Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrogène – Aspect de l'environnement'
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Denis, Mireille. "Dosage et mécanisme d'émission de vapeurs dans l'air au voisinage de résines usées de la centrale nucléaire Gentilly-2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29210/29210.pdf.
Full textBrécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Baucomont, Michel. "L'industrie et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020083.
Full textBouin, Frédéric. "Tourisme et droit de l'environnement." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0471.
Full textAlliaume, Véronique. "Intégration de l'environnement dans la stratégie d'entreprise : cas d'application EDF." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0038.
Full textImpacts, the preservation of nature, the safety and security of products, and chemical or nuclear installations,. . . The dynamics of this standardisation process (the definition of technical and legal standards) the development and internationalisation of environmental policies (setting up of appropriate regulatory bodies) has resulted, at least in part, in an internationalisation by those responsible for the pollution of the social costs related to the environmental damage caused. Indeed, these dispositions have mostly been lobbied by the numerous associations or environmental and or ecological movements, with the assistance of the lawyers, the support of science and economics professors, and the back up of the media, to the extent that public opinion still today is significant in shaping environmental action, and plays a crucial role for those companies accused of misdemeanours. As a result, Electricite de France, one of the largest electricity companies in the world and one of the last state monopolies, has had to adapt on three fronts : internal, national and international. At each of these three levels, the environment is one of the major factors that EDF is required to consider in order to deal with its development and future. Such environmental problems that EDF must face are obviously related to the activities of the company which generates almost all the electric energy of France, as well as supplying and distributing it to each customer's home. Furthermore, through its undertakings abroad : direct sales of electricity in Europe, export and operations of electricity generating systems, technical and financial engineering, or its "diplomatic" activity through its participation in E7, EDF is required to meet a global challenge : that of sustainable development. Hence, the environment plays a significant role with implications across the board of EDF's activities and strategy, whether in technical choices for generation or marketing of…
Gérard, Yannick. "Mémoire sémantique et sons de l'environnement." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL011.
Full textYou're walking quietly and far away you hear a barking dog. A dog? But how do you know that it is a dog? In addition, does this barking dog prepare you it to hear other sounds? Here are the two central purposes of this thesis, determine if a sound activates an abstract structure of knowledge in semantic memory, and if so, how these structures were organised? Ten experiments organised in 3 studies investigate these questions. A first study of 4 experiments in short-term priming with short context indicates that environmental sounds activate abstract structures of knowledge in semantic memory. The results suggest dissimilarities between the organisation of words and the organisation of environmental sounds in LTM. The way environmental sounds are linked (to each other) in memory are studied with a free association experiment, two experiments of free categorization and a short-term priming experiment (Study 2). They highlight that many factors influence the processing of these sounds (linguistic mediation, temporal "stress", sound categories, uncertainty about the cause of the sound). The environmental sounds seem organise as a function of the place where we can be heard together (farm, street, etc. . . ) and certain acoustic characteristics. In a third and last study of short-term priming with long context (sound sentences and auditory scenes) a maximum of these factors is controlled and the organisation of sounds observed in the second study is taken into account. The results are asymmetrical and show that a sentence facilitates the processing of congruent sounds compared with incongruent sounds, the reverse is observed when the context is a naturalistic auditory scene. The results of our study in naturalistic context are interpreted with the "pop out" phenomenon. This thesis suggests that environmental sounds activate conceptual knowledge in semantic memory used for the language and are organised in LTM in auditive scenes which do not create any expectancies about the probable sound objects in this scene and make more obvious all the unexpected sounds in this same scene
Parent, Élizabeth. "Détermination quantitative d'antibiotiques (chlortétracycline, oxytétracycline, tylosine) dans quelques types de fumiers de ferme enrichis artificiellement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26454/26454.pdf.
Full textDavid, Michaël. "La décentralisation de l'environnement : essai sur l'administration de l'environnement par les collectivités locales." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40054.
Full textMarquié, Jean-Claude. "Vieillissement cognitif, expérience, et contraintes de l'environnement. Perspectives théoriques et ergonomiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30235.
Full textGoffette, Céline. "Le contexte social du tabagisme : le rôle de l'environnement familial et professionnel." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0028.
Full textThis thesis aims at sudying smoking practices in their social context. Two environnments are studied : family context and work context
Guyon, Thierry. "Les entreprises nationales et l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33033.
Full textTomini, Agnes. "Essais en économie de l'environnement et ressources en eau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24018.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at analyzing major water issues underlying the scarcity of the resource. Actually, this resource insures various crucial functions supporting human life as well as our economical system. Thereby, within the scarcity context, the allocation of the resource among different users and across time is a harder ask. This fact leads us to make choice which can be guided by the economic tools. Thus, given the water challenges, this Ph. D thesis aims at bringing some answers to specific topics such that the valuation of total economic value, the risk of conflict, the population migration, the exploitation of groundwater conjointly with rainwater harvesting and the virtual water concept
Llerena, Daniel. "L'internalisation de l'environnement et apprentissages dans les organisations." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC11.
Full textThis dissertation focusses on the dynamic of integration of the environmental issues in the activities of industrial organizations. The development of environmental knowledge is based on double-loop learning inside the firm in order to create new theories of actions which integrate the environmental dimension. In the first part of the dissertation, the analysis of individual learning processes allows us to characterize the formation of beliefs when the agents are confronted with radical uncertainty and, thus, to precise the concept of contextual rationality. In the second part, the creation of organizational knowledge is analysed. The introduction of a cooperative structure inside the firm is central to our analysis of emergence of collective knowledge. The efficiency of the firm depends on the evolution of individual knowledge and know-how, but also on the evolution of the capabilities of the members to bring together and to combine their skills in order to create new competences in the organization. Organizational learning is then analysed in terms of cognitive cooperations between the members of the firm
Permingeat, Frédérique. "La coutume et le droit de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_permingeat_f.pdf.
Full textIn law, the challenge for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, including protection against pollutions, nuisances and risks calls for the diversification of its tools of intervention nowadays. However, the role that the customary may play in this respect is widely ignored. Nevertheless, the analysis of the usages in effect, in the society, reveals that numbers of them govern activities having a direct or indirect impact on the ecosystems. Customary glows itself with an ecological dimension and appears as a possible substitute of the state norms in environmental law. The analysis of substantive law reveals however that public authorities have not noted the interest of this usage yet in this respect. It is true that its protective vocation remains still fragile and must be confirmed in the decades to come. In addition, must be avoided the stumbling block of the traditionalism, which would consist in promoting customary by the only reverence of the past. For all that, usage remains nevertheless a promising instrument of conservation of the biosphere to which the State would be sure to open
Ferrari, Sylvie. "Étude économique des ressources énergétiques dans le cadre d'une approche globale intégrant l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10024.
Full textThe energetic system deeply disturbs biosphere equilibriums. Drawing a lesson from thermodynamic and ecological principles, the energetic system appears as an open system. It draws organized resources -of low entropy- from the environment and releases wastes -disorganized elements of high entropy. Consequently, it implies an irreversible increase of natural environment entropy. However, the control of the entropic evolution is possible if it gives up the evolution path on which it stands, and to be on its way towards a real coevolution and a flexible evolution path ensuring the perenniality of energetic patrimony for the future generations
Larouche, Francis. "Émissions de protoxyde d'azote dans une rotation maïs/soya telles qu'influencées par le travail du sol et la fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24048/24048.pdf.
Full textGiroud, Claire. "Etude du mécanisme des NO synthases : importance du réseau de liaisons hydrogène dans l'environnement et la réactivité de l'hème." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S011.
Full textNO-synthases are hemo-thiolate proteins that catalyze the oxidation of L-arginine to NO. Despite the analogies with the mechanism proposed for other hemo-proteins such as the cytochrome P450 family, the detailed molecular mechanism of NOS remains mostly elusive. We investigated the role of the proton of L-Arg guanidinium on the stability and reactivity of the Fe"-O2 complex by exploiting a series of L-Arg analogues that display a wide range of pKa values. Using a combination of spectroelectrochemistry, infrared and resonance Raman spectroscopies, we analyzed the effects of these analogues on the proximal ligand characteristics, the porphyrin conformation, the heme redox potential and the electrostatic properties of heme distal environment. Our results strongly suggest that the pKa of the substrate guanidinium controls the H-bond network surrounding the distal ligand: it finely controls the proton transfer event, tune NOS oxidative chemistry and determine the nature of NOS production
Labadie, Pierre. "Détermination des stéroïdes hormonaux dans l'environnement : développement analytiques et applications." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12884.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Sudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Ngo, Biboum Bimbong Rosa. "Polyoxométallates et chimie verte : molécules et matériaux nanostructurés pour la conversion de l'énergie et l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612028.
Full textNourry, Myriam. "Essais empiriques sur la relation entre la croissance économique et l'environnement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4021.
Full textThis research deals with the relationship between economic growth and the environment. The three empirical essays described in this work are based on the survey on the environmental Kuznets curve, presented in the first chapter. The second analyzes eight indicators of sustainable development and provides their numerical national assessments between 1990 and 2000. The comparison of trends from the varions measures shows French development was weakly sustainable, but unsustainable in the strong sense over the examined decade. The hypothesis of stochastic convergence for individual sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) missions is tested empirically in the third chapter, over respectively 81 nations between 1950 and 1990 and 127 countries between 1950 and 2003. In this context, a recent, alternative econometric methodology, developed by Pesaran (2007), is applied. Empirical results from unit root and stationarity tests suggest a limited environmental convergence process, even between OECD countries. Building on Hausmann et al. (2005) article, the last chapter identifies episodes of CO2 missions growth acceleration and episodes of degrowth over a dataset composed of 124 economies from 1950 to 2004. Econometric methods of binary variables on panel data are used to find economic, demographic and institutional determinants of such trends. Given the low explanatory power of the significant variables, the empirical study suggests the triggering of acceleration and degrowth episodes remains highly unpredictable
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textFodha, Mouez. "Une analyse des politiques fiscales de l'environnement par les modèles à générations imbriquées." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010028.
Full textThis thesis aims at assessing the consequences of fiscal policies partaking in environmental policies. This approach is original in that different generations responsible for intergenerational externalities are being taken into account. In a first chapter, we raise the question whether conciliations between private agents' span - limited by the life cycle hypothesis - and the environment long term span are possible. This temporal op, position is a source of iniquity since agents' selfish behaviour precludes any intergenerational obliga, tion contract. The second chapter characterizes the necessary conditions for the obtention of a double dividend, i. E. An improvement of non-environmental welfare when the revenue of the tax is recycled by a reduction in the rate of social contributions. We then show how to determine an optimal combination of envi, ronmental tax and social contribution which do not deteriorate current generations' welfare. The achievement of this second dividend, compatible with the first one - the improvement of the envi, ronmental quality - lays down specific conditions with regard to the economy capital intensity. This result emphasizes how important the choices of the specifications used to evaluate the double divi, dend hypothesis are. In the third chapter, the revenue of the tax is assigned to pollution abatement. We simultaneously consider a public abatement pollution sector financed by a tax, and private voluntary contributions to the abatement of pollution. We show that, under certain conditions, this tax may lead to a double divi, dend. In a last chapter, we build an overlapping generation general equilibrium model applied to eco, nomic policies of environmental protection. We distinguish two categories of households (skilled and unskilled workers) as well as two productive sectors (standard and green). Numerical results show that the assignment of the environmental tax revenues to pollution abatement is more apt to generate a double dividend situation
Angeli, Jean-Marc. "Formulations et procédés de nettoyage et d'entretien à faible incidence sur l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30022.
Full textLalonde, Benoît. "Analyse géographique et multiniveau de l'influence de l'environnement scolaire sur la pratique de l'activité physique de jeunes élèves du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25616.
Full textBaudry, Marc. "Les options : applications à l'économie des ressources et de l'environnement." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10001.
Full textBresson-Mazet, Corinne. "Perception et action dans la catégorisation : le cas de l'environnement urbain et routier." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H019.
Full textTrivino, Arevalo Angela. "Étude environnementale comparative des procédés de valorisation du lactosérum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27923.
Full textThe residue from cheese production is whey, which has a biological oxygen demand (BOD) of between 40,000 and 60,000 mg/L. However, according to the standards prescribed by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and the Fight against Climate Change the effluent BOD cannot exceed 10 mg/L. The high content of lactose represents an important environmental burden which obliges them to be managed. The drying of whey, the valorization of its proteins or lactose, the production of methane constitute some alternatives of valorization’s pathways. To date, few studies have been done to evaluate the environmental impact of whey valorization. The objective of this project was to assess and compare the environmental impact of four whey management scenarios. The scenarios considered were: the production of skimmed whey; the production of whey powder; the production of methane and the production of diols. Data from cheese dairies in Québec concerning energy consumption and the quantity and nature of the raw materials used made it possible to determine the environmental impact of each evaluation procedure. According to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the environmental impact was quantified on climate change (CC), ecosystem quality (QE), human health (SH) and resources (R). The results showed that the production of diols generates more environmental impact followed by the production of whey powder. The production of skimmed whey and methane results in a reduction of the impact on CC and R. The data obtained in this project could help to guide industrialists in their choice of processes for managing whey and permeate in a context of eco-efficiency.
Puel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Cruchaudet, Frédéric. "Les réseaux et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33001.
Full textMarcotte-Latulippe, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils émis lors du séchage de bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23565/23565.pdf.
Full textWood drying is essential for any use as a product. In effect, the equilibrium moisture of wood must satisfy the Canadian norms (Industrie Canada, 2005). However, during this process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted in the environment. The compositions of the VOCs as well as the effects on human and on the environment need to be the scientific community. The aim of the present research was to collect and to identify the VOCs emitted during the conventional drying process of two wood speices: black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) at medium temperature, and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) by dehumidification with a heat pump at medium temperature. For black spruce, the total average of VOCs represent 0,196g/kgdry wood for the two experiment. The main non-polar VOCs were α-pinene (0,0435g/kgdry wood), β-pinene (0,0147g/kgdry wood), 3-carene (0,0044g/kg dry wood), β-phellendrene/limonene (0,069g/kgdry wood), β-myrcene (0,0009g/kgdry wood) and camphene (0,0007g/kgdry wood). The polar compounds were formaldehyde (0,001g/kgdry wood), methanol (0,0336g/kgdry wood), acetic aldehyde (0,0226g/kgdry wood), acetic acid (0,0145g/kgdry wood), methyl ethyl ketone (0,0149g/kg dry wood), methyl isobutyl ketone (0,0074g/kgdry wood) and acetophenone (0,0092g/kgdry wood). For maple sugar, the major VOCs emitted were the acetic acid (0,160g/kgdry wood), ethanol (0,055g/kg dry wood), propan-2-ol (0,021g/kgdry wood), butan-2-one (0,005g/kgdry wood) and acetic aldehyde (0,002g/kgdry wood). The total amount of VOCs produced as well as the effects on human health and on the environment need further investigations.
Dubois, Nicolas. "L'automobile : un espace vécu comme un autre chez-soi." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100005.
Full textThis research was aimed at highlighting the importance of affective and symbolic dimensions of the relationship between drivers and their car. This work examines why certain kinds of drivers consider their car as a place where they feel at home. We studied the everyday experience of drivers through the relationship between the attitudes toward their car, their dwelling, appropriation of car space and the existence of home and work behaviors while in their car. An empirical assessment of this relationship was realized. The results indicate that symbolic and affective attitudes significantly influence the relationship to car. They are associated with richer everyday experiences. Concerning the feeling of being at home, it is linked to ideas such as familarity, privacy, identity, autonomy and centrality and refers to a personalized and controlled space. From this point of view, two kinds of drivers were distinguished according to their attitudes towards their dwelling
Garnaud, Françoise. "La protection de l'environnement contre la résidence secondaire : mythe ou réalité ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D302.
Full textThe development of the french tourism and the increase of the spare time have favoured the multiplication of the second home, since the 60's. This is still going on nowadays, through different forms (individual or collective, isolated or integrated into operations of tourist planning), corroding and impoverishing insidiousely the free, rare and fragil spaces, and the natural environment said to be protected while an intense policy of tourist development is expanding. The implantation and building of the second home are not regulated at all. However the second home contributes to the increase of the financial charges of local authorities which demand more and more important government sunsidies, and they h deliberate incentives and a revival od passion for old accomodation only can stop the waste of ground and of a public finances, and can begin the repopulation of the french country
Ameknassi, Lhoussaine. "Stratégie de mise en œuvre de l'éco-conception : aspects techniques & organisationnels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23404.
Full textLemieux, Mélanie. "La prédiction de l'activité physique de transport : quel est le rôle des cognitions et de l'environnement perçu ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25450/25450.pdf.
Full textGautier-Sicari, Marie-Axelle. "Les plates-formes industrielles et le droit de l'environnement : contradictions et avancées juridiques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4021.
Full textIn environmental law, the study of the legal framework applicable to industrial platforms which bring together in the same location severa related activities under distinct legal entities shows the weaknesses of the Environmental French Integrated Regulation applicable to "installations classées" when these run multiple operations. In fact two overlapping legal frameworks apply to these facilities : a private law framework resulting from the various contracts concluded between the parties and a public law framework due to the application of regulations pertaining to classified industrial facilities characterized by both the status of the operator and the operating unit. These aspects hinder an effective environmental protection, particularly when environmental risks are assessed and prevented which should be both a collective and individual endeavour. These difficulties are found again when soils have to be rehabilitated once exploitation has ceased. The ways industrialists face these legal weaknesses are therefore a learning experience
Goutailler, Gaëlle. "Contribution à l'étude du devenir de deux insecticides dans l'environnement : la cyromazine et le dicyclanil." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10248.
Full textPersonne, Marion. "Contribution à la méthodologie d'intégration de l'environnement dans les PME-PMI : évaluations des performances environnementales." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0110/these.pdf.
Full textWe have studied electro-optical properties of both wurtzite and zinc-blende gallium nitride (GaN), which is, presently, the most promising material for blue light emitting diodes applications. Samples characterized in this study are epitaxial layers deposited on different substrates with large mismatch of lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient. First, the intrinsic-optical material properties are studied by photoluminescence and photoreflectance. The evolution of excitonic recombination energies with both residual strain and temperature is observed. Moreover, the effect of a high doping level on band edge transitions is shown. Particularly, we evidenced an auto-compensation phenomenon in highly silicon-doped layers. In a second part, we studied defect-related photoluminescence transitions, which are correlated with sample growth conditions or doping. In undoped or magnesium doped layers, similarities between deep luminescence bands in zinc-blende and in wurtzite GaN are shown. Using these results, we analyse p-n GaN junction electroluminescence of both polytypes. The third part is devoted to electrical studies of hexagonal phase GaN Shottky diodes and p-n junctions. We analyse current-conduction mechanisms, and evidence several deep levels in GaN bandgap, which may be involved in radiative recombination mechanism. Our results allow a better understanding of electrical conduction and radiative recombination mechanisms in GaN-based optoelectronic devices, and a forecast of the influence of material growth conditions on the device performance
Raffaud, Fanny. "L'urbain, l'environnement et le développement durable en France : essai d'analyse, Revue Urbanisme 1964-2000." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1003.
Full textThe sustainable development themes are crossed with urbanism interrogations and concerns. In one hand, this is an attempt to describe the evolution of ideas related to urbanism from the 20th century and their relationship with an environmental approach and in the other hand, this aims to lead to a reflection about the urbanism works and their systems of formations. With this intention, the principal source of investigation selected is articles from the "Urbanisme" magazine listed over the 1964/2000 era. It is question to identify elements being able to refer itself to durability and to repair the interrogations relating to the definition of trade
Pham, Do Dieu Thu. "Managing green recruitment to attract pro-environmental job seekers : the combined effect of green organizational process and green organizational distinctiveness of «Handicap» principle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68754.
Full textThe pursuit for environmental sustainability of business firms and the active participation of not-for-rofit organisations worldwide in proactive deal with environmental problems in recent decade have contributed a great effort to the environmental movement. One reason is related to the environmental degeneration in some regions and the increase in individual environmental footprint that urges the societal change in socio- cological responsibility. The other reason is the recognition of green rewards that environmental performance brings to a firm, including both intrinsic outcomes and extrinsic outcomes ensuring sustainable development goals. This thesis envisions an eco-living future of clean, safe, and healthy toward which the participating organisations' environmental orientations need to comply to corporate ethics of green mission in terms of reducing social inequality and preventing environmental crisis. This requires the appropriate enablement of corporate environmental performance of no below standard and no extremism from both green and nongreen actors. In corporate green mission, employees are accountable for their participation in environmental practices. Their pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviours determine their corporate environmental performance, which is conceptualized to encompass environmental management and environmental operation practices. To both the pioneers and the newcomers in this green field, forging a pro-environmental workforce of talented managers and fully skilled workers is vital to the organisational survival and success provided they have ecological value congruence and are willing to engage in focus environmental orientation, meaning organisational pro-environmental behaviours. Therefore, attracting the fit pro-environmental individuals should be executed in a consistent manner to recruit and maintain their environmental performance as well as to remove their intention to leave early. Since green recruitment and selection is the foremost in the green organisational life cycle to guarantee pro-environmental workforce in quality, green candidate attraction is worth doing in a proactive manner in order to recruit, attract, identify and select the right type of pro-environmental talents. However, in the context of blooming Marketing and greenwashing or in case where there is dishonesty on environmental characteristics of both recruiters and applicants, how the organisational attraction should be conducted in a pro-environmental and corporate ethic manner to generate early the job seekers' positive perceptions of organisational attractiveness for environment in the one part and detect the fit ones in the other? Likewise, due to recent decades' rapid changing life of manipulation and deception, particularly in an « arms race », what key signalling factor is to make the pro-environmental talents and potentials recognise a true pro-environmentalemployer who is compatible with them? Which pro-environmental signal is hard-to-fake? From the tenet of signalling theory and from a knowledge-based view, this thesis responds to these emerging issues by researching into the insight of management of green organisational capacity and green recruitment to attract existing and future employees, which are happening now. The overall findings indicate a stabilized environmental movement which is comprised of green organisational processes in conformity with optimal heterogeneity of green organizational distinctiveness representing the organizational ecological value to sustain an organisational hard-to-fake character. A model of « Handicap » principle conveying the ethics of pro-environmental attraction and practical implications for defining, recruiting, detecting and selecting the right type of pro-environmental talents with a focus environmental orientation of the employing organisation are recommended.
Koné, Moussa. "La vente d'immeuble et la protection de l'environnement." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0208.
Full textAccording to the article 2 of the Charter of the environment : “Every person has duty to take part in preservation and in improvment of the environment”. The article L. 200-2 of Code Rural specifies : “laws and regulations organize the right to each to a healthy environment and contribute to assure a harmonious equilibrium between the urban zones and country zones. It is the duty of each to look after maintenance and to contribute of the protection of environment. The private and public persons must do in all activities, to conform to the same requirements”. As a result, the public persons and private persons have to participate to safeguard nature. In addition, the persons implicated in the act of cession of real estates would not know how to infringe. So how this defence of the environment is done? In the first approach, real estates are sold to the purchasers having protection of environment as mission. Nevertheless, these protectors of environment are not the only possible purchasers for sale real estates. To allow acquiring such things, these last have to benefit privilege constraining the sellers to give to them up such property. This privilege is known under the name of right of pre-emption. Once acquired, these properties must be preserved to assure the maintenance of nature. In the second approach, the real states are bought by persons no eager to protect environment even if they are guest to do it by the law. How to assure the maintenance of nature? It results simply from the defense of the purchasers of real estates. In spite of the insufficiency of the protection environment during the sale of real estates, this operation remains an essential link in the defense of nature. Every year, thousands of properties are sold. These thousands persons implicated in such settlements remains major actors in the protection of environment
Denis, Corinne. "La procymidone : évolution dans le vin et l'environnement, méthodes de dosage, toxicité." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P101.
Full textChalmeton, Hélène. "Préservation de l'environnement et travaux publics : difficultés pratiques et solutions juridiques." Nantes, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01516923.
Full textThe state, guarantor of the general interest, has the duty to improve the quality of life of its citizens. By means of public works, new facilities can be built and entire districts can be connected to networks. Because of this, public works are protected by a specific set of laws. Although this protection is necessary, it has undesirable side effects : in fact, its execution is detrimental to environmental protection. Public authorities recently became aware of the lack of regulation in the sector of public works and have slowly taken steps to integrate the environmental concern into the law and the practice. But this integration remains incomplete to this day. The law has to be renewed to allow a more complete protection of the environment: at first, by re-evaluating the environmental laws in light of their insufficient application; then, by allowing the stakeholders of the public works to take initiatives that preserve the environment; by inciting them to protect the environment by updated economic mechanisms; finally, as a last resort, by punishing non-compliance with the law more severely. Indeed, only a rational and organized use of the various tools offered by the law will allow reconciling environmental protection with public works
Loulidi, Souad. "Les barrages et l'environnement au Maroc : aspects juridiques." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020130.
Full textDams in Morocco are a privileged means for water management. They are also an instrument of development securing several benefits through the domestication and the management of a valuable resource. However, their impact on the environment cannot be neglected. Despite a recent preoccupation, its importance is nevertheless a major one because it conditions the accomplishment of the objectives and even the benefit of these works. In which judicial and institutional frames has the building of dams been undertaken? What are the judicial aspects and their repercussions on the environment, and what could be the role of the law in preventing this impact and controlling a posteriori the damages they cause? These are the questions to which the present study intends to provide an answer. The first part analyses the normative plurality, which characterises water law and retraces its evolution, which has been preliminary to the building of dams (chapter1). It also presents the role of the competent administrations in matters of construction and their action in the exploitation of these works (chapter 2). The second part examines the repercussions of dams on the environment and their judicial consideration. It highlights, on the one hand, the disturbances, which these works might cause in the sites to which they are attached (chapter 1). On the other hand, it describes the gaps in the Moroccan environmental law as far as prevention and reparation are concerned, indicating the perspectives for the expansion of this law (chapter 2)
Marcel, Julie. "De l'interprétation directionnelle de l'anxiété à la prise en compte de l'environnement dans l'évaluation cognitive en situation de stress : l'illustration en sports individuels d'opposition." Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIML008.
Full textThe state of anxiety is one of the emotions the most frequently experienced by athletes in competitive contexts. As an existential emotion, it is expenenced in anticipation of a situation appraised as potentially threatening (Lazarus, 1999,2000). The consideration of a wide range of dispositional variables enabled to partially explain the elements that trigger the anxious feeling (Mellalieu, Hanton & Fletcher, 2006). On the other hand, the particular relationship between the person and the environment remains little studied. However, the transactional approach of the stress process (Lazarus & Folkrnan, 1984), widely evoked in psychology (Rolland, 1999), emphasises the necessary consideration of the configuration (Fletcher & Hanton, 2003) and the perception of the environment (Rosnet, 1999,2002) to understand the athletes' experience in stressfid situations. In the light of these references, and notably in the light of the mediating process of cognitive appraisal, the objective of this thesis was to analyse and mode1 the reciprocal relationships between the emotional experience and the competitive environment in which athletes taking part in individual head to head sports operate. Three quantitative studies have demonstrated the relevance of this questioning. In addition, they have reinforced the necessity to consider the transaction between the person and their environment in the situation of a sporting event and highlighted the fundamental function of the perceptions in context and of the cognitive appraisal in the comprehension of the anxious emotional process
Ngueta, Jumeni Gérard. "Impact des concentrations de plomb dans l'eau de robinet sur la plombémie des enfants âgés de 1 à 5 ans, et estimation du rôle modifiant des facteurs nutritionnels, et sociodémographiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26256.
Full textObjectives: This study aimed to estimate the influence of seasonality on water lead levels (WLL) and blood lead concentrations (PbS) in children aged 1 to 5 years (1), to assess the relationship between cumulative water lead exposure and PbS (2) and to assess whether children’s age, gender, and race, iron and calcium intake modify the association between cumulative exposure to water lead and PbS (3). Methods: A systematic review of prospective studies was made in order to estimate the magnitude of the seasonal changes in PbS. A cross-sectional study including a follow-up component was conducted in the Montreal area. Sociodemographic data and eating habits were collected using a questionnaire. We used linear models to determine the magnitude of seasonal changes in water lead concentrations, to estimate the association between cumulative water lead exposure and children’s PbS, and to evaluate the modifying effect of sociodemographic and nutritional factors. The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model (IEUBK) was used to assess the impact of seasonal changes in WLL on PBS. Results: From the systematic literature review, the increase in children’s PbS during the warmer months tends to be inversely associated with PbS during the cold months. In the Montreal area (Canada), WLLs showed marked seasonal variations. We observed a colder-to-warmer increase of about 6 µg/L and 10 µg/L in flushed water and after a stagnation of 30 minutes, respectively. The proportion of children exceeding the PbS of 5 µg/dL due to this increase is at least of 12%. Furthermore, after 150 days of exposure at 0.20 µg of Pb/L and above, the PbS is expected to increase by at least 19%. Separate analyses showed a positive synergism between water lead exposure and three factors (being aged below 3 years, being a boys and having inadequate daily intake of iron). Conclusion: The association between WLL and PbS is positive and statistically significant. During warmer months, flushing the water for at least 5 minutes before consumption would reduce the proportion of children with PbS ≥ 5 µg/dL by about 40%. The joint effect of WLL and inadequate iron intake (same for being a boy and being aged below 3 years) is stronger than what would be expected in case of additivity.
Guillard, David. "Les armes de guerre et l'environnement naturel : essai d'étude juridique." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUED001.
Full textDepleted uranium shells, mines, cluster bombs, biological weapons, chemical weapons, nuclear weapons is the incomplete list of weapons that can damage environment. Against this threat, the international law seemed to be late on the technology invention. The ecological damages during the gulf war engendered a juridical evolution : a customary law prohibit large, long lasting and grave ecological offence. The statute of Rome is the consecration of this customary law. War weapons pollute also during their tests or destructions. In this case, arms control and environment international law are both applicable. When environment is polluted, responsability varies according to the author of the pollution and the area polluted. The end of International Law Commission works relating to the States responsibility for unlawful action shows the existence of an "actio popularis" doing environment a humanity good. Nevertheless, the effective achievment is very difficult because of the states sovereignty
Zhang, Chunyan. "Le Fengshui contemporain : éthique de l'environnement et enseignement d'architecture du paysage." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0133.
Full textFengshui touches on bath the natural and social environments. According to Augustin Berque:"Fengshui inscribes a morality in the landscape, and more particularly the one linked ta ancestor worship". For the Chinese, it represents a genuine ethics of the environrnent. Pedagogical approaches differ greatly from one country to another and from one school ta another. In China, Wang Sbu overturned traditional architecture teaching at the Fine Arts Acaderny of Hangzbou by giving priority to the environmental approach over the architectural one. Starting in the 1960s and 1970s, in France, Bernard Lassus similarly proposed "inventive analysis" as a way of working ail the site using a sensibility-based approach. In spite of this, many c6nternporary designers who have trained at architecture schools forget to take into consideration the poetics of our oikos our cultural landscape and to preserve it. Research into fengshui as an ethics of the environment is inscribed in this framework and is linked to the teaching given 10 architects and landscape architects
Alves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .