Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrogene isotope

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrogene isotope'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

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Li, Xiangnan, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Kun Wang, Wuxia Bi, Zhilei Yu, and Batsuren Dorjsuren. "Anthropogenic Effects on Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of River Water in Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224429.

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Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are important indicators for studying water cycles. The isotopes are not only affected by climate, but are also disturbed by human activities. Urban construction has changed the natural attributes and underlying surface characteristics of river basins, thus affecting the isotopic composition of river water. We collected urban river water isotope data from the Global Network for Isotopes in Rivers (GNIR) database and the literature, and collected river water samples from the Naqu basin and Huangshui River basin on the Tibetan Plateau to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Based on 13 pairs of urban area and non-urban area water samples from these data, the relationship between the isotopic values of river water and the artificial surface area of cities around rivers was analyzed. The results have shown that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope (δD and δ18O) values of river water in urban areas were significantly higher than those in non-urban areas. The isotopic variability of urban and non-urban water was positively correlated with the artificial surface area around the rivers. In addition, based on the analysis of isotope data from 21 rivers, we found that the cumulative effects of cities on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have led to differences in surface water line equations for cities with different levels of development. The combined effects of climate and human factors were the important reasons for the variation of isotope characteristics in river water in cities. Stable isotopes can not only be used to study the effects of climate on water cycles, but also serve as an important indicator for studying the degree of river development and utilization.
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Miljević, Nada, and Dušan Golobočanin. "Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration Studies." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10004-007-0015-5.

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Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration StudiesThis article presents the use of natural abundance stable isotope (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine) analysis data as a tool for providing important information about the origin of contaminants, the contribution of different sources to a multi-source plume, characterisation of their complex transport (rate and mechanisms) and for evaluating the success of contaminated site remediation. Isotopic signatures of contaminants are useful tracers of their sources, while isotopic fractionation can be used to quantitatively assess the progress of an environmental process such as biodegradation. This new isotopic approach is reliable and can offer more information than traditional techniques in pollutant migration studies, particularly after waste disposal. During biological degradation of any organic compound, molecules containing lighter isotopes are degraded, and the portion of heavier isotopes in the substrate is increased, identifying specific microbial roles in biogeochemical cycling. Since isotopic fractionation is proportional to degradation, depending on the type of contamination, a microbial degradation of 50% to 99% of the initial concentration can be quantified using isotope ratio measurements.
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Benbow, Timothy J., Alan R. Hayman, Robert Van Hale, and Russell Frew. "Preparation of aqueous fatty acids for hydrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis by solid phase extraction." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 4 (2013): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12192.

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Stable isotope analyses of fatty acids in environmental waters provides important information as to their source(s). Analysis is often confounded due to low concentrations of fatty acids and/or a complex sample matrix requiring separation of the target analyte. The purpose of this study was to validate a method to extract fatty acids from natural waters using solid phase extraction (SPE) before compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Three SPE cartridges and multiple eluting solvents were tested to determine the efficiency, isotopic fractionation, and reproducibility of each extraction technique. Our results indicated that surface-modified styrene divinylbenzene cartridges, when eluted with methanol, caused negligible fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes and minimal fractionation of the carbon isotopes, but that isotopic fractionation occurred when compounds were only partially eluted from SPE cartridges. Compounds were also extracted from landfill leachate using both SPE and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). The hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of compounds extracted from water using either method were within experimental precision and the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of all but one fatty acid were within experimental precision. Therefore, these experiments prove the aforementioned SPE methods to be a convenient and precise method to extract fatty acids from natural waters before CSIA.
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Pollard, A. M. "Isotopes and impact: a cautionary tale." Antiquity 85, no. 328 (May 2011): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068034.

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There can be no doubt that isotopic studies have made a huge contribution to archaeology in recent years, so much so that isotope archaeology is now seen as an essential subdiscipline of archaeology in much the same way as isotope geochemistry is a key subdiscipline of geochemistry. Ignoring for current purposes the contribution made by the measurement of a particular radioactive isotope of carbon (14C) since 1950, we can date the beginnings of isotope archaeology to the mid 1960s with the first measurements of lead isotopes in archaeological metals and slags by Brill and Wampler (1965, 1967). This was followed by carbon stable isotopes in human bone collagen in the late 1970s, building on previous work measuring σ13C in archaeological bone for radiocarbon determinations (Vogel & Van der Merwe 1977; Van der Merwe & Vogel 1978). Other isotopes followed rapidly, such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen for archaeological, palaeoecological or palaeoclimatological purposes and, more recently, the heavier radiogenic isotopes of strontium and neodymium for determining the provenance of organic and inorganic materials (Pollard & Heron 2008).
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Kakareka, S. V., T. I. Kukharchyk, A. A. Ekaykin, and Yu G. Giginyak. "Stable isotopes in the snow of the coastal areas of Antarctica." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 65, no. 4 (September 2, 2021): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2021-65-4-495-502.

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The first results of study of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) in the snow samples taken on the islands of Marguerite Bay (Antarctic Peninsula), in the Vecherny Oasis (Enderby Land), and Larsemann Hills (Princess Elizabeth Land) by the participants of the 12th Belarusian Antarctic Expedition (January–March 2020) are presented. The concentration of water isotopes: deuterium (D) and oxygen-18 (18O) in the samples was determined using a laser isotope composition analyzer Picarro L2130. A total of 32 snow samples were analyzed. The statistical parameters of the isotopic composition of snow were estimated, and the main differences in the content of δ18O and δD between the study areas were shown. A decrease in the content of heavy oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the newly fallen snow to the old snow of the surface horizons is shown. The maximum values of δ18O and δD are typical for the Maritime Antarctica, decreasing towards the coastal zone and further – towards its continental part. The possible factors affecting the isotope content are described. It is shown that the monitoring of the isotope composition can be an integral part of the monitoring of climatic changes within the area of operation of the Belarusian Antarctic Expedition. The study of the isotopic composition of surface snow is important for the reconstruction of the paleoclimate of the marginal zone of the Antarctic ice sheet based on the ice cores study.
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Hu, Yue, Guo-dong Liu, and Cheng-cheng Xia. "Multi-time scale analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics and influence factors in precipitation in Vienna." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824602011.

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Based on isotope and meteorology data at Vienna station from 1972 to 2014 provided by GNIP, the average monthly and annual hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions and main factors were analyzed by using various trend analysis, periodic analysis and correlation analysis methods. The monthly mean isotopic compositions change slightly, reflecting the fact that although Vienna is affected by the maritime climate and the continental climate, the former impact is more significant. The slope and intercept of the LMWL in Vienna changed significantly from October to March, indicating that it was affected by alternating effects of the two climates. The annual mean isotopes show a trend of enrichment, and it has an obvious temperature effect, but the rainfall amount effect does not exist, and no simple linear relationship was found between isotopes and vapor pressure. The annual mean isotopes also show the periodic variation characteristics with scales such as 9-16 years and 18~29 years, and it is concluded that the isotope values will be enriched after 2011 at the scale 22 years. The multivariate regression relationship established by δD and δ18O with three climate parameters of temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure can quantitatively estimate the missing value in isotopic data.
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Esteban, G. A., A. Perujo, and F. Legarda. "Study of the Isotope Effects in the Hydrogen Transport in Polycrystalline Tungsten." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.537.

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A time-dependent gas-phase isovolumetric desorption technique has been used to evaluate the diffusive transport parameters of hydrogen isotopes in polycrystalline tungsten in the temperatures range 673 to 1073 K and driving pressures from 1.3 104 to 105 Pa. Experiments have been run with both protium and deuterium obtaining their respective transport parameters diffusivity (D), Sieverts’ constant (Ks), the trap site density (Nt) and the trapping activation energy (Et). Isotope effects on these transport parameters are analysed and modelled. Because the classical isotope relation for diffusivity has not been fulfilled, quantum-statistical vibration theory has been applied to model the isotopic relation. A congruent isotopic variation of diffusion parameters related to the type of microstructure, bcc, has been confirmed.
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Reyes-García, Casandra, and José Luis Andrade. "Los isótopos estables del hidrógeno y el oxígeno en los estudios ecofisiológicos de plantas." Botanical Sciences, no. 80 (June 3, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1742.

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Stable isotope studies of elements in biological organisms have become a useful tool to assess the exchange of molecules in the biosphere. Since water is one of the most abundant molecules in such an exchange, studies on stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen have become a fundamental component of many plant ecophysiological studies, from the leaf level to the reconstruction of past climates. In this review, we mention the most common methodologies, general notation and the most relevant research on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes. Also, we discuss studies on plant water sources, leaf isotopic enrichment due to transpiration, the relationship between environment and oxygen stable isotopes in organic matter, and present studies that propose some plant species as environmental indicators in a globally changing world.
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Abiye, Tamiru A., Molla B. Demlie, and Haile Mengistu. "An Overview of Aquifer Physiognomies and the δ18O and δ2H Distribution in the South African Groundwaters." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020068.

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A comprehensive assessment of the stable isotope distribution in the groundwater systems of South Africa was conducted in relation to the diversity in the aquifer lithology and corresponding hydraulic characteristics. The stable isotopes of oxygen (18O) and hydrogen (2H) in groundwater show distinct spatial variation owing to the recharge source and possibly mixing effect in the aquifers with the existing water, where aquifers are characterized by diverse hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity values. When the shallow aquifer that receives direct recharge from rainfall shows a similar isotopic signature, it implies less mixing effect, while in the case of deep groundwater interaction between recharging water and the resident water intensifies, which could change the isotope signature. As aquifer depth increases the effect of mixing tends to be minimal. In most cases, the isotopic composition of recharging water shows depletion in the interior areas and western arid zones which is attributed to the depleted isotopic composition of the moisture source. The variations in the stable isotope composition of groundwater in the region are primarily controlled by the isotope composition of the rainfall, which shows variable isotope composition as it was observed from the local meteoric water lines, in addition to the evaporation, recharge and mixing effects.
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Hamzić Gregorčič, Staša, Doris Potočnik, Federica Camin, and Nives Ogrinc. "Milk Authentication: Stable Isotope Composition of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Milks and Their Constituents." Molecules 25, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25174000.

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This paper summarises the isotopic characteristics, i.e., oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, of Slovenian milk and its major constituents: water, casein, and lactose. In parallel, the stable oxygen isotope ratios of cow, sheep, and goat’s milk were compared. Oxygen stable isotope ratios in milk water show seasonal variability and are also 18O enriched in relation to animal drinking water. The δ18Owater values were higher in sheep and goat’s milk when compared to cow milk, reflecting the isotopic composition of drinking water source and the effect of differences in the animal’s thermoregulatory physiologies. The relationship between δ18Omilk and δ18Olactose is an indication that even at lower amounts (>7%) of added water to milk can be determined. This procedure once validated on an international scale could become a reference method for the determination of milk adulteration with water.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

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Hub, Serge. "Mecanismes d'hydrogenation des butene-1 et butyne-1 sur catalyseurs au palladium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13325.

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SEGUINEAU, PASCALE. "Les reactions de wittig et wittig-horner en milieu protique peu basique." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2014.

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La reaction de wittig-horner realisee dans des conditions douces (milieu aqueux peu basique) a l'aide de composes dicarbonyles permet d'acceder par bisaldolisation a des cyclenols alpha -fonctionnalises. Grace a cette technique douce, la reaction de wittig-horner est chimioselective et ne s'effectue que sur les sites carbonyles tres actifs (aldehydes)
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Zhang, Naiyuan. "Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1532013686771173.

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Cummins, Veronica Clare. "New and improved hydrogen isotope exchange reactions." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843371/.

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Compounds labelled with deuterium and tritium are widely used in the life sciences. Consequently there is always a need for improved methods - better incorporation, higher specificity, reduced reaction time etc. and in the case of tritium, less radioactive waste. This thesis is concerned with such aspects. Chapter 1 is a review of the background to tritium and current methods of labelling and analysis of hydrogen isotopes. In chapter 2 the possible use of an organometallic compound - the ruthenium dihydro complex, RuH2CO(PPh3)3, which is known to catalyse the insertion of olefins into the ortho position of aromatic ketones, is explored. Solid deuterated formates e.g. 2-naphthy methyl-d-formate and d-formanilide were prepared and these were used to make the deuterated complex, RuD2CO(PPh3)3 which was used to exchange deuterium into the ortho position of aromatic ketones. Aromatic compounds with other functionalities, however were not so amenable to labelling, aromatic amides were the only other compounds successfully labelled. The method is therefore more restrictive than was hoped. A method to prepare tritiated formates by ozonolysis of 2-[T]-5-phenyloxazole to a mixed anhydride followed by nucleophillic attack was discovered. [T]-formanilide was prepared in this way but only at low levels of radioactivity (0.1 Ci/mmol, 3.67 GBq/mmol) which prevented the tritiated complex being prepared. In chapter 3 the use of zeolites as strong acid catalysts for hydrogen isotope exchange reactions was explored. Isotope exchange was carried out on simple organic molecules using hydrogen, platinum and palladium exchanged zeolite-Y with D2O and HTO as isotope source. Some studies were also carried out using solid deuterium sources with the metal exchanged zeolites. Exchange occurred using 2-naphthgyl methyl-d-formate, tetrabutyl ammonium-d-formate and potassium-d-formate. In addition, microwave activation was used in order to reduce reaction times and improve isotopic incorporation.
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Owens, Philippa Kate. "Iridium complexes as highly active catalysts for hydrogen isotope exchange and hydrogen borrowing processes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30297.

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Over the last several decades, the organic chemistry community has become increasingly reliant upon iridium catalysis, with applications reported across a number of research areas. In recent years, the Kerr group has developed a series of iridium complexes, which were found to be excellent catalysts for hydrogen isotope exchange and olefin hydrogenation processes. The work described within this thesis centres upon the expansion of these catalysts’ reactivity in hydrogen isotope exchange, as well as the synthesis and application of a series of novel iridium complexes, designed for use in hydrogen borrowing catalysis. Chapter one focuses on the development of three efficient and selective methods for hydrogen isotope exchange. Iridium(I) catalysts previously developed within the group have been employed in the successful deuteration of N-heterocycles, which represent an important and relatively underexplored class of labelling substrates. The labelling of a large range of indole, pyrrole, and quinoline derivatives is reported, in which the regioselectivity can be controlled through careful choice of N-protecting group. Extensive practical and computational mechanistic investigations offered insight into the mechanism of indole C3 labelling, which is believed to proceed via an iridium–indoline intermediate. In chapter two, the design and synthesis of a series of novel unsymmetrical NHC ligands, functionalised with electron donating substituents, is described. The corresponding neutral iridium NHC/halide complexes were prepared, and the steric and electronic properties of the ligands were investigated using a number of techniques. These novel complexes were then tested in the catalysis of hydrogen borrowing processes. Extensive optimisation led to the development of an efficient method for the room-temperature N-alkylation of anilines. This methodology was also expanded to include the synthesis of N-heterocycles viaintramolecular C–N bond formation, albeit using more forcing conditions. Lastly, a small series of chiral NHC ligands was designed, and their corresponding iridium complexes prepared and used in a preliminary screening of asymmetric hydrogen borrowing.
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Lavigne, André. "Oxydations cupro-catalysees des amines aliphatiques : etudes mecanistiques et applications synthetiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066470.

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Preparation de nitriles a partir d'amines primaires et d'alpha -aminoacides. Les acides amines monosubstutitues rch(nh::(2))co::(2)h donnent le nitrile rcn, alors que les acides amines disubstitues rr'c(nh::(2))co::(2)h conduisent a l'azine rr'c=n-n=cr'r. Les mecanismes proposes font intervenir le cuivre (iii), forme in situ a partir du cuivre (i) et de l'oxygene
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Nivesse, Anne-Laure. "Spéciation du tritium organiquement lié dans les matrices environnementales." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0216.

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Le tritium est l’isotope radioactif de l’hydrogène et peut ainsi intégrer les molécules organiques d’un organisme vivant en suivant le cycle de l’eau et former la fraction tritium organiquement lié (TOL). L’existence de deux formes de TOL est communément admise : une fraction dite « échangeable » (TOL-E) et une fraction dite « non-échangeable » (TOL-NE). Cependant, un consensus scientifique fait à ce jour défaut pour décrire la répartition exacte de ces deux formes dans une molécule organique, ce qui engendre des controverses et un manque de clarté sur le comportement du tritium dans l’environnement. Cette étude consiste alors dans un premier temps à établir et comprendre l’implication de structures moléculaires spécifiques des biomolécules usuelles de la biomasse végétale sur la spéciation du TOL dans les matrices environnementales. Une vue d’ensemble est obtenue sur les capacités d’échange de l’atome d’hydrogène retrouvées dans un large panel de matrices environnementales et leur constituant majoritaire. Un intérêt majeur est accordé à la molécule de cellulose avec sa structure semi-cristalline et les capacités de stockage du tritium dans les sols sont explorées à travers une étude des capacités d’échange et de déprotonation des atomes d’hydrogène dans la matière riche en substances humiques. Dans un second temps, une étude comparative est proposée entre deux méthodes d’échange isotopique pour l’analyse de la forme TOL-NE et leur fiabilité est évaluée dans le cadre de la surveillance environnementale, mais également pour l’appréhension de la distribution du TOL dans les matrices environnementales
Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen and can thus integrate the organic molecules of a living organism following the water cycle and form the organically bound tritium fraction (OBT). The existence of two forms of OBT is commonly accepted: an exchangeable fraction (E-OBT) and a non-exchangeable fraction (NE-OBT). However, a scientific consensus to date is lacking to describe the exact distribution of these two forms in an organic molecule, which generates controversies and a lack of clarity on the behavior of tritium in the environment. Therefore, this study consists first of all in establishing and understanding the involvement of specific molecular structures of the usual biomolecules of plant biomass on the speciation of OBT in environmental matrices. An overview is obtained on the exchange capacities of the hydrogen atom found in a large panel of environmental matrices and their major constituent. A major interest is focused on the cellulose molecule with its semi-crystalline structure and the storage capacities of tritium in soils are explored through a study of the exchange and deprotonation capacities of hydrogen atoms in matter rich in humic substances. Secondly, a comparative study is proposed between two isotopic exchange methods for the analysis of the NE-OBT fraction and their reliability is evaluated within the environmental monitoring scope, but also for the apprehension of the distribution of OBT in environmental matrices
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Reynard, Linda Marie. "The application of stable hydrogen isotope analysis to the study of ancient diet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670134.

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Owens, Simon. "Kinetics and mechanisms of hydrogen isotope exchange over solid storage media." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687343.

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Hydrogen isotope separation systems using palladium (Pd) are currently being designed for both reactor designs with the aim of separating and purifying the reactor exhaust products which contain valuable unspent hydrogen isotopes. Hydrogen isotope exchange in Pd offers an efficient, ambient condition process that can produce pure isotopic species in a process far simpler and less costly than the current state of the art cryogenic distillation processes. The method is applicable whether separating hydrogen (protium), deuterium or tritium and any combination of these. If practical fusion devices are ever to be realised it is essential to produce an economical and efficient fuel cycle capable of separating and purifying hydrogen isotopes. Hydrogen isotope exchange in Pd is also of interest to the waste separation and purification industries, in particular those using hydrogen separation membranes which used Pd and Pd-alloy membranes. Understanding hydrogen isotope exchange, with particular regard to the formation of the intermediate (and often unwanted) hydrogen deuteride (HD), will aid significantly in future designs of hydrogen isotope separation systems. Novel hydrogen isotope exchange experiments involving hydrogen and deuterium at a number of temperatures (208 K, 293 K and 373 K) and pressures (1.3 bar – 8 bar) not yet explored are presented in this thesis. The experiments were carried out on a unique piece of laboratory apparatus provided to and further developed at the University of Bath. Alongside experimentation, a novel comprehensive multidimensional multi-physics model has been created to analyse the experimental data obtained using the new apparatus and elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions occurring between hydrogen isotopic species and Pd during hydrogen isotope exchange based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface reaction mechanism. The surface reaction rates, kinetic rate constants and heat effects have been examined in detail, and in tandem, for the first time.
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Valero, Mégane. "Iridium-Catalyzed CH-Functionalization : Development and Applications of Innovative Strategies for Hydrogen Isotope Exchange on Small Molecules and Biotherapeutic Drugs for Drug Discovery." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS009.

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Le développement de nouvelles méthodes, efficaces, rapides et facile à mettre en œuvre pour le marquage avec du deutérium ou du tritium de composés organiques tels que des médicaments est indispensable dans le secteur industriel comme académique. Ces composés isotopiquement marqués sont essentiels lors des études précliniques. En effet, ces méthodes de marquages permettent d’obtenir plus rapidement les données nécessaires concernant la métabolisation et le profil de sécurité d’un candidat médicament, ce qui permet de réduire le temps investit dans cette recherche. Les méthodes classiques de marquages sont basées sur la synthèse d’un précurseur qui est ensuite marqué isotopiquement puis modifié jusqu’à l’obtention de la structure finale du candidat médicament. Ces anciennes méthodes, coûteuses en temps et en argent et génératrices d’effluents radioactifs, peuvent être évitées par fonctionnalisation sur la structure finale du composé d’intérêt, en particulier par échange d’isotopes d’hydrogène. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, nous avons développé la première méthode de marquage catalytique à l’iridium dans des conditions douces (température ambiante) sur les motifs dérivés d’acides phenylacetiques tels que esters et amides, motifs très présents dans les structures pharmacologiques. Cette méthode permet d’introduire du deutérium ou du tritium en position ortho du groupement directeur de façon sélective. Lors d’un autre projet, nous avons mis en évidence que la position de marquage au sein d’une molécule avec plusieurs groupements directeurs peut être modulée en fonction du catalyseur d’iridium utilisé ainsi que de la température réactionnelle (de -60°C à +130°C). L’utilisation de calculs de DFT nous a permis de postuler un ordre classifiant différents groupements directeurs par rapport à leur réactivité vis-à-vis de la réaction d’échange d’isotopes d’hydrogène en situation de compétition (deux substrats et un catalyseur d’iridium). Ces données théoriques ont été confirmées par les données expérimentales. Lors d’un autre projet, le marquage sélectif au tritium d’une structure complexe tel qu’un médicament cytotoxique (maytansine DM4) a débouché sur le marquage de différentes chaînes latérales employées dans des méthodes de conjugaison d’anticorps. Ces données ont permis d’étendre cette méthodologie au marquage au deutérium d’acides aminés et de di-tri et tétra-peptide, sélectivement sur le carbone alpha d’un résidu glycine. Finalement, en collaboration avec le CEA-Saclay et le CNRS, nous avons développé les premières nanoparticules d’iridium stable à l’air et actives vis-à-vis de l’échange d’isotopes d’hydrogène sur des anilines. L’ensemble des travaux réalisés pendant cette thèse a permis le marquage au tritium de composés médicamenteux tels que le DM4, le Benalaxyl, ou encore le pharmacophore du Volixibat
The development of new efficient, fast and easy-to-handle methods to label drug compounds with deuterium or tritium in one single step is of great importance in academia and industry. These labelled compounds are for example an essential part in drug discovery and help to speed up the generation of the safety profile of a drug candidate. Classical isotope labeling mainly relies on the transformation of precursors which require multistep synthesis, a drawback which may be overcome by late-stage functionalization. We reported the first efficient catalytic protocol for ortho-selective iridium(I)-catalysed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange (HIE) reactions of pharmacologically important phenylacetic acid esters and amides with D2 or T2 under very mild reaction conditions (room temperature). We have demonstrated that by applying the optimized combination of different iridium catalysts and reaction temperatures (-60 to 130°C), different HIE reaction outcomes in selectivity and reactivity can be achieved. Together with DFT calculations, we have postulated a guideline for directing group strength of several functional groups, to predict the outcome of HIE reactions in the competition situation of complex molecules. Starting from a complex tritium labelling of the maytansine DM4 drug, the HIE reaction on a series of common linker side chains of antibody-drug-conjugates proceeded with high chemical yields, high regioselectivity and with deuterium incorporations up to 99%. The scope of the method was further extended to amino acids, di- and tripeptides, with deuterium incorporation up 95%D in the glycine moiety. Finally, in collaboration with CEA-Saclay and CNRS, air-stable and easy-to-handle iridium NHC-ligated nanoparticles were developed for the first time and used in HIE reactions of complex anilines. The usefulness of the methods developed all along the PhD was demonstrated by tritiation of DM4, Camylofine, Benalaxyl and the Volixibat pharmacophore
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Books on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

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Introduction to isotope hydrology: Stable and radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. London: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Tian ran qi tan qing tong wei su fen liu dong li xue ji qi ying yong. Beijing: Shi you gong ye chu ban she, 2010.

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Japan-CIS Workshop on Interactions of Fuel Particles with Fusion Materials (1st 1992 University of Tokyo). Proceedings of Japan-CIS Workshop on Interactions of Fuel Particles with Fusion Materials (IFPFM), at University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, on December 1-4, 1992. Edited by Yamawaki M, Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai, and Tōkyō Daigaku. Genshiryoku Kōgaku Kenkyū Shisetsu. Tokyo, Japan: The Laboratory, 1993.

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Ferronskiĭ, V. I. Izotopii︠a︡ gidrosfery zemli. Moskva: Nauch. mir, 2009.

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Singh, Vicram Prakash. Separation of hydrogen isotopes by a flowing bed process. Mississauga, Ont: Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology project, 1987.

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Riehm, M. P. Hydrogen-solid interactions and tritium permeation barriers. Mississauga, Ont: Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Projet, 1986.

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Kyōto Daigaku. Genshiro Jikkenjo. Senmon Kenkyūkai. Suiso dōitai no kankyō ikō kikō: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkejo Senmon Kenkyūkai hōkoku (Heisei 11-nen) : kaisaibi 1999-nen 12-gatsu 8-nichi--9-nichi. Ōsaka-fu Sennan-gun Kumatori-chō: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkejo, 2000.

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Kenkyūkai, Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo Senmon. Suiso dōitai no kankyō ikō dōtai: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkejo Senmon Kenkyūkai hōkoku (Heisei 12-nen) : kaisaibi 2000-nen 5-gatsu 8-nichi--9-nichi. Ōsaka-fu Sennan-gun Kumatori-chō: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo, 2001.

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Gervasini, Gabriele. Hydrogen isotopes transport in first wall fusion reactor materials. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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1958-, Magomedbekov E. P., and Sicking G. H, eds. Interaction of hydrogen isotopes with transition metals and intermetallic compounds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

1

Pinti, Daniele L. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1150. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_753.

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Schimmelmann, Arndt, and Peter E. Sauer. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 696–701. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_326.

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Schimmelmann, Arndt, and Peter E. Sauer. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_326-1.

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Kumar, Bhishm. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 533. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_247.

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Pinti, Daniele L. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_753-4.

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Pinti, Daniele. "Hydrogen Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 784. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_753.

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Hayes, John M. "3. Fractionation of Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes in Biosynthetic Processes." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 225–78. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-006.

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Alley, Richard B., and Kurt M. Cuffey. "9. Oxygen- and Hydrogen-Isotopic Ratios of Water in Precipitation: Beyond Paleothermometry." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 527–54. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-012.

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Akitt, J. W. "Hydrogen and Its Isotopes." In Multinuclear NMR, 171–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1783-8_6.

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Chacko, Thomas, David R. Cole, and Juske Horita. "1. Equilibrium Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation Factors Applicable to Geologic Systems." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 1–82. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

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Shadday, Martin A., and Leung Kit Heung. "A Transient Model of Induced Natural Circulation Thermal Cycling for Hydrogen Isotope Separation." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81074.

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The property of selective temperature dependence of adsorption and desorption of hydrogen isotopes by palladium is used for isotope separation. A proposal to use natural circulation of nitrogen to alternately heat and cool a packed bed of palladium coated beads is under active investigation, and a device consisting of two interlocking natural convection loops is being designed. A transient numerical model of the device has been developed to aid the design process. It is a one-dimensional finite-difference model, using the Boussinesq approximation. The thermal inertia of the pipe walls and other heat structures as well as the heater control logic is included in the model. Two system configurations were modelled and results are compared.
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Qin, Zhou, Li Jiwei, Dang Yu, and Ding Yang. "Research on Nickel-Plated Hydrogen-Absorption Device in Fuel Rod and Performance Testing." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67112.

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The hydrogen may be introduced into the fuel rod during the process of production and manufacture. During the operation in reactor, the irradiated fuel pellets also produce radioactive isotopes of hydrogen and tritium. Under the operating condition in pile, the hydrogen in fuel rod will enter the zirconium alloy cladding tube forming hydride, lead to the hydrogen brittleness of cladding tube, and severe cases can lead to the cladding tube broken. The radioactive tritium inside fuel rod has high activity, and it possibly goes through the cladding tube by diffusion penetration into the reactor coolant. With the reactor in waste water or steam waste emissions to the environment, such as lead to tritium radiation safety problems of environmental pollution. Thus, reduce the hydrogen source and tritium pressure in fuel rod, is the way to reduce the hydrogen absorption effect and the release of tritium to coolant. By conducting the Zr-4 alloy nickel-plated hydrogen-absorption device design research, through nickel plating process on the surface of Zr-4 alloy structure parts, eliminating the influence of the oxide film to maintain its excellent absorbing hydrogen isotope activity. During the design operating temperature conditions of fuel rods, the reaction of zirconium hydride has lower hydrogen balance pressure, while the gas cavity kept low pressure hydrogen isotope, can significantly reduce the hydrogen pickup of fuel rod zirconium alloy cladding tube and reduce the tritium permeation emissions by cladding tube. Through nickel-plated hydrogen-absorption device structure design, manufacture, performance testing, analysis and evaluation, demonstrates that the flat plate and cross nickel-plated hydrogen-absorption device can meet the expected effect.
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Karnesky, Richard A., Paul Chao, and Dean A. Buchenauer. "Hydrogen Isotope Permeation and Trapping in Additively Manufactured Steels." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65857.

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Additively manufactured (AM) austenitic stainless steels are intriguing candidates for the storage of gaseous hydrogen isotopes because complex vessel geometries can be built more easily than by using conventional machining options. Parts built with AM stainless steel tend to have excellent mechanical properties (with tensile strength, ductility, fatigue crack growth, and fracture toughness comparable to or exceeding that of wrought austenitic stainless steel). However, the solidification microstructures produced by AM processing differ substantially from the microstructures of wrought material. Some features may affect permeability, including some amount of porosity and a greater amount of ferrite. Because the diffusivity of hydrogen in ferrite is greater than in austenite (six orders of magnitude at ambient temperature), care must be taken to retain the performance that is taken for granted due to the base alloy chemistry. Furthermore, AM parts tend to have greater dislocation densities and greater amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. These features, along with the austenite/ferrite interfaces, may contribute to greater hydrogen trapping. We report the results of our studies of deuterium transport in various austenitic (304L, 316, and 316L) steels produced by AM. Manufacturing by Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and two different blown powder methods are considered here (Laser Engineered Net Shaping® (LENS®) and a Direct Laser Powder Deposition (DLPD) method with a higher laser power)). The hydrogen permeability (an equilibrium property) changes negligibly (less than a factor of 2), regardless of chemistry and processing method, when tested between 150 and 500 °C. This is despite increases in ferrite content up to FN = 2.7. However, AM materials exhibit greater hydrogen isotope trapping, as measured by permeation transients, thermal desorption spectra, and inert gas fusion measurement. The trapping energies are likely modest (<10 kJ/mol), but may indicate a larger population of trap sites than in conventional 300-series stainless steels.
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Hadjichristos, John, and Peter Gluck. "Heat energy from hydrogen-metal nuclear interactions." In PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2013). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4833686.

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Tasnadi-Asztalos, Zsolt, Ana-Maria Cormos, Árpád Imre-Lucaci, and Călin C. Cormos. "Thermodynamic evaluation of hydrogen production via bioethanol steam reforming." In PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2013). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4833722.

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Corcoran, Megan C., Aaron F. Diefendorf, Thomas V. Lowell, Broxton W. Bird, and Erika J. Freimuth. "HYDROGEN ISOTOPES OF DIATOM-DERIVED C20 HIGHLY BRANCHED ISOPRENOIDS FROM LAKE SEDIMENTS TRACK LAKE WATER HYDROGEN ISOTOPES." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-348192.

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Lazar, Mihaela D., Monica Dan, Maria Mihet, George Borodi, Valer Almasan, and Mihaela D. Lazar. "Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming on Ni/oxide catalysts." In PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681984.

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Du, Yang, Qianqian Wang, Ruizhu Yang, and Xutai Cui. "Quantitative determination of hydrogen isotope in titanium using LIBS." In Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging, edited by Jin Yu, Zhe Wang, Mengxia Xie, Yuegang Fu, and Vincenzo Palleschi. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2547656.

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Botta, Elena. "First observation of the heavy hyper-hydrogen isotope 6LH." In 8th International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.150.0018.

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Stauffer, Eric A., and Elizabeth J. Cassel. "GLASS-WATER HYDROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION IN RECENT VOLCANIC GLASSES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-308686.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrogene isotope"

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Robinson, David, Weifang Luo, and Kenneth D. Stewart. Hydrogen isotope MicroChemLab FY15. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222537.

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Doyle, Barney L., and Stuart B. Van Deusen. A Hydrogen and He Isotope Nanoprobe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395210.

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Doyle, Barney, and Stuart Van Deusen. A Hydrogen and Helium Isotope Nanoprobe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1733285.

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Chastagner, P. Advanced Mass Spectrometers for Hydrogen Isotope Analyses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784249.

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Karnesky, Richard A. ,. Jr, Norman Charles Bartelt, Derek Huang, Nick E. ,. Jr Teslich, and Mukul Kumar. Imaging and quantification of hydrogen isotope trapping. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055931.

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Robinson, David B. Hydrogen isotope exchange in a metal hydride tube. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1376815.

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Robinson, David. Hydrogen Isotope Exchange in a Metal Hydride Tube. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1597569.

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Rutherford, W. M. An efficient palladium isotope chromatograph (EPIC) for hydrogen. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6094592.

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Clausing, R. E., and L. Heatherly. Hydrogen recycle and isotope exchange from dense carbon films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6678097.

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Foreman, L. R., R. S. Barbero, D. W. Carroll, T. Archuleta, J. Baker, D. Devlin, J. Duke, D. Loemier, and M. Trukla. Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials as Hydrogen Isotope Barriers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759179.

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