Journal articles: 'Hydrolic engineering'

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Pandey, Anjali. "BAWDI: THE ELOQUENT EXAMPLE OF HYDROLIC ENGINEERING AND ORNAMENTAL ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 1 (2016): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2867.

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“The secular Indian architecture includes town planning, palaces, general houses and forts of various categories. There was a constant growth in forms of this architecture from the period of harappan culture up to the Vijaynagar epoch. The towns were protected by walls (prakara) and the moats parikha. Each town provided places of general public utility, such as temples, stupas, schools, hospitals, markets, gardens and ponds”.1

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Hadimani *, Sharanagouda, Dr Nilesh Diwakar, Dr G. R. Selokar, and Dr B. Nageshwar Rao. "Design & Analysis of Dynamic Response in Hydrolic Equipment Working with Heavy Loads." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (2021): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2243.0210321.

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Hydraulic system has benefits over pneumatic or electric systems, especially when heavy loads are involved, or when very smooth and precise position or pressure control is required. Hydraulic actuators have several advantages including the fact that they produce less heat and electrical interference at the machine than do electric actuators. A simulation model of the support was established to determine the dynamic responses of the hydraulic support under dual impacts from its roof and shield beams, and the column and balance jack were replaced using a spring-damper system. Analysis of poses was performed and dynamic support responses were obtained.

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Nam, Hai-Uk, Tae-Ho Lee, Young O. Kim, Seung-Han Park, and Tae-Joo Park. "The characteristics of microbial ecosystem response with the changes of hydrolic retention time on an aerobic fixed-biofilm biological nutrient removal system." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 21, no. 3 (2004): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02705498.

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Meng, Xiao, Wu Qun Cheng, and Xian Bing Wu. "Application of Progressive Teaching Model in Engineering Hydrology and Hydrologic Calculation." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 2185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.2185.

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Engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation is a core professional course of agricultural hydrologic engineering, in order to realize the implementation of quality education in higher school teaching purposes, with the teaching practice of engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation, puts forward the progressive teaching mode of engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation, and applied in teaching activities. The conception of progressive teaching mode and practice was summarized from four aspects of progressive teaching objective, teaching content, gradual progressive teaching method, and progressive ability.

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Ford, David T., and Darryl W. Davis. "HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER PLANNING MODELS." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21, no. 1 (1985): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05359.x.

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Govindaraju, Rao S., Richard H. McCuen, and Mohamed Hantush. "Looking to the Future of Hydrologic Engineering." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 18, no. 3 (2013): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000758.

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Govindaraju, R. S., R. H. McCuen, and M. M. Hantush. "Publishing in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 19, no. 9 (2014): 01814001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001031.

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Feldman, Arlen D. "Systems Analysis Applications at Hydrologic Engineering Center." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 118, no. 3 (1992): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1992)118:3(249).

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Zheleznyakov, G. V. "Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of engineering ecology." Hydrotechnical Construction 31, no. 3 (1997): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02767191.

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Govindaraju, R. S., R. H. McCuen, and M. M. Hantush. "Retracted: Publishing in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 20, no. 2 (2015): 01814002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001128.

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Paudel, Murari, E. James Nelson, Charles W. Downer, and Rollin Hotchkiss. "Comparing the capability of distributed and lumped hydrologic models for analyzing the effects of land use change." Journal of Hydroinformatics 13, no. 3 (2010): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2010.100.

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Empirically based lumped hydrologic models have an extensive track record of use for various engineering applications. Physically based, multi-dimensional distributed models have also been in development and use for many years. Despite the availability of high resolution data, better computational resources and robust, numerical methods implemented in such models, their usage is still limited, especially in the realm of surface water runoff simulation. Lumped models are often extended to solve complex hydrologic problems that may be beyond their capabilities. Here we attempt to differentiate the ability of lumped and distributed models to analyze a common watershed development issue such as land use change. For this, we employ two common US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) models, well established in the literature and application, using the Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model in a fully lumped mode and the fully distributed model Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). A synthetic watershed is used to establish that a distributed model like GSSHA more intuitively simulates land use change scenarios by distinguishing the spatial location of the change and its effects on the watershed response. An actual watershed at Tifton, Georgia is used to validate the observations made from the synthetic watershed.

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Etheridge, J. R., A. K. Manda, C. Grace-McCaskey, T. Allen, and H. Hao. "Lessons learned from public participation in hydrologic engineering projects." Hydrological Sciences Journal 65, no. 3 (2019): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1700420.

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Cydzik, Kristina, and Terri S. Hogue. "Modeling Postfire Response and Recovery using the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45, no. 3 (2009): 702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00317.x.

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Wei, De Jian, and Xin Gui Zhang. "Analysis for the Uncertainty and Changeability of Groundwater Causticity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3788.

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During wet season and dry season, the groundwater quality analysis results of one engineering site in Nanning indicated that the causticity of groundwater mainly included acid causticity (pH value), calcareous causticity (corrosive CO2) and leaching causticity (HCO3-). Though the twice analysis results of water causticity are both moderately corrosion, the types of decomposed corrosion are different. It indicated the uncertainty and changeability of decomposed corrosion. In actual projects, some special ingredients in groundwater, the site natural environment and hydrologic geologic conditions should be considered together to define the groundwater’s causticity. Moreover, the change of site hydrologic geologic conditions caused by the construction should be considered, because this change can also influence the groundwater’s causticity. In addition, the groundwater’s causticity will influence the selection of cement types and the type of cement will influence the type of foundation, then all these will influence the construction cost finally. So, the change of groundwater’s causticity caused by the site hydrologic geologic conditions should be considered at engineering design time.

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Jiang, Cong, Lihua Xiong, Lei Yan, Jianfan Dong, and Chong-Yu Xu. "Multivariate hydrologic design methods under nonstationary conditions and application to engineering practice." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 3 (2019): 1683–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1683-2019.

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Abstract. Multivariate hydrologic design under stationary conditions is traditionally performed through the use of the design criterion of the return period, which is theoretically equal to the average inter-arrival time of flood events divided by the exceedance probability of the design flood event. Under nonstationary conditions, the exceedance probability of a given multivariate flood event varies over time. This suggests that the traditional return-period concept cannot apply to engineering practice under nonstationary conditions, since by such a definition, a given multivariate flood event would correspond to a time-varying return period. In this paper, average annual reliability (AAR) was employed as the criterion for multivariate design rather than the return period to ensure that a given multivariate flood event corresponded to a unique design level under nonstationary conditions. The multivariate hydrologic design conditioned on the given AAR was estimated from the nonstationary multivariate flood distribution constructed by a dynamic C-vine copula, allowing for time-varying marginal distributions and a time-varying dependence structure. Both the most-likely design event and confidence interval for the multivariate hydrologic design conditioned on the given AAR were identified to provide supporting information for designers. The multivariate flood series from the Xijiang River, China, were chosen as a case study. The results indicated that both the marginal distributions and dependence structure of the multivariate flood series were nonstationary due to the driving forces of urbanization and reservoir regulation. The nonstationarities of both the marginal distributions and dependence structure were found to affect the outcome of the multivariate hydrologic design.

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Hanif, Asma, Ashwin Dhanasekar, Anthony Keene, Huishu Li, and Kenneth Carlson. "Flood risk assessment methodology for planning under climate change scenarios and the corresponding change in land cover." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (2019): 1370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.016.

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Abstract Projected climate change impacts on the hydrological regime and corresponding flood risks were examined for the years 2030 (near-term) and 2050 (long-term), under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 (moderate) and 8.5 (high) emission scenarios. The United States Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System was used to simulate the complete hydrologic processes of the various dendritic watershed systems and USACEs' Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System hydraulic model was used for the two-dimensional unsteady flow flood calculations. Climate projections are based on recent global climate model simulations developed for the International Panel on Climate Change, Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5. Hydrographs for frequent (high-recurrence interval) storms were derived from 30-year historical daily precipitation data and decadal projections for both time frames and RCP scenarios. Since the climate projections for each scenario only represented ten years of data, 100-year or 500-year storms cannot be derived. Hence, this novel approach of identifying frequent storms is used as an indicator to compare across the various time frames and climate scenarios. Hydrographs were used to generate inundation maps and results are used to identify vulnerabilities and formulate adaptation strategies to flooding at 43 locations worldwide.

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Yang, Xing, Xiao Dong Hu, and Zhi Qing Li. "The Correlation Degree of Two Hydrologic Variables Used for Hydraulic Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.1189.

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Most failures of hydraulic engineering caused by hydrology events are rarely a function of just one source variable (e.g.wave,tide level,river flow,rainfall),but more usually of two or more variables.So,the correlation of two variables which are partially dependent is important for hydrologic design and floodplain management.The objective of this paper is to discuss the correlation degree between two variables by kendall's rank correlation coefficient test.As a case,the observations of rainfalls, tide levels and wind speeds,collected from 1971 to 2002 in Shenzhen city of China,were used in this paper.The results show that kendall’s rank correlation coefficients obtained by the test range from 0.13 to 0.61.This means that there is a significant correlation between any two of these hydrologic variables.

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Siddique, Nazmul, and Hojjat Adeli. "Applications of Harmony Search Algorithms in Engineering." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 24, no. 06 (2015): 1530002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213015300021.

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In a recent article the authors reviewed the principles of harmony search and journal articles on harmony search algorithm (HSA). This article presents a review of applications of HSA including structural design, hydrologic model design, water distribution network design, water pump switching problem, transmission network expansion planning problem, job shop scheduling problem, university timetable and rosterering problem, training neural networks, clustering, combined heat and power economic dispatch problem, economic load dispatch problem, and economic and emission dispatch problem.

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Campos, José Nilson B., Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart, Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho, and Victor Costa Porto. "On the Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves, Partial-Area Effect and the Rational Method: Theory and the Engineering Practice." Water 12, no. 10 (2020): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102730.

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This research evaluates the partial-area effect and its relationship with the rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) equations. In the Rational Method, if the critical rainfall duration is shorter than the time of concentration, the partial-area effect occurs. We proved that the partial area could exist for the general ID equation i=a/(b+td)c, only when c>1. For these equations, in the application of the Rational Method, the maximum discharge at basin outlet occurs for rainfall duration (td) equal to b/(c−1). Nevertheless, for that case, the Depth Duration Frequency (DDF) has a maximum at that rainfall duration. These situations are present in engineering practice and will be discussed in this paper. Research was done to look for IDF equations with c>1 in hydrologic engineering practice. It found 640 inconsistent IDF equations (c>1) in four countries (Brazil, Mexico, India, and USA), which means that a fundamental principle for building consistent IDF equations (i.e., c>1), published in the scientific literature since 1998, did not reach the hydrologic engineering practice fully. We provided some analysis regarding this gap between theory and engineering practice.

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Habib, E., Y. Ma, D. Williams, H. O. Sharif, and F. Hossain. "HydroViz: design and evaluation of a Web-based tool for improving hydrology education." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 10 (2012): 3767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3767-2012.

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Abstract. HydroViz is a Web-based, student-centered, educational tool designed to support active learning in the field of Engineering Hydrology. The design of HydroViz is guided by a learning model that is based on learning with data and simulations, using real-world natural hydrologic systems to convey theoretical concepts, and using Web-based technologies for dissemination of the hydrologic education developments. This model, while being used in a hydrologic education context, can be adapted in other engineering educational settings. HydroViz leverages the free Google Earth resources to enable presentation of geospatial data layers and embed them in web pages that have the same look and feel of Google Earth. These design features significantly facilitate the dissemination and adoption of HydroViz by any interested educational institutions regardless of their access to data or computer models. To facilitate classroom usage, HydroViz is populated with a set of course modules that can be used incrementally within different stages of an engineering hydrology curriculum. A pilot evaluation study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the HydroViz tool in delivering its educational content, to examine the buy-in of the program by faculty and students, and to identify specific project components that need to be further pursued and improved. A total of 182 students from seven freshmen and senior-level undergraduate classes in three universities participated in the study. HydroViz was effective in facilitating students' learning and understanding of hydrologic concepts and increasing related skills. Students had positive perceptions of various features of HydroViz and they believe that HydroViz fits well in the curriculum. In general, HydroViz tend to be more effective with students in senior-level classes than students in freshmen classes. Lessons gained from this pilot study provide guidance for future adaptation and expansion studies to scale-up the application and utility of HydroViz and other similar systems into various hydrology and water-resource engineering curriculum settings. The paper presents a set of design principles that contribute to the development of other active hydrology educational systems.

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Aziz, Yaseen. "ESTIMATION OF ANNUAL RUNOFF AND PEAK FLOW AT NAZANIN CATCHMENT IN ERBIL, KURDISTAN REGION USING DIFFERENT APPROACHES." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2E (2020): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2e.7ms-2020-11-29.

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Runoff is excess rainfall or a portion of rainfall that flows over the watershed. In un-gauged streams, due to lack of data, many methods are used for runoff estimation. In this paper annual runoff and peak flow of Nazanin watershed were estimated at Nazanin Dam location using different methods. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method, basin relation, (Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System) HEC-HMS and Hydrologic engineering center (HEC-1) models were provided. The Watershed Modeling System (WMS) package was used for watershed delineation and computation of curve number. The area of Nazanin catchment is 72.14 km2, and the composite curve number is 81.3. The results of average annual rainfall estimated using the basin relationship method are more than that obtained from SCS method. The results of peak flood discharge for different return periods using different approaches such as SCS method, HEC-HMS and HEC-1 models are very close. But the results of basin relation are lower than SCS method. From the results of comparison, it was observed that HEC-HMS and HEC-1 models can be used for generation flood hydrograph at ungagged watershed.

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Davtalab, Rahman, Ali Mirchi, Sina Khatami, et al. "Improving Continuous Hydrologic Modeling of Data-Poor River Basins Using Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System: Case Study of Karkheh River Basin." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 22, no. 8 (2017): 05017011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001525.

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Li, Jian Lin, Le Han, and Hong Yun Zhang. "Study on Evolution of River Bed and Flood Prediction at Lanzhou Section of Yellow River." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.304.

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Yellow River through Lanzhou city, so flood prevention is a very important for Lanzhou city. On the basis of the hydrologic data from 1951 to 2011 year, using river engineering model experiment, design flows and design flood hydrograph of Lanzhou section of Yellow River was simulated. On the basis of the hydrologic data from 1951 to 2011 year, evolution of river bed at Lanzhou section of Yellow River was analyzed. Sedimentation has been increasing slowly since 60 years. By the river engineering model experiments, a river-dredging plan, river width is planned 300 m, had been put forwarded. And the design flood level and water surface profile in different design flood (5600 m3/s,6500 m3/s,7920 m3/s,8350 m3/s) of Lanzhou section are gotten. It is forecast that occurrence of deluge is possible.

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Almeida, Soraia, Fernando Martins, Helena Fernandez, et al. "Efeito do incêndio de Catraia no comportamento hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Séqua." Territorium, no. 23 (November 3, 2016): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_23_12.

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O uso e a ocupação do solo, e os incêndios florestais influenciam a relação entre precipitação-escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, o regime de cheias num curso de água. Neste estudo utilizou-se o modelo Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System para simular a resposta hidrológica da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Séqua, em cenário pré-incêndio e pós-incêndio de Catraia, Algarve, Portugal. Os resultados revelam que os caudais de ponta de cheia sofrem um incremento de 25% nas sub-bacias hidrográficas mais afetadas pelo incêndio.

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Sivapalan, Murugesu. "From engineering hydrology to Earth system science: milestones in the transformation of hydrologic science." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (2018): 1665–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1665-2018.

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Abstract. Hydrology has undergone almost transformative changes over the past 50 years. Huge strides have been made in the transition from early empirical approaches to rigorous approaches based on the fluid mechanics of water movement on and below the land surface. However, progress has been hampered by problems posed by the presence of heterogeneity, including subsurface heterogeneity present at all scales. The inability to measure or map the heterogeneity everywhere prevented the development of balance equations and associated closure relations at the scales of interest, and has led to the virtual impasse we are presently in, in terms of development of physically based models needed for hydrologic predictions. An alternative to the mapping of heterogeneity everywhere is a new Earth system science view, which sees the heterogeneity as the end result of co-evolutionary hydrological, geomorphological, ecological, and pedological processes, each operating at a different rate, which help to shape the landscapes that we find in nature, including the heterogeneity that we do not readily see. The expectation is that instead of specifying exact details of the heterogeneity in our models, we can replace it (without loss of information) with the ecosystem function that they perform. Guided by this new Earth system science perspective, development of hydrologic science is now addressing new questions using novel holistic co-evolutionary approaches as opposed to the physical, fluid mechanics based reductionist approaches that we inherited from the recent past. In the emergent Anthropocene, the co-evolutionary view has expanded further to involve interactions and feedbacks with human-social processes as well. In this paper, I present my own perspective of key milestones in the transformation of hydrologic science from engineering hydrology to Earth system science, drawn from the work of several students and colleagues of mine, and discuss their implication for hydrologic observations, theory development, and predictions.

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Yin, Ruixue, Nan Zhang, Kemin Wang, et al. "Material design and photo-regulated hydrolytic degradation behavior of tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated via 3D fiber deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 2 (2017): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb02884e.

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A PLA/o-nitrobenzyl based scaffold was designed and fabricated by 3D fiber deposition to demonstrate the feasibility of photo-regulated hydrolytic degradation in vitro. It promises to approach the matched degradation with new tissues when applied in tissue engineering.

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Paravicini, Gianni. "Ist Wasserbau auch eine Frage der Ästhetik? | Is hydraulic engineering a question of aesthetics?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 7 (2008): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0205.

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There is much extended literature about classic technical hydraulic engineering and about the revitalization of bodies of water. This article deals with a third component, which has received little attention by the engineers. The author pleads for more aesthetic in hydraulic engineering, in particular in populated areas where many people use the open water bodies for recreation. It is shown that more aesthetic in hydrologic engineering often also leads to an increased ecological value. With hydraulic constructions in the canton of Lueerne, possible creative elements for the aesthetic and ecological revaluation of the course of creeks are discussed.

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Hwang, JiHyeong, HyungKeun Lee, and Khil Lee. "Effects of Nonhomogeneous Soil Characteristics on the Hydrologic Response: A Case Study." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092416.

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This study examined how different nonhomogeneous soil characteristics affected hydrologic responses in rainfall-runoff models. The cell-based FLO-2D and lumped Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) were setup. Then, water loss parameters of both the Green-Ampt infiltration approach and curve number method were prescribed and applied in three different ways: (i) a separate value for each cell (mosaic; (ii) a representative as a most frequent occurring value for a large area (predominant); (iii) and a representative as an arithmetic mean value for a watershed (arithmetic mean). The spatial variability of nonhomogeneous catchment parameters was disregarded in lumped models, while each cell had distinct surface parameters in the distributed models. This study shows that the hydrologic response was meaningfully different in different representations. For the study site, the mosaic method was recommended for distributed models, and arithmetic mean was recommended for lumped models.

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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "Hydrologic analysis of a flood based on a new Digital Elevation Model." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W4 (June 26, 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w4-127-2015.

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These The present study aims to simulate the hydrologic processes of a flood, based on a new, highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The DEM is provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, and has a spatial resolution of five meters. It was generated by the new National Project in 2012. The Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is used to simulate the hydrologic process of a flood of the Onga River in Iizuka City, Japan. A large flood event in the typhoon season in 2003 caused serious damage around the Iizuka City area. Precise records of rainfall data from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) were input into the HEC-HMS. The estimated flood area of the simulation results by HEC-HMS was identical to the observed flood area. A watershed aggregation map is also generated by HEC-HMS around the Onga River.

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Nikolic, Irena, Dijana Djurovic, Radomir Zejak, et al. "Compressive strength and hydrolytic stability of fly ash based geopolymers." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 6 (2013): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121024001n.

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The process of geopolymerization involves the reaction of solid aluminosilicate materials with highly alkaline silicate solution yielding an aluminosilicate inorganic polymer named geopolymer, which may be successfully applied in civil engineering as a replacement for cement. In this paper we have investigated the influence of synthesis parameters: solid to liquid ratio, NaOH concentration and the ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH, on the mechanical properties and hydrolytic stability of fly ash based geopolymers in distilled water, sea water and simulated acid rain. The highest value of compressive strength was obtained using 10 mol dm-3 NaOH and at the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1.5. Moreover, the results have shown that mechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymers are in correlation with their hydrolytic stability. Factors that increase the compressive strength also increase the hydrolytic stability of fly ash based geopolymers. The best hydrolytic stability of fly ash based geopolymers was shown in sea water while the lowest stability was recorded in simulated acid rain.

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Yusop, Z., C. H. Chan, and A. Katimon. "Runoff characteristics and application of HEC-HMS for modelling stormflow hydrograph in an oil palm catchment." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 8 (2007): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.690.

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Rainfall-runoff processes in a small oil palm catchment (8.2 ha) in Johor, Malaysia were examined. Storm hydrographs show rapid responses to rainfall with a short time to peak. The estimated initial hydrologic loss for the oil palm catchment is 5 mm. Despite the low initial loss, the catchment exhibits a high proportion of baseflow, approximately 54% of the total runoff. On an event basis, the stormflow response factor and runoff coefficient ranges from 0.003 to 0.21, and 0.02 to 0.44, respectively. Peakflow and stormflow volume were moderately correlated with rainfall. The hydrographs were satisfactorily modelled using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre–Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The efficiency indexes of the calibration and validation exercises are 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. Based on these preliminary findings, it could be suggested that an oil palm plantation would be able to serve reasonably well in regulating basic hydrological functions.

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Tung, Yeou-koung, and Chi-leung Wong. "Assessment of design rainfall uncertainty for hydrologic engineering applications in Hong Kong." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 28, no. 3 (2013): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0774-2.

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Ismail, Habibu, Md Rowshon Kamal, Ahmad Fikri b. Abdullah, Deepak Tirumishi Jada, and Lai Sai Hin. "Modeling Future Streamflow for Adaptive Water Allocation under Climate Change for the Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme Malaysia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144885.

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Spatial and temporal climatic variability influence on the productivity of agricultural watershed and irrigation systems. In a large irrigation system, the quantification and regulation of the flow at different locations of the channel is quite difficult manually, leading to a poor delivery of supply and demand. Water shortage is a crucial issue due to mismatch between available water and demand at intake point of Tanjung-Karang Irrigation Scheme. This study assessed the potential impacts of climate change on basin outflow for 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099 to the baseline period (1976–2005) and used it as input hydrograph to simulate river discharge. A Hydrologic Engineering Corps Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model driven by projections from ten global climate models (GCMs) with three scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) used to simulate the outflow and the Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model applied for hydraulic modeling. The projected seasonal streamflow showed a decreasing trend for future periods. The average available irrigation supply for historical period is 15.97 m3/s, which would decrease by 12%, 18%, and 21% under RCPs 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5, respectively. Projected irrigation supply showed oversupply and undersupply to the required supply during the growing season. Simulated discharge could therefore be incorporated into cropping practices to boost the sustainable distribution of water under the new realities of climate change in the future.

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Singh, Pushpendra Kumar, Pankaj Dey, Sharad Kumar Jain, and Pradeep P. Mujumdar. "Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (2020): 4691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4691-2020.

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Abstract. Hydrologic knowledge in India has a historical footprint extending over several millenniums through the Harappan civilization (∼3000–1500 BCE) and the Vedic Period (∼1500–500 BCE). As in other ancient civilizations across the world, the need to manage water propelled the growth of hydrologic science in ancient India. Most of the ancient hydrologic knowledge, however, has remained hidden and unfamiliar to the world at large until the recent times. In this paper, we provide some fascinating glimpses into the hydrological, hydraulic, and related engineering knowledge that existed in ancient India, as discussed in contemporary literature and revealed by the recent explorations and findings. The Vedas, particularly, the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, have many references to the water cycle and associated processes, including water quality, hydraulic machines, hydro-structures, and nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management. The Harappan civilization epitomizes the level of development of water sciences in ancient India that includes construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures, wastewater disposal systems based on centralized and decentralized concepts, and methods for wastewater treatment. The Mauryan Empire (∼322–185 BCE) is credited as the first “hydraulic civilization” and is characterized by the construction of dams with spillways, reservoirs, and channels equipped with spillways (Pynes and Ahars); they also had an understanding of water balance, development of water pricing systems, measurement of rainfall, and knowledge of the various hydrological processes. As we investigate deeper into the references to hydrologic works in ancient Indian literature including the mythology, many fascinating dimensions of the Indian scientific contributions emerge. This review presents the various facets of water management, exploring disciplines such as history, archeology, hydrology and hydraulic engineering, and culture and covering the geographical area of the entire Indian subcontinent to the east of the Indus River. The review covers the period from the Mature Harappan Phase to the Vedic Period and the Mauryan Empire.

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Sikorska, W., M. Zięba, M. Musioł, et al. "Forensic Engineering of Advanced Polymeric Materials—Part VII: Degradation of Biopolymer Welded Joints." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051167.

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Welding technology may be considered as a promising processing method for the formation of packaging products from biopolymers. However, the welding processes used can change the properties of the polymer materials, especially in the region of the weld. In this contribution, the impact of the welding process on the structure and properties of biopolymer welds and their ability to undergo hydrolytic degradation will be discussed. Samples for the study were made from polylactide (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) biopolymers which were welded using two methods: ultrasonic and heated tool welding. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed slight changes in the thermal properties of the samples resulting from the processing and welding method used. The results of hydrolytic degradation indicated that welds of selected biopolymers started to degrade faster than unwelded parts of the samples. The structure of degradation products at the molecular level was confirmed using mass spectrometry. It was found that hydrolysis of the PLA and PHA welds occurs via the random ester bond cleavage and leads to the formation of PLA and PHA oligomers terminated by hydroxyl and carboxyl end groups, similarly to as previously observed for unwelded PLA and PHA-based materials.

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Solaiman, Tarana A., and Slobodan P. Simonovic. "National Centers for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalyses data for hydrologic modelling on a basin scale." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 4 (2010): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-005.

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This paper evaluates the National Centers for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalyses hydroclimatic data as an initial check for assessment of hydrologic impacts of climate change at the basin scale. A reanalysis dataset for daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature from the NCEP–NCAR global (NNGR) and regional (North American Regional Reanalysis or NARR) reanalysis project has been used as input into the semidistributed hydrologic model (Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydraulic Modeling System or HEC–HMS) for the period 1980–2005. An extensive analysis has been performed for assessing the performance of the reanalysis data generated flows compared with the observed inputs during May–November. The stream flows generated from the NARR dataset show encouraging results in simulating summertime low flows with less variability and fewer errors. The results indicate that NNGR results are less accurate and highly variable. This study suggests that NARR can be adequately used as an alternative in data-scarce regions.

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Koutsovili, Eleni Ioanna, Ourania Tzoraki, Nicolaos Theodossiou, and Petros Gaganis. "Numerical assessment of climate change impact on the hydrological regime of a small Mediterranean river, Lesvos Island, Greece." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, no. 1 (2021): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0022.

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Abstract Frequency of flash floods and droughts in the Mediterranean climate zone is expected to rise in the coming years due to change of its climate. The assessment of the climate change impact at a basin scale is essential for developing mitigation and adaptation plans. This study analyses the variation of the hydrologic regime of a small Mediterranean river (the Kalloni river in Lesvos Island, Greece) by the examination of possible future climate change scenarios. The hydrologic response of the basin was simulated based on Hydrologic Modeling System developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS). Weather Generator version 6 from the Long Ashton Research Station (LARS-WG 6.0) was utilized to forecast climate data from 2021 to 2080. These forecasted climate data were then assigned as weather inputs to HEC-HMS to downscale the climate predictions of five large-scale general circulation models (GCMs) for three possible emission scenarios (such as RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The alteration of the Kalloni hydrologic regime is evaluated by comparing GCMs based estimates of future streamflow and evapotranspiration with business as usual (BaU) scenario. Variation was noted in seasonal and in annual scale forecasting of long-term average discharges, which show increasing trend in autumn and decreasing in summer and there is observed a general upward trend of actual evapotranspiration losses.

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Gao, Mao Sheng. "Clustering Analysis of Hydrologic Type in Coastal Zone." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4696.

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By the analyzing of Q cluster and characteristic factor matrix, coastal hydrological types and their distributions are found by selecting 7 characteristic factors in 26 districts of the China coastal zone. In the view of environmental hydrology and marine engineering, the distribution types of coastal zone are mainly divided into sedimentary coast (including sandy coast, muddy coast, strongly hydrodynamic coast) and rocky coast (including massive bedrock coast, grit bedrock coast, bank slope and platform coast). The formation, development and evolution of the coastal zone are mainly controlled by the land geologic actions, particularly by tectonism and hydraulic condition, and the ocean geologic actions only take part in the modification of the coastal features. The topography and lithology are mainly controlled by distribution of land water flow in coastal zone.

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Xu, Zhen Hao, Shu Cai Li, Li Ping Li, and Shao Shuai Shi. "An Innovation Simulation Method for Flow State Evolution Laws of Water Inflow and Inrush in Course of Tunnel Excavation (Part I: Theories)." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2565.

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Hydrologic and engineering geological conditions of underground engineering and mining are highly complex. Geological hazards, especially water inflow or inrush, often occur during constructions. In order to get an insight into flow state evolution laws of water inflow and inrush in karst regions, as well as the influence of tunnel excavation, a numerical simulation method was proposed with COMSOL Multiphysics. Three water flow laws, Darcy’s law, Brinkman equations and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, are coupled and linked with each other. Water pressure and velocity can be analyzed in the course of excavation, and it can be used for further study of risk control of water inflow and inrush.

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Kuntiyawichai, Kittiwet, Winai Sri-Amporn, Sarayut Wongsasri, and Prinya Chindaprasirt. "Anticipating of Potential Climate and Land Use Change Impacts on Floods: A Case Study of the Lower Nam Phong River Basin." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041158.

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This study aimed at quantifying the impacts of climate and land use changes on flood damage on different flood occurrences. A Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was calibrated for the period 2005–2011 and validated in the period 2012–2017, and was used to generate hydrographs using rainfall during the period 2020–2039 from CNRM-CM5, IPSL-CM5A-MR, and MPI-ESM-LR climate models under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. A Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model for use in generating inundation maps from hydrographs produced by HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated for 2010 and 2011 period, respectively. The climate and land use changes showed insignificant impacts on the extent of floods during 25-, 50-, and 100-year flood events, i.e., inundation in 2039 under RCP 4.5 is smaller than baseline (2000–2017) by 4.97–8.59 km2, whereas a larger difference of inundation is found for RCP 8.5 (0.39–5.30 km2). In contrast, the flood damage under RCP 4.5 (14.84–18.02 million US$) is higher than the baseline by 4.32–5.33 million US$, while the highest was found for RCP 8.5 (16.24–18.67 million US$). The agriculture was the most vulnerable, with a damage of 4.50–5.44 million US$ in RCP 4.5 and 4.94–5.72 million US$ in RCP 8.5, whereas baseline damages were 4.49–6.09 million US$. Finally, the findings are useful in the delivery of flood mitigation strategies to minimize flood risks in the lower Nam Phong River Basin.

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Rampinelli, Cássio G., Ian Knack, and Tyler Smith. "Flood Mapping Uncertainty from a Restoration Perspective: A Practical Case Study." Water 12, no. 7 (2020): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071948.

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Many hydrologic studies that are the basis for water resources planning and management rely on streamflow information. Calibration and use of hydrologic models to extend flow series based on rainfall data, perform flood frequency analysis, or develop flood maps for land use planning and design of engineering works, such as channels, dams, bridges, and water intake, are examples of such studies. In most real-world engineering applications, errors in flow data are neglected or not adequately addressed. However, because flows are estimated based on the water level measurements by fitted rating curves, they can be subjected to significant uncertainties. How large these uncertainties are and how they can impact the results of such studies is a topic of interest for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers of water resources. The quantitative assessment of these uncertainties is important to obtain a more realistic description of many water resources related studies. River restoration in many areas is limited by data availability and funding. A means to assess the uncertainty of flow data to be used in the design and analysis of river restoration projects that is cost effective and has minimal data requirements would greatly improve the reliability of river restoration design. This paper proposes an assessment of how uncertainties related to rating curves and frequency analysis may affect the results of flood mapping in a real-world application to a small watershed with limited data. A Bayesian approach was performed to obtain the posterior distributions for the model parameters and the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System) hydraulic model was used to propagate the uncertainties in the water surface elevation profiles. The analysis was conducted using freely available data and open source software, greatly reducing traditional analysis costs. The results demonstrate that for the study case the uncertainty related to the frequency analysis study impacted the water profiles more significantly than the uncertainty associated with the rating curve.

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42

Wilkerson, G. Wayne, William H. McAnally, James L. Martin, et al. "Latis: A Spatial Decision Support System to Assess Low-Impact Site Development Strategies." Advances in Civil Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/810402.

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Significant advances have been made in the use of spatial and hydrologic models to quantify the impact of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low-Impact Development (LID) practices on water quality. Further advances are the goal of this work to add selection of BMP/LID and calculation of implementation costs, all integrated into a spatial decision support system (DSS). The Hydrologic Simulation Program in FORTRAN (HSPF), an unsteady flow model, was combined with links to desktop spatial data analysis tools, a spreadsheet listing BMP/LID and their implementation, operation, and maintenance cost data. Testing of the DSS, named Latis, allowed improvements in direct design of BMP, and a survey of landscape and engineering practitioners provided the impetus for a simplified version, Latis-LIDIA.

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Taufmannová, Alice, and Michal Jeníček. "Impact of polder system on flooding in the Rolava River basin." Geografie 116, no. 2 (2011): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2011116020130.

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This paper deals with evaluating the impact of dry reservoirs on flood events. The system of dry reservoirs could create an effective part of integrated flood protection. The system of four uncontrolled dry reservoirs was theoretically implemented to the headwater part of the Rolava River basin in the Ore Mountains. The main aim was to evaluate the potential impact of the dry reservoirs on peak discharge decrease during two known rainfall events in September 2007 and in August 2006 and four theoretical scenarios – 10, 20, 50 and 100-year return period of 1-day precipitation. Rainfall-runoff modelling was carried out by means of the model HEC–HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System) with satisfactory agreement in the calibration and verification process.

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44

Mishra, Srikanta. "Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques for hydrologic modeling." Journal of Hydroinformatics 11, no. 3-4 (2009): 282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2009.048.

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Formal uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques enable hydrologic modelers to quantify the range of likely outcomes, likelihood of each outcome and an assessment of key contributors to output uncertainty. Such information is an improvement over standard deterministic point estimates for making engineering decisions under uncertainty. This paper provides an overview of various uncertainty analysis techniques that permit mapping model input uncertainty into uncertainty in model predictions. These include Monte Carlo simulation, first-order second-moment analysis, point estimate method, logic tree analysis and first-order reliability method. Also presented is an overview of sensitivity analysis techniques that permit identification of those parameters that control the uncertainty in model predictions. These include stepwise regression, mutual information (entropy) analysis and classification tree analysis. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the practical applicability of these techniques. The paper also discusses a systematic framework for carrying out uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.

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Patil, Vaishnavi Kiran, Vidya R. Saraf, Omkesh V. Karad, Swapnil B. Ghodke, Dnyanesvar Gore, and Shweta S. Dhekale. "Simulation of Rainfall Runoff Process Using HEC-HMS Model for Upper Godavari Basin Maharashtra, India." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.927.

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The Hydrologic Engineering Centers Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall- runoff process. Hydrological modeling is a commonly used tool to estimate the basin’s hydrological response due to precipitation. It allows to predict the hydrologic response to various watershed management practices and to have a better understanding of the impacts of these practices. It is evident from the extensive review of the literature that the studies on comparative assessment of watershed models for hydrologic simulations are very much limited in developing countries including India. In this study, modified SCS Curve Number method is applied to determine loss model as a major component in rainfall-runoff modeling. The study of HEC-HMS model is used to simulate rainfallrunoff process in Nashik region (Upper Godavari basin), Maharashtra. To compute runoff volume, peak runoff rate, and flow routing methods SCS curve number, SCS unit hydrograph, Exponential recession and Muskingum routing methods are chosen, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that HEC-HMS tool applied to watershed proved to be useful in achieving the various objectives. The study confirmed a significant increase in runoff as a result of urbanization. It is a powerful tool for flood forecasting Index

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46

Loskot, Jan, Daniel Jezbera, Aleš Bezrouk, et al. "Raman Spectroscopy as a Novel Method for the Characterization of Polydioxanone Medical Stents Biodegradation." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185462.

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Polydioxanone (PPDX), as an FDA approved polymer in tissue engineering, is an important component of some promising medical devices, e.g., biodegradable stents. The hydrolytic degradation of polydioxanone stents plays a key role in the safety and efficacy of treatment. A new fast and convenient method to quantitatively evaluate the hydrolytic degradation of PPDX stent material was developed. PPDX esophageal stents were degraded in phosphate-buffered saline for 24 weeks. For the first time, the changes in Raman spectra during PPDX biodegradation have been investigated here. The level of PPDX hydrolytic degradation was determined from the Raman spectra by calculating the area under the 1732 cm−1 peak shoulder. Raman spectroscopy, unlike Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, is also sensitive enough to monitor the decrease in the dye content in the stents during the degradation. Observation by a scanning electron microscope showed gradually growing cracks, eventually leading to the stent disintegration. The material crystallinity was increasing during the first 16 weeks, suggesting preferential degradation of the amorphous phase. Our results show a new easy and reliable way to evaluate the progression of PPDX hydrolytic degradation. The proposed approach can be useful for further studies on the behavior of PPDX materials, and for clinical practice.

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Chen, Xiaodong, Faisal Hossain, and L. Ruby Leung. "Establishing a Numerical Modeling Framework for Hydrologic Engineering Analyses of Extreme Storm Events." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 22, no. 8 (2017): 04017016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001523.

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Paasche, Hendrik. "Translating tomographic ambiguity into the probabilistic inference of hydrologic and engineering target parameters." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 4 (2017): EN67—EN79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0618.1.

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Geophysical tomography allows for spatially continuous imaging of physical parameters. In many hydrological or engineering exploration tasks, other parameters than those imaged by geophysical tomography are of higher interest, but they cannot be measured continuously in space. We have developed a methodology linking multiple tomograms imaging different physical parameters with a sparsely measured target parameter striving to achieve probabilistic, spatially continuous predictions of the target parameter distribution. Building on a fully nonlinear tomographic model reconstruction searching the solution space globally, we translate the tomographic model reconstruction ambiguity into the prediction of the target parameter. In doing so, we structurally integrate physically different tomograms achieved by individual inversion by transforming them into fuzzy sets. In a postinversion analysis, systems of linear equations are then set up and solved linking the fuzzy sets and sparse information about the target parameter, e.g., measured in boreholes. The method is fully data driven and does not require knowledge or assumptions about the expected relations between the tomographically imaged physical parameters and the target parameter. It is applicable to 2D and 3D tomographic data. Practically, the parameter interrelations can be of any complexity, including nonuniqueness. We evaluate the methodology using a synthetic database allowing for maximal control of the achieved predictions. We exemplarily predict 2D probabilistic models of porosity based on sparse porosity logging data and sets of equivalently plausible radar and seismic-velocity tomograms.

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Jones, C., M. Sultan, E. Yan, et al. "Hydrologic impacts of engineering projects on the Tigris–Euphrates system and its marshlands." Journal of Hydrology 353, no. 1-2 (2008): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.029.

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Hardesty, Sage, Xinyi Shen, Efthymios Nikolopoulos, and Emmanouil Anagnostou. "A Numerical Framework for Evaluating Flood Inundation Hazard under Different Dam Operation Scenarios—A Case Study in Naugatuck River." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121798.

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Worldwide, many river floodplains contain critical infrastructure that is vulnerable to extreme hydrologic events. These structures are designed based on flood frequency analysis aimed at quantifying the magnitude and recurrence of the extreme events. This research topic focuses on estimating flood vulnerability at ungauged locations based on an integrative framework consisting of a distributed rainfall–runoff model forced with long-term (37 years) reanalysis meteorological data and a hydraulic model driven by high-resolution airborne LiDAR-derived terrain elevation data. The framework is applied to a critical power infrastructure located within Connecticut’s Naugatuck River Basin. The hydrologic model reanalysis is used to derive 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year return period flood peaks, which are then used to drive Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic simulations to estimate the inundation risk at the infrastructure location under different operation strategies of an upstream reservoir. This study illustrates the framework’s potential for creating flood maps at ungauged locations and demonstrates the effects of different water management scenarios on the flood risk of the downstream infrastructure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrolic engineering'

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