contribuir para a normalização do teste G-BOP, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar de maneira sistemática e científica a influência das principais variáveis do teste G-BOP (dimensão do rebaixo, energia nominal de soldagem e temperatura de preaquecimento) sobre a variável de resposta, que é o percentual de trinca induzida por hidrogênio na seção transversal do metal de solda, As três variáveis foram estudadas segundo uma análise estatística de variância, identificando a influência individual de cada uma e a interação entre elas sobre os resultados do teste. Para o desenvolvimento experimental foi utilizado como material de base um aço ASTM A-285 grau C, como metal de adição, um arame tubular de classificação AWS E71T-1 e o 'CO IND. 2¿ como gás de proteção auxiliar. Para os níveis de cada uma das variáveis analisadas aqui, identificou-se que a energia nominal de soldagem e a temperatura de preaquecimento são variáveis que tem influência significativa sobre os resultados do teste G-BOP e que a variável dimensão do rebaixo não tem influência significativa. Identificou-se ainda que a interação entre estas variáveis também não apresenta influência significativa sobre os resultados do teste
Abstract: Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is a serious defect that occurs in welded joints of several steel types. This mechanical failure occurs frequently on the heat affected zone (HAZ). With the development of new steels the probability of HIC occurring on the HAZ has reduced, however it has started to occur on the weld metal (WM). The Gapped bead-on-plate test (G-BOP) stands out from several other self-restraint tests for its great application to evaluate HIC only on the weld metal. The main advantages of this test are: low cost, simple execution and crack quantification on WM. Despite its advantages, this test has a serious limitation that it is not normalized. To contribute to getting information that can add greater trustworthiness to G-BOP test and help to normalize it, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the main variable of the G-BOP test (gap, welding heat and preheat temperature) in the output variable (HIC %). A variance analysis was used to identify the influence of these variables in the test results. For the experimental development the ASTM A-285 grade C steel was used as base metal as well as AWS E71T-1 flux core and 'CO IND. 2¿ shielding. It was concluded that the heat input and the preheat temperature have significant influence in the test result. The gap and the interaction between these variables don't have any influence in the test result
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Books on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

1

Kolachev, B. A. Vodorodnai͡a︡ khrupkostʹ metallov. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1985.

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Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

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International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interactions (5th 2002 Moran, Wyo.). Hydrogen effects on material behavior and corrosion deformation interactions: Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interactions : held at Jackson Lake Lodge, Moran, Wyoming, September 22-26, 2002. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2003.

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International, Conference on Effect of Hydrogen on Behavior of Materials (5th 1994 Moran Wyo ). Hydrogen effects in materials: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Effect of Hydrogen on the Behavior of Materials sponsored by the Structural Materials Division (SMD), Mechanical Metallurgy and Corrosion & Environmental Effects Committees of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, held at Jackson Lake Lodge, Moran, Wyoming, September 11-14, 1994. Warrendale, Pa: The Society, 1996.

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Beloglazov, S. M. Ėlektrokhimicheskiĭ vodorod i metally: Povedenie, borʹba s okhrupchivaniem. Kaliningrad: Kaliningradskiĭ gos. universitet, 2004.

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N, Singh R. Studies on stress reorientation of hydrides in Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.

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Varis, Päivi. Corrosion fatigue of titanium in sea water under cathodic polarisation. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1992.

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Beloglazov, S. M. Electrochemical hydrogen and metals absorption behaviour: Fatigue durability, and delayed fracture. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Wyo.) International Hydrogen Conference (8th 2012 Grand Teton National Park. Hydrogen-materials interactions: Proceedings of the 2012 International Hydrogen Conference, September 9-12, 2012, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA. New York, N.Y: ASME Press, 2014.

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International Conference on Effect of Hydrogen on Behavior of Materials (4th 1989 Moran, Wyo.). Hydrogen effects on material behavior: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Effect of Hydrogen on the Behavior of Materials sponsored by the Physical Metallurgy, Mechanical Metallurgy, and the Corrosion and Environmental Effects committees of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, Carnegie Mellon University, and Sandia National Laboratories, held at Jackson Lake Lodge, Moran, Wyoming, September 12-15, 1989. Warrendale, Pa: The Society, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

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Kaesche, Helmut. "Hydrogen Embrittlement." In Corrosion of Metals, 401–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96038-3_14.

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Milella, Pietro Paolo. "Hydrogen Embrittlement and Sensitization Cracking." In Fatigue and Corrosion in Metals, 689–729. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2336-9_14.

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Lee, Jonathan A. "A Theory for Hydrogen Embrittlement of Transition Metals and their Alloys." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials, 569–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch49.

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Shimamura, S., and S. Tanimori. "Electronic Structure Approach to Hydrogen Embrittlement in fcc Transition Metals." In Mesoscopic Dynamics of Fracture, 185–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35369-1_16.

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Jagodzinski, Yu N., L. N. Larikov, and A. Yu Smouk. "Void Formation in Hydrogen Charged Metals Induced by Plastic Deformation as the Initial Stage of Embrittlement." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials, 375–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch35.

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Chêne, J., and A. M. Brass. "Deuterium and Tritium Applications to the Quantitative Study of Hydrogen Local Concentration in Metals and Related Embrittlement." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials, 47–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch4.

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Frolova, Kseniya, Vladimir Polyanskiy, Dmitriy Tretyakov, and Yuri Yakovlev. "Identification of Zones of Local Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals by the Acoustoelastic Effect." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 495–503. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19894-7_38.

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Muktepavela, F., M. Vasylyev, and V. G. Kostychenko. "Humid Atmosphere Induced Processes of Hydrogen Formation and Embrittlement of Sn-Al Eutectic." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides, 51–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0600-2_6.

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Ohtsuka, Toshiaki, Atsushi Nishikata, Masatoshi Sakairi, and Koji Fushimi. "Hydrogen Embrittlement and Hydrogen Absorption." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 79–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6820-1_5.

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Latanision, R. M., and R. H. Jones. "Workshop Summary: Hydrogen Embrittlement." In Chemistry and Physics of Fracture, 591–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3665-2_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

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Fukuyama, Seiji, Masaaki Imade, Zhang Lin, and Kiyoshi Yokogawa. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals in 70 MPa Hydrogen at Room Temperature." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71628.

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of metals used in the system of fuel-cell vehicles, i.e., high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and vessels, compressors, valves and pipes, is investigated in 70 MPa hydrogen at room temperature. The materials tested are austenitic stainless steels (i.e., SUS304; in the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS316LN), a low-alloy steel (i.e., SCM440), carbon steels (i.e., SUY, S15C, S35C, S55C and S80C), a Ni-based superalloy (i.e., Inconel 718), and an aluminum alloy (i.e., A6061). Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature using a specially designed equipment developed by our laboratory, which was designed to measure the actual load on the specimen with an external load cell irrespective of the axial load caused by the high pressure and friction at sliding seals. SUS304 and SUS316 showed severe HE, while SUS316L and SUS316LN showed slight HE. Fracture occurred on strain-induced martensite of the austenitic stainless steels in hydrogen. SCM440 showed extreme HE depending on heat-treatment; in particular, quenched materials showed marked HE. The carbon steels showed extreme and severe HE depending on carbon content. Inconel 718 also showed severe HE, while A6061 showed negligible HE. These results and other HE testing results which AIST has done previously are summarized in the AIST HE data table. HE behavior of the material in high-pressure hydrogen is discussed in this paper.
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VÁŇOVÁ, Petra, Jaroslav SOJKA, Mária MELICHEROVÁ, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, and Taťána RADKOVSKÁ. "Hydrogen embrittlement of TRIP steel after previous deformation." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3502.

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Ishijima, Yasuhiro, Takafumi Motooka, Fumiyoshi Ueno, Masahiro Yamamoto, Gunzo Uchiyama, Jun’ichi Sakai, Ken’ichi Yokoyama, et al. "Hydrogen Absorption Behavior of Titanium Alloys by Cathodic Polarization." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16079.

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Titanium and Ti-5mass%Ta alloy has been utilized in nuclear fuel reprocessing plant material because of its superior corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions. However, Ti alloy have been known to high susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement. To evaluate properties of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen embrittlement of Ti alloys, cathodic polarization tests and slow strain rate tests (SSRT) under cathodic polarization were carried out. Results show titanium hydrides covered on the surface of metals and hydrides thickness were within 10μm. But hydride did not observed at inner part of metals. Ti and Ti-5%Ta did not show hydrogen embrittlement by SSRT under cathodic charging. These results suggested that Ti and Ti-5%Ta could absorb hydrogen. But hydrogen did not penetrate inner portion of the metals more than 10μm in depth because titanium hydrides act as barrier of hydrogen diffusion. It is considered that retardation of hydrogen diffusion hindered hydrogen embrittlement of Ti and Ti-5%Ta alloys.
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Averina, Julia, Dmitry Zhukov, Victoria Tsevkova, Irina Safarova, and Elena Subcheva. "HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT AND PECULIAR PRORERTIES OF DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN IN STRUCTURAL STEELS." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3494.

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Zhang, L., M. Wen, Z. Y. Li, J. Y. Zheng, X. X. Liu, Y. Z. Zhao, and C. L. Zhou. "Materials Safety for Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals in High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cell Vehicles." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78269.

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Materials safety and selection for the application of metals in high-pressure hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicles were introduced based on the hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) examinations using the materials testing equipment. Testing steps are as follows; the 1st step is the tensile test in high-pressure hydrogen by slow strain rate technique to evaluate the effect of hydrogen and divide the materials into five categories based on stress-strain curves. The materials of type III, IV and V are picked up and their yield points and ultimate tensile strengths are collected. The 2nd step is the fracture mechanics test to obtain KICs and KIHs of type III, IV and V materials. The materials of type IV and V are considered to be applicable as usual. The 3rd step is the crack growth test to obtain the fatigue crack growth data. A special consideration of HGE is taken for the design of the equipment with limited operation period or cycles for the materials of type III. The issue of the Kth’s reproducibility remains unresolved, which calls another testing method and design concept. Candidate materials are then nominated following the procedure of materials selection.
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Fukuyama, Seiji, Masaaki Imade, and Kiyoshi Yokogawa. "Development of New Material Testing Apparatus in High-Pressure Hydrogen and Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26820.

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A new type of apparatus for material testing in high-pressure gas of up to 100 MPa was developed. The apparatus consists of a pressure vessel and a high-pressure control system that applies the controlled pressure to the pressure vessel. A piston is installed inside a cylinder in the pressure vessel, and a specimen is connected to the lower part of the piston. The load is caused by the pressure difference between the upper room and the lower room separated by the piston, which can be controlled to a loading mode by the pressure valves of the high-pressure system supplying gas to the vessel. Hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) and internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic stainless steels and iron- and nickel-based superalloys used for high-pressure hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicle were evaluated by conducting tensile tests in 70 MPa hydrogen. Although the HGE of these metals depended on modified Ni equivalent, the IRHE did not. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was larger than their IRHE; however, the HGE of superalloys was not always larger than their IRHE. The effects of the chemical composition and metallic structure of these materials on the HGE and IRHE were discussed. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was examined in 105 MPa hydrogen. The following were identified; SUS304: HGE in stage II, solution-annealed SUS316: HGE in stage III, sensitized SUS316: HGE in stage II, SUS316L: HGE in FS, SUS316LN: HGE in stage III and SUS310S: no HGE.
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Fukuyama, Seiji, Masaaki Imade, Takashi Iijima, and Kiyoshi Yokogawa. "Development of New Material Testing Apparatus in 230 MPa Hydrogen and Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61849.

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A new materials testing apparatus using an external loading system in 230 MPa hydrogen at room temperature was developed. The apparatus consisted of a pressure vessel with a loading device for the slow strain rate technique (SSRT). The elimination of the axial load due to high pressure acting on the pull rod was achieved by the pressure balance method. The apparatus was designed to measure the actual load on the specimen with an external load cell irrespective of the axial load caused by high pressure and friction at the sliding seals. The hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) of austenitic stainless steels, SUS304, SUS316, SUS316LN, SUS316L and SUS310S of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), and an iron-based superalloy, SUH660 JIS, and a nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy C22, was evaluated by conducting SSRT tests in 210 MPa hydrogen using the apparatus at room temperature. The following was observed: SUS304, moderate HGE in stage II; SUS316, moderate HGE in stage III; SUS316LN, light HGE in stage III; SUS316L, light HGE in FS; SUS310S, undetectable HGE; SUH660, light HGE in stage III; and Hastelloy C22, heavy HGE in stage II. The HGE of the materials was also discussed.
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Khalil, Sarah, and Tarek M. Hatem. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Characteristics in Irradiated Stainless Steel." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24081.

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Abstract Hydrogen is produced in nuclear reactors as a by-product of the corrosion reaction between the pressure vessel and the cooling water, where hydrogen produced may enter the metal in atomic form. During operation a reactor vessel is exposed to avalanche of neutron irradiation fluxes, in addition to corrosion from cooling water. A novel cluster dynamics model that accounts for off-stoichiometry of clusters and matrix was developed and applied to investigate the clustering behavior of Hydrogen-vacancy and Hydrogen-interstitial clusters in proton irradiated stainless steel has been developed. The differences in point defect migration energies and binding energy of H to lattice defects, makes it possible to have vacancy and interstitial clusters having compositions different from those of pure iron. The model predicts populations of Defect-Hydrogen complexes in iron. The model is applied to the early stage formation of voids and dislocation loops in stainless steel in the presence of atomic hydrogen. This study investigates the effect of irradiation dose and temperature on the concentration of vacancy-Hydrogen (VmHn) and Intersitial Fe-H (FemHn) complexes on bulk α-Iron. The re
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Matsumoto, Toru. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Characteristics of Plating Processes on High-Strength Steels." In Annual Aerospace/Airline Plating and Metal Finishing Forum and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/880871.

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Ronevich, Joseph, Chris San Marchi, and Dorian K. Balch. "Evaluating the Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds to Hydrogen Embrittlement." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93823.

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Abstract Austenitic stainless steels are used extensively in hydrogen gas containment components due to their known resilience in hydrogen environments. Depending on the conditions, degradation can occur in austenitic stainless steels but typically the materials retain sufficient mechanical properties within such extreme environments. In many hydrogen containment applications, it is necessary or advantageous to join components through welding as it ensures minimal gas leakage, unlike mechanical fittings that can become leak paths that develop over time. Over the years many studies have focused on the mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steels in hydrogen environments and determined their properties to be sufficient for most applications. However, significantly less data have been generated on austenitic stainless steel welds, which can exhibit more degradation than the base material. In this paper, we assess the trends observed in austenitic stainless steel welds tested in hydrogen. Experiments of welds including tensile and fracture toughness testing are assessed and comparisons to behavior of base metals are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals"

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Pinnell, William B. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metal Fasteners Due to Phosphoric Acid Containment System (PACS) Exposure. Volume 5 - Delivery Order 4, Task 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400419.

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Somerday, Brian P., and Christopher W. San Marchi. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Structural Steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171455.

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Spencer, Gerald L. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Gun Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188972.

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Symons, D. M., and A. W. Thompson. The hydrogen embrittlement of alloy X-750. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10195863.

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Sofronis, Petros, and Ian M. Robertson. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipeline Steels: Causes and Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1089010.

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Summerfield, G. C., J. S. King, B. Heuser, and J. E. Epperson. Dislocation-hydrogen correlation in metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5330578.

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Thomas, James P., and Charles E. Chopin. Transport Modeling of Hydrogen in Metals for Application to Hydrogen Assisted Cracking of Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299682.

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Duncan, A. J. Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement of SAFKEG 3940A Package in KAMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820087.

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McWatters, Bruce Ray, Rion A. Causey, Ryan J. DePuit, Nancy Y. C. Yang, and Markus D. Ong. Nanostructures from hydrogen implantation of metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993629.

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Buxbaum, R. E., R. Subramanian, J. H. Park, and D. L. Smith. Hydrogen transport and embrittlement for palladium coated vanadium-chromium-titanium alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/195724.

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