Journal articles: 'Hydrogen embrittlement of metals'

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Herlach, D., C. Kottler, T. Wider, and K. Maier. "Hydrogen embrittlement of metals." Physica B: Condensed Matter 289-290 (August 2000): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00431-2.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals VII, Hydrogen embrittlement(1)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 7 (1986): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.633.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals. VIII Hydrogen embrittlement. (2)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 11 (1986): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.931.

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Fukai, Yuh. "Hydrogen in metals. IX Hydrogen embrittlement. (3)." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 26, no. 3 (1987): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.26.208.

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Birnbaum, H. K., and I. M. Robertson. "Hydrogen embrittlement." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155037.

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The effects of hydrogen on the fracture of metals will be reviewed using a selection of observations based on the use of in situ environmental cell experiments. These were developed to allow understanding of the mechanisms of the failure process. The in situ technique, combined with use of the environmental cell, is well suited to mechanistic studies of environmental fracture as it allows observation of crack tip processes at high resolution and in a relatively high fugacity aggressive environment. These methods have been applied to studies of the behavior of several systems. Selected examples will be discussed and a general pattern of behavior will be developed.A clear distinction will be made between the kinetics of hydrogen related fracture and the mechanisms by which fracture occurs. The rate at which hydrogen related fractures propagate depends on the factors which control the mobility and transfer of hydrogen across surfaces, on the fugacity of the hydrogen source, on the metallurgical properties of the alloys and on the stress intensities.

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Li, Xinfeng, Xianfeng Ma, Jin Zhang, Eiji Akiyama, Yanfei Wang, and Xiaolong Song. "Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 33, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-020-01039-7.

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Zhong, W., Y. Cai, and D. Tománek. "Computer simulation of hydrogen embrittlement in metals." Nature 362, no. 6419 (April 1993): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362435a0.

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Murakami, Yukitaka, Toshihiko Kanezaki, and Yoji Mine. "Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41, no. 10 (June 22, 2010): 2548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0275-6.

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Lambert, H., and Y. S. Chen. "Hydrogen embrittlement: future directions—discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0029.

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The final session of the meeting consisted of a discussion panel to propose future directions for research in the field of hydrogen embrittlement and the potential impact of this research on public policy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

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Pryadko, T. V., V. A. Dekhtyarenko, V. I. Bondarchuk, M. A. Vasilyev, and S. M. Voloshko. "Complex Approach to Protecting Titanium Constructions from Hydrogen Embrittlement." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 42, no. 10 (December 8, 2020): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.42.10.1419.

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Song, Jun, and W. A. Curtin. "A nanoscale mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement in metals." Acta Materialia 59, no. 4 (February 2011): 1557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.019.

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Dear, Felicity F., and Guy C. G. Skinner. "Mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement in steels: discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0032.

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Cho, Lawrence, Yuran Kong, John G. Speer, and Kip O. Findley. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Medium Mn Steels." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020358.

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Recent research efforts to develop advanced–/ultrahigh–strength medium-Mn steels have led to the development of a variety of alloying concepts, thermo-mechanical processing routes, and microstructural variants for these steel grades. However, certain grades of advanced–/ultrahigh–strength steels (A/UHSS) are known to be highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, due to their high strength levels. Hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium–Mn steels are less understood compared to other classes of A/UHSS, such as high Mn twinning–induced plasticity steel, because of the relatively short history of the development of this steel class and the complex nature of multiphase, fine-grained microstructures that are present in medium–Mn steels. The motivation of this paper is to review the current understanding of the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium or intermediate Mn (4 to 15 wt pct) multiphase steels and to address various alloying and processing strategies that are available to enhance the hydrogen-resistance of these steel grades.

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Skinner, Guy C. G., and Felicity F. Dear. "Political, economic and environmental concerns: discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0026.

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This session concerned the political, economic and environmental impact on the hydrogen economy due to hydrogen embrittlement. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

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Hino, Makoto, Shunsuke Mukai, Takehiro Shimada, Koki Okada, and Keitaro Horikawa. "Inferences of Baking Time on Hydrogen Embrittlement for High Strength Steel Treated with Various Zinc Based Electroplating." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.156.

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The hydrogen embrittlement of SK85 high-strength steel sheets was evaluated using a three-point bending test. The effect of electroplating the metal with zinc-based coatings on hydrogen embrittlement was examined by baking treatment of differently electroplated steel specimens. After electroplating, all the specimens underwent hydrogen embrittlement, promoted by hydrogen incorporation into the metal frame, owing to the reduction of hydrogen ions during electroplating. The hydrogen embrittlement of both zinc-and zinc-SiO2-electroplated SK85 steel continued after baking for 24 hours at 473 K, but that of zinc-nickel-and zinc-nickel-SiO2-electroplated SK85 steel ceased. Furthermore, TDA revealed that the trapped hydrogen could be released from steel at approximately 473 K. However, after baking, hydrogen embrittlement did not completely disappear, and we suggest that the formation of hydrogen vacancy clusters also accounts for this fracture phenomenon. The hydrogen incorporated into steel during electroplating led to the formation of hydrogen vacancy clusters, which allowed the formation of embrittlement. However, zinc and zinc-SiO2 films were not permeable enough to release these voids; while the peculiar zinc–nickel and zinc-nickel-SiO2 film structure enabled the hydrogen vacancy clusters to diffuse from the substrate.

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Kim, Young, Sung Kim, and Byung Choe. "The Role of Hydrogen in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: The Case of Stainless Steel." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040406.

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of metals has remained a mystery in materials science for more than a century. To try to clarify this mystery, tensile tests were conducted at room temperature (RT) on a 316 stainless steel (SS) in air and hydrogen of 70 MPa. With an aim to directly observe the effect of hydrogen on ordering of 316 SS during deformation, electron diffraction patterns and images were obtained from thin foils made by a focused ion beam from the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens. To prove lattice contraction by ordering, a 40% CW 316 SS specimen was thermally aged at 400 °C to incur ordering and its lattice contraction by ordering was determined using neutron diffraction by measuring its lattice parameters before and after aging. We demonstrate that atomic ordering is promoted by hydrogen, leading to formation of short-range order and a high number of planar dislocations in the 316 SS, and causing its anisotropic lattice contraction. Hence, hydrogen embrittlement of metals is controlled by hydrogen-enhanced ordering during RT deformation in hydrogen. Hydrogen-enhanced ordering will cause the ordered metals to be more resistant to HE than the disordered ones, which is evidenced by the previous observations where furnace-cooled metals with order are more resistant to HE than water-quenched or cold worked metals with disorder. This finding strongly supports our proposal that strain-induced martensite is a disordered phase.

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Viswanathan, V., and Nage Deepashri. "Influence of pH on Hydrogen Absorption in Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.592.

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With rising demands, oil and gas exploration of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells are increasing worldwide. Due to aggressiveness of HPHT environments, piping and equipments are constructed with high-strength corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). Duplex stainless steel is one of the candidate alloys that offer high strength along with corrosion resistance. It possesses the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and hence, the name duplex or dual phase stainless steel. In order to control corrosion, cathodic protection is commonly being employed on the structures and equipment. Cathodic protection is accomplished by applying a direct current to the structure which causes the structure potential to change from the natural corrosion potential (Ecorr). The required cathodic protection current is supplied by sacrificial anode materials or by an impressed current system. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is an associated phenomenon, which results in the production of hydrogen ions, leading to its absorption in the protected metal and subsequent hydrogen embrittlement of metals and welds. To prevent this embrittlement, cathodic protection is closely studied in terms of finding the critical potential, pH, temperature etc. that does not cause hydrogen embrittlement. This paper describes the study carried out to find the role of pH on the absorption of hydrogen in Duplex Stainless steel. It has been observed that at a critical pH, hydrogen intake in the sample is very high, as compared to the pH below and above the critical pH. Critical pH observed for duplex stainless steel is a trade of between hydrogen evolution and absorption for given duplex structure.

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Ko, Seok-Woo, Ji-Min Lee, and Byoungchul Hwang. "Effect of Nb addition and Pre-strain on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Low-carbon Steels with Ferrite-pearlite Structure." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.11.752.

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The effect of pre-strain on the hydrogen embrittlement of Nb-free and Nb-added low-carbon steels with ferrite-pearlite structure was investigated in this study. After the steels were electrochemically charged with hydrogen, slow-strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests were conducted on them to examine hydrogen embrittlement behavior. The SSRT test results revealed that the Nb-added steel had a lesser decrease of elongation and reduction of area than the Nb-free steel. The formation of NbC carbide and grain refinement caused by the Nb addition improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The loss of elongation and the reduction of area after hydrogen charging occurs when pre-strain is increased. The pre-strain increases dislocation density and thus increases the amount of reversible hydrogen trap sites associated with hydrogen embrittlement. 10% pre-strained specimens exhibited a significant loss in elongation and reduction of area, regardless of Nb addition. Based on the results of electron back-scatter diffraction, fractographic, and silver decoration analyses for Nb-free and Nb-added steels, the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism in low-carbon steels with different amounts of pre-strain is discussed in terms of dislocation density and hydrogen distribution.

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Sergeev, N. N., A. N. Sergeev, S. N. Kutepov, A. E. Gvozdev, and E. V. Ageev. "A REVIEW OF THEORECTICAL CONCEPTS OF HYDROGEN CRACKING IN METALS AND ALLOYS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 6–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-3-6-33.

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Today the demand for high-strength metal materials to be used in critical structural elements and facilities that operate under variable temperature and stress conditions is steadily growing economic and engineering tendency. However increased strength features of a metal are opposed by its reduced plasticity so the metal often becomes unfit for large plastic straining. In this case solid body brittle failure starts and this process is quite often of random character, which may result in big financial loss and human injuries. Available literature contains little information on delayed failure issues in principle, however, many research findings demonstrate that the decisive role in this process belongs to hydrogen that interacts with different types of micro-defects in the matrice. In order to understand why a more easy propagation of dislocations from the crack tip down results in embrittlement it is necessary to study the crack growth pattern in inert media for plastic materials. Common features of different hydrogen embrittlement processes make it possible to conclude that a solid theory should be based on consolidated concepts of hydrogen-induced failures with taking into account the synergism of metal-hydrogen systems, i.e. the change in embrittlement mechanism in the process of the material structural self-organization at different structure-scale levels. Here a very important issue is to investigate the response of the material fine structure (structural relaxation) to the influence of a hydrogen medium under various straining temperature and speed conditions. Such investigation should be conducted with the help of electronic microscopes by applying acoustical emission and inner friction methods. Thanks to them it is possible to study the auto-wave nature of metal plastic deformation and to identify the most typical sustainable dissipative structures that emerge during the material self-organizing under combined impact of tensile stress and corrosive media.

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Shimotomai, Michio. "Heuristic Design of Advanced Martensitic Steels That Are Highly Resistant to Hydrogen Embrittlement by ε-Carbide." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020370.

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Many advanced steels are based on tempered martensitic microstructures. Their mechanical strength is characterized by fine sub-grain structures with a high density of free dislocations and metallic carbides and/or nitrides. However, the strength for practical use has been limited mostly to below 1400 MPa, owing to delayed fractures that are caused by hydrogen. A literature survey suggests that ε-carbide in the tempered martensite is effective for strengthening. A preliminary experimental survey of the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen embrittlement of a tempered martensitic steel with ε-carbide precipitates suggested that the proper use of carbides in steels can promote a high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Based on the surveys, martensitic steels that are highly resistant to hydrogen embrittlement and that have high strength and toughness are proposed. The heuristic design of the steels includes alloying elements necessary to stabilize the ε-carbide and procedures to introduce inoculants for the controlled nucleation of ε-carbide.

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Singh, Vishal, Rajwinder Singh, Amanjot Singh, and Dhiraj K. Mahajan. "Tracking hydrogen embrittlement using short fatigue crack behavior of metals." Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.296.

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Song, J., M. Soare, and W. A. Curtin. "Testing continuum concepts for hydrogen embrittlement in metals using atomistics." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 18, no. 4 (March 11, 2010): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/4/045003.

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Louthan, M. R. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2008): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-008-9133-x.

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Patel, Mitesh, and Miles A. Stopher. "Hydrogen effects in non-ferrous alloys: discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0030.

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This is a transcript of the discussion session on the effects of hydrogen in the non-ferrous alloys of zirconium and titanium, which are anisotropic hydride-forming metals. The four talks focus on the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms that affect zirconium and titanium components, which are respectively used in the nuclear and aerospace industries. Two specific mechanisms are delayed hydride cracking and stress corrosion cracking. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

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Yoo, Jaeseok, Guo Xian, Myungjin Lee, Yongdeok Kim, and Namhyun Kang. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance and Diffusible Hydrogen Desorption Behavior of Multipass FCA Weld Metals." Journal of the Korean Welding and Joining Society 31, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/kwjs.2013.31.6.112.

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Koyama, Motomichi, Seyedeh Mohadeseh Taheri-Mousavi, Haoxue Yan, Jinwoo Kim, Benjamin Clive Cameron, Seyed Sina Moeini-Ardakani, Ju Li, and Cemal Cem Tasan. "Origin of micrometer-scale dislocation motion during hydrogen desorption." Science Advances 6, no. 23 (June 2020): eaaz1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1187.

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Hydrogen, while being a potential energy solution, creates arguably the most important embrittlement problem in high-strength metals. However, the underlying hydrogen-defect interactions leading to embrittlement are challenging to unravel. Here, we investigate an intriguing hydrogen effect to shed more light on these interactions. By designing an in situ electron channeling contrast imaging experiment of samples under no external stresses, we show that dislocations (atomic-scale line defects) can move distances reaching 1.5 μm during hydrogen desorption. Combining molecular dynamics and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal that grain boundary hydrogen segregation can cause the required long-range resolved shear stresses, as well as short-range atomic stress fluctuations. Thus, such segregation effects should be considered widely in hydrogen research.

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Creton, Nicolas, Steeve Dejardin, B. Grysakowski, Virgil Optasanu, and Tony Montesin. "A Mechano-Chemical Coupling for Hydrogen Diffusion in Metals Based on a Thermodynamic Approach." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.286.

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Hydrogen diffusion in metals is still an ongoing topic of research due to its technical relevance (hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen storage...). In the last decades, significant progress in understanding the time evolution of the hydrogen concentration in solids was completed. This paper presents a modeling of hydrogen diffusion with a general and thermodynamically based diffusion concept coupled with mechanical and chemical aspects. This model was previously used to simulate the oxidation of a metal [1][2]. This concept has been upgraded to offer a thoroughly macroscopic behavior law used to simulate hydrogen diffusion in metal parts under mechanical loadings. The thermodynamic approach of the stress-diffusion coupling was implemented in a finite element code in order to study the hydrogen diffusion mode into a strained metal. Simulations were performed on a cylindrical austenitic steel tank under important internal pressure. The results of this study allow us to understand how hydrogen diffusion and mechanical stresses are mutually induced and modified.

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Chu, W. Y., and H. K. Birnbaum. "Hydrogen embrittlement of iron-nickel alloys." Metallurgical Transactions A 20, no. 8 (August 1989): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02665504.

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Archakov, Yu I., and I. D. Grebeshkova. "Nature of hydrogen embrittlement of steel." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 27, no. 8 (August 1985): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699349.

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Kohls, Daniel, Enori Gemelli, Laercio da Silva Filho, and Majorie Anacleto Bernardo. "Susceptibility Study to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Welded Joints of API 5L X52 Steel in Sulphide Media." Advanced Materials Research 1158 (April 2020): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1158.27.

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Pipelines for oil and gas, manufactured in high-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA), such API pipes, promote high levels of strength and fracture toughness. Therefore, it is important to ensure this high level of toughness in the welded joint. When the pipelines are exposed for many years to wet H2S environments, they can fail due to hydrogen embrittlement. Thus, it is important to evaluate the influence of different weld specifications in the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. In this case, the aim of this work was to study the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of API 5L X52 steel and in the welded region in wet environments. The welding was performed in the circumferential direction by GMAW process in two different specifications (with lower and higher thermal input). The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement was carried out according to NACE TM0177 and SSRT (slow strain rate tensile tests) test, performed according to ASTM G 129 standard. All welded joints and base metal did not show any signal of cracks and susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement, according to the requirements of the NACE TM0177 test. According to SSRT tensile test, the results showed that the welded joints and base metal are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. The tensile tests exhibited a drop in the strain and necking, and higher values of yield stress. The welded joint with the lowest heat inputs employed in the welding process presented the highest susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement.

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de Graaf, Sytze, Jamo Momand, Christoph Mitterbauer, Sorin Lazar, and Bart J. Kooi. "Resolving hydrogen atoms at metal-metal hydride interfaces." Science Advances 6, no. 5 (January 2020): eaay4312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4312.

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Hydrogen as a fuel can be stored safely with high volumetric density in metals. It can, however, also be detrimental to metals, causing embrittlement. Understanding fundamental behavior of hydrogen at the atomic scale is key to improve the properties of metal-metal hydride systems. However, currently, there is no robust technique capable of visualizing hydrogen atoms. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen atoms can be imaged unprecedentedly with integrated differential phase contrast, a recently developed technique performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Images of the titanium-titanium monohydride interface reveal stability of the hydride phase, originating from the interplay between compressive stress and interfacial coherence. We also uncovered, 30 years after three models were proposed, which one describes the position of hydrogen atoms with respect to the interface. Our work enables previously unidentified research on hydrides and is extendable to all materials containing light and heavy elements, including oxides, nitrides, carbides, and borides.

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Song, Yu Su, Li Qing Zhou, and Guang Zhe Chu. "Research of Hydrogen Atom Penetration during the Phosphorization Process of High-Strength Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.35.

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The hydrogen residued process of the High-strength steel surface during the phosphorization process was studied. By the hydrogen permeation experiment, that penetration speed of the hydrogen residued in the metal surface were measured. The result of shows:the more hydrogen gas generated in the process of phosphorization,the more hydrogen atom inside the metal. That means the hydrogen embrittlement criticality of the High-strength steel were more fearful。Dense phosphorizing film always block hydrogen atoms to penetrate into the metal,So that cuold to reduce the hydrogen embrittlement extend of the steel in phosphorization.

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Bhadeshia, Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj. "Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels." ISIJ International 56, no. 1 (2016): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-430.

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Sergeev, N. N., S. N. Kutepov, А. Е. Gvozdev, and E. V. Ageev. "DISLOCATION INDUCED MECHANISMS OF HYDROGENE EMBRITTLEMENT OF METALS AND ALLOYES." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-2-32-47.

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The paper discusses some models of hydrogen-stress cracking of metals and alloys. These models are based on hydrogen-dislocation interaction. It is shown that the critical role of dislocation emissions in AIDE mechanism is, in its turn, similar to HELP except for a higher localization of deformations compared with microvoids coalescence that is related with HELP, because that stresses needed for the dislocation propagation are high enough to boost general dislocation activity in deformation zones in front of cracks. This results in the formation of small voids on intersecting deformation bands. It has been observed that a crack is essentially growing due to the emission of dislocations. However the emission of dislocation towards the tip of a crack and the formation of voids in front of a crack contribute a lot to the process. Furthermore, the formation of voids in front of a crack makes for a short radius of the crack tip and low angles of the crack tip opening displacement The paper considers crack growing in inert media in plastic materials. Crack plastic growth takes place mainly due to dislocations that originate from the sources in the deformation zone in front of the crack tip and are propagating backwards along the crack tip plane with a small or zero emission of the dislocations that start from the crack tip. Small number of the dislocations that originate in the sources lying closest to the crack tip will intersect the tip of the crack precisely thus promoting the crack development while the majority of the dislocation will have either blunting effect or contribute to the deformation in front of the crack. Thus to cause a crack growth due to microvoid coalescence and deep cavities with shallow depressions therein on fracture surfaces there must be a large deformation in front of the crack. It is demonstrated that the cracking mechanism resulting from the AIDE mechanism will be either intergranular or transcrystalline depending on the location where the propagation of dislocations and formation of voids run mostly easily. In case of transcrystalline cracking alternative sliding motion along the planes on either side of the crack will tend to minimize the reverse stress caused by previously emitted dislocations. Then the macroscopic transcrystalline cracking plane will divide the angle between the slide planes and the crack front will be located on the intersection line of the crack planes and the slide planes. However, if there is a difference in the number of slides that occur on either crack side because of big differences in shear stresses on different slide planes, there will be deviations from the planes and directions with low refraction index. If the plane index is not low, there still can be deviations in the failure planes depending on the location of nucleus voids in front of the crack. A detailed description of the relationship between hydrogen effect on the behavior of dislocations and voids, sliding motion localization and hydrogen embrittlement is still lacking, moreover, it presents a serious problem that can be solved by describing the kinetics of hydrogen embrittlement process. Thanks to their sophisticated nature HELP and AIDE mechanisms can be embrittlement contributors both in cracking and in the formation of cavities due to ductile fracture.

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Varias,, A. G. "Hydrogen Embrittlement and Sub-Critical Crack Growth in Hydride Forming Metals." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 16, no. 3 (June 2005): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm.2005.16.3.211.

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Qu, Feng, An, Bi, Du, Yang, and Zheng. "Hydrogen-Assisted Crack Growth in the Heat-Affected Zone of X80 Steels during in Situ Hydrogen Charging." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162575.

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Herein, the hydrogen embrittlement of a heat-affected zone (HAZ) was examined using slow strain rate tension in situ hydrogen charging. The influence of hydrogen on the crack path of the HAZ sample surfaces was determined using electron back scatter diffraction analysis. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the base metal and the HAZ samples increased with increasing current density. The HAZ samples have lower resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than the base metal samples in the same current density. Brittle circumferential cracks located at the HAZ sample surfaces were perpendicular to the loading direction, and the crack propagation path indicated that five or more cracks may join together to form a longer crack. The fracture morphologies were found to be a mixture of intergranular and transgranular fractures. Hydrogen blisters were observed on the HAZ sample surfaces after conducting tensile tests at a current density of 40 mA/cm2, leading to a fracture in the elastic deformation stage.

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Khanzhin, V. G., S. A. Nikulin, O. V. Khanzhin, S. O. Rogachev, and V. Yu Turilina. "Hydrogen embrittlement of steels: IV. Delayed fracture during bending." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2013, no. 10 (October 2013): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029513100054.

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Zhou, Haiting, Dongdong Ye, Jianjun Chen, Qiang Wang, and Xinwei Fan. "Discussion on the characterisation of hydrogen embrittlement based on eddy current signals." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.1.11.

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A non-destructive testing (NDT) method for evaluating mechanical performance has been studied based on the analysis of eddy current signals. Low-alloy steel samples were tested under conditions of tension with the aim of quantifying hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The mechanical responses of samples were investigated after electrochemical hydrogen charging. Eddy current signals were gathered to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement state using a differential probe. Numerical analysis of hydrogen concentration distribution in material was performed to investigate the response mechanism of the signal. The effect that hydrogen has on the mechanical performance of low-alloy steel has been discussed. The experimental results show that the eddy current signal has a good correlation with the hydrogen-induced plasticity loss index.

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39

Mooney, Ted. "Hydrogen embrittlement: Switch to black oxide?" Metal Finishing 94, no. 12 (December 1996): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(96)80097-3.

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Symons, D. M. "Hydrogen embrittlement of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 28, no. 3 (March 1997): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0051-4.

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Sahiluoma, Patrik, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, Antti Forsström, Hannu Hänninen, and Sven Bossuyt. "Hydrogen embrittlement of nodular cast iron." Materials and Corrosion 72, no. 1-2 (July 22, 2020): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.202011682.

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Vehovar, L. "Hydrogen embrittlement of Microalloyed structural steels." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45, no. 6 (June 1994): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450605.

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Benbelaid, S., M. A. Belouchrani, Y. Assoul, and B. Bezzazi. "Modeling Damage of the Hydrogen Enhanced Localized Plasticity in Stress Corrosion Cracking." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 20, no. 6 (June 3, 2010): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789510369327.

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Stress corrosion cracking is an important and complex mode of failure in high-performance structural metals operating in deleterious environments, due to metallurgical, mechanical, and electrochemical factors. Depending on the material/solution system, the stress corrosion cracking mechanism may involve a combination of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and anodic dissolution. In this article, a numerical model for predicting the mechanical behavior of hydrogen-induced damage in stress corrosion cracking is described. The methodology of modeling used in this study is based on the thermodynamics of continuum solids and elastoplastic damage. This model is based on a stress corrosion mechanism that occurs through the simultaneous interaction of hydrogen and plasticity. This mechanism is also called hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity, which is a viable mechanism for hydrogen embrittlement. The model is applied to the fatigue damage problems of nuclear reactor pipe, and the results are compared with published fatigue life data obtained experimentally.

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Liu, Y., K. Y., J. H. Zhang, G. Lu, and Z. Q. Hu. "First-principles investigation on environmental embrittlement of TiAl." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 2 (February 1998): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0040.

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To investigate the hydrogen embrittlement and Mn ductilization effects in TiAl, the electronic structures of pure, H-doped, Mn-doped, and Mn, H-codoped TiAl have been studied by the first-principles discrete variational Xa calculations. Local environmental total bond order (LTBO), which is developed for the description of the cohesive properties in a local atom environment involving impurities, should be regarded as a new microscopic criterion for embrittlement. The larger LTBO presents the stronger cohesion and the better ductility of the system. Our results show that H obviously decreases LTBO while Mn increases it, which suggests H as an embrittler while Mn as a ductilizer. It is of key importance to understand hydrogen embrittlement in which hydrogen causes the weakening of its surrounding metal-metal bonds.

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Khanzhin, V. G., S. A. Nikulin, V. A. Belov, S. O. Rogachev, and V. Yu Turilina. "Hydrogen embrittlement of steels: III. Influence of secondary-phase particles." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2013, no. 10 (October 2013): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029513100042.

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Ševc, Peter, Ladislav Falat, Lucia Čiripová, Miroslav Džupon, and Marek Vojtko. "The Effects of Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging on Room-Temperature Tensile Properties of T92/TP316H Dissimilar Weldments in Quenched-and-Tempered and Thermally-Aged Conditions." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080864.

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The influence of isothermal aging at 620 °C in combination with subsequent electrochemical hydrogen charging at room-temperature was studied on quenched-and-tempered T92/TP316H martensitic/austenitic weldments in terms of their room-temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior. Hydrogen charging of the weldments did not significantly affect their strength properties; however, it resulted in considerable deterioration of their plastic properties along with significant impact on their fracture characteristics and failure localization. The hydrogen embrittlement plays a dominant role in degradation of the plastic properties of the weldments already in their initial material state, i.e., before thermal aging. After thermal aging and subsequent hydrogen charging, mutual superposition of thermal and hydrogen embrittlement phenomena had led to clearly observable effects on the welds deformation and fracture processes. The measure of hydrogen embrittlement was clearly lowered for thermally aged material state, since the contribution of thermal embrittlement to overall degradation of the weldments has dominated. The majority of failures of the weldments after hydrogen charging occurred in the vicinity of T92 BM/Ni weld metal (WM) fusion zone; mostly along the Type-II boundary in Ni-based weld metal. Thus, regardless of aging exposure, the most critical failure regions of the investigated weldments after hydrogen charging and tensile straining at room temperature are the T92 BM/Ni WM fusion boundary and Type-II boundary acting like preferential microstructural sites for hydrogen embrittling effects accumulation.

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MATSUDA, Hiroyasu. "Examples and Preventive Measures of Hydrogen Embrittlement." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 89, no. 5 (2020): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.89.351.

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SAIDA, Kazuyoshi, Tetsuya FUJIMOTO, and Kazutoshi NISHIMOTO. "Characterisation of Hydrogen Embrittlement Cracking at Ta/Zr Bond Interface and Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism of Zr Base Metal." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 28, no. 2 (2010): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.28.216.

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Hui, Wei-jun, Zhan-hua Wang, Zhi-bao Xu, Yong-jian Zhang, and Xiao-li Zhao. "Hydrogen embrittlement of a microalloyed bainitic forging steel." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 26, no. 9 (June 4, 2019): 1011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-019-00272-4.

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Traidia, Abderrazak, Elias Chatzidouros, and Mustapha Jouiad. "Review of hydrogen-assisted cracking models for application to service lifetime prediction and challenges in the oil and gas industry." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0079.

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AbstractThe present manuscript reviews state-of-the art models of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) with potential for application to remaining life prediction of oil and gas components susceptible to various forms of hydrogen embrittlement (HE), namely, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), sulfide stress cracking (SSC), and HE-controlled stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Existing continuum models are compared in terms of their ability to predict the threshold stress intensity factor and crack growth rate accounting for the complex couplings between hydrogen transport and accumulation at the fracture process zone, local embrittlement, and subsequent fracture. Emerging multiscale approaches are also discussed, and studies relative to HE in metals and especially steels are presented. Finally, the challenges that hinder the application of existing models to component integrity assessment and remaining life prediction are discussed with respect to identification of model parameters and limitations of the fracture similitude, which paves the way to new directions for further research.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogen embrittlement of metals'

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