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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrologist'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Ferre, Ty P. A. "Being Bayesian: Discussions from the Perspectives of Stakeholders and Hydrologists." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020461.

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Bayes’ Theorem is gaining acceptance in hydrology, but it is still far from standard practice to cast hydrologic analyses in a Bayesian context—especially in the realm of hydrologic practice. Three short discussions are presented to encourage more complete adoption of a Bayesian approach. The first, aimed at a stakeholder audience, seeks to explain that an informal Bayesian analysis is the default approach that we all take to any decision made under uncertainty. The second, aimed at a general hydrologist audience, seeks to establish multi-model approaches as the natural choice for Bayesian hyd

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2

Krause, P., D. P. Boyle, and F. Bäse. "Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment." Advances in Geosciences 5 (December 16, 2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-5-89-2005.

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Abstract. The evaluation of hydrologic model behaviour and performance is commonly made and reported through comparisons of simulated and observed variables. Frequently, comparisons are made between simulated and measured streamflow at the catchment outlet. In distributed hydrological modelling approaches, additional comparisons of simulated and observed measurements for multi-response validation may be integrated into the evaluation procedure to assess overall modelling performance. In both approaches, single and multi-response, efficiency criteria are commonly used by hydrologists to provide

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3

Beven, Keith. "Advice to a young hydrologist." Hydrological Processes 30, no. 20 (2016): 3578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10879.

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4

Narasimhan, T. N. "New Horizons for the Corporate Hydrologist." Ground Water 41, no. 1 (2003): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02560.x.

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5

Kanaskie, Leona. "Pioneering hydrologist wins Stockholm Water Prize." Environmental Science & Technology 36, no. 9 (2002): 184A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es022298u.

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Rhett Jackson, C., Wayne T. Swank, and Rob Olszewski. "Hydrologist: John D. Hewlett (1922-2004)." Hydrological Processes 19, no. 10 (2005): 2093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5885.

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7

Jarvis, Todd. "Corporate Hydrologist and the Communications Gap." Groundwater 46, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00368.x.

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8

Schaefer, V. "Horton Falls named for pioneer hydrologist." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 72, no. 18 (1991): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00152.

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9

Moreido, Vsevolod, Boris Gartsman, Dimitri P. Solomatine, and Zoya Suchilina. "How Well Can Machine Learning Models Perform without Hydrologists? Application of Rational Feature Selection to Improve Hydrological Forecasting." Water 13, no. 12 (2021): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121696.

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With more machine learning methods being involved in social and environmental research activities, we are addressing the role of available information for model training in model performance. We tested the abilities of several machine learning models for short-term hydrological forecasting by inferring linkages with all available predictors or only with those pre-selected by a hydrologist. The models used in this study were multivariate linear regression, the M5 model tree, multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. We used two river cat

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Rusinek, O. T., L. N. Kuimova, E. S. Troitskaya, P. P. Sherstyankin, and M. N. Shimaraev. "Vladimir Ilyich Verbolov: Fighter, Scientist-Hydrologist, Teacher." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 35 (2021): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.35.108.

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The article is dedicated to the Baikal hydrologist Vladimir Ilyich Verbolov, who devoted his entire life to the study of Lake Baikal. He participated in the Great Patriotic War. Vladimir Ilyich Verbolov was awarded many awards for bravery, courage and valor: the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War II degree, the badge “Guard”. Vladimir Ilyich also received the gratitude Of the Supreme commander-in-chief I. V. Stalin and was awarded medals: “For bravery”, “For military merit”, “For the capture of Berlin”, “For the liberation of Warsaw”, “For victory in the great Patriotic w

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Wagener, T., C. Kelleher, M. Weiler, et al. "It takes a community to raise a hydrologist: the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (2012): 3405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3405-2012.

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Abstract. Protection from hydrological extremes and the sustainable supply of hydrological services in the presence of changing climate and lifestyles as well as rocketing population pressure in many parts of the world are the defining societal challenges for hydrology in the 21st century. A review of the existing literature shows that these challenges and their educational consequences for hydrology were foreseeable and were even predicted by some. However, surveys of the current educational basis for hydrology also clearly demonstrate that hydrology education is not yet ready to prepare stud

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Wagener, T., C. Kelleher, M. Weiler, et al. "It takes a community to raise a hydrologist: the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (2012): 2321–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2321-2012.

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Abstract. Protection from hydrological extremes and the sustainable supply of hydrological services in the presence of climate change and increasing population pressure are the defining societal challenges for hydrology in the 21st century. A review of the existing literature shows that these challenges and their educational consequences for hydrology were foreseeable and were predicted by some. Surveys of the current educational basis, however, also clearly demonstrate that hydrology education is not yet prepared to deal with this challenge. We present our own vision of the necessary future e

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13

Cook, Margaret. "John Baillie Henderson: A hydrologist in colonial Brisbane." International Review of Environmental History 4, no. 1 (2018): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ireh.04.01.2018.06.

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14

Hossain, Faisal, and George J. Huffman. "Investigating Error Metrics for Satellite Rainfall Data at Hydrologically Relevant Scales." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 3 (2008): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm925.1.

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Abstract This paper addresses the following open question: What set of error metrics for satellite rainfall data can advance the hydrologic application of new-generation, high-resolution rainfall products over land? The authors’ primary aim is to initiate a framework for building metrics that are mutually interpretable by hydrologists (users) and algorithm developers (data producers) and to provide more insightful information on the quality of the satellite estimates. In addition, hydrologists can use the framework to develop a space–time error model for simulating stochastic realizations of s

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Zohary, Tamar. "Alon Rimmer: Tenacious hydrologist, devoted editor, mentor 1956–2018." Journal of Hydrology 588 (September 2020): 125067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125067.

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16

ATKINSON, George. "Eugène Belgrand (1810–1878): Civil Engineer, Geologist and Pioneer Hydrologist." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 69, no. 1 (1997): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1997.005.

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Downing, R. A., W. Eastwood, and K. R. Rushton. "Norman Savage Boulton (1899–1984): civil engineer and groundwater hydrologist." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 225, no. 1 (2004): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.225.01.23.

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18

Zlatanović, Nikola, and Sonja Gavrić. "Comparison of an Automated and Manual Method for Calculating Storm Runoff Response in Ungauged Catchments in Serbia." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61, no. 3 (2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2013-0025.

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Abstract Estimation of discharge from ungauged catchments based on rainfall-runoff analysis is a very frequent task in engineering hydrology. Very often, design discharges are needed for streams or small rivers where no streamflow data is available (river training works, culverts, small hydropower plants, etc). This study uses a well established lumped hydrologic rainfall-runoff model to compare two different approaches in data preparation. The traditional method of manual obtainment of catchment parameters was compared to a more contemporary methodology using automation with geographic inform

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19

Siegel, Donald I. "?Truth or Consequences? for the practicing hydrologist: on scientific certainty and ethics." Hydrological Processes 15, no. 3 (2001): 521–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.437.

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20

Coulibaly, Paulin, François Anctil, and Bernard Bobée. "Prévision hydrologique par réseaux de neurones artificiels : état de l'art." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 3 (1999): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-069.

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Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a novel approximation method for complex systems especially useful when the well-known statistical methods are not efficient. The multilayer perceptrons have been mainly used for hydrological forecasting over the last years. However, the connectionist theory and language are not much known to the hydrologist communauty. This paper aims to make up this gap. The ANN architectures and learning rules are presented to allow the best choice of their application. Stochastic methods and the neural network approach are compared in terms of methodology steps in the c

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Abdaljlel, Ibrahim Abdalrhman, Adel Youssef Georgi, and Amjad Hamed Shaker. "Designing Water Distribution Network To Aledekhar and Alshababia and supporting it by new Pipes by using genetic algorithms technic." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.015.

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This research involves the redesigning (replacement) of the water disterbution network at Aledekhar and AlShababia , using genetic algorithm technology,then studying Add new Pipes to the current network with in parallel with the old, comparing the two solutions economically and hydraulically, and determining the coefficient of Hydraulic Reliability based on the study of the status of the network designed usingthetechnology of genetic algorithms by testing under the Fire situation, to achieve a more optimal solution, by Using software called Darwin Designer, this software was designed by the So

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Van Meerveld, H. J., B. M. C. Fischer, M. Rinderer, M. Stähli, and J. Seibert. "Runoff generation in a pre-alpine catchment: A discussion between a tracer and a shallow groundwater hydrologist." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 44, no. 2 (2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3349.

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Runoff generation mechanisms vary between catchments and despite decades of research in many catchments, these mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this paper, runoff generation mechanisms in the steep pre-alpine catchments in the Alptal, Switzerland, are discussed. These fast responding catchments are characterized by low permeability soils on top of flysch bedrock. In combination with the high and frequent precipitation, this results in predominantly wet conditions. In many areas, the water table is close to the surface. We review the main results of recent (2009-2016) studies in th

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23

Qiu, Jane. "Safeguarding China's water resources." National Science Review 5, no. 1 (2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy007.

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Abstract Water is scarce in China. The country ekes by with only one-quarter of the global average for water per person. The scarcity is exacerbated by rampant pollution—with devastating consequences on ecosystems, food supply and public health. In the face of growing population, water pollution threatens the very survival of the Chinese nation. In his speech at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China last October, President Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized the importance to redress the balance between economic development and environmental protection. One of his most freque

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Kotyukova, Tatiana. "“Other Turkestan” by Senator Konstantin Palen and engineer Nikolay Shchapov." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016261-6.

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This article is devoted to two practically unknown photo collections that visualize Turkestan at the beginning of the twentieth century. The first, stored in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) and consisting of 4 photo albums, was collected during the Senate audit of the Turkestan Territory under the leadership of Count K. K. Palen in 1908—1909. The second collection of photographs, shot in 1911—1913 in Turkestan, is part of a large and diverse personal photo collection of hydrologist engineer N. M. Shchapov, stored in the Central State Archive of Moscow, the Center for the Storage of

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Terribile, F., A. Coppola, G. Langella, M. Martina, and A. Basile. "Potential and limitations of using soil mapping information to understand landscape hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (2011): 4927–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4927-2011.

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Abstract. The role of soil properties and their spatial distribution in the landscape are already recognised as crucial issues greatly affecting rainfall-runoff dynamics and hence landscape hydrology. This becomes even more important when hydrological monitoring data are lacking. This applies to the critical issue of making hydrological predictions for ungauged basins. The rapid development of hydropedology along with Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) is promising to both enhance our understanding and (spatial) prediction capacity of rainfall-runoff processes and to be a powerful tool for environment

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McMahon, T. A., M. C. Peel, L. Lowe, R. Srikanthan, and T. R. McVicar. "Estimating actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation using standard meteorological data: a pragmatic synthesis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (2013): 1331–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1331-2013.

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Abstract. This guide to estimating daily and monthly actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation covers topics that are of interest to researchers, consulting hydrologists and practicing engineers. Topics include estimating actual evaporation from deep lakes and from farm dams and for catchment water balance studies, estimating potential evaporation as input to rainfall-runoff models, and reference crop evapotranspiration for small irrigation areas, and for irrigation within large irrigation districts. Inspiration for this guide arose in response to the authors' experiences in review

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McMahon, T. A., M. C. Peel, L. Lowe, R. Srikanthan, and T. R. McVicar. "Estimating actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation using standard meteorological data: a pragmatic synthesis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (2012): 11829–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-11829-2012.

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Abstract. This guide to estimating daily and monthly actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation covers topics that are of interest to researchers, consulting hydrologists and practicing engineers. Topics include estimating actual evaporation from deep lakes and from farm dams and for catchment water balance studies, estimating potential evaporation as input to rainfall-runoff models, and reference crop evapotranspiration for small irrigation areas, and for irrigation within large irrigation districts. Inspiration for this guide arose in response to the authors' experiences in review

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Szczepanek, Robert. "Proposal of a Python interface to OpenMI, as the base for open source hydrological framework." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 7 (December 29, 2011): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.7.8.

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Hydrologists need simple, yet powerful, open source framework for developing and testing mathematical models. Such framework should ensure long-term interoperability and high scalability. This can be done by implementation of the existing, already tested standards. At the moment two interesting options exist: Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI) and Object Modeling System (OMS). OpenMI was developed within the Fifth European Framework Programme for integrated watershed management, described in the Water Framework Directive. OpenMI interfaces are available for the C# and Java programming languages

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Sil, Briti Sundar, Angana Borah, Shubrajyoti Deb, and Biplab Das. "DEVELOPMENT OF RIVER FLOOD ROUTING MODEL USING NON-LINEAR MUSKINGUM EQUATION AND EXCEL TOOL 'GANetXL'." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (2017): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.214-220.

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Flood routing is of utmost importance to water resources engineers and hydrologist. Muskingum model is one of the popular methods for river flood routing which often require a huge computational work. To solve the routing parameters, most of the established methods require knowledge about different computer programmes and sophisticated models. So, it is beneficial to have a tool which is comfortable to users having more knowledge about everyday decision making problems rather than the development of computational models as the programmes. The use of micro-soft excel and its relevant tool like

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Sil, Briti Sundar, Angana Borah, Shubrajyoti Deb, and Biplab Das. "DEVELOPMENT OF RIVER FLOOD ROUTING MODEL USING NON-LINEAR MUSKINGUM EQUATION AND EXCEL TOOL 'GANetXL'." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (2017): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.214220.

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Flood routing is of utmost importance to water resources engineers and hydrologist. Muskingum model is one of the popular methods for river flood routing which often require a huge computational work. To solve the routing parameters, most of the established methods require knowledge about different computer programmes and sophisticated models. So, it is beneficial to have a tool which is comfortable to users having more knowledge about everyday decision making problems rather than the development of computational models as the programmes. The use of micro-soft excel and its relevant tool like

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31

Halik, Gusfan, Nadjadji Anwar, Budi Santosa, and Edijatno. "Reservoir Inflow Prediction under GCM Scenario Downscaled by Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine Hybrid Models." Advances in Civil Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/515376.

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Climate change has significant impacts on changing precipitation patterns causing the variation of the reservoir inflow. Nowadays, Indonesian hydrologist performs reservoir inflow prediction according to the technical guideline of Pd-T-25-2004-A. This technical guideline does not consider the climate variables directly, resulting in significant deviation to the observation results. This research intends to predict the reservoir inflow using the statistical downscaling (SD) of General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs. The GCM outputs are obtained from the National Center for Environmental Predic

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Lye, Leonard M. "A technique for selecting the Box–Cox transformation in flood frequency analysis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 5 (1993): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-101.

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In hydrology, the Box–Cox power normal transformation has been found to perform well in a number of at-site and regional flood frequency studies. In this paper, an alternative to the maximum likelihood method of finding the Box–Cox transformation parameter, λ, is suggested. The proposed method is based on finding the λ that maximizes the correlation coefficient in the probability plot correlation coefficient test for normality. The proposed method of finding λ was tested on maximum daily discharge data from all over Canada and was found to give almost identical results to that obtained by the

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Keeland, B. D., and R. R. Sharitz. "Seasonal growth patterns of Nyssasylvatica var biflora, Nyssaaquatica, and Taxodiumdistichum s affected by hydrologic regime." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 7 (1995): 1084–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-120.

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Hydrologic regime is a major influence on the growth of wetland plants. We examined seasonal growth patterns of three wetland tree species, Nyssasylvatica var. biflora (Walter) Sargent, Nyssaaquatica L., and Taxodiumdistichum (L.) Rich., to determine responses to variations in hydrologie regime. Five study sites were chosen in two river-floodplain swamps to represent a gradient of hydrologie regimes, and the weekly changes in diameter of over 600 mature trees at these sites were measured with dendrometer bands throughout two growing seasons. Total growth, time of growth cessation, and length o

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Sanchez, Christopher A., Benjamin L. Ruddell, Roy Schiesser, and Venkatesh Merwade. "Enhancing the T-shaped learning profile when teaching hydrology using data, modeling, and visualization activities." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 3 (2016): 1289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1289-2016.

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Abstract. Previous research has suggested that the use of more authentic learning activities can produce more robust and durable knowledge gains. This is consistent with calls within civil engineering education, specifically hydrology, that suggest that curricula should more often include professional perspective and data analysis skills to better develop the "T-shaped" knowledge profile of a professional hydrologist (i.e., professional breadth combined with technical depth). It was expected that the inclusion of a data-driven simulation lab exercise that was contextualized within a real-world

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Sanchez, C. A., B. L. Ruddell, R. Schiesser, and V. Merwade. "Enhancing the T-shaped learning profile when teaching hydrology using data, modeling, and visualization activities." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 7 (2015): 6327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-6327-2015.

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Abstract. Previous research has suggested that the use of more authentic learning activities can produce more robust and durable knowledge gains. This is consistent with calls within civil engineering education, specifically hydrology, that suggest that curricula should more often include professional perspective and data analysis skills to better develop the "T-shaped" knowledge profile of a professional hydrologist (i.e., professional breadth combined with technical depth). It was expected that the inclusion of a data driven simulation lab exercise that was contextualized within a real-world

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Vrac, M., P. Naveau, and P. Drobinski. "Modeling pairwise dependencies in precipitation intensities." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 14, no. 6 (2007): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-14-789-2007.

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Abstract. In statistics, extreme events are classically defined as maxima over a block length (e.g. annual maxima of daily precipitation) or as exceedances above a given large threshold. These definitions allow the hydrologist and the flood planner to apply the univariate Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to their time series of interest. But these strategies have two main drawbacks. Firstly, working with maxima or exceedances implies that a lot of observations (those below the chosen threshold or the maximum) are completely disregarded. Secondly, this univariate modeling does not take into account t

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Chang, Sun Woo, Sama S. Memari, and T. Prabhakar Clement. "PyTheis—A Python Tool for Analyzing Pump Test Data." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162180.

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The Theis equation is an important mathematical model used for analyzing drawdown data obtained from pumping tests to estimate aquifer parameters. Since the Theis model is a nonlinear equation, a complex graphical procedure is employed for fitting this equation to pump test data. This graphical method was originally proposed by Theis in the late 1930s, and since then, all the groundwater textbooks have included this fitting method. Over the past 90 years, every groundwater hydrologist has been trained to use this tedious procedure for estimating the values of aquifer transmissivity (T) and sto

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Curtis, David C. "Use of Weather Surveillance Radars—88 Doppler Data in Hydrologic Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1647, no. 1 (1998): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1647-08.

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Successful hydrologic modeling depends heavily on high-quality rainfall data sets. If hydrologists cannot determine what is coming into a watershed, there is little chance that any hydrologic model will accurately estimate what is coming out on a consistent basis. Hydrologists are frequently forced to use rainfall data sets derived from sparse rain gauge networks that poorly resolve critical rainfall features, leading to inadequate model results. Over the past several years, the modernizing National Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Department of Defense have instal

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Xuan, Y., I. D. Cluckie, and Y. Wang. "Uncertainty analysis of hydrological ensemble forecasts in a distributed model utilising short-range rainfall prediction." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 3 (2009): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-293-2009.

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Abstract. Advances in mesoscale numerical weather predication make it possible to provide rainfall forecasts along with many other data fields at increasingly higher spatial resolutions. It is currently possible to incorporate high-resolution NWPs directly into flood forecasting systems in order to obtain an extended lead time. It is recognised, however, that direct application of rainfall outputs from the NWP model can contribute considerable uncertainty to the final river flow forecasts as the uncertainties inherent in the NWP are propagated into hydrological domains and can also be magnifie

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Cluckie, I. D., Y. Xuan, and Y. Wang. "Uncertainty analysis of hydrological ensemble forecasts in a distributed model utilising short-range rainfall prediction." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 5 (2006): 3211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-3211-2006.

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Abstract. Advances in meso-scale numerical weather predication make it possible to provide rainfall forecasts along with many other data fields at increasingly higher spatial resolutions. It is currently possible to incorporate high-resolution NWPs directly into flood forecasting systems in order to obtain an extended lead time. It is recognised, however, that direct application of rainfall outputs from the NWP model can contribute considerable uncertainty to the final river flow forecasts as the uncertainties inherent in the NWP are propagated into hydrological domains and can also be magnifi

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Mello, Carlos Rogério de, and Nilton Curi. "Hydropedology." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 2 (2012): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000200001.

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Pedology consists of a sub-area of Soil Science that studies the soil and its origin as well as its inter-relationship with the landscape. Hydrology is the science that studies the water in nature in its different mediums (atmosphere, soil and rock), using the watershed as a reference for analysis of the water dynamics and also its interaction with the landscape. The relationship between these two branches of knowledge has been the object of debate and analysis in recent years, contributing to the creation of a multidisciplinary science, which seeks to integrate the respective fields of resear

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Roberts, Wade, Gustavious P. Williams, Elise Jackson, E. James Nelson, and Daniel P. Ames. "Hydrostats: A Python Package for Characterizing Errors between Observed and Predicted Time Series." Hydrology 5, no. 4 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040066.

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Hydrologists use a number of tools to compare model results to observed flows. These include tools to pre-process the data, data frames to store and access data, visualization and plotting routines, error metrics for single realizations, and ensemble metrics for stochastic realizations to calibrate and evaluate hydrologic models. We present an open-source Python package to help characterize predicted and observed hydrologic time series data called hydrostats which has three main capabilities: Data storage and retrieval based on the Python Data Analysis Library (pandas), visualization and plott

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Haider, Sajjad, and Shahzada Adnan. "Classification and Assessment of Aridity Over Pakistan Provinces (1960-2009)." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 4 (2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11728.

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Due to rapid growth of population, massive deforestation and anthropogenic activities, noticeable change in climate conditions is being observed in Pakistan. Increased aridity due to climate change is a growing environmental problem of the agricultural country like Pakistan. It is essential to assess and monitor aridity to combat the probable land degradation and drought desertification. Identification of arid and semi arid regions on climatic basis is the first essential step in any project of land reclamation for agricultural and other purposes. A geographic information system is used in thi

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Thompson, S. E., M. Sivapalan, C. J. Harman, et al. "Developing predictive insight into changing water systems: use-inspired hydrologic science for the Anthropocene." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (2013): 7897–961. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-7897-2013.

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Abstract. Globally, many different kinds of water resources management issues call for policy and infrastructure based responses. Yet responsible decision making about water resources management raises a fundamental challenge for hydrologists: making predictions about water resources on decadal-to-century long timescales. Obtaining insight into hydrologic futures over 100 yr timescales forces researchers to address internal and exogenous changes in the properties of hydrologic systems. To do this, new hydrologic research must identify, describe and model feedbacks between water and other chang

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Mackay, N. G., R. E. Chandler, C. Onof, and H. S. Wheater. "Disaggregation of spatial rainfall fields for hydrological modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 2 (2001): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-165-2001.

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Abstract. Meteorological models generate fields of precipitation and other climatological variables as spatial averages at the scale of the grid used for numerical solution. The grid-scale can be large, particularly for GCMs, and disaggregation is required, for example to generate appropriate spatial-temporal properties of rainfall for coupling with surface-boundary conditions or more general hydrological applications. A method is presented here which considers the generation of the wet areas and the simulation of rainfall intensities separately. For the first task, a nearest-neighbour Markov

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Khadka, Nitesh, Nitesh Khadka, Shravan Kumar Ghimire, et al. "Dynamics of Maximum Snow Cover Area and Snow Line Altitude Across Nepal (2003-2018) Using Improved MODIS Data." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v25i2.33729.

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Snow is one of the main components of the cryosphere and plays a vital role in the hydrology and regulating climate. This study presents the dynamics of maximum snow cover area (SCA) and snow line altitude (SLA) across the Western, Central, and Eastern Nepal using improved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 500 m) data from 2003 to 2018. The results showed a heterogeneous behavior of the spatial and temporal variations of SCA in different months, seasons, and elevation zones across three regions of Nepal. Further, the maximum and minimum SCA was observed in winter (December-

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Thompson, S. E., M. Sivapalan, C. J. Harman, et al. "Developing predictive insight into changing water systems: use-inspired hydrologic science for the Anthropocene." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (2013): 5013–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5013-2013.

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Abstract. Globally, many different kinds of water resources management issues call for policy- and infrastructure-based responses. Yet responsible decision-making about water resources management raises a fundamental challenge for hydrologists: making predictions about water resources on decadal- to century-long timescales. Obtaining insight into hydrologic futures over 100 yr timescales forces researchers to address internal and exogenous changes in the properties of hydrologic systems. To do this, new hydrologic research must identify, describe and model feedbacks between water and other cha

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Reli, Siti Nurbaidzuri, Izham Mohamad Yusoff, Habibah Lateh, and Muhamad Uznir Ujang. "A Review of Infiltration Excess Overland Flow (IEOF): Terms, Models and Environmental Impact." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 3 (2016): 490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v4i2.5098.

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High precipitation rate usually give an impact on soil instability and streamflow volume that lead to hazard such as landslide, soil erosion and flood. However, such hazard might happen as a result of various factors including types of soil, soil structure, land used, human activities and surface and subsurface water flow. The major changes on flow rate might change the soil structure and flow direction due to high volume of precipitation with uneven dispersion, especially in hilly topography. The research on Streamflow Generating Process (SGP) has been advancing in order to understand the for

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Qiu, Jane. "World Meteorological Organization: scaling the peaks for social benefits." National Science Review 5, no. 6 (2018): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy115.

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Abstract Climate change is tightening its grip on high mountains. Yet, unlike their island counterparts, the ordeals facing mountain communities are under-studied and under-appreciated. But that's about to change. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is looking to enable better understanding of the physical processes in mountainous regions, especially their glaciers and ice fields at high elevations, by bringing together meteorological and research communities around the world. This will help identify the key stressors in the mountain environment and facilitate disaster reduction, as we

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de Marsily, Ghislain. "Will We Soon Run Out of Water?" Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 76, Suppl. 1 (2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515019.

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In 2000, the World population was 6.2 billion; it reached 7 billion in 2012 and should reach 9.5 billion (±0.4) in 2050 and 11 billion (±1.5) in 2100, according to UN projections. The trend after 2100 is still one of global demographic growth, but after 2060, Africa would be the only continent where the population would still increase. The amount of water consumed annually to produce the food necessary to meet the needs varies greatly between countries, from about 600 to 2,500 m<sup>3</sup>/year per capita, depending on their wealth, their food habits (particularly meat consumption

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