Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrographie – Atlantique (océan ; nord)'
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Desprès, Agnès. "Les fronts de méso-échelle dans la mer d'Irminger : origine dynamique et variabilité." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066162.
Full textColas, François. "Circulation et dispersion lagrangiennes en Atlantique nord-est." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2010.
Full textThe North-Eastern Atlantic circulation, complex and not well-known, is studied with an intensive use of lagrangian data collected during the ARCANE program, at North-Atlantic Central Waters (NACW) and Mediterranean Water (MW) depths. The study is conducted from the basin-scale to the meso-scale. The first part of the thesis describes new mean circulation solutions over the basin and in the west IberiaBay of Biscay region with also seasonal solutions. The influence of meso-scale eddies on the dynamics is underlined. A more specific study of the continental slope current system, with lagrangian and eulerian data and with' numerical solution from POP model, shows seasonal variations of the poleward slope current notably at the MW level. These variations are, at least partially, thought to be driven by the annual wind variations. It suggests a possible seasonality of the eddy formation. The second part of this work consists in studying the turbulent field by its dispersive processes, which are of importance in such a weak mean circulation field. The absolute dispersion reveals an anomalous superdiffusive behaviour at intermediate times. This behaviour is caused by the meso-scale eddies influence and an explanation in terra of Levy Flights is suggested. The relative dispersion study shows two distinct regimes, not often observed in the ocean, and we discuss their origin and significance: an exponential separation ai initial times followed by a Richardson regime at intermediate times. These two complementary visions allow us to get a more precise insight in the dispersive processes in the region
Karleskind, Pierre. "Bilan en carbone, oxygène et nutriments dans l'Atlantique nord-est : influence de la petite et de la moyenne échelle." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2053.
Full textPommier, Alexis. "Analyse objective de la dynamique aerologique de basses couches dans l'espace Atlantique Nord : mécanismes et évolution de 1950 à 2000." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_pommier_a.pdf.
Full textThe synoptic activity analysis at surface layer (after reconstruction by algorithm), during the period 1950-2000, on the North Atlantic region permits to justify the hypothesis according to which the climatic variability can be to explain by Highs and Lows behavior evolutions. The exams of the two data bases (Highs and Lows) allow: to have a better knowledge of the evolution of the different features of the Highs and Lows for every time scales, to set up a winter (JFM) general circulation scheme at surface layer showing the oscillation during the period between two patterns. Weak pattern from 1950 to 1970 and Strong pattern from 1970 to 2000. To create an index: North Atlantic Aerological Dynamic Index (NADI) summarizing the atmospheric intensity for every time scales. This index is able to avoid some limits of the reference index (e. G. NAO) and so permits to improve the understanding of the internal mechanisms of the atmospheric dynamic, to clarify the parameters involved in the occurrence of the deep Lows. Therefore, this work improves the knowledge of the atmospheric dynamic at surface layer (mechanisms and evolution) over the North Atlantic region from 1950 to 2000
Mémery, Laurent. "Traceurs transitoires et circulation generale : etude du tritium dans l'atlantique nord." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066346.
Full textFidalgo, González Luis. "La cinématique de l'Atlantique nord : la question de la déformation intraplaque." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2035.
Full textThe kinematic reconstructions of the North Atlantic present the problem of the fit north and south of the Faeroe-Iceland-Greenland Ridge. The reconstructions obtained using fracture zones as the primary structure for tectonic reconstructions, confirm the existence of discontinuities at several scales on kinematic fits. Geological data allow these discontinuities to be interpreted in terms of intraplate deformation. The model presented offers a chronology for this deformation and tries to quantify it. In addition to well known compressional intraplate deformation, this model proposes significant extensional deformation in the oceanic lithosphere west of Iberia. It confirms the abrupt deceleration of African plate motion towards Europe between anomalies C31 and C24. Finally, this model proposes a mixed crustal affinity (oceanic and continental) for the Rockall Plateau, similar to oceanic plateaus in the Indian Ocean
Pailler, Delphine. "Paléoproductivité océanique au cours des derniers cycles glaciaires : implications climatiques et préservation de la matière organique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30012.
Full textOrganic carbon, carbonate and alkenones (special biomolecules produced by the coccolithophorids algae) contents of sediment cores from the Iberian margin provide a semi-quantitative estimate for marine productivity during the last 140 000 years. During glacialperiods and terminations, increased productivity and colder alkenone-estimates of sea surface temperature suggest an intensification of the coastal upwelling. Following the changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic, the upwelling is weaker during interglacial periods. During the last glaciation, these changes are frequently interrupted by brief, cold and poorly productive events probably related to the Heinrich events, the coldest periods of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and the most extensive glacial conditions. Close to the Maldives, in the eastern part of the equatorial Arabian Sea, the concentrations of marine organic matter and redox sensitive trace elements (uranium, cadmium, molybdenum) display simultaneous increases every 23 000 years, during low summer insolation of the northern hemisphere. .
Garnier, Valérie. "Variabilité mésoéchelle de l'Atlantique Nord à partir des données altimétriques topex-poseidon : étude de l'influence du vent ers1." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2038.
Full textForget, Gaël. "Profils ARGO et assimilation 4DVAR pour le suivi climatique de l'Océan Nord Atlantique." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2005.
Full textDeployed in recent years, the autonomous profilers ARGO array aims to monitor the global ocean climatic variability. We here consider the temperature and salinity profiles provided by ARGO during 2002/2003 in the North Atlantic Ocean, which is of major importance for the thermohaline circulation and the climate. Using (4DVAR) assimilation in a general circulation model, we show that the ARGO profiles can actually improve our knowledge of the climatic state (hydrography and circulation) of the ocean. Through assimilation experiments with model simulated profiles, we assess the skills of such a data set and validate the method. With a large simulated representativity error and a realistic number of profiles, we show that the assimilation captures the large scale anomalies of the hydrography and the circulation. We discuss the results regarding the data spatial sampling. Then we move confidently to the assimilation of the real data. Even though the model and the error sources are respectively imperfect and uncertain in this case, the estimation system behaves as in the idealized experiments. Using independant validations, we prove that the assimilation of actual ARGO profiles provides an estimate of the 2002/2003 hydrography that is more precise than a climatology. Moreover, replacing the ARGO profiles by climatological ones, we show that the assimilation system is able to reproduce the variability of a front position or of water mass properties. The assimilation of the actual ARGO profiles clearly improves the one year model circulation too, even, though we do not modify the wind forcing. Assimilating climatological information only in parts of the domain, we analyse the hydrographic constraint on the circulation
Paillet, Jérôme. "Eau modale et ventilation océanique en Atlantique nord-est." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2004.
Full textFernández, Ibáñez Camila. "Cycle de l'azote et production primaire dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est : suivi saisonnier et influence de la méso échelle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22096.
Full textCosson, Nathalie. "Structure et diversité des peuplements benthiques profonds en réponse à des situations trophiques contrastées dans l'océan Atlantique nord-est tropical et tempéré." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2045.
Full textWary, Mélanie. "Rôle des conditions océaniques et des ice-shelves en périphérie des calottes européennes lors des événements climatiques abrupts de la dernière période glaciaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0316/document.
Full textThe last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic events known as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. Many studies have focused on this millennial climatic variability, but several uncertainties remain. The present work aims at improving our knowledge on this topic through the study of the hydrographical changes recorded in two marine archives retrieved off Faeroes. Our main results, based on a multiproxy approach, reveal a paradoxical scheme in the Norwegian Sea where cold episodes (stadials, including Heinrich events) are characterized by relatively warm sea-surface temperatures (especially during summer) and a reduced sea-ice cover, and warm periods (interstadials) are marked by a reverse pattern with cold sea surface conditions and extended sea ice cover. The atypical stadial features seem to be related to enhanced advection of warm Atlantic waters in the Nordic Seas, combined to a subpolar North-Atlantic and adjacent seas basin-wide subsurface warming. These two processes seem to play a key role in the destabilization of boreal ice-shelves and ice-sheets, and in fine to their final collapse and subsequent iceberg discharges. Our work also allows us to identify the main mechanisms responsible for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation changes and associated atmospheric temperature variations. On the basis of our results and of those coming from previous studies, we thus propose a new hydrographical scenario which could explain the abrupt climate events of the last glacial period
Cayre, Olivia. "Reconstitutions paléocéanographiques au quaternaire récent à partir de l'analyse quantitative des foraminifères planctoniques dans l'Océan Indien et dans l'Atlantique du Nord-Est." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30110.
Full textDubus, Laurent. "Instabilité barocline des courants méridiens de la zone intergyre en Atlantique nord-est : impacts sur la circulation de grande échelle et mélange de traceur associé." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2043.
Full textThomas, Bertrand. "Etude des terres rares associées aux particules et sédiments marins, cas de la marge continentale du Golfe de Gascogne (Atlantique N. -E. ) et de la dorsale médio-Atlantique (37o-38o)." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3019.
Full textLouarn, Essyllt. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation des masses d'eau profondes en Atlantique Nord en relation avec le climat : utilisation des traceurs transitoires halocarbonés." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2035.
Full textThe North Atlantic deep circulation variability is studied regarding global change. The variability is assessed using halocarbonated tracers (CFC-11, CFC-1 2, CFC-113 and CC14) and studying hydrographic cruises spanning from 1991 to 2006. In this work, water mass formation (Mediterranean Sea Water and Labrador Sea Water) and North Atlantic deep water masses properties and transport variability are studied. First, in the Gulf of Cadiz, the presence of a old and high-silicate water, caracterized as Antarctic lntermediate Water, is observed. That water is seen as participating to the lower Mediterranean Sea Water out of the Gulf. The formation site of the upper Labrador Sea Water is observed wider than formerly considered. It forms every year in the central Labrador Sea, that zone, under certain conditions, extends to the north South of Greenland (2005). Under severe wintertime, deep convection can occur in the Imminger Sea as observed in this study in 1997 and 2002. Second, the variability of the Labrador Sea Water is high since the 90’s. A reduction of the maximal convection depth is observed, at the same time the CFC-1 1 transport decreased at the level of the LSW. The Denmark Strait Overflow Water variability observed in the lmminger Sea is linked to a change in proportion of different waters composing it, in particular the presence of Polar Surface Water. Finally the CFC-11 fluxes north of the North Atlantic show a diminution of the air-sea exchange above that area especially in 2006 due to a decrease of the winter mixed layer depth, supporting a decrease of the uptake of anthropogenic carbon in that area
Allain, Valérie. "Écologie, biologie et exploitation des populations de poissons profonds de l'Atlantique du nord-est." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2023.
Full textPenduff, Thierry. "Etude de la dynamique de l'Atlantique nord-est à l'aide d'un modèle numérique régional." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2031.
Full textCzaja, Arnaud. "Sur les interactions ocean atmosphere dans l'atlantique nord et la variabilite de la thermocline." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066454.
Full textDrévillon, Marie. "Interaction océan-atmosphère à l'échelle saisonnière sur la région Atlantique-Nord-Europe : rôle des routes dépressionnaires et mécansimes associés sur la variabilité climatique." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30224.
Full textObservational studies reveal a lagged relationship between mid latitude North Atlantic summer Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and next winter atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic Europe (NAE) region. Another interaction is found between autumn tropical Atlantic SST and next winter atmospheric circulation in the NAE region. A model study with a hierarchy of models, complexifying towards a more realistic ocean, together with a set of storm track activity diagnostics, are used to show the central role played by the storm track in the ocean-atmosphere interaction processes inducing those lagged relationships. Long coupled atmosphere-ocean experiments (150 years) show that these mechanisms have an impact on longer time scales variability (decadal to centenary)
Moreno, Eva. "Propriétés magnétiques des sédiments de la marge du Portugal : traceurs des variations climatiques et océanographiques en Atlantique Nord depuis 340 000 ans." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30050.
Full textMagnetic properties of sediments cored along the Portugal Margin have been analyzed and compared to other paleoenviromental indicators in order to reconstruct the climatic variations and oceanic regimes in the North Atlantic during the past 340 000 years. Three mechanisms of mineral transport have been identified : 1) iceberg rafting responsible for IRD (Ice Rafted Detritus) deposition , 2) eolian transport of dust and 3) deep water currents responsible for the transport of fine-grained magnetic minerals. The IRD contain a magnetic fraction (Ti-magnetite) associated with quartz and silicate grains. Their rhythmicity determined by the collapse of Northern ice caps, varies between 5 000 and 11 000 years. The precisely dated IRD layers identified by peaks Sl to S4 are contemporaneous with the Heinrich events HI to H4. IRD layers have also been identified during stages 5, 6 and 7, showing the existence of Heinrich-like events
Louvel, Véronique. "Les marges conjuguées de l'Atlantique Nord : structure et modélisation de l'ouverture océanique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13017.
Full textConil, Sébastien. "Modélisation de l'influence océanique sur la variablilité atmosphérique dans la région Atlantique Nord Europe." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066068.
Full textLaurent, Carine. "Variabilité climatique basse-fréquence simulée en Atlantique Nord par un modèle couplé océan-atmosphère." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066524.
Full textBeaugrand, Grégory. "Biodiversité pélagique et changements hydroclimatiques dans l'océan Atlantique Nord." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066390.
Full textDrouineau, Hilaire. "Développement et ajustement d’un modèle de dynamique des populations structuré en longueur et spatialisé appliqué au stock Nord de merlu (Merluccius merluccius)." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARH073.
Full textLegeleux, Françoise. "Relations entre particules marines et message sédimentaire : flux de matière dans la colonne d'eau et transformations à l'interface eau-sédiments dans l'océan atlantique tropical de Nord-Est." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066397.
Full textBoisséson, Éric de. "Les eaux modales du gyre subpolaire de l’Atlantique Nord : origine, formation, variabilité." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2001.
Full textThe subpolar mode waters of the North Atlantic ocean play a key role in the general oceanic surface circulation. Their life cycle bas only been described from an average of observations collected during several decades. This description avoids the real time scale of the life cycle of the mode waters and smooths their variability. This thesis work deals with these two parameters by analysing both the ORCA025-G70 model fields and the observations. The lagrangian analysis of the ORCAO25-G70 fields highlights the key role of the North Atlantic current in the life cycle of the mode waters. The time scales of this cycle are very short. The surface atmospheric fluxes and the mixing are the formation processes of the mode waters. These ones are rapidly advected by the North Atlantic Current toward the areas of deep convection. If the mode water formation is driven by the atmospheric fluxes, the mode Water variability le driven by the advection. This variability is linked to the variable intensity of the main branches of the North Atlantic current in the subpolar gyre. These variations are linked to the variable influence of the subpolar and subtropical contributions to the mode water feeding. This relative influence is responsible for the great changes in the subpolar mode water properties observed in the past decades. The processes describes by the model are close to the observations. Therefore, we consider from a heat budget calculation that the Argo array should be able to provide a precise description of the mode water formation and variability on a pentadal to decadal time scale
Royer, Juliette. "Modélisation des stocks de céphalopodes de Manche." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2048.
Full textCharria, Guillaume. "Influence des ondes de Rossby sur le système biogéochimique de l'Océan Atlantique Nord : utilisation des données couleur de l'eau et d'un modèle couplé physique/biogéochimie." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30268.
Full textThe marine phytoplankton in the ocean represents only less than 1% of global biomass. Phytoplankton performs half of all photosynthesis. This autotrophic biomass in ocean is then an essential element in the climate regulation through processes as carbon dioxide absorption during the photosynthesis. Therefore, we need to estimate precisely this biomass as well as the processes which affect it. Using remotely sensed data (altimetry and ocean colour) and a coupled physical/biogeochemical model (MERCATOR-OPA/NPZDDON), Rossby waves and their influence on phytoplankton biomass are specifically studied in the North Atlantic Ocean. Their features and their influences on surface chlorophyll concentrations were analysed. Through the different mechanisms identified, we estimated that these waves can induce local increases from 60% to 150% of the estimated primary production
Jamet, Quentin. "Variabilité de l'Atlantique Nord dans un modèle couplé idéalisé : L'Oscillation Multidécennale Atlantique." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0071/document.
Full textAt multidecadal time-scales, the principal mode of variability in the North Atlantic is referred to as the AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation). It is revealed by oceanic observations, but its origin remains unclear. Some studies describe the AMO as an oceanic mode forced by the atmosphere, while other studies describe the AMO as an intrinsic oceanic mode. This significant disagreement mainly results from the methods that are used by these different studies, i.e statistical analysis of observations and climate models data vs. idealized simulations and sensitivity experiments.In this PhD thesis, we focus on mechanisms that drive the low frequency North Atlantic variability in a range of simulations. Three coupled configurations of the MITgcm are integrated, with horizontal resolution of 4°, 2° and 1° (in both the ocean and the atmosphere). The idealized oceanic geometry is a flat bottom, with two meridional boundaries that delimit a small basin, comparable to the Atlantic. All these three configurations reproduce a 30-40 year variability of the Atlantic MOC (Meridional Overturning Circulation), associated with large scale Rossby waves that travel across the small basin. This variability remains in ocean-only experiments. The North Atlantic oceanic variability in these simulations is then intrinsically driven.Furthermore, increasing the horizontal resolution strengthen the ocean-atmosphere coupling, with a NAO (NorthAtlantic Oscillation) that becomes significantly correlated to the MOC two years latter at 1°. Such correlations are usually found in most climate models and observations. Some studies then infer that the oceanic variability is forced by the atmosphere.Nevertheless, our sensitivity experiments to ocean-atmosphere coupling highlight that correlations do not necessarily imply causality. These experiments provide a relatively simple and illustrating example. They show that significant lag correlations can be misleading for the identification of driving processes in the context of North Atlantic low frequency variability.The intrinsic oceanic variability is investigated in terms of large scale baroclinic instabilities with two methods: a diagnostic approach (variance budget) and a prognostic approach (local stability analysis). The diagnostic approach aims to characterize the oceanic variability that develop in the non-linear model. The prognostic approach aims to identify the normal modes of the oceanic mean state, in the quasi-geostrophic framework. Taking into account the turbulent viscosity in the stability analysis increases the consistency with the non-linear model solutions. We finally interpret the origin of large scale Rossby waves that travel across the small basin, as a baroclinic instability of the eastern boundary
Roger, Jean. "Tsunamis générés par des séismes au niveau de la zone de collision entre les plaques africaine et eurasienne : études de cas pour l'évaluation du risque tsunami en Méditerranée occidentale et Atlantique nord." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066050.
Full textOuld, El Kettab Mustapha. "La pêcherie des gadidés de mer celtique : description, analyse de l'exploitation et évaluation des stocks : tentative de gestion par un modèle bioéconomique." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2019.
Full textPouzet, Pierre. "Etude des paléoévènements extrêmes le long de la côte atlantique française : approches sédimentologiques, dendrochronologiques et historiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2035/document.
Full textThis study aims to develop several methodological approaches to rebuild past extreme events at the Holocene, millennial and Anthropocene timescales. The methodology is based on a multidisciplinary approach using sedimentology, dendrochronology, climatology and climate history. These approaches were applied to three study sites: the island of Yeu, the Traicts du Croisic and the Petite mer de Gâvres. Several ancient extreme events have been identified and correlated to one another thanks to the multidisciplinary approach. At the Holocene scale, periods of strong stormy impacts seem to be bound to the North Atlantic cooling phases: 600-300, 1700-1100, 2900-2500, 3500-3300, 5500-5100 and 7700-7100 cal y BP. At the millennial scale, however, the connections between the climate change of the Little Ice Age and the North Atlantic Oscillation are more difficult to comprehend. The coupling of sedimentological data with historical archives characterizes sixteen extreme events with high environmental and societal impacts. One of these events, which occurred during the winter of 1351-1352 (n.st) AD, has been qualified as a « Millennium event ». At the Antropocene scale, the sedimentological analysis brings to light four major dates: 1990, 1972, 1940 and 1896 AD. The dendrochronological analysis proved there have been nineteen stormy winters since 1955 AD, which have been confirmed by meteorological archives and reanalysis data. These different approaches enable us to increase with more accuracy our knowledge of coastal hazards
Tachikawa, Kazuyo. "Apport des concentrations de terres rares et des compositions isotopiques de néodyme à l'étude de processus dans la colonne d'eau : cas de l'Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est (sites EUMELI)." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30172.
Full textVéron, Alain. "Dynamique du transfert du plomb dans l'océan atlantique Nord-Est depuis l'atmosphère jusqu'au sédiment." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112025.
Full textLe, Roy Emilie. "Distribution des radionucléides naturels (226Ra et 227Ac) le long de la section GA01 dans l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30226.
Full textThe Subpolar North Atlantic, being a region of deep water mass formation, is a key region for the global thermohaline circulation and is thus sensitive to climate change. In this context, the GEOVIDE cruise was carried out between Portugal, Greenland and Newfoundland as part of the GEOTRACES program (GA01; May 15 to June 30, 2014-R/V Pourquoi Pas?). This cruise, which crossed different topographic features and biogeochemical regions, provided a unique framework for the study of i) ocean mixing, ii) transport of water masses and iii) inputs of chemical elements released by the sediments deposited onto continental margins. Naturally occurring radionuclides is used as tracers: radium-226 (226Ra, t1/2 = 1602 y) and actinium-227 (227Ac, t1/2 = 21.7 y). Due to their different half-lives, these radionuclides behave differently in the ocean and can be used to study these various processes. First, a detailed section of dissolved 226Ra activities associated with dissolved barium (Ba) concentration is reported. Because 226Ra and Ba have been widely used as tracers of water masses and ocean mixing, their behavior in this crucial region is investigated more thoroughly. The use of the 226Ra/Ba ratio as a chronometer of the global circulation is evaluated using an optimum multiparameter analysis. Results show that 226Ra and Ba distributions mainly result from conservative mixing, notably at intermediate depths (i.e., away from the ocean interfaces). 226Ra and Ba can thus be considered as conservative tracers of water mass transport in the ocean interior at basin scales. However, at the ocean boundaries 226Ra and Ba displayed non-conservative behaviors due to sedimentary, river and possibly hydrothermal inputs. Suspended particles that form in the upper water column which settle to the seafloor may also impact the distributions of 226Ra and Ba. Second, the behavior of 227Ac in the North Atlantic is investigated. 227Ac is primarily released by deep-sea sediments. Due to the low abundance of 227Ac in seawater, the analysis of this radionuclide requires the use of high-sensitivity, low-background instruments and the collection of large volume samples.[...]
Mercier-Castiaux, Monique. "Etude de la sédimentation argileuse tertiaire dans le bassin belgo-franco-anglais : comparaison avec l'océan Atlantique Nord." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10158.
Full textBouinot, Thomas. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne dans l’Océan Atlantique Nord au cours des 2000 dernières années." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112322/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to study the surface oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean during the last 2,000 years, and its link with the intensity of the subpolar and the subtropical gyres. To fulfill these objectives, I studied sediment cores with a high sedimentation rate to reconstruct the multidecadal variability of the temperature and the water column stratification, controlled by the dynamic of oceanic gyres. To improve the marine paleoclimatic signal recorded from planktonic foraminifera, I constrained their growing season and their calcification depth by analyzing the oxygen isotopic composition of their calcitic shells. I also established calibrations between Mg/Ca ratio and temperature for the main species used.I applied these calibrations to reconstruct the hydrological conditions in key areas of the North Atlantic Ocean. I constructed an index of the subpolar gyre that traduces the dynamic intensity of the subpolar gyre and the subtropical gyre. I also studied the variability of the upper water column based on the analysis of deep-dwelling foraminifera. I interpret past changes in the water column stratification as resulting from changes in the intensity of Westerly winds. The similarities between the wind forcing evolution and the index of the subpolar gyre dynamics led me to propose a coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere on the multidecadal time scale. The consequences of the gyres dynamic on heat transport and the impacts of the change in westerly wind strength on European climate are studied in the last part of the manuscript
Giusti, Marion. "Apport des données hydroacoustiques pour l'étude de la sismicité de la dorsale médio-Atlantique nord." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0023/document.
Full textThe mid-ocean ridge is caracterised by a seismicity of low magnitude generated by multiple volcanic and tectonic episodes. Autonomous hydrophones arrays along large ridge sections are efficient to record low seismicity contrary to landbased stations. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, several hydroacoustic experiments have been realised since 1999 that supply long term records.This thesis is based on the acquisition and the treatment of new data. The analysis of teleseismic and hydroacoustic catalogues combined with bathymetric and gravimetric data, have contributed to the characterisation of accretionary processes along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This PhD work allowed : (1) to research parameters responsable of a seismicity difference between groups of Mid-Atlantic Ridge segments; (2) to propose a new southern limit of the Azores hotspot influence ; (3) to identify and define different types of seafloor spreading processes based on seismic crisis interpretations ; (4) to highlight a large magmatic crisis and a magmatic intrusion across a non-transform discontinuity ; and (5) to propose dominant seafloor spreading processes from a spatio-temporal seismicity analysis along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The entire study shows the value of large spatial and temporal seismicity catalogues to broaden our knowledge on : the dynamic of the ridge segments, the interactions between the ridge axis and the hotspot and the recurrence of the seafloor spreading processes
Ferreira, David. "Couplage océan-atmosphère dans les moyennes latitudes." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066521.
Full textBaltzer, Agnès. "Dynamique sédimentaire des marges de nouvelle Ecosse et des entreés de la Manche au quaternaire." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2027.
Full textGourcuff, Claire. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation du gyre subpolaire de l’Atlantique Nord à partir des données Ovide et des mesures satellitaires." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2042.
Full textThe cyclonic circulation of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, between 50°N and 63°N, plays a key role in the climate variability. The Ovide program contributes to the observation of the circulation in this region. A section is repeated every two years in summer since 2002 between Greenland and Portugal following a path close the Fourex 1997 section. To get transport estimates across the sections, a geostrophic box inverse model is used, constrained with direct current measurements. Our new estimates of Fourex transports show the need to use constraints temporally associated with the section to get transports estimates representative of the circulation at the section realisation dates. It is also shown that altimetry velocities can be used instead of ADCP measurements to get transports across sections with the inverse model, provided that the a priori errors is correctly evaluated. Analysis of circulation across Ovide 2006 section display significantly weaker transports compared to 1997, 2002 and 2004, for aIl the main currents as well as for the Meridional Overturning Cell and the heat transport. Altimetry is used to interpret surface variability along the Ovide section from 1992 to 2007. An index is defined, which seems to indicate that northward surface transport was especially low during the whole year 2006 and turn back to less extreme values in the following years. Variability in freshwater fluxes across Fourex 1997, Ovide 2002, 2004 and 2006 sections is revealed in the last chapter, together with the EGCC position. This coastal current transport represents 15% of the total freshwater transport across the section
Dreher, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'analyse spectrale de la bathymétrie et de la gravimétrie en domaine océanique : apports à l'étude de la rhéologie de la lithosphère de l'atlantique nord-est." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2056.
Full textDombrowsky, Eric. "Circulation méso-echelle dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord-Est : observation et assimilation intermittente de données altimétriques dans un modèle quasi-géostrophique." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30214.
Full textBout-Roumazeilles, Viviane. "Relations entre variabilités minéralogiques et climatiques enregistrées dans les sédiments de l'Atlantique Nord pendant les huit derniers stades glaciaires-interglaciaires." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10197.
Full textTian, Ru Cheng. "Etudes sur l'interface eau-sédiment en milieu océanique : sédimentologie, minéralogie et géochimie." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10536.
Full textLorance, Pascal. "Ecologie des poissons profonds, des individus aux peuplements." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRESA001.
Full textBouinot, Thomas. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord au cours des 2000 dernières années." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679528.
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