Journal articles: 'Hydrogen fluorine'

1

Fedorchuk, Yu M., V. V. Matvienko, D. V. Naryzhny, and A. S. Rybin. "Resource- and Energy-Saving Method for Obtaining Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrite Fluoride." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 3(77) (2020): 032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2020.03.pp.032-039.

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An ecologically and economically effective technical solution has been developed for the production of hydrogen fluoride and fluorine hydrite by using fluorosulfonic acid in the decomposition technology of fluorspar. The stages of the technology of obtaining hydrogen fluoride and fluorine hydrite are shown: obtaining fluorosulfonic acid itself, decomposition of calcium fluoride with fluorosulfonic acid and hydrolysis of calcium fluorosulfonate with water vapor to form fluorosulfonic acid, recycled, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine hydrite. Experimental data have shown the promise of this technology.

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Egamnazarov, Khuseyn, Babaev Ikram Islamovich, Aliev Samardin Partoevich, and Abdullozoda Said Murtazo. "Study of the content of fluorides in atmospheric air in Bokhtar region and Tursunzade city of Tajikistan." Journal of Bashir Institute of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53576/bashir.02.01.0026.

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Background: The emission and presence of air pollutants such as fluorides has over burdenized the public healthcare issues. The current study aimed to determine the content of fluorides in atmospheric air in Bokhtar region and Tursunzade city of Tajikistan. Methods: Based on the direction of wind, two zones were selected in the current study: experimental and control. In the first (experimental) zone, those areas were selected where the western, northern and northeastern directions of wind was significant. Dzhura Rakhmonov was assigned to the control zone with the shortest time for the eastward winds. In general, 72 samples of atmospheric air were taken in 12 settlements of the city of Tursunzade and 90 samples of atmospheric air in the Bokhtar region of the Khatlon province. To determine fluorine in air, a potentiometric method with an ion-selective electrode was used, which makes it possible to measure the potential concentrations of fluorides in atmospheric air. Results: Compounds of gaseous (hydrogen fluoride) and solid fluorine (salts of hydrofluoric acid), which are the main emission from various sources, were found in the atmospheric air of the populated areas of the city of Tursunzade, where the aluminum plant industry is located. The maximum amount of hydrogen fluoride in the experimental zone (Jamoat and Navobod) with a western wind direction was found in the autumn, which exceeded the MPC. However, the amount of solid fluorides in the western direction of the wind ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg / m3, which did not exceed the MPC value and was not significant. In control zone (Dzhura Rakhmonov) the said pollutants hydrogen fluoride and solid fluorine were not significant in autumn within accordance to MPC limit. The results of the study of atmospheric air in 15 administrative cities and districts of the Bokhtar region showed a complete absence of solid fluorides in all samples of atmospheric air. Conclusion: Compounds of gaseous fluorine and salts of hydrofluoric acid were found in the atmospheric air of populated areas of the city of Tursunzade, and no significant amounts in the Bokhtar region according to MPC and control. The maximum amount of fluorine compounds was found in the experimental zone (Jamoat Navobod) of the city of Tursunzade.

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Patel, Savankumar, Pobitra Halder, Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem, et al. "The Fate of Fluorine Post Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Destruction during the Thermal Treatment of Biosolids: A Thermodynamic Study." Energies 17, no. 14 (2024): 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17143476.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of fluorinated synthetic chemicals that are highly recalcitrant, toxic, and bio-accumulative and have been detected in biosolids worldwide, posing potential risks to humans and the environment. Recent studies suggest that the organic C-F bond in PFAS can be destructed and potentially mineralised into inorganic fluorides during thermal treatment. This study focuses on thermodynamic equilibrium investigations and the fate of fluorine compounds post-PFAS destruction during biosolid thermal treatment. The results indicate that gas-phase fluorine compounds are mainly hydrogen fluoride (HF) and alkali fluorides, whereas solid-phase fluorine compounds include alkaline earth fluorides and their spinels. High moisture and oxygen content in the volatiles increased the concentration of HF in the gas phase. However, adding minerals reduced the emission of HF in the gas phase significantly and enhanced the capture of fluorine as CaF2 spinel in the solid phase. This study also investigates the effect of feedstock composition on the fate of fluorine. High ash content and low volatile matter in the feedstock reduced HF gas emissions and increased fluorine capture in the solid product. The findings of this work are useful in designing thermal systems with optimised operating conditions for minimising the release of fluorinated species during the thermal treatment of PFAS-containing biosolids.

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Feng, Yansong, Xingming Wang, Yuyang Liu, et al. "Study on fluorine vacancy defects in yttrium fluoride coating materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2783, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2783/1/012001.

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Abstract Rare-earth fluoride coating materials have attracted wide attention as a substitute for ThF4 low-refractive index materials. However, the coating materials and coated films fail to achieve the desired results due to vacancy defects caused by their fluorine-loss decomposition characteristics. To explore the rare earth fluoride coating materials’ fluorine loss influence law, the melt crystallization method is used to simulate the yttrium fluoride (YF3) pre-melting process through the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) obtained at different temperatures under the fluorine vacancy defects change rule. According to the number of unpaired spintrons, the number of spintrons in each vacancy is calculated. The results show that the fluorine vacancy defects increase with the increase of temperature, the formation of YF3 fluorine vacancy defects does not affect the change of crystal structure, and the addition of the additive ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF2) can reduce the oxygen content of YF3 and effectively inhibit the formation of fluorine vacancy. The effect is gradually obvious with the amount of additives added.

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Fomina, D. D., V. Z. Poilov, and A. N. Gallyamov. "Effect of hydrogen on nickel oxide reduction on the surface of nozzle blade of a gas turbine unit." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 66, no. 5 (2023): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2023-5-604-609.

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Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of hydrogen in the composition of fuel mixtures for turbojet engines and gas turbine units (GTU). The effect of hydrogen on heat-resistant nickel alloys of gas turbine blades has been little studied. In this regard, this work is devoted to studying the effect of hydrogen on nickel oxide reduction on the surface of the nozzle blade of a gas turbine engine. Hydrogen is a good reducing agent. Therefore, this article discusses the effects of hydrogen under various conditions with metal oxides, and methods of metal oxides reduction on the surface of the blades of a gas turbine engine. The thermodynamics of the interaction of aluminum, titanium, nickel and tungsten oxides with hydrogen fluoride and reactions of fluoride with hydrogen was investigated in the temperature range 273 – 1373 K. It was established that the interaction of aluminum oxide with hydrogen fluoride occurs in the temperature range from 273 to 1073 K, titanium oxide with hydrogen fluoride – from 273 to 373 K, nickel oxide with hydrogen fluoride – from 273 to 873 K. In this case, of the resulting fluorides, only nickel fluoride interacts with hydrogen at temperatures above 673 K. Hydrogen interacts with nickel oxide throughout the entire temperature range, and with tungsten oxide at temperatures above 1173 K. We studied the effect of hydrogen on heat-resistant nickel alloys of gas turbine blades subjected to preliminary fluorination and not treated with fluorine compounds. Nickel oxide reduction with hydrogen proceeds better after the preliminary fluorination process. In this case, particles 2 – 5 μm in size containing 90.16 % Ni are formed on the surface of the blade sample. Without fluorination, this process at 1223 K and duration of 1 h does not occur.

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Petlin, Ilya V., and Margarita S. Lesnikova. "WAYS OF PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTE OF ALUMINUM INDUSTRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5352.

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The information on aluminum metal production volume, its application areas and ecological problems which go with aluminum production are described. The data on fluorine containing waste products types and quantity at aluminum production were reported. The aluminum production waste products negative influence on environment was identified. For hydrogen fluoride production the use of fluorine containing waste products as alternative man-made raw material is offered. Resource effective and resource saving method of aluminum production fluorine containing waste products processing is described in detail. Processing method consists waste oxidizing calcining to move away carbon component, interaction of sulfuric acid with fluorine containing particles to product hydrogen fluoride, dissolution of solid sulphatisation product and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. Aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate can be byproducts of describing wastes processing method. Aluminum oxide can be used for production run of aluminum metal electrolytic production. Sodium sulfate can be used in glass and cellulose production, in textile and tanning industries. The thermodynamic calculations of fluorine containing wastes components with sulfuric acid chemical interaction are given. The research of kinetics of fluorine containing wastes with sulfuric acid chemical interaction by method of reacting mixture unstoppable weighing with mass auto-registration have been carried out. The dependence of transformation (reaction) degree on the time in temperature range of 220 to 260 ºС has been identified. It was characterized by Krank-Gistling-Braunstein equation. On obtained dependence the reaction area and process rate-limiting step was determined. The methods of intensification of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes interaction process in observed temperature range has been offered. The economic and ecologic effect of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes processing method has been established.Forcitation:Petlin I.V., Lesnikova M.S. Ways of processing and recycling of fluorine-containing waste of aluminum industry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 108-113.

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7

Cartwright, Luke, Ahmed Iraqi, Yiwei Zhang, Tao Wang, and David G. Lidzey. "Impact of fluorine substitution upon the photovoltaic properties of benzothiadiazole-fluorene alternate copolymers." RSC Advances 5, no. 57 (2015): 46386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06076a.

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The impact of replacing hydrogen with fluorine in efficient moderate-band gap alternating benzothiadiazole-fluorene copolymers is studied. The optical, electrochemical, thermal and photovoltaic properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells are investigated.

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8

Patel, Calum, Emy André-Joyaux, Jamie A. Leitch, et al. "Fluorochemicals from fluorspar via a phosphate-enabled mechanochemical process that bypasses HF." Science 381, no. 6655 (2023): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi1557.

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All fluorochemicals—including elemental fluorine and nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical fluorinating reagents—are prepared from hydrogen fluoride (HF). This highly toxic and corrosive gas is produced by the reaction of acid-grade fluorspar (>97% CaF 2 ) with sulfuric acid under harsh conditions. The use of fluorspar to produce fluorochemicals via a process that bypasses HF is highly desirable but remains an unsolved problem because of the prohibitive insolubility of CaF 2 . Inspired by calcium phosphate biomineralization, we herein disclose a protocol of treating acid-grade fluorspar with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ) under mechanochemical conditions. The process affords a solid composed of crystalline K 3 (HPO 4 )F and K 2− x Ca y (PO 3 F) a (PO 4 ) b , which is found suitable for forging sulfur-fluorine and carbon-fluorine bonds.

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9

Hudlicky, Milos. "Chemical shifts of fluorine in hydrogen fluoride and fluoride ion." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 28, no. 4 (1985): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81136-7.

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10

Ye, Changchun, Wenqiang Tu, Limei Yin, et al. "Converting detrimental HF in electrolytes into a highly fluorinated interphase on cathodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 36 (2018): 17642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06150e.

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A silane molecule with an unsaturated functionality effectively scavenges harmful hydrogen fluoride from the electrolyte and forms a complex, which experiences preferential oxidation and eventually delivers the fluorine species to the interphase that protects cathodes of high energy density batteries.

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11

Wu, Fang-Yi, Shu-Min Hsu, Hsun Cheng, Ling-Huang Hsu, and Hsin-Chieh Lin. "The effect of fluorine on supramolecular hydrogelation of 4-fluorobenzyl-capped diphenylalanine." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 6 (2015): 4240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00786k.

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12

Ravarino, Paolo, Demetra Giuri, Davide Faccio, and Claudia Tomasini. "Designing a Transparent and Fluorine Containing Hydrogel." Gels 7, no. 2 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7020043.

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Physical hydrogels are supramolecular materials obtained by self-assembly of small molecules called gelators. Aromatic amino acids and small peptides containing aromatic rings are good candidates as gelators due to their ability to form weak bonds as π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds between NH and CO of the peptide chain. In this paper we show our results in the preparation of a transparent hydrogel that was obtained by self-assembly of a fluorine-containing dipeptide that relies on the additional formation of halogen bonds due to the fluorine atoms contained in the dipeptide. We used Boc-D-F2Phe-L-Oxd-OH (F2Phe = 3,4-difluorophenylalainine; Oxd = 4-methyl-5-carboxy-oxazolidin-2-one) that formed a strong and transparent hydrogel in 0.5% w/w concentration at pH = 4.2. The formation of a hydrogel made of unnatural fluorinated amino acids may be of great interest in the evaluation of patients with parkinsonian syndromes and may be used for controlled release.

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13

Francisco, J. S., and N. Mina-Camilde. "A study of hydrogen abstraction reactions by halogen atoms with HFCO and HClCO: determination of transition state structures, barrier heights, and vibrational frequencies." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 1 (1993): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-019.

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Theoretical barriers and reaction energetics were determined using ab initio calculations at the PMP4/6-311 + +G** level with UMP2/6-311G** optimized geometries for hydrogen abstraction reactions of HFCO and HClCO by fluorine and chlorine atoms. The largest barriers are predicted for fluorine and chlorine atom abstractions of hydrogen from HFCO. Fluorine and chlorine atom abstractions of hydrogen from HClCO are predicted to be barrierless. The predicted barrier for fluorine atom abstraction of hydrogen from HFCO is calculated to be 1.3 kcal mol−1 and is in good agreement with the experimental value of 1.8 ± 0.4 kcal mol−1.

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14

Gowri, G., Tina Briere, Sudha Srinivas, et al. "Theory of Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions in Solid Fluoromethanes with Implanted 19F* Nuclei. Coupling of HF* and Host Molecule." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (1996): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-635.

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Abstract The Quadrupole Coupling Constant e2qQ and Asymmetry Parameter η of fluorine for fluorine-substitute methane compounds are calculated using the Hartree-Fock Roothaan procedure. Our results are compared with experimental data from measurements by the Time Differential Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) technique using excited 19F* (spin 5/2) nuclei. The theoretical e2qQ’s for the 19F* nuclei in the fluoromethanes are in good agreement with experimental results. For CH2F2 and CHClF2 molecules, where finite η are expected from symmetry considerations, our results for η are small, 0.12 and 0.05 respectively, in agreement with experimental observation. Besides the 19F* coupling constants associated with the C-F bonds in fluoromethanes, additional interesting NQI parameters, close to those in solid hydrogen fluoride, are observed in the TDPAD measurements. It is demonstrated through investigations of the total energies and electric field gradients that these additional NQI parameters for the fluoromethanes can be explained by a HF* molecule hydrogen-bonded through the hydrogen to a fluorine atom in the host molecular systems. This complexing of an ionic molecule to the host molecules in organic solids containing strongly electronegative atoms is expected to be a general feature in both implantation and conventional techniques.

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Parshin, Sergey G., Alexey M. Levchenko, and Alexey S. Maystro. "Metallurgical Model of Diffusible Hydrogen and Non-Metallic Slag Inclusions in Underwater Wet Welding of High-Strength Steel." Metals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111498.

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High susceptibility to cold cracking induced by diffusible hydrogen and hydrogen embrittlement are major obstacles to greater utilization of underwater wet welding for high-strength steels. The aim of the research was to develop gas–slag systems for flux-cored wires that have high metallurgical activity in removal of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental research confirmed that a decrease in the concentration of diffusible hydrogen can be achieved by reducing the partial pressure of hydrogen and water vapor in the vapor–gas bubble and by increasing the hydroxyl capacity of the slag system in metallurgical reactions leading to hydrogen fluoride formation and ionic dissolution of hydroxyl groups in the basic fluorine-containing slag of a TiO2–CaF2–Na3AlF6 system.

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Abhishek, Rai, Kumari Niraj, and Mishra Lallan. "A quick look in the recognition and sensing of fluoride anion." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Aug 2014 (2014): 1439–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728649.

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Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India <em>E-mail</em> : lmishrabhu@yahoo.co.in <em>Manuscript received 20 January 2014, accepted 30 January 2014</em> The fluorine element is the most electronegative and its anion has strong nucleophilic character and behaves as relatively strong Bronsted base. The properties make fluoride ion fond of hydrogen bond interactions. In this manuscript fluoride binding properties in structurally varied molecular structures are exploited.

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17

Fu, Lingxia, Yanxia Yang, Longlong Zhang, Yuanzhi Wu, Jun Liang, and Baocheng Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Fluoride-Incorporated Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." Coatings 9, no. 12 (2019): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120826.

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In this study, films with different fluorine contents were prepared on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by using plasma electrolytic oxidation to study the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the alloy. The morphology of the coating surface, phase, and chemical elements were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The changes in the corrosion resistance with different fluorine contents were investigated by electrochemical experiments, hydrogen evolution, and long-term immersion tests. In addition, murine fibroblast L-929 cells were adopted for in vitro cytotoxicity tests using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, and the morphology of the cells was observed simultaneously by inverted microscopy. The results showed that the main form of the fluorine ions in the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings was magnesium fluoride (MgF2). In addition, the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibilities of the coatings were improved by the addition of fluoride ions. When the content of potassium fluoride reached 10 g/L, the cell compatibility and corrosion resistance were the best, a finding which provides a basis for the clinical applications of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in the biomedical field.

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Marsden, CJ. "The Fate of CrO2F2 in Highly Acidic Media: Fluoride Loss, O-Protonation or F-Protonation?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 12 (1990): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9901991.

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Theoretical calculations at the DZ/SCF level are reported for CrO2F2 and for three of its possible products of interaction with highly acidic anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of CrO2F2 are reproduced with reasonable accuracy. It seems unlikely that CrO2F+ is formed from CrO2F2 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, since that ion is structurally unstable as an isolated entity. While the thermodynamic stabilities of CrO (OH)F2+ and CrO2F(FH)+ are almost identical, comparison of calculated vibrational frequencies with the experimental results of O'Donnell and coworkers suggests that the product of interaction of CrO2F2 with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride/SbF5 is CrO2F(FH]+, rather than CrO (OH)F2+. However, the Cr-F(H) bond in CrO2F(FH)+ is so much longer than the bond to the unprotonated fluorine that CrO2F(FH)+ is perhaps best described as a CrO2F+ ion strongly solvated by one HF molecule.

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19

Román, Raquel, Pablo Barrio, Natalia Mateu, Daniel M. Sedgwick та Santos Fustero. "Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of (E)-β-Fluorovinyl Sulfones". Molecules 24, № 8 (2019): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081569.

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Organofluorine compounds are finding increasing application in a variety of fields such as pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. However, given the scarcity of fluorine-containing natural products, advancement in this area depends almost entirely on the development of new synthetic methodologies. In this article, we present the synthesis of a series of previously undescribed (E)-β-fluorovinyl sulfones via a simple copper-catalyzed addition of hydrogen fluoride to alkynyl sulfone starting materials in varying yields and E/Z selectivities. The hydrogenation of these products was also explored and compared with the hydrogenation of the related Z isomers. These new products may find interesting applications, given the versatility of vinyl sulfones in chemical synthesis and the unique properties of vinyl fluorides in biological settings.

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20

Jursic, B. S. "Theoretical study of the fluorine effect on the methylene insertion reaction in the hydrogen molecule, hydrogen fluoride, and the fluorine molecule." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 467, no. 2 (1999): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00483-7.

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21

Jakubec, Martin, Ivana Císařová, Jindřich Karban, and Jan Sýkora. "The Effect of Deoxyfluorination on Intermolecular Interactions in the Crystal Structures of 1,6-Anhydro-2,3-epimino-hexopyranoses." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010278.

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The effect of substitution on intermolecular interactions was investigated in a series of 1,6-anhydro-2,3-epimino-hexopyranoses. The study focused on the qualitative evaluation of intermolecular interactions using DFT calculations and the comparison of molecular arrangements in the crystal lattice. Altogether, ten crystal structures were compared, including two structures of C4-deoxygenated, four C4-deoxyfluorinated and four parent epimino pyranoses. It was found that the substitution of the original hydroxy group by hydrogen or fluorine leads to a weakening of the intermolecular interaction by approximately 4 kcal/mol. The strength of the intermolecular interactions was found to be in the following descending order: hydrogen bonding of hydroxy groups, hydrogen bonding of the amino group, interactions with fluorine and weak electrostatic interactions. The intermolecular interactions that involved fluorine atom were rather weak; however, they were often supported by other weak interactions. The fluorine atom was not able to substitute the role of the hydroxy group in molecular packing and the fluorine atoms interacted only weakly with the hydrogen atoms located at electropositive regions of the carbohydrate molecules. However, the fluorine interaction was not restricted to a single molecule but was spread over at least three other molecules. This feature is a base for similar molecule arrangements in the structures of related compounds, as we found for the C4-Fax and C4-Feq epimines presented here.

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Aylett, B. J. "Ternary silicon-fluorine-hydrogen compounds." Polyhedron 16, no. 7 (1997): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(97)90275-8.

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23

Chen, Siyan, Zhengqing Zhou, Yong Ma, et al. "Study on Hazardous Areas of Hydrogen Fluoride Diffusion Based on CFD Simulation." Processes 9, no. 9 (2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091545.

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Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a typical dangerous gas in the fluorine chemical industry. Its leakage is one of the most common types of accidents in this industry, and it poses a serious threat to personnel safety and health, environmental sanitation, and social stability. In this paper, the process and consequences of an HF leakage accident in a fluorine chemical plant were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software, and hazardous areas (lethal area, severe injury area, light injury area, and maximum allowable concentration area) of HF diffusion were determined according to the HF concentration corresponding to the degree of personal injury. Moreover, the effects of wind speed and height on hazardous areas were analyzed. The research results of this paper provide model support for similar enterprises to predict the consequences of harmful gas leakage accidents, and give suggestions on emergency evacuation and rescue work, which have practical application significance.

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KRISHNA, C. JOSHI. "Fluorine containing Bioactive Heterocycles." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 63, Feb 1986 (1986): 187–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6253363.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 In recent decades, there has been considerable interest in medical applications and biochemistry of organic compounds containing fluorine. The discovery of 5-fluoronracil in the fifties is a classical example of a heterocyclic compound where the replacement of even one hydrogen by a fluorine atom led to great modification in biological activity of the parent non-fluorinated heterocycle. This presentation gives a background to this exciting new area in organic chemistry and briefly describes some of the recent work in the author's laboratory.

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Babkina, V. A., Yu A. Sangalov, K. S. Minsker, et al. "Theoretical Estimation of Acid Strength of Fluorine Hydrogen-Boron Fluoride Complexes." International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 47, no. 2-3 (2000): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030008035084.

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Moritz, W., L. Bartholomäus, U. Roth, V. Filippov, A. Vasiliev, and A. Terentjev. "Semiconductor sensors for the detection of fluorocarbons, fluorine and hydrogen fluoride." Analytica Chimica Acta 393, no. 1-3 (1999): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00339-6.

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Saito, Kento, and Hajime Torii. "Hidden Halogen-Bonding Ability of Fluorine Manifesting in the Hydrogen-Bond Configurations of Hydrogen Fluoride." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 125, no. 42 (2021): 11742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07211.

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Amine, K., T. Nakajima, and M. Motoyama. "Structure of fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds synthesized in gaseous and anhydrous liquid hydrogen fluoride with fluorine gas." Carbon 32, no. 6 (1994): 1067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(94)90216-x.

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Pashkevich, D. S. "Regeneration of Fluorine in the Form of Hydrogen Fluoride from Volatile Fluorine-Containing Wastes in a Hydrogen-Containing Fuel–Oxygen-Containing Oxidant Flame." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 13, no. 6 (2019): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793119060083.

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Kolmer, M., R. Zuzak, A. K. Steiner, et al. "Fluorine-programmed nanozipping to tailored nanographenes on rutile TiO2 surfaces." Science 363, no. 6422 (2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4954.

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The rational synthesis of nanographenes and carbon nanoribbons directly on nonmetallic surfaces has been an elusive goal for a long time. We report that activation of the carbon (C)–fluorine (F) bond is a reliable and versatile tool enabling intramolecular aryl-aryl coupling directly on metal oxide surfaces. A challenging multistep transformation enabled by C–F bond activation led to a dominolike coupling that yielded tailored nanographenes directly on the rutile titania surface. Because of efficient regioselective zipping, we obtained the target nanographenes from flexible precursors. Fluorine positions in the precursor structure unambiguously dictated the running of the “zipping program,” resulting in the rolling up of oligophenylene chains. The high efficiency of the hydrogen fluoride zipping makes our approach attractive for the rational synthesis of nanographenes and nanoribbons directly on insulating and semiconducting surfaces.

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Kobayashi, Yoshinori, Kiminori Sato, Masato Yamawaki, Koji Michishio, Toshitaka Oka, and Masakazu Washio. "Nonthermalized para-positronium (p-Ps) in fluorinated polymers and silica glass." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3029, no. 1 (2025): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3029/1/012001.

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Abstract In this paper, we discuss nonthermalized para-positronium (p-Ps) in fluorinated polymers [Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)], and silica glass based on the Tao-Eldrup model, which takes account of Ps captured at different energy levels. Comparison of the energy of p-Ps estimated by positron annihilation age-momentum correlation (AMOC) with the calculation based on the Tao-Eldrup model reveals that p-Ps increasingly occupies higher energy levels in the polymers as more hydrogen is substituted by fluorine. In silica glass consisting of silicon (heavier than fluorine) and oxygen only the contribution of the lowest excited levels may be significant. These results are qualitatively in line with the previous observation for the energy dissipation of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) in nanoporous silica films.

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Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz, Konstantin Shestakov, Michael Yermolenko, et al. "Magnesium Oxide Production by Plasma Chemical Conversion from Fluorine-Containing Industrial Waste." Coatings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111658.

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This work discusses the possibility of decomposing magnesium fluoride by ionized water vapor to form solid magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas in the reaction: MgF2 + H2O → MgO + 2HF. The technology and individual apparatuses of the plasma-chemical installation are described, and the influence of the fractional composition of magnesium fluoride powder on the productivity of the plasma conversion process is considered. To improve the efficiency of the plasma pyrolysis process, a method for making magnesium fluoride briquettes was developed. The completeness of the conversion process of magnesium fluoride to an oxide was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the study of objects in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by X-ray diffractometry. It was found that the conversion process of magnesium fluoride to magnesium oxide has a relatively high degree of decomposition of magnesium fluoride fraction ≤75 µm. The use of the proposed processing method makes it possible to obtain pure magnesium oxide as a commercial product and to utilize fluorine-containing industrial waste.

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Rude, L. H., U. Filsø, V. D'Anna, et al. "Hydrogen–fluorine exchange in NaBH4–NaBF4." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 41 (2013): 18185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52815d.

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Harrison, Jeremy J., Martyn P. Chipperfield, Christopher D. Boone, et al. "Satellite observations of stratospheric hydrogen fluoride and comparisons with SLIMCAT calculations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 16 (2016): 10501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10501-2016.

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Abstract. The vast majority of emissions of fluorine-containing molecules are anthropogenic in nature, e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Many of these fluorine-containing species deplete stratospheric ozone and are regulated by the Montreal Protocol. Once in the atmosphere they slowly degrade, ultimately leading to the formation of hydrogen fluoride (HF), the dominant reservoir of stratospheric fluorine due to its extreme stability. Monitoring the growth of stratospheric HF is therefore an important marker for the success of the Montreal Protocol. We report the comparison of global distributions and trends of HF measured in the Earth's atmosphere by the satellite remote-sensing instruments ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer), which has been recording atmospheric spectra since 2004, and HALOE (HALogen Occultation Experiment), which recorded atmospheric spectra between 1991 and 2005, with the output of SLIMCAT, a state-of-the-art three-dimensional chemical transport model. In general the agreement between observation and model is good, although the ACE-FTS measurements are biased high by ∼ 10 % relative to HALOE. The observed global HF trends reveal a substantial slowing down in the rate of increase of HF since the 1990s: 4.97 ± 0.12 % year−1 (1991–1997; HALOE), 1.12 ± 0.08 % year−1 (1998–2005; HALOE), and 0.52 ± 0.03 % year−1 (2004–2012; ACE-FTS). In comparison, SLIMCAT calculates trends of 4.01, 1.10, and 0.48 % year−1, respectively, for the same periods; the agreement is very good for all but the earlier of the two HALOE periods. Furthermore, the observations reveal variations in the HF trends with latitude and altitude; for example, between 2004 and 2012 HF actually decreased in the Southern Hemisphere below ∼ 35 km. An additional SLIMCAT simulation with repeating meteorology for the year 2000 produces much cleaner trends in HF with minimal variations with latitude and altitude. Therefore, the variations with latitude and altitude in the observed HF trends are due to variability in stratospheric dynamics on the timescale of a few years. Overall, the agreement between observation and model points towards the ongoing success of the Montreal Protocol and the usefulness of HF as a metric for stratospheric fluorine.

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Brown, A. T., M. P. Chipperfield, N. A. D. Richards, C. Boone, and P. F. Bernath. "Global stratospheric fluorine inventory for 2004–2009 from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) measurements and SLIMCAT model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 1 (2014): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-267-2014.

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Abstract. Fluorine-containing species can be extremely effective atmospheric greenhouse gases. We present fluorine budgets using organic and inorganic species retrieved by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument supplemented with output from the SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. The budgets are calculated between 2004 and 2009 for a number of latitude bands: 70–30° N, 30–00° N, 00° N–30° S, and 30–70° S. At lower altitudes total fluorine profiles are dominated by the contribution from CFC-12, up to an altitude of 20 km in the extra-tropics and 29 km in the tropics; above these altitudes the profiles are dominated by hydrogen fluoride (HF). Our data show that total fluorine profiles at all locations have a negative slope with altitude, providing evidence that overall fluorine emissions (measured by their F content) have been increasing with time. Total stratospheric fluorine is increasing at a similar rate in the tropics: 32.5 ± 4.9 ppt yr−1 (1.31 ± 0.20% per year) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and 29.8 ± 5.3 ppt yr−1 (1.21 ± 0.22% per year) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Extra-tropical total stratospheric fluorine is also increasing at a similar rate in both the NH and SH: 28.3 ± 2.7 ppt per year (1.12 ± 0.11% per year) in the NH and 24.3 ± 3.1 ppt per year (0.96 ± 0.12% per year) in the SH. The calculation of radiative efficiency-weighted total fluorine allows the changes in radiative forcing between 2004 and 2009 to be calculated. These results show an increase in radiative forcing of between 0.23 ± 0.11% per year and 0.45 ± 0.11% per year, due to the increase in fluorine-containing species during this time. The decreasing trends in the mixing ratios of halons and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), due to their prohibition under the Montreal Protocol, have suppressed an increase in total fluorine caused by increasing mixing ratios of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). This has reduced the impact of fluorine-containing species on global warming.

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Savchenkov, Mikhail F., N. V. Efimova, R. S. Manueva, L. A. Nikolaeva, and N. S. Shin. "Thyroid gland pathology in children population exposed to the combination of iodine deficiency and fluoride pollution of environment." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 12 (2019): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-12-1201-1205.

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The article presents results of study of the impact of iodine deficiency and technogenic fluoride on the state of the thyroid gland in children. On the example of two districts of the city of Bratsk there were executed dynamic investigations (2002 and 2012), including the estimation of the pollution of ambient air and soil by fluorine compounds, levels of iodine intake by the body, the clinical examination of children aged from 5 to 7 years d and interviewing of their parents. In the course of the medical examination there were executed: physical examination by the pediatrician, endocrinologist, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, the determination both of serum hormone content by radioimmunoassay and urinary excretion offluorine and iodine. Concentrations of hydrogen fluoride and a solidfluorides in ambient air led to the accumulation offluoride ion in the soil. The iodine entering with drinking water and food, was established to provide only 37.5-50% of the daily requirement of iodine. Increased fluoride ion content in urine and milk teeth in children is associated with the concentrations of the fluorine-containing pollutants in the ambient air and soil. The fluoride pollution against the background of the natural iodine deficiency was established to increase the frequency of functional and morphological disorders of the thyroid gland in children.

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NAKAJIMA, Tsuyoshi, Michiyuki NAMBA, and Yoshihiro KAWABATA. "Fluorine Intercalation in Graphite in Molten Salt and Anhydrous Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride." Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 61, no. 7 (1993): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.61.738.

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38

Lüchow, Arne, and James B. Anderson. "Accurate quantum Monte Carlo calculations for hydrogen fluoride and the fluorine atom." Journal of Chemical Physics 105, no. 11 (1996): 4636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472306.

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M. Petruševski, Vladimir, and Julijana Cvetković. "ON THE ‘TRUE POSITION’ OF HYDROGEN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE." Contributions, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences 38, no. 1 (2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20903/csnmbs.masa.2017.38.1.103.

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Several attempts are known lately intending to point to ‘the proper place’ for hydrogen (sometimes also helium) in the Periodic Table of the elements. There are altogether five different types of arguments that lead to the following conclusions: (1) Hydrogen should be placed in Group 1, above lithium; (2) Hydrogen should be placed in group 17, above fluorine; (3) Hydrogen is to be placed in group 14, above carbon; (4) Hydrogen should be positioned above both lithium and fluorine and (5) Hydrogen should be treated as a stand-alone element, in the center of the Periodic Table. Although all proposals are based on arguments, not all offered arguments sound equally convincing. An attempt is made, after critical reexamination of the offered arguments, to hopefully point to the best possible choice for the position of hydrogen. Few words are also mentioned on the structure of the Periodic Table and the (novel) attempts to reorganize it.

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40

Lyga, John W., Robert N. Henrie, Gary A. Meier, R. William Creekmore, and Russell M. Patera. "‘Through-space’ hydrogen-fluorine, carbon-fluorine and fluorine-fluorine spin-spin coupling in 2-phenyl-3-alkyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 31, no. 4 (1993): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260310402.

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41

Journal, Baghdad Science. "The Effect of Fluorine and Hydrogen Concentrations on the Chain Reaction of HF Chemical Laser." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 1 (2010): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.1.48-56.

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A numerical investigation has been performed to examine the effect of fluorine concentration on the chain reaction mechanisms and parameters of hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical laser. The practical difficulties associated with this type of lasers impose that an alternative route might be quite useful. Thus, particular attention was paid to develop a computer program to investigate various processes. The results of this computer simulation program proved their credibility when compared with the little published data. This computer program is called Reaction Rate Simulation Model (RRSM). An entirely new approach to emulate the reaction mechanisms has been followed. The effectiveness of reaction rates in the processes of HF laser production has been investigated. This simulation program dealt with the percentages of the forward and reverse reactions, when a large number of reactions have been considered. In addition a large number of species have been taken into account in these reactions. From the computer program (RRSM), some valuable results could be predicted with regard to the hydrogen fluoride chemical laser.

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42

Zhang, Chun Yan, Yan Long Ma, and Cheng Long Liu. "Study on Corrosion Property of Fluoride Treated Biodegradable AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1669.

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In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys as degradable implant material, fluorine conversion coatings were synthesized on AZ31 magnesium alloy by immersion in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for different time. Potentiodynamic electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution testing were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of the coated alloys in Hanks solution. It is indicated that the fluoride conversion coating, which is compact and composed of MgF2, can significantly decrease the degradation rate of Mg alloy AZ31 in Hanks solution. The most improved corrosion protection was achieved by immersion for 10 days. The corrosion current density was 40 times lower than that of the substrate and the hydrogen evolution rate of the coated sample was only one-fiftieth of the substrate.

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43

Hennig, Lothar, Ketty Ayala-Leon, Jorge Angulo-Cornejo, Rainer Richter, and Lothar Beyer. "Fluorine hydrogen short contacts and hydrogen bonds in substituted benzamides." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 130, no. 5 (2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.02.009.

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44

Petruševski, Vladimir M. "Oxidation of HF with KMnO4 and possible misconceptions about HF." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 43, no. 2 (2024): 281–84. https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2926.

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Is hydrogen fluoride or its aqueous solution really incompatible with KMnO4? If so, in what respect (meaning why)? This contribution seeks to answer the previous question that was posed some 20 years ago on the pages of the Journal of Chemical Education. The previous conclusion was that KMnO4 cannot oxidize fluoride anions to elemental fluorine. However, this does not prevent the possibility of another type of reaction occurring between HF and KMnO4. In brief, the reaction of HF(aq) and KMnO4(s) cannot occur with concentrated HF(aq), where w(HF) ≈ 0.4. However, the reaction of liquefied hydrogen fluoride, HF(l) and KMnO4(s) appears to produce Mn2O7(l), which is explosive even at moderate temperatures. The same applies to aqueous solutions of HF where w(HF) ≥ 0.6. In this contribution, some details are further explained and the spreading of some misconceptions is, hopefully, hampered. In addition, some authors described HF as a "flammable and explosive" substance, which is even worse than claiming that "water is flammable and explosive".

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45

Rádl, Stanislav, and Viktor Zikán. "Synthesis of some 1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids and their antibacterial activity." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 8 (1989): 2181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892181.

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1,4-Dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids VIIIc and VIIId were prepared via their ethyl esters VIIIa and VIIIb, which were obtained by a direct arylation of ethyl 7-chloro-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate (VIa). When treated with piperazine or N-methylpiperazine compound VIIId yields VIIIe or VIIIf, respectively. Reduction of VIIId, VIIIe, and VIIIf with ferrous sulfate yields VIIIg, VIIIh, and VIIIi, respectively. Diazotization and introduction of fluorine into VIIIg using hydrogen fluoride-pyridine yields VIIIj. The compounds prepared were tested for their antimicrobial activity in vitro.

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46

Kijowski, Jerzy, Geoffrey Webb, and John M. Winfield. "Radiotracers in fluorine chemistry. Part IX fluorination of chlorofluoroethanes by chromia catalysts treated with hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen [18F]-fluoride." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 27, no. 2 (1985): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)84990-8.

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47

Pietruś, Wojciech, Rafał Kafel, Andrzej J. Bojarski, and Rafał Kurczab. "Hydrogen Bonds with Fluorine in Ligand–Protein Complexes-the PDB Analysis and Energy Calculations." Molecules 27, no. 3 (2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031005.

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Fluorine is a common substituent in medicinal chemistry and is found in up to 50% of the most profitable drugs. In this study, a statistical analysis of the nature, geometry, and frequency of hydrogen bonds (HBs) formed between the aromatic and aliphatic C–F groups of small molecules and biological targets found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) repository was presented. Interaction energies were calculated for those complexes using three different approaches. The obtained results indicated that the interaction energy of F-containing HBs is determined by the donor–acceptor distance and not by the angles. Moreover, no significant relationship between the energies of HBs with fluorine and the donor type was found, implying that fluorine is a weak HB acceptor for all types of HB donors. However, the statistical analysis of the PDB repository revealed that the most populated geometric parameters of HBs did not match the calculated energetic optima. In a nutshell, HBs containing fluorine are forced to form due to the stronger ligand–receptor neighboring interactions, which make fluorine the “donor’s last resort”.

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Nagarajan, V., and R. Chandiramouli. "DFT investigation on interaction of chlorine with In2O3 nanostructures." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 11 (2015): 1249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0150.

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The structural, electronic, and adsorption properties of chlorine on pristine, tin-, aluminum-, and fluorine-substituted In2O3 nanostructures are successfully optimized and computed using density functional theory along with the B2LYP/LanL2DZ basis set. The electronic properties of pristine, tin-, aluminum-, and fluorine-substituted In2O3 nanostructures are discussed in terms of ionization potential, HOMO–LUMO gap, and electron affinity. The dipole moment and point symmetry group of In2O3 nanostructures are also reported. The structural stability of pristine, tin-, aluminum-, and fluorine-substituted In2O3 nanostructures are investigated in terms of formation energy. The adsorption properties of chlorine on In2O3 are studied and the most appropriate adsorption sites of Cl2 on In2O3 nanostructures are reported. The adsorption properties of hydrogen on In2O3 nanostructures are also investigated and inferred that In2O3 exhibits good sensing characteristics towards hydrogen. The adsorbed energy, HOMO–LUMO gap, Mulliken population analysis, and average energy gap variation are used to identify the prominent adsorption site of Cl2 on In2O3 material. The substitution of fluorine in In2O3 nanostructures enhances the Cl2 adsorption properties in the mixed gas atmosphere.

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Matsugi, Akira, Hiroumi Shiina, Kentaro Tsuchiya, and Akira Miyoshi. "Chain Reaction Mechanism in Hydrogen/Fluorine Combustion." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117, no. 51 (2013): 14042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp410597n.

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Conte, L., G. P. Gambaretto, M. Napoli, and C. Gervasutti. "Fluorination of Hydrogen-containing with elemental fluorine." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 38, no. 3 (1988): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81067-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogen fluorine'

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