Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrographic system. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrographic system. eng"
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Urbahs, Aleksandrs, Rima Mickevičienė, Vasilij Djačkov, Kristīne Carjova, Valdas Jankūnas, Mindaugas Zakarauskas, Natalia Panova, and Dita Lasmane. "Analysis of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Monitoring System for Resurveying of Shipping Routes." Transport and Aerospace Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tae-2016-0012.
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Abstract The paper gives brief description of the conventional and innovative hydrography survey methods and constraints connected with the realization. Proposed hydrographic survey system based on the use of Unmanned Aerial and Maritime systems provides functionality to conduct hydrographic measurements and environment monitoring. System can be easily adapted to fulfil marine safety and security operations, e.g. intrusion threat monitoring, hazardous pollutions monitoring and prevention operations, icing conditions monitoring.
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Sartor, J. "Simulating the influence of backwater effects in sewer systems using hydrological model components." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0463.
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A long term simulation for a sewer network by dynamic flow routing models is very time consuming. The alternative hydrological methods (e.g. until hydrographs) have the disadvantage that they are unable to simulate backwater conditions which may significantly effect the flow hydrograph. As one possible solution this payer presents a simulation concept which includes hydrological components to model the effects of backwater or overtopping street level. However, each model component requires a calibration on dynamic routing results because the investigations showed that each sewer system reacts very individually at backwater conditions. This new concept was developed and verified at eight sewer systems.
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Sun, Qiang, Christopher M. Little, Alice M. Barthel, and Laurie Padman. "A clustering-based approach to ocean model–data comparison around Antarctica." Ocean Science 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-131-2021.
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Abstract. The Antarctic Continental Shelf seas (ACSS) are a critical, rapidly changing element of the Earth system. Analyses of global-scale general circulation model (GCM) simulations, including those available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6), can help reveal the origins of observed changes and predict the future evolution of the ACSS. However, an evaluation of ACSS hydrography in GCMs is vital: previous CMIP ensembles exhibit substantial mean-state biases (reflecting, for example, misplaced water masses) with a wide inter-model spread. Because the ACSS are also a sparely sampled region, grid-point-based model assessments are of limited value. Our goal is to demonstrate the utility of clustering tools for identifying hydrographic regimes that are common to different source fields (model or data), while allowing for biases in other metrics (e.g., water mass core properties) and shifts in region boundaries. We apply K-means clustering to hydrographic metrics based on the stratification from one GCM (Community Earth System Model version 2; CESM2) and one observation-based product (World Ocean Atlas 2018; WOA), focusing on the Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Ross seas. When applied to WOA temperature and salinity profiles, clustering identifies “primary” and “mixed” regimes that have physically interpretable bases. For example, meltwater-freshened coastal currents in the Amundsen Sea and a region of high-salinity shelf water formation in the southwestern Ross Sea emerge naturally from the algorithm. Both regions also exhibit clearly differentiated inner- and outer-shelf regimes. The same analysis applied to CESM2 demonstrates that, although mean-state model biases in water mass T–S characteristics can be substantial, using a clustering approach highlights that the relative differences between regimes and the locations where each regime dominates are well represented in the model. CESM2 is generally fresher and warmer than WOA and has a limited fresh-water-enriched coastal regimes. Given the sparsity of observations of the ACSS, this technique is a promising tool for the evaluation of a larger model ensemble (e.g., CMIP6) on a circum-Antarctic basis.
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Elsobeiey, Mohamed Elsayed. "Accuracy Assessment of Satellite-Based Correction Service and Virtual GNSS Reference Station for Hydrographic Surveying." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070542.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of satellite-based correction service, Trimble PP-RTX, and Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) for bathymetry determination, and check how far these techniques meet the minimum standards of the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) for hydrographic surveys. To this end, a three-hour duration session was conducted at Sharm Obhur using KAU-Hydrography 1 vessel. This session includes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data at the base station using Trimble SPS855 GNSS receiver, multibeam records using Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echo sounder, sound velocity profile using Valeport’s sound velocity profiler, Applanix POS MV measurements, and real-time PP-RTX corrections. Moreover, the VRS GNSS data was generated using Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Continuous Operation Reference Station network (KSA-CORS). It is shown that the Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) and Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) of the PP-RTX technique are 5.50 cm and 5.90 cm, respectively, which meets the IHO minimum standards for all survey orders at 95% confidence level. The THU and TVU of the VRS technique, on the other hand, are 5.75 cm and 7.05 cm at 95% confidence level, respectively. These values meet the IHO standards for all survey orders as well. Statistical analysis of the seabed surface differences showed a −0.07 cm average difference between the PP-RTX seabed surface and the reference seabed surface with a standard deviation of 3.60 cm. However, the average difference between the VRS-based seabed surface and the reference seabed surface is −0.03 cm and a standard deviation of 3.61 cm.
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Afkril, Baina, M. Pramono Hadi, and Slamet Suprayogi. "A New Algorithm For The Grid Cell-Based Runoff Routing Model Based on Travel Time Concept." Geosfera Indonesia 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v5i2.17351.
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The grid cell-based routing model has recently been used to simulate direct runoff hydrographs at catchment scales. This study develops a flexible event-based runoff routing algorithm to simulate a direct runoff hydrograph (DRH). The experiment was based on the spatiotemporal inputs of a hydrological data set. The flexibility is based on the time step and grid cell size applied in the original STORE-DHM. Rainfall distribution was obtained using radar data adjusted by the measured point ground, while the runoff yield was determined using the NRCS-CN method. The parameter distribution was captured in the GIS environment as raster data formats. Furthermore, it was converted into ASCII data formats for scripting the routing algorithm using Matlab programming codes. The model algorithm was tested for storm events within two small study river systems in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. One event in each catchment was selected and calibrated to the observed hydrograph, treating the Curve Number (CN) and Manning coefficient (n) values as parameter calibrations. In the end, two events were selected for validation. The proposed routing model algorithm simulates DRHs of all selected events in the study areas with excellent performance. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was greater than 0.75 for all DRH during validation, and the volume bias and peak discharge error were less than 25%.
Keywords: Algorithm; Cell-based runoff routing; Travel time; GIS; Direct runoff hydrograph.
Copyright (c) 2020 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Skopeliti, Andriani, Lysandros Tsoulos, and Shachak Pe’eri. "Depth Contours and Coastline Generalization for Harbour and Approach Nautical Charts." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040197.
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Generalization of nautical charts and electronic nautical charts (ENCs) is a critical process which aims at the safety of navigation and clear cartographic presentation. This paper elaborates on the problem of depth contours and coastline generalization—natural and artificial—for medium-scale charts (harbour and approach) taking into account International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards, hydrographic offices’ (HOs) best practices and cartographic literature. Additional factors considered are scale, depth, and seafloor characteristics. The proposed method for depth contour generalization utilizes contours created from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) or those already portrayed on nautical charts. Moreover, it ensures consistency with generalized soundings. Regarding natural coastline generalization, the focus was on managing the resolution, while maintaining the shape, and on the islands. For the provision of a suitable generalization solution for the artificial shoreline, it was preprocessed in order to automatically recognize the shape of each structure as perceived by humans (e.g., a pier that looks like a T). The proposed generalization methodology is implemented with custom-developed routines utilizing standard geo-processing functions available in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and thus can be adopted by hydrographic agencies to support their ENC and nautical chart production. The methodology has been tested in the New York Lower Bay area in the U.S.A. Results have successfully delineated depth contours and coastline at scales 1:10 K, 1:20 K, 1:40 K and 1:80 K.
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Wu, Ray-Shyan, Fiaz Hussain, Yuan-Chien Lin, Tzu-Yu Yeh, and Kai-Chun Yu. "Characterization of Regional Groundwater System Based on Aquifer Response to Recharge–Discharge Phenomenon and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis." Water 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182535.
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The investigations of groundwater hydrograph reasonably reflect the aquifer response to recharge–discharge phenomenon and its characteristics. A better understanding of aquifer characteristics such as regional aquifer classification, recharge and discharge patterns, aquifer geology and flow patterns are the surface indicators that may be more effective and less costly for interpreting basic regional hydrogeological conditions and assessments. This study deals with the application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis to understand the groundwater spatio-temporal patterns and to visualize/classify the nature of the aquifer in the regional area of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Groundwater level fluctuation patterns and slopes of rising and recession limbs are used to identify the pumping effects and classify aquifers. The results of clustering analysis show that the groundwater observation wells in the study area can be divided into five major characteristics along with the upstream to downstream of Kaoping River. The clusters are consistent with basic lithology distribution and age of sedimentary, which represents the characteristics of groundwater level fluctuation. The identified groundwater hydrographs patterns provide newer insights related to aquifer response to recharge–discharge phenomenon, types of aquifers and their behaviors. The knowledge of water level fluctuations in the observation wells provides a piece of prior information about the abstraction of groundwater. The proposed aquifer classification and pumping effect have great potential for applied use in groundwater management e.g., save drilling cost.
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Xu, Jin, Baozhu Jia, Xinxiang Pan, Ronghui Li, Liang Cao, Can Cui, Haixia Wang, and Bo Li. "Hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring using shipborne radar small range images with electronic navigation chart." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (September 14, 2020): e290. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.290.
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Shipborne radars cannot only enable navigation and collision avoidance but also play an important role in the fields of hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring. In this paper, target extraction methods for oil films, ships and coastlines from original shipborne radar images are proposed. First, the shipborne radar video images are acquired by a signal acquisition card. Second, based on remote sensing image processing technology, the radar images are preprocessed, and the contours of the targets are extracted. Then, the targets identified in the radar images are integrated into an electronic navigation chart (ENC) by a geographic information system. The experiments show that the proposed target segmentation methods of shipborne radar images are effective. Using the geometric feature information of the targets identified in the shipborne radar images, information matching between radar images and ENC can be realized for hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring.
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Teixeira, Thiara Messias de Almeida, Vládia Pinto Vidal de Oliveira, and Amom Chrystian de Oliveira Teixeira. "Fragilidade Ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São João de Tiba, Extremo Sul da Bahia." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 1941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p1941-1956.
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The objective of this research was to produce a synthesis map of the environmental fragility of the São João de Tiba Hydrographic Basin located in the South End of Bahia. The basin was incorporated into the process of economic and private megaprojects of extensive territorial occupation such as cellulose, resulting in marked exploitation of natural resources and intense transformations in the landscape. The mapping was done in ArcGis 10 and used the SEI and CPRM geocartographic database. The integrated analysis of the basin allowed the production of products synthesizing the environmental dynamics that present different degrees of fragility of the natural and anthropized environments, which was constituted in a qualitative evaluation, produced from the environmental information. The basin has areas with environmental restrictions that present land uses incompatible with their natural characteristics, generating conditions of degradation of the landscape in the environmental systems in which they are found, what has contributed to the increase of environmental fragility.
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Stateczny, Andrzej, Marta Włodarczyk-Sielicka, and Grzegorz Zaniewicz. "Using High-Density Bathymetric Data for the Production of Precise ENC." Annual of Navigation 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10367-012-0020-x.
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Abstract Due to an increasing trend of replacing traditional paper navigational charts with electronic ones, requirements for the creation of new ENC have been steadily growing. One example is the precise electronic navigational chart, which is based on accurate mapping of topographic and hydrographic elements. Information about depth of the waters contained on the charts are crucial for the safety of navigation. During the production of precise navigational charts, bathymetric information acquired by a multi-beam sonar system (or swath-bathymetry interferometric system) is used. A multi-beam sonar system emits several signal beams from a single transducer in different directions, which allows to cover a hundred percent of the survey area. The authors of the article carried out an analysis of bathymetric data in terms of differences in their preparation for the production of precise ENC.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrographic system. eng"
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Sonegatti, Odair. "Análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco - Oeste do Estado do Paraná /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96731.
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Orientador: Edson Luis PiroliBanca: Antonio Cezar Leal
Banca: Salvador Carpi Júnior
Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa foi a análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco localizada no oeste paranaense, uma das regiões de maior produção de grãos e suínos do Estado. Através de observações e mapeamento procurou-se conhecer a forma com que os agricultores estão trabalhando o solo, o tipo de agricultura e pecuária e a preservação das matas ciliares das nascentes e dos corpos d'água. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em algumas etapas principais que foram: revisão de literatura, busca de informações nos órgãos responsáveis, delimitação e georreferenciamento da área de estudo, com relação aos solos e à hidrografia e levantamento do uso atual da terra sobre as imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida por Piroli (2002). Utilizamos também os parâmetros cobertura vegetal atual (CA), erosividade da chuva (E) e a densidade de drenagem (DD), como proposto por Beltrame (1994) para o Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista (DFC). Como resultados das análises das características físicas da bacia, obtivemos características morfométricas, características hidrográficas da bacia e análise do uso das terras nas APPs. Constatamos que a bacia hidrográfica do rio Marreco, apresenta recomposição das matas ciliares nas cabeceiras de nascentes e respeito às faixas de preservação dos corpos d'água, e os agricultores aplicam técnicas conservacionistas para o preparo do solo.
Abstract: The goal of this research was the Marreco River's hydrographic environmental analysis of western Parana state, Brazil, one of the productive regions in grains and swine raising. Through observations and mapping this work intended to identify how the farmers are working their soil, the kind of agriculture and cattle raising and the preservation of gallery forests of their souces and courses. This work was developed in some steps which include: literature revision, information search in the responsible organs, delimitation and georeferencing of the study area, related to soil and hydrography, besides collecting the real use of the soil on the images captured by satellite. For the elaboration of the maps, the methodology used was based on Piroli (2002). We have also used the parameters of present vegetal covering (CA), rain erosion (E) and the density of drainage (DD) as proposed by Beltrame (1994) for the Conservationist Physical Diagnosis - DFC. As a result of the physical characteristics analyses of the river system, we obtained the use of the soil in the APPs. We identified that Marreco River's hydrographic system presents a recomposition of the gallery forests on the river sources and a strict respect to the preservation bounds of the systems, and the agriculturalists apply conservationist techniques for preparing the soil.
Mestre
Book chapters on the topic "Hydrographic system. eng"
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Travis O. Brenden, Richard D. Clark, Arthur R. Cooper, Paul W. Seelbach, Lizhu Wang, Stephen S. Aichele, Edward G. Bissell, and Jana S. Stewart. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch3.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—We describe a geographic information systems (GIS) framework for conducting research related to the functional linkages between rivers and multiscale landscape descriptors. Our purpose in presenting this framework is to provide a template for those wishing to conduct their own research and to encourage the adoption of standardized GIS methodologies when conducting stream ecological research. A standardized framework will strengthen the abilities of stream ecologists to communicate and reach broad conclusions regarding the relationships between rivers and conditions in the surrounding landscape and ultimately will improve conservation and management efforts. The GIS framework consists of three spatial units: stream reaches, riparian buffers, and catchments. The basic spatial unit is a stream reach, which is defined primarily as interconfluence stretches of water. A riparian buffer is that portion of the landscape within a bounded distance (e.g., 60 m) of a reach, while a catchment is the total land area draining to a reach. We distinguish between two forms of riparian buffers and catchments, reach and network, which helps with variable attribution and provides a method for differentiating between local and accumulative upstream conditions. Each of these spatial units can be delineated from the national hydrography and elevation data sets using ArcInfo GIS functions. Variables that are attributed to the spatial units either occur in preexisting GIS data sets (e.g., land use) or else are calculated (e.g., reach sinuosity) or statistically modeled (e.g., river temperature) using attributes available in preexisting GIS data sets. Several potential applications (landscape-based statistical modeling of reach-scale characteristics, identification of conservation gaps, and environmental impairment assessment and management) of this GIS framework are described to illustrate the benefits and flexibility of this approach in addressing common river conservation and management objectives.