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1
Zika, Jan David Climate & Environmental Dynamics Laboratory Faculty of Science UNSW. "Quantifying ocean mixing from hydrographic data." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Climate & Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44872.
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The relationship between the general circulation of the ocean and, along-isopycnal and vertical mixing is explored. Firstly, advection down isopycnal tracer gradients is related to mixing in specific regions of the ocean. Secondly, a general inverse method is developed for estimating both mixing and the general circulation. Two examples of down gradient advection are explored. Firstly the region of Mediterranean outflow in the North Atlantic. Given a known transport of warm salty water out of the Mediterranean Sea and the mean hydrography of the eastern North Atlantic, the vertical structure of the along-isopycnal mixing coefficient, K, and the vertical mixing coefficient, D, is revealed. Secondly, the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation, SMOC, is investigated. There, relatively warm salty water is advected southward, along-isopycnals, toward fresher cooler surface waters. The strength and structure of the SMOC is related to K and D by considering advection down along-isopycnal gradients of temperature and potential vorticity. The ratio of K to D and their magnitudes are identified. A general tool is developed for estimating the ocean circulation and mixing; the \textit{tracer-contour inverse method}. Integrating along contours of constant tracer on isopycnals, differences in a geostrophic streamfunction are related to advection and hence to mixing. This streamfunction is related in the vertical, via an analogous form of the depth integrated thermal wind equation. The tracer-contour inverse method combines aspects of the box, beta spiral and Bernoulli methods. The tracer-contour inverse method is validated against the output of a layered model and against in-situ observations from the eastern North Atlantic. The method accurately reproduces the observed mixing rates and reveals their vertical structure.
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Reader, James Weatherston. "Hydrographic office & chart Information centre." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946432.
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Goodson, Kelvin J. "Automated interpretation of digital images of hydrographic charts." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1987. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/382/.
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Details of research into the automated generation of a digital database of hydrographic charts is presented. Low level processing of digital images of hydrographic charts provides image line feature segments which serve as input to a semi-automated feature extraction system, (SAFE). This system is able to perform a great deal of the building of chart features from the image segments simply on the basis of proximity of the segments. The system solicits user interaction when ambiguities arise. IThe creation of an intelligent knowledge based system (IKBS) implemented in the form of a backward chained production rule based system, which cooperates with the SAFE system, is described. The 1KBS attempts to resolve ambiguities using domain knowledge coded in the form of production rules. The two systems communicate by the passing of goals from SAFE to the IKBS and the return of a certainty factor by the IKBS for each goal submitted. The SAFE system can make additional feature building decisions on the basis of collected sets of certainty factors, thus reducing the need for user interaction. This thesis establishes that the cooperating IKBS approach to image interpretation offers an effective route to automated image understanding.
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Carr, Domenic Anthony. "A study of the target detection capabilities of an airborne lidar bathymetry system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47585.
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Airborne lidar bathymetry (ALB) is a method used to survey and map coastal and littoral zones. Along with extracting seafloor depth and reflectance in the surveyed area, a fundamental requirement of these surveys is to detect underwater targets, hazards, or obstructions. The ability to detect underwater targets depends on a target's dimensions and reflectance, the depth and turbidity of the water, system and survey configuration, data processing capabilities, and algorithmic sophistication. Understanding the effects of each of these factors on the performance of underwater target detection is essential in determining the target detection capabilities of a proposed ALB system. After detailing the development of a simulation environment to model received ALB system waveforms, this work explores the theoretical target detection capabilities of an ALB system.
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Looker, Jason R. "Minimum paths to interception of a moving target when constrained by turning radius." Fishermans Bend, Victoria : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/9741.
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Webb, Adrian James. "The expansion of British naval hydrographic administration, 1808-1829." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/116990.
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The period from 1808 to 1829, largely neglected by those historians who have looked at the Hydrographic Office, was the crucial formative period for expansion that laid the solid foundations which later Hydrographers could then exploit. The context, achievements and failures of the Admiralty’s hydrographic function, including surveying, chart production, supply, sales and its contribution to the Navy and the scientific world, as an all encompassing beast has been overlooked; the Admiralty placed the responsibility for those tasks on the shoulders of its Hydrographer. Subsequently he determined the success or failure of the office, using his initiative to expand and develop opportunities benefiting the Admiralty, as well as managing a valuable resource of geographical intelligence, fostering links with scientists and the international hydrographic community. The Hydrographer also found himself creating his own policies, serving as Secretary to the Board of Longitude, being a consultant on navigational matters, taking responsibility for the acquisition, supply and maintenance of chronometers for the Navy, as well as being a focal point for issues concerning pay, promotion and manning for surveying specialists. The period from 1808 to 1829 saw many changes, which gave rise to numerous opportunities for expansion. The Admiralty Board and William, Duke of Clarence (as the last Lord High Admiral), both had a direct influence in the way the office expanded, which saw innovation and experimental work become part of the Hydrographer’s routine, especially after the Peace of 1815. But expansion required funding and at a time when internal economy appeared to the be the main objective within the Admiralty, Captain Thomas Hurd managed not only to establish a 100% increase in surveying capacity but laid the foundation for a distinct specialist and professional core of survey officers. His successor, Captain William Parry, despite his absences, overhauled working practices in the office, set standards for surveyors to follow and continued to expand the number of survey ships in commission. Subsequently Captain Francis Beaufort was left the most highly efficient hydrographic office since its foundation in 1795.
7
Reece, Richard H. "An analysis of hydrographic data collected off Point Sur." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26865.
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Manley, Justin E. "High fidelity hydrographic surveys using and autonomous surface craft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50480.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-94).
There is a vital need to update the hydrographic database of the United States. NOAA statistics show that with current survey technologies it will take nearly 40 years to update U.S. nautical charts. Hydrographic surveys require a careful record of depth, position, tide, and the motions of the survey platform. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is one highly regarded organization which performs hydrographic surveys. They impose a strict standard of accuracy for certain surveys. For these Class 1 surveys, position must be within 6 meters and depth must be measured within 0.5 feet. This thesis documents the development of a new technology to meet these needs and provide hydrographic surveys in more cost effective ways than existing techniques. Since 1993 Autonomous Surface Craft (ASC) have been under development at the MIT Sea Grant College Program. Hydrographic surveying was the first practical mission approached by an ASC. The ASC ARTEMIS used simple navigation and control systems and a basic recreational depth sounder to demonstrate the possiblity of performing surveys with ASC. This background led to the developments presented here. This project had two goals, the first was to develop an ASC which was better suited for hydrographic surveys than ARTEMIS. This required designing and constructing a new ASC with improved endurance, speed, payload, and stability. This goal was met with the development of the ASC ACES (Autonomous Coastal Exploration System). The development of ACES and its preliminary field tests, which provided a hydrographic survey which was 78% Class 1, are documented in this work. The second goal of this effort was to configure the new ASC for high fidelity hydrographic surveys. This required selection of new sensors to measure position, depth, tide, and the motions of the ASC. Conventional systems were evaluated and a final design was selected which incorporated the latest developments in the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS). By using GPS sensors to account for all variables except depth, ACES is able to meet the high standards of a Class 1 survey. Using an Acoutisc Doppler Current Profiler to measure depth provides ACES with a high quality and versatile sensor to employ in such surveys. This project has demonstrated the potential for ASC to be used in the field of hydrographic surveys. ACES, A system capable of providing high fidelity hydrographic surveys to meet the needs of the U.S. survey community has been designed and built. This system has matched the USACE surveys with 78% accuracy in a prototype configuration. The final high fidelity survey configuration of ACES will provide Class 1 or better surveys more cost effectively than manned survey vessels.
by Justin E. Manley.
S.M.
9
Mastropole, Dana M. "Hydrographic structure of overflow water passing through the Denmark Strait." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101344.
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Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-66).
Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) constitutes the densest portion of North Atlantic Deep Water, which feeds the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). As such, it is critical to understand how DSOW is transferred from the upstream basins in the Nordic Seas, across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, and to the North Atlantic Ocean. The goal of this study is to characterize the hydrographic structure of the different DSOW constituents at the sill before the water descends into the Irminger Sea using temperature and salinity (T/S) data from 111 shipboard crossings in the vicinity of the sill, collected between 1990 and 2012. The individual realizations indicate that weakly stratified "boluses" of DSOW frequent the sill and contribute the densest water to the overflow. This study also characterizes the structure, size, and location of the boluses and relates them to the T/S modes found at the sill. Lastly, historical hydrographic data from the Nordic Seas are used to make inferences regarding the origin of the boluses.
by Dana M. Mastropole.
S.M.
10
Alexander, Julie G. "Hydrographic Surface Modeling Through A Raster Based Spline Creation Method." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1842.
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The United States Army Corp of Engineers relies on accurate and detailed surface models for various construction projects and preventative measures. To aid in these efforts, it is necessary to work for advancements in surface model creation. Current methods for model creation include Delaunay triangulation, raster grid interpolation, and Hydraulic Spline grid generation. While these methods produce adequate surface models, attempts for improved methods can still be made.
A method for raster based spline creation is presented as a variation of the Hydraulic Spline algorithm. By implementing Hydraulic Splines in raster data instead of vector data, the model creation process is streamlined. This method is shown to be more efficient and less computationally expensive than previous methods of surface model creation due to the inherent advantages of raster data over vector data.
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Sterling, David L. "A Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Techniques for Determining Shoaling Rates of the Atlantic Ocean Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35072.
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The United States of Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) closely monitors the changing depths of navigation channels throughout the U.S. and Western Europe. The main issue with their surveying methodology is that the USACE surveys in linear cross sections, perpendicular to the channel direction. Depending on the channel length and width, these cross sections are spaced 100 - 400 feet apart, which produces large unmapped areas within each cross section of a survey.
Using a variety of spatial interpolation methods, depths of these unmapped areas were produced. The choice of spatial interpolator varied upon which method adequately produced surfaces from large hydrographic survey data sets with the lowest amount of prediction error. The data used for this research consisted of multibeam and singlebeam surveys. These surveys were taken in a systematic manner of linear cross-sections that produced tens of thousands of data points.
Nine interpolation techniques (inverse distance weighting, completely regularized spline, spline with tension, thin plate spline, multiquadratic spline, inverse multiquadratic spline, ordinary kriging, simple kriging, and universal kriging) were compared for their ability to accurately produce bathymetric surfaces of navigation channels. Each interpolation method was tested for effectiveness in determining depths at "unknown" areas. The level of accuracy was tested through validation and cross validation of training and test data sets for a particular hydrographic survey.
By using interpolation, grid surfaces were created at 15, 30, 60, and 90-meter resolution for each survey of the study site, the Atlantic Ocean Channel. These surfaces are used to produce shoaling amounts, which are taken in the form of volumes (yd.3). Because the Atlantic Ocean Channel is a large channel with a small gradual change in depth, a comparison of grid resolution was conducted to determine what difference, if any, exists between the calculated volumes from varying grid resolutions. Also, a comparison of TIN model volume calculations was compared to grid volume estimates.
Volumes are used to determine the amount of shoaling and at what rate shoaling is occurring in a navigation channel. Shoaling in each channel was calculated for the entire channel length. Volumes from varying grid resolutions were produced from the Atlantic Ocean Channel over a seven-year period from 1994-2001.
Using randomly arranged test and training datasets, spline with tension and thin plate spline produced the mean total error when interpolating using singlebeam and multibeam hydrographic data respectively. Thin plate spline and simple kriging produced the lowest mean total error in full cross validation testing of entire singlebeam and multibeam hydrographic datasets respectively.
Volume analysis of varying grid resolution indicates that finer grid resolution provides volume estimates comparable to TIN modeling, the USACE's technique for determining sediment volume estimates. The coarser the resolution, the less similar the volume estimates are in comparison to TIN modeling. All grid resolutions indicate that the Atlantic Ocean Channel is shoaling. Using a plan depth of 53 feet, TIN modeling displayed an annual average increase of 928,985 cubic yards of sediment from 1994 - 2001.
Master of Science
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Marreiros, Joao Paulo Ramalho. "Performance analysis of GPS attitude determination in a hydrographic survey launch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30020.pdf.
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Ostnes, Runar. "Use of depth perception for the improved understanding of hydrographic data." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2114.
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This thesis has reviewed how increased depth perception can be used to increase the understanding of hydrographic data First visual cues and various visual displays and techniques were investigated. From this investigation 3D stereoscopic techniques prove to be superior in improving the depth perception and understanding of spatially related data and a further investigation on current 3D stereoscopic visualisation techniques was carried out. After reviewing how hydrographic data is currently visualised it was decided that the chromo stereoscopic visualisation technique is preferred to be used for further research on selected hydrographic data models. A novel chromo stereoscopic application was developed and the results from the evaluation on selected hydrographic data models clearly show an improved depth perception and understanding of the data models.
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Qi, Songwei. "Use of International Hydrographic Organization Tidal Data for Improved Tidal Prediction." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/900.
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Tides are the rise and fall of water level caused by gravitational forces exerted by the sun, moon and earth. Understanding sea level variation and its impact currents is very important especially in coastal regions. With knowledge of the tide-generating force and boundary conditions, hydrodynamic models can be used to predict or model tides in coastal regions. However, these models are not sufficiently accurate, and in-situ tide gauge data may be used to improve them in coastal regions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) tidal data bank consists of over 4000 tide gauge stations scattered all around the globe, most of which are in coastal regions. These tide gauge data are very valuable for tidal predictions. One drawback of the IHO data is that a considerable number of stations are located in rivers or near man-made structures or small-scale, complex topographic features. Another drawback is the unknown accuracy of the IHO data. To avoid these drawbacks, quality control has been done in the present study. Each IHO tide gauge station has been categorized according to its proximity to rivers, lagoons, man-made harbors, and other factors that may influence tidal elevation. Quantitative metrics such as water depth, distance to the continental shelf break, and horizontal length scale of station site morphology have been computed. Comparisons among IHO data, the output of O.S.U. Tidal Inversion Software (OTIS), and other data sources, such as Global Sea-Level Observing System (GLOSS) data, have been done to test the quality and accuracy of IHO data. Moreover, the characteristics of stations with large error have also been examined. The good comparison of IHO with duplicate GLOSS stations shows that, as far as can be determined, IHO data are reliable and ought to be used in improving coastal tide models. The non-Gaussian character of the errors suggests that further improvements in tidal modeling will require advances in data assimilation which are robust to non-Gaussian data error.
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Gilliam, Anna Brooke. "Numerical simulation of groundwater withdrawal within the Mercury Valley Hydrographic Area, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2004. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1429849.
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Losch, Martin. "Analyse hydrographischer Schnitte mit Satellitenaltimetrie = Analysis of hydrographic sections with satellite altimetry /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001. http://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/dissertations/physics/Losch_M2000/Losch_M2000.pdf.
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Baltz, Kenneth A. "Ten years of hydrographic variability off Central California during the upwelling season." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9062.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedAnalysis of mean conditions and variability during the upwelling season off central California was performed on data sets of buoy and shoreline surface measurements and CTD data from ten annual NMFS surveys (1987-1996). Climatologies of the surface conditions (alongshore wind, SST, SSS) revealed that the height of the upwelling season occurred during May and June. Variability in the surface conditions was high both inter-annually and inter- seasonally with maximum equatorward wind, lowest SST, and highest SSS during the months of May and June. Ten year climatologies of hydrographic conditions from CTD data (depth and salinity on density anomaly surfaces, and temperature, salinity, density at discrete depths) indicated complex circulation patterns and water mass properties. The nearshore region contained relatively dense, upwelled water and isopycnal gradients conformed to local bathymetry. A robust upwelling filament off Pt. Reyes and three anticyclonic eddy-like features west of the shelf break appeared in the climatologies. EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis of the subsurface variability confirmed the presence of the prominent features that appeared in the climatologies. The geophysical signals of the first three EOF-amplitude pairs represent a cross-shore mean upwelling pattern, an alongshore pattern caused by spatial variations in wind and gradients of water mass characteristics, and a filament-eddy resolving pattern, respectively
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Steed, Arnold F. "A heuristic search method of selecting range-range sites for hydrographic surveys." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27078.
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Gillon, Rosemary Jayne Browning. "The role of the ROV within integrated geotechnical and hydrographic site investigation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1116.
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The acquisition of marine survey data is traditionally undertaken from surface vessels including boats and temporary rigs. Translation of these techniques to the nearshore zone is a complex task and requires equipment adaptation and. often the sacrifice of data coverage. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) offers the potential for overcoming some of the standard nearshore survey Concems, providing remote intervention and data acquisition in areas of restricted access. In situ testing is the most efficient and reliable method of acquiring data with minimal sediment disturbance effects. Research has been undertaken into the viability of nearshore cone penetration testing (CPT) which has shown the T-Bar flow round penetrometer to be a possible solution. Data could be acquired in sediments with undrained shear strengths of up to 300 kPa from a bottom crawling ROV weighing 260 kgf and measuring 1 m in length by 0.6 m in width. The collection of sediment cores may be necessary in areas requiring ground truthing for geophysical or in situ investigations. A pneumatic piston corer has been designed and manufactured and is capable of collecting sediment cores up to 400 mm in length, 38 mm in diameter, in sediment with undrained shear strength of 17 kPa. To ascertain additional sediment characteristics in situ, a resistivity subbottom profiling system has also been designed and tested and allows for discrimination between sediment types ranging in size from gravel to silt. The integration of equipment and testing procedures can be fiirther developed through the use of integrated data management approaches such as geographical information systems (GIS). An offthe- shelf GIS, Arclnfo 8, was used to create a GIS containing typical nearshore data using the Dart estuary as a case study location.
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Knierim, Adam Clair. "A hydrographic investigation of a mixed-energy inlet : Rich Inlet, North Carolina /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/knierima/adamknierim.html.
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Gorayeb, Adryane [UNESP]. "Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté - Amazônia Oriental - Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100074.
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gorayeb_a_dr_rcla.pdf: 3603159 bytes, checksum: 98bc31f9585b44e693d3b2126e3bd0a6 (MD5)A bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté está inserida no nordeste do Pará e possui 2.195 km2 e extensão do rio principal de 149 km. O intuito principal foi o de elaborar um estudo da paisagem da bacia do Caeté e avaliar o nível de degradação ambiental. Os procedimentos foram divididos em quatro etapas: 1) levantamento bibliográfico e cartográfico, 2) trabalhos de campo, 3) análises laboratoriais da água superficial e subterrânea e 4) trabalhos de gabinete. Realizou-se: i) levantamento socioeconômico; ii) caracterização das unidades geoambientais; iii) elaboração do diagnóstico da qualidade da água; iv) avaliação das condições do lixão e v) identificação dos fatores de degradação. Foram identificadas quatro unidades: Planalto Costeiro, Planície Costeira, Planície Fluvial e Planície Estuarina. O saneamento básico é inexistente e as principais atividades estão relacionadas com a agropecuária, extrativismo vegetal e pesca artesanal e semi-industrial. Como principais problemas foram identificados o desmatamento, a prática da mineração, a potencial poluição hídrica no rio e seus afluentes e a forte tendência à contaminação pela disposição incorreta dos resíduos sólidos. Além de causar problemas ao meio, esses fatores também acarretam prejuízos diretos para as comunidades, haja vista o consumo de água de baixa qualidade e a disseminação de doenças.
The Caeté river hydrographic basin is located in the northeastern of Pará and has 2.195 km2 and extent of the main river of 149 km. The main goal of this research was preparing an integrated study of the environment context of Caeté’s river and to assess the level of environmental degradation. The analysis was based on landscape study and the procedures were divided into four stages: 1) analyses bibliographic and mapping, 2) work of field, 3) analysis of water quality and 4) work office. There were analyses related to the definition and characterization of the environmental units, socioeconomic survey, diagnosis of water quality, environmental assessment of the public dumps and identification of the factors of environmental degradation. The survey found that the environmental units inserted in the basin are the Coastal Plateau and Coastal Plain. The main economic activities are related to agriculture and extraction of plant and fishing. As main environmental problems had been identified the deforestation, the practice of mining, the potential water pollution and the strong trend to water contamination by the incorrect disposal of solid waste.
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Stone, Jeffry Joel 1948. "A process based method to estimate the hydrograph from small agricultural watersheds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191161.
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The kinematic wave model for overland and channel flow is used to develop a method to calculate the runoff hydrograph from a watershed consisting of a cascade of planes and channels. First, a general, semi-analytic solution based on the method of characteristics and incorporating flow on infiltrating surfaces is derived. Unrealistic properties of previous solutions based on the method of characteristics are avoided by defining lateral inflow in relation to the presence or absence of flowing water on the flow surface. It is shown that the new definition of lateral inflow results in both a more physically realistic representation of the overland and channel flow process during the recession stage of the hydrograph and a more accurate estimation of runoff volume than obtained by previous solutions. Second, the concept of the storage of water at kinematic equilibrium is used to calculate a depth-discharge coefficient for a single plane system and a two plane, one channel system, each of which is hydraulically equivalent to a complex cascade of planes and channels. The method is validated on two rangeland watersheds in Arizona. The results show that hydrographs generated from the two simplified watershed geometries are essentially the same as those from complex geometries when the duration of the runoff event is equal to or greater than the time to kinematic equilibrium. At durations less than the time to kinematic equilibrium, the two plane, one channel system preserves the complex geometry properties better than the single plane system.
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Tziagidia, Georgios Th. "An analysis of hydrographic data collected off Point Sur, California in June 1990." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27963.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe data collected in June 1990 from the R/V Point Sur are used to study the California Undercurrent and California Current in the area off Point Sur. The area of study is a coastal region starting 3 km off Point Sur and extending westward 102 km.. At that distance the orientation of the line of the stations changes to southwest, extending to 228 km offshore. The cruise took place from 16-22 of June under upwelling favorable weather conditions. The results of this study help illustrate the great variability of the currents in the area. In June 1990 the California Undercurrent exists, is strong (max speed is 36 cm/sec), is confined to the first 65 km from the shore, and carries equatorial type waters northward in depths less that 650 dbars. the estimated transport is 2.9 Sv. the California Current is broad, slower than the Undercurrent (max speed 28 cm/sec), shallower and carries Subarctic North Pacific waters. The coastal upwelling looks strong starting from the depth of 100 dbars, and contributes to the inshore coastal jet which it is observed in the first 8 km from the shore and in the upper 20 dbars. Unlike previous analyses based on CalCOFI data, the Undercurrent appears robust in June. Its strong surface and subsurface signature had not previously been reported for this month. This may be in part due to the determination made in this thesis that 700 dbar is a more appropriate reference level than either 500 or 1000 dbar.
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Rykova, Tatiana. "Evolution of the Irminger Current anticyclones in the Labrador Sea from hydrographic data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39201.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-143).
The continuous supply of heat and fresh water from the boundaries to the interior of the Labrador Sea plays an important role for the dynamics of the region and in particular, for the Labrador Sea Water formation. Thus, it is necessary to understand the factors governing the exchange of properties between the boundary and interior. A significant fraction of heat and fresh water, needed to balance the annual heat loss and to contribute to the seasonal freshening of the Labrador Sea, is thought to be provided by coherent long-lived anticyclonic eddies shed by the Irminger Current. The population, some properties, rates and direction of propagation of these anomalies are known but the evolution and the mechanism of their decay are still far from obvious. In this work I investigated their water mass properties and evolution under the strong wintertime forcing using hydrographic data from 1990-2004 and a 1-dimensional mixed layer model. There were 50 eddies found in the hydrographic data record, 48 of which were identified as anticyclones. Vertical structure of the eddies was investigated, leading to the categorization of all the anticyclones into three classes: 12 - with a fresh surface layer and no mixed layer, 18 - without a fresh layer and at least one mixed layer, and 18 with ambiguous vertical structure. Four eddies of the second group appeared to have cores extending to as deep as 1500 m vertically and an isopycnal displacement of 400-600 m. A number of eddies without a fresh water cap contained Labrador Sea Water from the previous year at mid-depths.
(cont.) Vertical structure of the eddies was investigated, leading to the categorization of all the anticyclones into three classes: 12 - with a fresh surface layer and no mixed layer, 18 - without a fresh layer and at least one mixed layer, and 18 with ambiguous vertical structure. Four eddies of the second group appeared to have cores extending to as deep as 1500 m vertically and an isopycnal displacement of 400-600 m. A number of eddies without a fresh water cap contained Labrador Sea Water from the previous year at mid-depths.
by Tatiana Rykova.
S.M.
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Pierce, Stephen D. (Stephen Davis). "Gulf Stream velocity structure through combined inversion of hydrographic and acoustic doppler data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55294.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1987.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Bibliography: leaves 64-65.
by Stephen D. Pierce.
M.S.
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Fielding, Sophie. "Biological validation of acoustic backscatter and observations of biological/hydrographic interactions at the mesoscale." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273754.
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Male, Benjamin R. (Benjamin Richard). "Rapid remote determination of hydrographic data for modified surf Index calculations and naval applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129069.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. Page A-22 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-68).
Amphibious operations present a unique set of challenges to naval personnel. Among these challenges is the need to rapidly obtain reliable real-time data for the surf zone, a high-energy environment in which beach profiles and wave regimes may not be known a priori, are difficult to measure remotely, and can change rapidly over time or following extreme weather events. The Naval Beach Group (NBG) has a requirement for hydrographic and beach surveys to plan amphibious landings, while Underwater Construction Teams (UCTs) have a mission to provide hydrographic survey data for the naval component of Joint Logistics Over-The-Shore (JLOTS), in addition to underwater construction, surveys, and repairs. The NBG and UCTs currently conduct surveys and inspections using divers, shore-based personnel, sonar (single, multi-beam, and side-scan), and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).
The Modified Surf Index (MSI) is a non-dimensional number calculated from eight wave, wind, and current characteristics within the surf zone and is determined by Naval Beach Master Unit (BMU) personnel. The calculated MSI value is used as a go/no-go mission criterion for various landing craft during training, operational, or wartime missions. Unfortunately, some measured MSI parameters are subjective, dependent on operator experience and require operator presence on the beach. In addition, their determination is time intensive. U.S military forces desire a single technology or suite of measurement techniques that are capable of rapidly collecting accurate real-time data within the surf zone to aid in amphibious landings, surveillance, recovery, reconnaissance, cable replacement and repair, underwater construction, and ordinance detection.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the existing technologies available for bathymetric mapping and MSI calculation; to include data collection accuracy, post-processing time, range, deployability, and potential for military applications. Technologies explored will include remote and autonomous underwater vehicles, radar, LIDAR, sonar, unmanned aerial vehicles, optical imagery, GPS equipped jet-skis outfitted with precision echo sounders, classic surveying techniques, inference from offshore wave field data, and surf zone modeling. Understanding the current capabilities and limitations of existing technologies will enhance Naval readiness and increase the timeliness and accuracy of obtaining hydrographic data in the surf zone for current and future Navy operations.
by Benjamin R. Male.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Rago, Thomas A. Collins Curtis A. Steger John. "Hydrographic data along the California coast from Pigeon Point to Cape San Martin May through July 1966 /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36981499.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1997."January 1997." "Prepared for: Oceanographer of the Navy, OPNAV 096, Washington, DC 20392-5421." "NPS-OC-97-002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 152).
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Sonegatti, Odair [UNESP]. "Análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco – Oeste do Estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96731.
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O objeto desta pesquisa foi a análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco localizada no oeste paranaense, uma das regiões de maior produção de grãos e suínos do Estado. Através de observações e mapeamento procurou-se conhecer a forma com que os agricultores estão trabalhando o solo, o tipo de agricultura e pecuária e a preservação das matas ciliares das nascentes e dos corpos d´água. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em algumas etapas principais que foram: revisão de literatura, busca de informações nos órgãos responsáveis, delimitação e georreferenciamento da área de estudo, com relação aos solos e à hidrografia e levantamento do uso atual da terra sobre as imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida por Piroli (2002). Utilizamos também os parâmetros cobertura vegetal atual (CA), erosividade da chuva (E) e a densidade de drenagem (DD), como proposto por Beltrame (1994) para o Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista (DFC). Como resultados das análises das características físicas da bacia, obtivemos características morfométricas, características hidrográficas da bacia e análise do uso das terras nas APPs. Constatamos que a bacia hidrográfica do rio Marreco, apresenta recomposição das matas ciliares nas cabeceiras de nascentes e respeito às faixas de preservação dos corpos d´água, e os agricultores aplicam técnicas conservacionistas para o preparo do solo.
The goal of this research was the Marreco River´s hydrographic environmental analysis of western Parana state, Brazil, one of the productive regions in grains and swine raising. Through observations and mapping this work intended to identify how the farmers are working their soil, the kind of agriculture and cattle raising and the preservation of gallery forests of their souces and courses. This work was developed in some steps which include: literature revision, information search in the responsible organs, delimitation and georeferencing of the study area, related to soil and hydrography, besides collecting the real use of the soil on the images captured by satellite. For the elaboration of the maps, the methodology used was based on Piroli (2002). We have also used the parameters of present vegetal covering (CA), rain erosion (E) and the density of drainage (DD) as proposed by Beltrame (1994) for the Conservationist Physical Diagnosis – DFC. As a result of the physical characteristics analyses of the river system, we obtained the use of the soil in the APPs. We identified that Marreco River´s hydrographic system presents a recomposition of the gallery forests on the river sources and a strict respect to the preservation bounds of the systems, and the agriculturalists apply conservationist techniques for preparing the soil.
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Gorayeb, Adryane. "Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté - Amazônia Oriental - Brasil /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100074.
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Resumo: A bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté está inserida no nordeste do Pará e possui 2.195 km2 e extensão do rio principal de 149 km. O intuito principal foi o de elaborar um estudo da paisagem da bacia do Caeté e avaliar o nível de degradação ambiental. Os procedimentos foram divididos em quatro etapas: 1) levantamento bibliográfico e cartográfico, 2) trabalhos de campo, 3) análises laboratoriais da água superficial e subterrânea e 4) trabalhos de gabinete. Realizou-se: i) levantamento socioeconômico; ii) caracterização das unidades geoambientais; iii) elaboração do diagnóstico da qualidade da água; iv) avaliação das condições do lixão e v) identificação dos fatores de degradação. Foram identificadas quatro unidades: Planalto Costeiro, Planície Costeira, Planície Fluvial e Planície Estuarina. O saneamento básico é inexistente e as principais atividades estão relacionadas com a agropecuária, extrativismo vegetal e pesca artesanal e semi-industrial. Como principais problemas foram identificados o desmatamento, a prática da mineração, a potencial poluição hídrica no rio e seus afluentes e a forte tendência à contaminação pela disposição incorreta dos resíduos sólidos. Além de causar problemas ao meio, esses fatores também acarretam prejuízos diretos para as comunidades, haja vista o consumo de água de baixa qualidade e a disseminação de doenças.Abstract: The Caeté river hydrographic basin is located in the northeastern of Pará and has 2.195 km2 and extent of the main river of 149 km. The main goal of this research was preparing an integrated study of the environment context of Caeté's river and to assess the level of environmental degradation. The analysis was based on landscape study and the procedures were divided into four stages: 1) analyses bibliographic and mapping, 2) work of field, 3) analysis of water quality and 4) work office. There were analyses related to the definition and characterization of the environmental units, socioeconomic survey, diagnosis of water quality, environmental assessment of the public dumps and identification of the factors of environmental degradation. The survey found that the environmental units inserted in the basin are the Coastal Plateau and Coastal Plain. The main economic activities are related to agriculture and extraction of plant and fishing. As main environmental problems had been identified the deforestation, the practice of mining, the potential water pollution and the strong trend to water contamination by the incorrect disposal of solid waste.
Orientador: Magda Adelaide Lombardo
Coorientador: Luci Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira
Banca: Marcello Martinelli
Banca: Valdir Schalch
Banca: Antônio Carlos Tavares
Banca: Sérgio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto
Doutor
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Chumbinho, Rogřio Paulo Antunes. "Objective analysis of a coastal ocean eddy using satellite AVHRR and in situ hydrographic data /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA275715.
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Brückner, Sylvia. "Climatic and hydrographic variability in the late Holocene Skagerrak as deduced from benthic foraminiferal proxies." Bremenhaven Alfred- Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2008. http://d-nb.info/997391057/34.
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Abdallah, Ashraf [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwieger. "Precise point positioning for kinematic applications to improve hydrographic survey / Ashraf Abdallah ; Betreuer: Volker Schwieger." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1126645877/34.
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Chumbinho, Rogerio Paulo Antunes. "Objective analysis of a coastal ocean eddy using satellite AVHRR and in situ hydrographic data." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26116.
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A common characteristic of the interaction between the coastal topography and eastern boundary currents (EBC) is the appearance of cold filaments and mesoscale eddies. Hydrographic and satellite temperature data obtained during a cruise on board R/V Point Sur off Point Arena, California, in May 1993 were analyzed to study a particular eddy field in this area. The hydrographic data was first used to verify the remotely sensed surface temperature field, using three dimensional data visualization. Selected vertical levels from each hydrographic station were then interpolated into a broader, finer resolution grid domain in preparation for an eventual model initialization, using multiquadric interpolation. The results verify the existence of the eddy and show its signature in the vertical to about 300 meters depth. A sensitivity study of interpolation parameters was performed to evaluate approximately the optimal set of parameters, showing that the multiquadric interpolation resolves very well the temperature field in the upper levels and introduces small amplitude, small scale noise in the deeper levels. This noise can be eliminated by a more thorough parameter sensitivity study
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Sejeng, Manare C. "Understanding variability across the Crossroad transect from 3 years (2013 to 2015) of hydrographic data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29425.
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The southwest continental shelf of Africa is characterized by a strong western boundary current with three interdependent components, namely the Agulhas Current, Agulhas Retroflection and Agulhas Return Current. This system plays a key role in setting oceanic conditions south of Africa. The Crossroad transect intersects both the Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current; a monitoring line established in 2013 to sample both the currents and determine inter-ocean fluxes, as well as the influence of the Agulhas Current on the Agulhas Bank shelf. The objective of the study was to examine both mesoscale and submesoscale features that influence the dynamic and variant nature of the Agulhas system. In this study we make use of Ship board Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (SADCP), Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD), Thermosalinograph (TSG) and satellite Sea Surface Height data as main observations for analysis. The study also examines both the spatial and temporal characteristics of water properties across the Crossroad transect. The fundamental findings of the study include the abundance of both the mesoscale and submesoscale features observed in the Agulhas system, which are often overlooked. In addition, a noticeable variability in current measurements was observed, where velocity ranging from 2 to 2.5 m/s represented the Agulhas Current and 1.4 to 1.7 m/s, Agulhas Return Current. The position of the Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current displayed variation from 2013 to 2015, with the Agulhas Return Current exhibiting a meandering pattern in 2014 along the transect. Furthermore, an intrusion of cool (8 to 13 °C), lower salinity (34.8 to 35 psu) South Indian Central Water masses were also observed along the Agulhas Bank. The ability to combine altimetry and in situ data also contributed to the analysis of the results. Therefore, given the inherent advantage of satellite and in situ measurements, an overview of the variability across the Crossroad transect was determined.
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Wilson, Elizabeth B. "Hydrographic and seismic data analysis in the Norwegian Sea and offshore of the Solomon Islands." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798966701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Carvalho, Silvia Méri [UNESP]. "O Diagnóstico físico-conservacionista-DFC como subsídio à gestão ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Quebra-Perna, Ponta Grossa-PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105051.
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Os estudos de Bacias Hidrográficas, como unidade de gestão, estavam inicialmente voltados aos recursos hídricos, mas hoje contemplam também uma gama de aspectos, entre os quais a conservação do solo, o aumento da produtividade, a exploração econômica, as potencialidades turísticas e as relações sociais. A Bacia do Rio Quebra-Perna, objeto desta pesquisa, ocupa a porção leste do município de Ponta Grossa, na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná e abriga, simultaneamente, inúmeros sítios naturais de importância local, regional e nacional além de intensa atividade agrícola, silvicultura, pecuária e remanescentes de vegetação nativa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar os diversos aspectos físicos, bióticos e o uso da terra, visando a elaboração de diretrizes e estratégias de ação para um futuro processo de gestão, foi utilizada a metodologia do Diagnóstico Físico-Conservacionista , adaptada para o Brasil por Beltrame (1994). A metodologia permite, a partir de uma setorização da Bacia, a avaliação de sete parâmetros identificando o estado ambiental da mesma. Os resultados obtidos são unidades de risco de erosão (entre 0 e 100) por setor, sendo que na Bacia do Quebra-Perna os setores A e B apresentaram 33,9 unidades e o setor C 30,1 unidades de risco.
The studies of Hydrographic Basins, as units of management, were first turned to hydro resources, but today, they also contemplate a wider range of aspects, such as, soil conservation, increase of productivity, economic exploitation, tourist potentialities and social relations. The Quebra-Perna River Basin, object of this research, occupies the est side of the outskirts of Ponta Grossa, in the Campos Gerais region, in Paraná, and shelters, simultaneously, several natural sites of local, regional and national importance, besides intense agricultural activity, cattle ranch and remaining native vegetation. The methodology of the Physical-Conservationist Diagnostic, adapted for Brazil by Beltrame (1994), was used with the objective of diagnosing the diverse physical and biotic aspects, as well as the land manipulation, aiming the elaboration of guidelines and action strategies for a future management process. From a section division of the Basin, that methodology allows an evaluation of seven parameters that identify its environment situation. The results obtained are: erosion risk units (between 0 and 100) per sector, being that in the Quebra-Perna Basin, sectors A and B have presented 33,9 of them, and sector C has presented 30,1 risk units.
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Bansah, Daniel K. "Assessing the uncertainty associated with regional groundwater model development for the Fernley/Wadsworth hydrographic basins, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439813.
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Martinez, Ramon P. "Bio-optical and hydrographic characteristics of the western Pacific Ocean for undersea warfare using SEAGLIDER data." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44612.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedAnalysis of hydrographic and optical variability in the western Pacific Ocean region is conducted using data collected by Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) from March 2008 to November 2011. Temporal and spatial patterns of temperature, salinity, optical scattering, and fluorescence were examined. Vertical charts of each variable were produced for environmental and operational characterization. Histograms of the maxima and minima were plotted to examine the frequency of these variables. Furthermore, the vertical correlations among the variables were identified.
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Cunningham, Stuart Andrew. "Circulation and volume flux of the North Atlantic using synoptic hydrographic data in a Bernoulli Inverse." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366422.
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Everard, Cyril. "The Isles of Scilly and the Channel Islands : "bench-mark" hydrographic and geodetic surveys 1689-1980." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1838.
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The English Channel has been both a major maritime artery and a navigator's nightmare for many centuries. Two archipelagoes, the Isles of Scilly to the north and the Channel Islands to the south, have been and remain major hazards. The two archipelagos have long cartographic histories which have yet to be fully documented. The present study is, with two limited exceptions, confined to British official hydrographic surveys and more specifically to those that may be regarded as 'bench-mark' surveys , i. e. surveys that made significant advances in 44& charting the two archipelagoes. The study is further restricted to describing and assessing the progressive attempts to fix accurately the latitudes and longitudes of the two archipelagos and their relationships to west Cornwall on the one hand and the Cotentin peninsula on the other. The emphasis is upon the MS charts, Remark Books and notes etc. of the surveyors. The earliest survey discussed here is that of the Isles of Scilly by Capt Collins in 1689, published in 1693 in his Great Britain's Coasting Pilot, followed by Tovey and Ginver (1731), Robert Heath (1744/1750), Graeme Spence (1792-c1812) Joseph Huddart (1795); Ordnance Survey (Mudge: 1796; Clarke 1858; 1959). The first Channel Islands official hydrographic survey was initiated by Capt Martin White, as late as 1803, but not officially recognised until 1812 and not published until 1824/6; other surveys mentioned are Carte de France (1818-45; ) Begat (1829); Beck (1942-3); Service Hydrographique (1948); Ordnance Survey (1980).
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Lopez, John F. 1971. "The hydrographic city : mapping Mexico City's urban form in relation to its aquatic condition, 1521-1700." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84364.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Architecture: History and Theory of Art)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, September 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2014."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-269).
Mexico City is a special case in urban history because the measures taken by the Aztec and Spanish to avoid inundations have fundamentally changed the city's character. In 1521, it was an island-city; in 1629, it lay near the banks of Lake Mexico; and by 1700, it rested on a reclaimed mainland. This transformation is significant, speaking not only to the flood control approaches of the Aztec and Spanish, but equally important, to how these methods profoundly altered this city's urban condition. Like the Aztec, the Spanish sought to control the six lakes surrounding the city to prevent inundations, yet their approach was quite different. The Aztec relied on containment and regulation, while the Spanish undertook drainage, referred to as the desagüe. Despite the scholarly attention devoted to pre-Columbian and colonial hydraulics, no research examines the relationship between the city's lacustrine environment and its urban transformation. "The Hydrographic City" addresses three key questions: (1) What were the respective flood control approaches of the Aztec and Spanish? (2) How did these approaches shape two different cities? (3) How did the Aztec and the Spanish differ in how they conceived the city's aquatic condition, and what were the epistemological roots of their strategies for coming to terms with it?
by John F. López.
Ph.D.in Architecture: History and Theory of Art
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Senet, Christian M. "Dynamics of dispersive boundaries the determination of spatial hydrographic parameter maps from optical sea surface image sequences /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972400729.
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Juby, Paul Robert. "Hydrographic conditions of a continental shelf region in the Northwest African Upwelling System from in-situ data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19971.
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This study investigates the hydrographic and dynamic properties of the continental shelf region between Cape Juby (28.5 °N) and Agadir (30.4 °N) within the Moroccan Sub-region of the North West African Upwelling System. Data came from two cruises conducted in June (beginning of summer) and November (end of autumn) 2013. Coastal upwelling was obvious in both cruises in the in-situ temperature and salinity data as well as in remotely sensed sea surface temperature maps. ADCP data showed the presence of a strong jet like current associated with enhanced upwelling off Cape Juby. This strong quasi-permanent upwelling center was observed during both cruises. It results from the orientation of this portion of coast which is aligned with the dominant wind direction, as well as a wind intensification near the cape. The presence of a secondary upwelling front was also observed near the shelf break. It was accompanied by an intense baroclinic jet. The EK60 data showed evidence of internal waves as well as small and mesoscale turbulence that were probably strongly interacting with the mean upwelling circulation and made a straightforward interpretation of the data quite challenging. However, this study revealed the main physical processes of this poorly studied region, as well as their seasonal variability.
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Jones, Randolph M. "The Influence of Short-Term Events on the Hydrographic and Biological Structure of the Southwestern Ross Sea." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617963.
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Relative to the rest of the Southern Ocean, the Ross Sea continental shelf experiences very high productivity and phytoplankton biomass, which supports an extensive food web including high concentrations of upper trophic level biomass. Conventional observational methods, including ship-based sampling, instrumented moorings, satellite imagery, and computer-based modelling, have illustrated the seasonal progression of the phytoplankton bloom over the past four decades. While we have been sampling phytoplankton variability in the Ross Sea on a variety of relatively large scales, with observations at specific locations or times, over spans of time, or at specific depths, our understanding of smaller scales of variability (on the order of a few hours or several kilometers) is still poor. Utilizing two seasons (2010-2011 and 2012-2013) of high-resolution autonomous glider deployments in the southwestern Ross Sea, I examined the mechanisms driving both the transitions between stages of the phytoplankton bloom and the short-term perturbations in average 0-50 m chlorophyll. By including the available raw fluorescence data from both glider seasons and three mooring seasons, I determined that the 2012-2013 season had greater than average variability, with greater levels of variability observed in only two other seasons. Differences in the timing of bloom transitions were relatively constrained; the transition from bloom to post-bloom levels occurred within a temporal span of 6 d. These findings were likely the result of the location of the 2012-2013 glider adjacent to Ross Island and the Ross Ice Shelf, where complex bathymetry, turbulent flows, and the presence of an ice field contributed to the greater observed variability. To investigate the mechanisms driving the short-term perturbations in chlorophyll, I examined the relationships between average chlorophyll, average temperature, and mixed layer depth measured by the gliders and wind speed measured by two automatic weather stations atop the Ross Ice Shelf. Over the course of the 2012-2013 season, perturbations or responses in chlorophyll were heavily influenced by the degree of temporal coupling between wind events and the depth of mixing. Longer delays of 12-24 h observed prior to the biomass maximum shortened following the transition to biomass dissipation to 2-12 h. Furthermore, by causing aggregate formation and rapid vertical flux, physical forcing factors contributed to the observed short-term perturbations through reductions in biomass in surface layers and the appearance of chlorophyll in deeper layers. These results suggest that the small-scale observing capabilities of autonomous gliders allow for an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive variability and short-term perturbations in shallow chlorophyll in the southwestern Ross Sea.
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Sardinha, Diego de Souza [UNESP]. "Avaliação do intemperismo químico e influências antropogênicas na bacia do Alto Sorocaba (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92862.
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Este trabalho visou efetuar um estudo sobre o intemperismo químico na bacia do Alto Sorocaba (SP). A taxa de intemperismo das rochas é um parâmetro importante na caracterização geomorfológica dos continentes, sendo empregadas várias ferramentas na sua avaliação. Para tanto, neste trabalho foram utilizados a concentração de urânio, a razão de atividade 234U/238U e os principais cátions em amostras de água, solo e rochas da bacia. A bacia do Alto Sorocaba apresenta vários problemas ambientais que interferem na qualidade das águas pluviais e fluviais, neste sentido, o balanço geoquímico efetuado utilizando os principais cátions apresentou alguns inconvenientes. No entanto, a taxa de intemperismo utilizando o modelo isotópico do urânio correspondeu a 13,9 μm/ano, a qual indica que são necessários 72.000 anos para alterar 1m de rocha. Quanto aos problemas ambientais identificados na bacia do Alto Sorocaba por atividades antrópicas, as causas principais foram a sua má utilização e falta de planejamento. Sob esse aspecto, medidas de curto, médio e longo prazo devem ser tomadas, visando à utilização racional dos recursos naturais da bacia.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the chemical weathering in the Alto Sorocaba basin (SP). The weathering rate in rocks is an important parameter on the geomorphological characterization of the continents and therefore, several tools may be used for its evaluation. Thus, this work utilized data on the uranium concentration, the 234U/238U activity ratio and the major cations concentration for samples of waters, soils and rocks from this basin. The Alto Sorocaba basin has serious environmental problems in terms of the quality of the rain and river waters, in this direction, the geochemical balance using the main cations presented some inconveniences. However the weathering rate utilizing the uranium isotopes modeling corresponded to 13,9 μm/year, which indicates that is necessary 72,000 years to weather 1 m of rock. Concerning to the environmental problems identified in the Alto Sorocaba basin, due to anthropogenic activities, the major causes had been its bad use and lack of planning. Under this aspect, short, medium and long run initiatives must be considered, aiming to the rational use of the natural resources in the basin.
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Carvalho, Silvia Méri. "O Diagnóstico físico-conservacionista-DFC como subsídio à gestão ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Quebra-Perna, Ponta Grossa-PR /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105051.
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Orientador: Nilza Aparecida Freres StippResumo: Os estudos de Bacias Hidrográficas, como unidade de gestão, estavam inicialmente voltados aos recursos hídricos, mas hoje contemplam também uma gama de aspectos, entre os quais a conservação do solo, o aumento da produtividade, a exploração econômica, as potencialidades turísticas e as relações sociais. A Bacia do Rio Quebra-Perna, objeto desta pesquisa, ocupa a porção leste do município de Ponta Grossa, na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná e abriga, simultaneamente, inúmeros sítios naturais de importância local, regional e nacional além de intensa atividade agrícola, silvicultura, pecuária e remanescentes de vegetação nativa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar os diversos aspectos físicos, bióticos e o uso da terra, visando a elaboração de diretrizes e estratégias de ação para um futuro processo de gestão, foi utilizada a metodologia do Diagnóstico Físico-Conservacionista , adaptada para o Brasil por Beltrame (1994). A metodologia permite, a partir de uma setorização da Bacia, a avaliação de sete parâmetros identificando o estado ambiental da mesma. Os resultados obtidos são unidades de risco de erosão (entre 0 e 100) por setor, sendo que na Bacia do Quebra-Perna os setores A e B apresentaram 33,9 unidades e o setor C 30,1 unidades de risco.
Abstract: The studies of Hydrographic Basins, as units of management, were first turned to hydro resources, but today, they also contemplate a wider range of aspects, such as, soil conservation, increase of productivity, economic exploitation, tourist potentialities and social relations. The Quebra-Perna River Basin, object of this research, occupies the est side of the outskirts of Ponta Grossa, in the Campos Gerais region, in Paraná, and shelters, simultaneously, several natural sites of local, regional and national importance, besides intense agricultural activity, cattle ranch and remaining native vegetation. The methodology of the Physical-Conservationist Diagnostic, adapted for Brazil by Beltrame (1994), was used with the objective of diagnosing the diverse physical and biotic aspects, as well as the land manipulation, aiming the elaboration of guidelines and action strategies for a future management process. From a section division of the Basin, that methodology allows an evaluation of seven parameters that identify its environment situation. The results obtained are: erosion risk units (between 0 and 100) per sector, being that in the Quebra-Perna Basin, sectors A and B have presented 33,9 of them, and sector C has presented 30,1 risk units.
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Sonegatti, Odair. "Análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco - Oeste do Estado do Paraná /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96731.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson Luis PiroliBanca: Antonio Cezar Leal
Banca: Salvador Carpi Júnior
Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa foi a análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco localizada no oeste paranaense, uma das regiões de maior produção de grãos e suínos do Estado. Através de observações e mapeamento procurou-se conhecer a forma com que os agricultores estão trabalhando o solo, o tipo de agricultura e pecuária e a preservação das matas ciliares das nascentes e dos corpos d'água. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em algumas etapas principais que foram: revisão de literatura, busca de informações nos órgãos responsáveis, delimitação e georreferenciamento da área de estudo, com relação aos solos e à hidrografia e levantamento do uso atual da terra sobre as imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida por Piroli (2002). Utilizamos também os parâmetros cobertura vegetal atual (CA), erosividade da chuva (E) e a densidade de drenagem (DD), como proposto por Beltrame (1994) para o Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista (DFC). Como resultados das análises das características físicas da bacia, obtivemos características morfométricas, características hidrográficas da bacia e análise do uso das terras nas APPs. Constatamos que a bacia hidrográfica do rio Marreco, apresenta recomposição das matas ciliares nas cabeceiras de nascentes e respeito às faixas de preservação dos corpos d'água, e os agricultores aplicam técnicas conservacionistas para o preparo do solo.
Abstract: The goal of this research was the Marreco River's hydrographic environmental analysis of western Parana state, Brazil, one of the productive regions in grains and swine raising. Through observations and mapping this work intended to identify how the farmers are working their soil, the kind of agriculture and cattle raising and the preservation of gallery forests of their souces and courses. This work was developed in some steps which include: literature revision, information search in the responsible organs, delimitation and georeferencing of the study area, related to soil and hydrography, besides collecting the real use of the soil on the images captured by satellite. For the elaboration of the maps, the methodology used was based on Piroli (2002). We have also used the parameters of present vegetal covering (CA), rain erosion (E) and the density of drainage (DD) as proposed by Beltrame (1994) for the Conservationist Physical Diagnosis - DFC. As a result of the physical characteristics analyses of the river system, we obtained the use of the soil in the APPs. We identified that Marreco River's hydrographic system presents a recomposition of the gallery forests on the river sources and a strict respect to the preservation bounds of the systems, and the agriculturalists apply conservationist techniques for preparing the soil.
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French, Shirley E. "Influence of hydrographic properties in Saanich Inlet on ontogenetic migration and retainment of the calanoid copepod Neocalanus plumchrus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27925.
Full textAbstract:
During some years Neocalanus plumchrus overwinters in Saanich Inlet while in other years they are absent from the fjord (Harrison et al., 1983). The cause of this variation is not known but the annual development of anoxic conditions followed by an intrusion of dense, oxygenated water, was suspected to influence their distribution and abundance. Vertical and horizontal haul samples collected from Saanich Inlet indicated the overwintering population in 1985 (September 1985 to March 1986) was sparse; in September 1986 the population of N. plumchrus was comparably low.
In the spring and summer, N. plumchrus is introduced from the Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait, and in some years may arise from reproduction within the inlet. So few adults were collected at the three stations in Saanich Inlet in January-March 1986 (<0.20 m⁻³) that their potential contribution to the spring population was considered negligible. Decline in the overwintering population in September 1985 and 1986 appears to be correlated with the occurrence of an extensive deep water renewal. The distribution of N. plumchrus during early stages of their deep water migration (June to August), is influenced by the low oxygen concentrations in the bottom of the inlet (i.e. 0.10-0.30 mL L⁻¹). During the renewal, copepods occurred above the oxygen minimum (75 m) possibly due to their displacement or their avoidance of the low oxygen zone. Subsequently, they were exposed to tidal transport out of the inlet and perhaps to increased predation.
On two occasions in which N. plumchrus was present during the winter in Saanich Inlet (1969 & 1974), a high volume of dense water intruded, disrupting the copepod layer during the mixing of the two water masses. Even though a greater volume of water left the inlet some of the copepods could have remained in the water, below sill depth.
Neocalanus plumchrus successfully overwinters and reproduces in Sechelt Inlet which is well-oxygenated but has a very shallow sill (15 m) that 'locks' the copepods into the inlet. The fifth copepodite stages also occupy deeper depths in Sechelt Inlet than in Saanich Inlet, even though the bottom depths are comparable.
In low oxygen tolerance experiments many factors such as the period of captivity, and the region of origin (i.e. Saanich Inlet versus the Strait of Georgia) caused variable results. Although the minimum oxygen level tolerable during their migration could not be determined, N. plumchrus tolerated levels as low as 0.56 mL L⁻¹ (12% mortality). Sediment trap samples indicate that a massive die off could not account for the loss of N. plumchrus from Saanich Inlet.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
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Markones, Nele [Verfasser]. "Habitat selection of seabirds in a highly dynamic coastal sea : temporal variation and influence of hydrographic features / Nele Markones." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019621605/34.
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