Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrographie'
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Segura, Beltran Francesca S. "Las ramblas valencianas : algunos aspectos de hidrología, geomorfología y sedimentología /." València : Universitat de València, secció de geografía, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374672982.
Full textMartin-Vivaldi, y. Caballero Maria Elena. "Estudio hidrografico de la "Cuenca Sur" de España /." Granada : Universidad de Granada, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37728727v.
Full textDinh, Quoc-Tuc. "Transferts et comportements d'antibiotiques à l'échelle du bassin versant élémentaire." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066900.
Full textMérot, Stéphane. "Les sources et les eaux souterraines : étude des législations fédérales et vaudoises /." Lausanne : Payot, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36692731s.
Full textDelumeau, Isabelle. "La carte nautique et ses usages (vers 1830 - vers 1880)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0124/document.
Full textFrench hydrography during the XIXth Century had remained largely unexplored although this period had been extremely fecund. The « Dépôt des cartes et plans » is responsible for collecting geographical data producing nautical charts and providing the fleet and merchant seamen with nautical publications.Surveys were conducted by engineers and also by navy officers. However, after the era of the scientific expeditions (1790-1840) the production dropped. Actually, the French Navy never managed to wage exclusive hydrographic campaigns such as the British Navy did at the same time.Moreover, French charts struggled to find their place in a market dominated by the British production.In the second part of this thesis we addressed the question of the uses of nautical charts, first through the analysis of the market and expectations of seamen. Secondly we tried to enlighten the usual practices of sailors
Vollbrecht, Rüdiger. "Postglazialer Anstieg des Meeresspiegels, Paläoklima und Hydrographie, aufgezeichnet in Sedimenten der Bermuda inshore waters." [S.l. : s.n.], 1996. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960519181.
Full textBUSTILLOS-GUZMAN, JOSE-JESUS. "Hydrographie et broutage dans la dynamique des communautes phytoplanctoniques : approches par les marqueurs pigmentaires." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066067.
Full textDrira, Zaher. "Contribution à la compréhension du fonctionnement du golfe de Gabès : étude des caractéristiques dynamiques et structurales des communautés phyto-zooplanctoniques en relation avec la variabilité environnementale et les caractéristiques hydrographiques des zones côtières et océaniques." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2012.
Full textIn the first chapter, we describe the gulf of Gabes and the initiation of the different experimental protocol to estimate the biological parameters such as phytoplankton and zooplankton. The protocol for physical and chemical measurements (temperature, water density, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and nutrients compounds) was also detailed in this study. The relation-ship between physico-chemical and biological parameters was studied to characterize the trophic stature in the gulf of Gabes. In the second chapter, we have studied during a summer cruise (July 2005) the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The spatial and temporal variations of these latter were also studied during four different sampling periods (July 2005, May-June 2006, September 2006 and March 2007) in relation with hydrographic conditions. The phytoplankton community distribution in the Gulf of Gabes occurs throughout the coastal-open sea gradient. The phytoplankton ecology in the Gulf of Gabes is complex due to the interaction of various factors (water movements, urban interferences, marine traffic. . . ). Therefore, it seems that urban interferences might be crucial in inducing phytoplankton growth along the coast. Nutrient loading, urban and industrial wastes were the essential comerstones of the aquatic eutrophication control at least the coastal water of the Gulf and therefore the degradation of the water quality and influencing the proliferation of phytoplankton (including toxic dinoflagellates). The Gulf of Gabes is characterized by an oligotrophic status and particularly by the existence of a summer stratification which impacts on phytoplankton development chiefly in the off-shore area. In the open sea, the coexistent of different water masses, namely the Mediterranean water and the MA W could be deterrnining factors of phytoplankton development. In addition, the coastal area and particularly the socio-economically important Djerba Island reveal high toxic species K. Selliformis, suggesting that excess reactive nitrogen is derived primarily from fertiliser applications, animal wastes and fuel combustion. For the zooplankton community, copepods in the gulf of Gabes were the most abundant throughout the sampling period, contributing from 69 to 83% of the total zooplankton. The copepod density was gradually more important with the increasing of water temperature values started in May-June 2006 until a therrnocline established in summer period (July 2005 and September 2006). Ln contrast, during March 2007 in which the water column was well-mixed, the copepod abundance was decreased. The copepod community was dominated by Cyclopoid representing by Oithona nana species. The zooplankton community was dominant in the stratified period, however the phytoplankton community was more developed in semi-mixed conditions (May-June 2006), suggesting a grazing of the phytoplankton by copepod
Delumeau, Isabelle. "La carte nautique et ses usages (vers 1830 - vers 1880)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0124.
Full textFrench hydrography during the XIXth Century had remained largely unexplored although this period had been extremely fecund. The « Dépôt des cartes et plans » is responsible for collecting geographical data producing nautical charts and providing the fleet and merchant seamen with nautical publications.Surveys were conducted by engineers and also by navy officers. However, after the era of the scientific expeditions (1790-1840) the production dropped. Actually, the French Navy never managed to wage exclusive hydrographic campaigns such as the British Navy did at the same time.Moreover, French charts struggled to find their place in a market dominated by the British production.In the second part of this thesis we addressed the question of the uses of nautical charts, first through the analysis of the market and expectations of seamen. Secondly we tried to enlighten the usual practices of sailors
Clément, Éric. "Modélisation de l'influence du relief et de l'occupation des sols sur la composition des eaux de rivière et des sédiments de rivière : application à la prospection géochimique." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4430.
Full textHaouari, Olfa. "Etude taxonomique de bactéries sulfato-réductrices originaires d'écosystèmes marins et hydrothermaux terrestres tunisiens : potentialités oxydo-réductrices de l'arsenic." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11038.
Full textSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread in nature where they contribute significantly to organic matter mineralization through the sulfur cycle. This contribution is particularly remarkable in marine sediments where they can take part up to 50% of organic matter oxidation, although their ecological role is important as well in the extreme environments. Beside their capacity to reduce sulfur compounds (sulfate, thiosulfate, elementary sulfur), SRB have also the ability to reduce heavy metals and metalloids. Studies related to the biodiversity of SRB were conducted on samples of marine sediments and hydrothermal terrestrial springs, located in the North part of Tunisia. Microbiological approaches coupled with molecular taxonomy based on the analysis of sequences of genes encoding for the ARNr 16S, allowed us to: (i) provide evidence of the existence of a great diversity of SRB belonging to genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfotomaculum and Thermodesulfovibrio then, (ii) to isolate and characterize three new species belonging to the above mentioned genera. We examined the oxydo-reductive capacities of our isolates towards arsenic compounds. Seven of these SRB showed the ability to directly reduce arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)] without energy conservation. Indirect reduction of As(V) linked to biological sulfide production was also shown. The presence of H2S largely decreased metal toxicity. Under microaerobic conditions (0. 5% and 1% of O2 in the gas phase), we demonstrated for the first time, that two of our isolates, HEB223 and Lam5, were able to oxidize arsenite to arsenate
Janssen, Frank. "Statistische Analyse mehrjähriger Variabilität der Hydrographie in Nord- und Ostsee Möglichkeiten zur Validation und Korrektur systematischer Fehler eines regionalen Ozeanmodells /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967121566.
Full textKrotkus, Simonas, Frederik Nehm, Robby Janneck, Shrujan Kalkura, Alex A. Zakhidov, Matthias Schober, Olaf R. Hild, et al. "Influence of bilayer resist processing on p-i-n OLEDs: Towards multicolor photolithographic structuring of organic displays." SPIE, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34995.
Full textForriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d’échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1084/document.
Full textThe most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography
Che, Xiaomin. "Extraction et reconstruction du réseau hydrographique à partir du modèle numérique de terrain." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22073.
Full textJuza, Mélanie. "Modélisation numérique et observations de l'océan global : développement des interfaces, évaluation de simulations et de réseaux d'observations, investigations dynamiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU024.
Full textThis work aims to develop statistical approaches to systematically and quantitatively assess 50-year global ocean simulations against altimetric and hydrographic observations. Simulation outputs are first sub-sampled exactly like observations to build pseudo (synthetic) observations. We use collocated misfits between synthetic and real observations to assess the simulations at the same dates and locations, and compare the simulations together. We then use the sub-sampled and fully sampled model outputs to assess the impact of sub-sampling in real observing systems on the estimation of oceanic quantities with climatic relevance. We first quantify how the resolution of our ocean models (2°, 1°, ½°, ¼°) affects the realism of their solutions with respect to both observational datasets. We quantify how broadening the range of resolved space scales significantly improves the representation of the mean surface circulation, the thermohaline structure, the seasonal cycle of mixed layers, as well as sea-surface height variability at most space and time scales; this is particularly the case at interannual time scales, highlighting the potential of eddy-permitting resolutions for climate simulations. We also show the capacity of the 1/4° model to simulate an interannual intrinsic variability of sea-level, decorrelated from observed timeseries because of its chaotic character, but probably realistic and necessary to better represent the intensity of the interannual variability.The simulations also show that the spatio-temporal dispersion of the Argo floats induces overestimations of the mixed layer depths and heat contents, and the geographical restrictions of the actual Argo array induce biases in amplitude on the seasonal and interannual variabilities of the global ocean heat content
Keriaki, Majed. "Etude de la surface de la mer pour les simulations hyperfréquences actives et passsives par un modèle à double échelle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0001.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a realistic representation of the sea surface to improve simulations of remote sensing measurements above it using the double scale model of the University Catholique de Louvain. We use at first the ''bulk'' method to evaluate the momentum flux between air and sea. This method allows us to obtain a good distribution of the spectral density of waves in the regions that do not contain breaking waves, and improves the sensitivities of active and passive UCL simulations on wind speed and atmospheric stability. We showed that atmospheric stability must be taken into account in any algorithm for deducing the momentum flux using sea surface brightness temperatures. Then, we propose a model that takes into account the electromagnetic scattering by breaking zones. This model uses several approaches which exist in the literature. These approaches are generalised and gathered to obtain a unique model that estimates correctly the effects of ripples and foam coverage, composing any breaking zone, on both active and passive simulations
Pellegris, Michel. "Les ressources en eau du bassin du Aguasvivas (Aragon) : contribution à l'étude géographique des ressources en eau de la rive droite de l'Ebre." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30006.
Full textThe frame of this hydro-geographic study is located in the South of Aragon region, more precisely on the right bank of the Ebre. This thesis aims at studying the continental waters, in semiarid mediterranean environment, so as to account for the hydrological deficiency. The purpose is to get familiar with the hydrological systems in this northern area of the iberic mountain range, through the example of the aguasvivas catchment, witch is the most deficient of the region. The research of climatic analysis, morphological, hydrogeological, and hydrological concepts, allows us to understand how the basin works, and to assess the resources that are available. The estimation of the resources is presented to understand and to bring solutions to the problem of the water supplies, and in particular the traditional regadio (irrigated agriculture). The hydrogeographic contrast between the iberic range and the Ebre central depresion is an important point to explain. A thorough land study allows us to illustrate human and natural phenomena related to the water resources thanks to many photographs and graphics. The regional aspect in natural and human matters in Aragon is displayed on the bases of recent publications by spanish geografers, so as to expose the problem raised by this subject on a small scale. The central part of the demonstration hinges around the detailed analysis of harshness of the local climate, the understanding of the hydrological part of morpho-structural systems in semiarid conditions, and the hydric resources quantification. Indeed we wish to propose an anlytic approach which could be adapted to the other iberic catchments. The spanish vocabulary is used as much as possible in order to replace the study in its original context
Moreau, Luc. "Comportement d'un glacier tempere sur son lit rocheux. Vitesses de glissement, hydrologie et hydrographie. Etude effectuee au sein du site sous-glaciaire d'emosson glacier d'argentiere, massif du mont-blanc, france." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10202.
Full textSt-Onge, Joanie. "Relation entre le diméthylsulfure (DMS), les structures hydrographiques et la glace de mer dans la baie de Baffin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66418.
Full textSea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations were determined in Baffin Bay and parts of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during the summers of 2017 (July-August) and 2018 (July). More than 3500 DMS measurements were obtained using a mass spectrometer coupled with a cryogenic trap and a gaseous exchange membrane (ACT-MIMS). These measurements were performed alongside continuous quantification of sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), fluorescence (proxy for Chlorophyll a (Chl a)), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and discrete measurements of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Concentrations of DMS varied over 2 orders of magnitude, from ca. 0.2 to 43.0 nmol L-1 in 2017, and from ca. 1.6 to 55.0 nmol L-1 in 2018. Surface water DMS hotspots (> 10 nmol L-1 ) were observed in association with hydrographic frontal structures, as well as in high productivity coastal waters. In the open water of northern Baffin Bay, an increasing west-to-east gradient of DMS concentrations was positively correlated with SSS, SST and Chl a, suggesting that upper ocean dynamics of DMS are linked to the physicochemical properties and biological signature of water masses in this sector. High DMS concentrations were observed at the ice-edge of ponded first-year ice providing further evidence to the increasingly recognized role sea ice plays in the cycling of marine DMS. In the northern Labrador Sea and Davis Strait, DMS exhibited day-night trends of 2 orders of magnitude with highest concentrations at night and midday minimums. Although it is possible these results were influenced by other factors, concentrations of DMS decreased with increasing PAR in 2017 as well as in 2018. These results suggest that, in some regions, DMS concentrations may be characterized by large (> 10 nmol L -1 ) and rapid (< 24 h) variations that would be neglected by data interpolation where in situ data are still sparse. The presence of localized DMS hotspots demonstrates the potential of using high-resolution automated instruments such as the ACT-MIMS to resolve the spatial distribution of DMS and contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of DMS emission model predictions.
Chapuis, Olivier. "À la mer comme au ciel : Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré (1766-1854) et la naissance de l'hydrographie moderne (1750-1850) : Ou, l'émergence de la précision en navigation et dans la cartographie marine en France : de l'empirisme à la science de la route et du point. Comparaisons ponctuelles avec la Grande-Bretagne, première puissance maritime du monde." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040148.
Full textEntitled a difficult rise (1750-1791), the first part studies the state of navigation and surveying in France (some comparisons are proposed with Great Britain), from the end of 17th century. Longitude at sea, the references of geodesy and topography, the education of sailors, the first laws concerning the printing and the selling of nautical charts, as hydrographic institution is established (in France), are dealed with strategic and commercial objects, and progress in methods and instruments at the end of old regime, a time of Beautemps-Beaupré's scientific education. Because of him, the d'Entrecasteaux's expedition (first chapter of the second part, entitled the modern hydrography, 1792-1850) is the real laboratory of modern hydrography. His object concerns strategy, as proved by the interest of Great Britain for the papers of the expedition. Hydrographic documentation is useful for colonization as for its publicity. . . Obviously, this fighting surveying is of great importance during the war, for instance between 1799 and 1815. Such objects require controls of hydrographic productions by the states, as they still exist at the end of the XXth century. At last, the analysis of methods defined by Beautemps-Beaupré is used to study the making of a chart. These are to be transmitted to others hydrographers (engineers or officers), by books and teaching. Yet, if the charts are not used by the sailors, it won't be enough for the propagation of modern hydrography. .
Filliozat, Manonmani. "L'océan oriental : connaissances hydrographiques françaises aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4036.
Full textChaput-Bardy, Audrey. "Structure des populations sur un réseau hydrographique dendritique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353363.
Full textAthanase, Marylou. "On the recent evolution of Atlantic Water at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean : observations and Mercator Ocean operational model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS263.
Full textCombination of observations and Mercator Ocean operational model (PSY4 hereafter) outputs provided insights on the recent oceanic conditions in the changing Western Eurasian and Nansen basins, entry region for the warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) to the Arctic Ocean. Autonomous platforms showed that the Western Eurasian Basin exhibited a fresher surface layer and shallower warm AW layer in 2017 than in the 2005‐2012 World Ocean Atlas climatology. PSY4 brought insights on the mesoscale structures observed in the halocline and warm layer. In particular, in the Nansen Basin a large mesoscale structure of AW from the boundary current turned into an anticyclonic eddy after the platforms passage. A second AW structure northwest of the Yermak Plateau, was a branch of AW recirculating back toward Fram Strait. The performance of PSY4 was assessed using independent observations over 2007-2020 in the Western Nansen Basin (WNB). We took advantage of 14 years of fields from PSY4 to examine winter conditions in the WNB over 2007-2020. PSY4 showed that deep winter convection and recurrent outflows from troughs northeast of Svalbard dramatically modified the AW. The northern Yermak Plateau-Sofia Deep and continental slope areas became “Marginal Convection Zones" in 2011 with, from then on, occurrences of ice-free conditions and mixed layer depths deeper than 200m in winter, and highly variable ocean-to-atmosphere heat fluxes. PSY4 also showed changes in circulation in the WNB over 2008-2020, with the strengthening of the Yermak Branch, which fed the southward Return Yermak Branch along the eastern flank of the Plateau. PSY4 highlighted the onset of new AW pathways: a recurrent anticyclonic circulation established in Sofia Deep. An offshore AW circulation developed downstream of the Yermak Plateau (following the 3800m isobaths). East of 20°E, additional AW from boundary current was injected in this offshore circulation, via enhanced basin-ward mesoscale activity
Cuende, François-Xavier. "Contributions à l'étude de la pêche professionnelle du saumon (Salmo salar L. ) dans le bassin de l'Adour (France) : histoire et actualité de la pêche professionnelle : évolution des caractéristiques démographiques et pondérales des stocks capturés : relations entre captures et l'hydroclimat." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT015A.
Full textPouliot, Jacynthe. "Approche intégrée de traitements numériques des données bathymétriques acoustiques et optiques en vue de réduire l'intervention humaine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17634.
Full textBelemtougri, Patindé Axel. "Compréhension et caractérisation de l'intermittence du réseau hydrographique en Afrique : développements méthodologiques et applications hydrologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS318.
Full textIntermittent rivers are rivers that stop flowing at some point in space and time. However, the understanding of the spatio-temporal variability of intermittent rivers as well as their precise location in the hydrographic network remains limited due to a lack of data (hydrometric, hydrographic, etc..). These difficulties are accentuated in data-limited regions such as Africa and this thesis aims to develop methodological approaches that rely on Random Forest models and statistical analyses to characterize the spatial distribution of intermittent rivers and to better understand the controlling factors of intermittency in Africa in order to overcome the observation gaps. Firstly, this thesis focused on the regional scale in Burkina Faso where 49 stream gauging stations with at least four years of data over the period 1955-1985 were examined. The mean number of months with zero flow per year ((Ndry) ̅) was used as a predictor to define four increasing classes of flow intermittency namely: permanent (0-1 months with zero flow), weakly intermittent (2-4), highly intermittent (5-7), ephemeral (8-12). A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on 49 gauging stations showed that, although the Strahler order and the average annual precipitation influence the geographical distribution of the different intermittency classes in Burkina Faso, the average permeability and the upstream catchment area mainly explain this distribution. This study suggests that the seasonality of precipitation in Burkina Faso also makes streamflow seasonal regardless of mean annual precipitation unless hydrogeological processes are involved, notably through the contribution of aquifers to baseflow during low-flow periods. The Random Forest model estimated that 88% of the total length of the rivers in Burkina Faso are intermittent compared to 98% in the national reference hydrographic databases (IGB-BNDT). Secondly, at the African scale, 1125 gauging stations with at least 4 years of data are examined over the period 1958-1991. Several Random Forest models were trained to relate the classes of intermittency observed at the gauging stations to the characteristic values of the key environmental variables identified (15). This model calibration identified, in order of importance, the aridity index (P/ETP), upstream catchment area, and mean annual potential evapotranspiration as the most important controlling factors of intermittency at the continental scale in Africa. This is further confirmed by the fact that the majority of gauges stations classified as intermittent in the sample analyzed have mean annual potential evapotranspiration values that are higher than the mean annual precipitation (i.e, aridity index < 1). This study predicts that in Africa 44% of the river length is permanent while 56% is intermittent (9% weakly intermittent, 31% highly intermittent, 16% ephemeral). The model predictions generally capture the spatial distribution of intermittency in the national reference hydrographic database of South Africa, Benin, Madagascar, and Mali somewhat less so in Burkina Faso. Finally, this thesis focused on the difficulties of global and continental river networks to reproduce the spatial variability of the observed drainage density in the national reference hydrographic database of different countries in Africa. A simple method for extracting streams from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) with a spatially variable contributing area (Amin) was developed
Carr, Domenic Anthony. "A study of the target detection capabilities of an airborne lidar bathymetry system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47585.
Full textCavalera, Thomas. "Etude du fonctionnement et du bassin d'alimentation de la source sous-marine de Port Miou (Cassis, Bouches-du-Rhône) : Approche multicritère." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11029.pdf.
Full textThis research work deals with the supplying and functioning conditions of the karstic brackish springs of Port Miou and the Bestouan, both the main outlets of Port Miou’s karstic littoral aquifer. The chosen methodology is a multiple criteria approach to hydrology, hydrogeology, speleomorphometry, as well as to the paleographic structure and inheritance of the whole karstic system. A year and a half has been necessary to process to the hydrometric monitoring of the submarine springs – a time of drought that has affected the entire lower Provence. The analysis of the mixing mecanisms between fresh water and sea water in the karstic aquifer shows that the contamination of the springs sustainably takes place through deep sea water intrusions in the network. The study of the floods reveals that the karstic network’s increase of the water head doesn’t lower the amount of sea water that is part of the mixing. Each rise in the water level is characterized by an additional supplying of fresh water into the karst conduit which contributes to cause a drop in the spring water’s salinity and temperature. The reappraisal of the water balance of the main Jurassico-Cretaceous massifs in the region of Marseille reveals the potential existence of important deep karstic flows from which Port Miou’s aquifer could benefit. It seems justified to suggest that this system is structured along a karstification spreading deeply and vastly, and today partly drowned into the sea. The genesis and the organization of that deep and vast karst can be explained by the Messinian model of karstification recently adopted to the development of many perimediteranean karstic aquifers
Dubrulle-Brunaud, Carole. "Les sédiments fins dans un système macrotidal actuel (continuum Seine-Baie de Seine) : caractérisation géochimiques et minéralogiques, identification des sources." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES074.
Full textIn the macrotidal Seine estuary where growing mud deposits occurred in the mouth and in the bay of Seine, the identification and quantification of sources of fine material have been undertaken on three hundred superficial samples using particulate markers. A great"chemical and mineralogical identity card" of muddy sediments in the continuum Seine-bay of the Seine contributes new information on: dilution of fine material in the bay of the Seine, penetration of marine fine-grained sediments in the estuary and in the small rivers adjacent to the bay, and local and punctual fossil contribution. The determination of particulate mixing (PCA, mixing equations) shows that the recent fine sedimentation is the composite mixing of four sources (marine, riverine, fossil, estuarine) at long time scale (several decades). The mixing is more complex at short time scale (seasonal, instantaneous), with the input of secondary sources
Soutelino, Rafael Guarino. "A origem da Corrente do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21132/tde-22092009-153607/.
Full textThe origin of Brazil Current (BC) is associated with the bifurcation of the South Equatorial Current (BiSEC). The BC then flows south bordering the Brazilian continental margin. However, inferences on the BC origin site as well as its organization as a western boundary current are based in large scale patterns of the BiSEC. It lacks details on the location of the BC and the possible mesoscale activity related to its formation. While the BC meandering off the Southeastern and Southern Brazilian continental margin has been widely reported in the literature, no information is available for the BC structure and its meanders off the Brazilian Eastern margin. The motivation and main goal of this work is to describe the mesoscale scenario associated with the BC formation and organization as a boundary current. In order to reach this goal, we opted to first build a climatological geostrophic picture of the BiSEC and BC origin for the summer using solely temperature-salinity data. Following such investigation, we analyzed data from an oceanographic cruise conducted by the Brazilian Navy that consisted of simultaneous CTD profiling and vessel-mounted ADCP velocity measurements, also for the summer period. The quasi-synoptic data analysis was conducted using a method that has not been employed for flows along the Brazilian continental margin: the ADCP-referenced dynamic method. Unlike the traditional dynamic method, ADCP velocities are used to reference the CTD-derived baroclinic velocities and to obtain a total geostrophic velocity field. In the climatological data analysis, the relative geostrophic current patterns exhibited a BiSEC signature at 9S for surface, at 12S for 200 m, at 20S for 500 m and 23S for 800 m. We thus confirmed information of the literature about the southward migration of the BiSEC structure with depth. We also identified the summer mean scenario for the BC and North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC) formation. The quasi-synoptic total velocity fields confirmed the relative cliviii matological fields. At surface, we found no signature of the BiSEC within the cruise sampled area. The BC was originated north of 10S and seemed to start flowing, as a weak current with vertical extension less than 100 m deep, distant from the western boundary. At 150 m (500 m), the BiSEC signature was evident at 14.5S (20S). We thus suggest that the synoptic BC origin as a western boundary current was located at around 14.5S. We can summarize our findings describing that the BC organized itself as a weak and shallow current at around 10S. At 14.5S, the BC attached itself to the continental margin and flew following the bathymetric contours. As it flows south, it meandered vigorously and frontal anticyclones were present off the main topographic features of the Eastern coast: the Royal Charlotte and the Abrolhos Banks. In its path southward, the BC was intensified and extended vertically. It seemed that NBUC was originated at around 20S with a velocity core centered at 700 m. As this undercurrent flows northward, it increased transport and its velocity core became shallower. At the northern portion of the study area, the NBUC core reached the depth of 250 m.
Desprès, Agnès. "Les fronts de méso-échelle dans la mer d'Irminger : origine dynamique et variabilité." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066162.
Full textKaram, Yūsuf. "Essais de modélisation des écoulements dans un aquifère karstique : exemple de la source du Lez (Hérault, France)." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20031.
Full textAuger, Matthis. "Variability and Changes of Hydrography and Circulation in the Subpolar Southern Ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS086.
Full textThe Southern Ocean is central to the global oceanic circulation and climate. This region is however on the frontline of human-induced climate change, through intense uptake of anthropogenic heat and carbon. Consequently, the Southern Ocean has experienced important changes in its hydrography and circulation over the last decades. Its subpolar part, south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, hosts large circulation systems of importance for the production of water masses and their associate heat and carbon content, for ocean interactions with sea-ice and ice-shelves, and consequently for global mean sea level. Observations are still sparse in that region, particularly in wintertime when it is covered by sea ice. Thus, the regional response of the subpolar Southern Ocean hydrography and circulation to interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, and background circulation at various spatial and time scales is still under active research.In this thesis, I contribute to observing the variability and long-term changes of the hydrography and circulation of the subpolar Southern Ocean, and to unveil the mechanisms driving their variability. I first observe the long-term temperature changes in the upper layer of the Southern Ocean, from repeated ship-based measurement transects over 25 years. Besides previously documented trends, I refine the monitoring on the still poorly observed warming and shallowing of the warm subsurface water of the Southern Ocean. The long term warming is stronger than interannual variability, and the shallowing rate is 3 to 9 times the previously estimated one. In a second part, I develop and exploit an ocean topography dataset, spanning six years of measurements over the whole Southern Ocean south of 50°S. This dataset allows me to explore the variability of the subpolar Southern Ocean circulation, particularly the seasonal cycle of the large-scale circulation and the mesoscale variability under sea ice. At the seasonal scale, the circulation of the Weddell and Ross gyres, and the Antarctic Slope Current are mainly dictated by three modes of variability, principally linked to the surface stress of the wind on the surface of the ocean and its modulation by the sea ice. The mesoscale variability is weak outside the energetic Antarctic slope current in the pack ice, while the marginal ice zone seems to be a region with enhanced cyclonic eddies generation. The implications of these results on the physical processes of the Southern Ocean and its long-term changes are discussed
Vencent, Hélène. "Les élèves officiers de marine à la fin du Premier Empire et leur destin." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040091.
Full textThe Navy « Écoles spéciales » (in Brest and Toulon) were created by a bill on Septembre 27th 1810 by Napoleon and his minister of Navy, Decrès. The revolutionary era had weakened the Naval officers corps ; therefore, this decision fit into the larger education reforms by Napoleon but calls back as well to the traditional schooling of Naval officers. But those schools were shut down during the Restauration : Only one generation of officers benefited from these schools and one third of those officers remained in the Navy. Studying their career shows that, in spite of the Navy being purged during the Restauration, Napoleon’s ambition to create an elite was kept alive by those alumni who managed to stay in the Navy. The second part tackles the key objectives of the Navy as seen through the eyes and actions of these officers. These men stand out through the energy they deploy in scientific endeavours and studies, but also through their service in the military operations of the time. This study shines a light on men who, thanks to their chosen profession, are a bridge between France and oversea territories, and know how to navigate the changing politics of their time, both domestically and overseas. Thanks to their logs and reports, we can also take a closer look at the men under the uniform, studying in a third part their family life, the health aspects of their profession and the relationship those officers have with civilian authorities and their hierarchy
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d'échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691773.
Full textLion, Christine. "Simulation des données SWOT haute résolution et applications à l'étude de l'estuaire de l'Amazone." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2050/.
Full textThe thesis is included in the preparation of SWOT mission (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) preparation process. It has been created from collaborations between NASA / JPL (National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsory Laboratory), CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) and ASC-CSA (Spatial Canada Agency) and its launching is due in 2019. SWOT is a near-nadir radar interferometer in Ka band (incidences form 0. 6° to 4. 1°). Its purpose is to help our understanding of surface water variations (lakes volume variation, rivers discharge, detect flooded areas. . . ) and ocean mesoscale dynamics (whirlpool) thanks to a 10km resolution made into a 1km. In order to determine SWOT improvements in studies of Amazon estuary, several tools were developed. The first one modelize the radar cross-section of three different kind surfaces (water, bare soil and vegetation) and was made for a CNES study by Capgemini. It allows defining the limit condition for water not been discerned between other surfaces. This model emphasizes Ka band sensibility to roughness parameter. This model is not able to represent the layover phenomenon, which is a mix of information within a single pixel due to relief. Due to its near-nadir configuration, it will be more present than in actual radars. As lakes and rivers are more often sided with trees, it is needed to evaluate the error margin on surface water measurement. I developed interferometric model which includes simplified radar backscattering models for vegetation and water. Thanks to this tool I have been able to determine the Ka band sensibility to vegetation. It has even highlighted SWOT capacities to detect flooded areas underneath vegetation. In fact, during a flood, the tree heights observations are weaker than measurements in normal conditions, as an example for a 10% gap fraction (dense vegetation), we observe an 1m57 height for a 5 meters tree, instead of 4m50. To evaluate SWOT contribution in the Amazon study, I have been using a simulator developed by S. Biancamaria during his thesis (held in 2009). The instrumental errors were simulated with a white noise, with a standard deviation of 20 cm. I improved it in order to have more realistic errors, by inserting errors from performance estimations. This simulator offers the advantage of reproducing water heights directly. It has been used in several studies of which an Ohio River assimilation by K. Andreadis. For my area of study, it allowed me to determine SWOT capacity to accurately measure the river slope and to observe the tide spread within the river
Ropiot, Virginie. "Peuplement et circulation dans les bassins fluviaux du Languedoc occidental, du Roussillon et de l'Ampourdan du IXe s. au début du IIe s. av. n. è." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424395.
Full textGravier, Mireille. "Le Tagant entre Sahel et Sahara." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024420.
Full textZika, Jan David Climate & Environmental Dynamics Laboratory Faculty of Science UNSW. "Quantifying ocean mixing from hydrographic data." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Climate & Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44872.
Full textReader, James Weatherston. "Hydrographic office & chart Information centre." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946432.
Full textPuradimaja, Deny Juanda. "Différenciation hydrochimique et isotopique des émergences karstiques du Languedoc-Roussillon (France)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20254.
Full textSbai, Abdelkader. "Contribution à l'étude géomorphologique de la région d'Oyonnax, Ain (Jura méridional)." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10080.
Full textOyonnax, as a region, presents a morphological intricacy, essentially reflecting the structures : the superposition in beds (layers) of an inequal hardness favours a regressive ablation, made easier by the marly levels. Two surfaces of erosion can be distinguished these surface areas were strongly deformed and were subject ot an upheavel and eventually or were followed by a later erosion. The setting-up of the hydrographical vetwork is linked to that of the morphological wholes. It is in fact a "polygenique" network which took place after the "oligocene" tectonics. Two generations of projecting ledges can be distinguished. They are attributed to the lower and to the upper pliocene. The structural analysis of the hydrographical network permited to define the graphic features of the notch-networks, the anomalies of the drainage, the directions of the networks and at last the lengthways profiles and the curbs of the valleys. The different directions of the water-flows sections seem to fo the same way as the systems of fractures and as tectonic accidents. The study of major elements of the karst as welle as that of the correlative deposits permited to show the part the structure and the heritage played and to caracterize the present speed of ablation and the present karstogenesis. The way they are distributed and their sedimentological study on the one hand, the glacial marks and the little stones of alpine origin on the other, made it possible to reconstitute the paleogeographical environment and the phases of the recessing during the last glaciation. Parallel to this, these "cold" conditions (last glaciations) favoured an evolution of the slopes in a periglacial atmosphere ; those which remain the most spectaculary marked are the rock-faces of the escarpement. The study of a few pedological profiles enables to caracterize the main features of the grounds and
Goodson, Kelvin J. "Automated interpretation of digital images of hydrographic charts." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1987. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/382/.
Full textVencent, Hélène. "Les élèves officiers de marine à la fin du Premier Empire et leur destin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040091.
Full textThe Navy « Écoles spéciales » (in Brest and Toulon) were created by a bill on Septembre 27th 1810 by Napoleon and his minister of Navy, Decrès. The revolutionary era had weakened the Naval officers corps ; therefore, this decision fit into the larger education reforms by Napoleon but calls back as well to the traditional schooling of Naval officers. But those schools were shut down during the Restauration : Only one generation of officers benefited from these schools and one third of those officers remained in the Navy. Studying their career shows that, in spite of the Navy being purged during the Restauration, Napoleon’s ambition to create an elite was kept alive by those alumni who managed to stay in the Navy. The second part tackles the key objectives of the Navy as seen through the eyes and actions of these officers. These men stand out through the energy they deploy in scientific endeavours and studies, but also through their service in the military operations of the time. This study shines a light on men who, thanks to their chosen profession, are a bridge between France and oversea territories, and know how to navigate the changing politics of their time, both domestically and overseas. Thanks to their logs and reports, we can also take a closer look at the men under the uniform, studying in a third part their family life, the health aspects of their profession and the relationship those officers have with civilian authorities and their hierarchy
Webb, Adrian James. "The expansion of British naval hydrographic administration, 1808-1829." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/116990.
Full textReece, Richard H. "An analysis of hydrographic data collected off Point Sur." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26865.
Full textManley, Justin E. "High fidelity hydrographic surveys using and autonomous surface craft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50480.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 92-94).
There is a vital need to update the hydrographic database of the United States. NOAA statistics show that with current survey technologies it will take nearly 40 years to update U.S. nautical charts. Hydrographic surveys require a careful record of depth, position, tide, and the motions of the survey platform. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is one highly regarded organization which performs hydrographic surveys. They impose a strict standard of accuracy for certain surveys. For these Class 1 surveys, position must be within 6 meters and depth must be measured within 0.5 feet. This thesis documents the development of a new technology to meet these needs and provide hydrographic surveys in more cost effective ways than existing techniques. Since 1993 Autonomous Surface Craft (ASC) have been under development at the MIT Sea Grant College Program. Hydrographic surveying was the first practical mission approached by an ASC. The ASC ARTEMIS used simple navigation and control systems and a basic recreational depth sounder to demonstrate the possiblity of performing surveys with ASC. This background led to the developments presented here. This project had two goals, the first was to develop an ASC which was better suited for hydrographic surveys than ARTEMIS. This required designing and constructing a new ASC with improved endurance, speed, payload, and stability. This goal was met with the development of the ASC ACES (Autonomous Coastal Exploration System). The development of ACES and its preliminary field tests, which provided a hydrographic survey which was 78% Class 1, are documented in this work. The second goal of this effort was to configure the new ASC for high fidelity hydrographic surveys. This required selection of new sensors to measure position, depth, tide, and the motions of the ASC. Conventional systems were evaluated and a final design was selected which incorporated the latest developments in the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS). By using GPS sensors to account for all variables except depth, ACES is able to meet the high standards of a Class 1 survey. Using an Acoutisc Doppler Current Profiler to measure depth provides ACES with a high quality and versatile sensor to employ in such surveys. This project has demonstrated the potential for ASC to be used in the field of hydrographic surveys. ACES, A system capable of providing high fidelity hydrographic surveys to meet the needs of the U.S. survey community has been designed and built. This system has matched the USACE surveys with 78% accuracy in a prototype configuration. The final high fidelity survey configuration of ACES will provide Class 1 or better surveys more cost effectively than manned survey vessels.
by Justin E. Manley.
S.M.
Looker, Jason R. "Minimum paths to interception of a moving target when constrained by turning radius." Fishermans Bend, Victoria : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/9741.
Full textMastropole, Dana M. "Hydrographic structure of overflow water passing through the Denmark Strait." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101344.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-66).
Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) constitutes the densest portion of North Atlantic Deep Water, which feeds the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). As such, it is critical to understand how DSOW is transferred from the upstream basins in the Nordic Seas, across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, and to the North Atlantic Ocean. The goal of this study is to characterize the hydrographic structure of the different DSOW constituents at the sill before the water descends into the Irminger Sea using temperature and salinity (T/S) data from 111 shipboard crossings in the vicinity of the sill, collected between 1990 and 2012. The individual realizations indicate that weakly stratified "boluses" of DSOW frequent the sill and contribute the densest water to the overflow. This study also characterizes the structure, size, and location of the boluses and relates them to the T/S modes found at the sill. Lastly, historical hydrographic data from the Nordic Seas are used to make inferences regarding the origin of the boluses.
by Dana M. Mastropole.
S.M.