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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrology - China - Pearl River'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Liu, X., X. Zhang, Q. Tang, and X. Zhang. "Effects of surface wind speed decline on hydrology in China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 11293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11293-2013.

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Abstract. Surface wind speed decline in China has been widely reported, but its effects on hydrology have not been fully evaluated to date. In this study, the effects of wind speed change on hydrology are investigated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model for China during 1966–2011. Two model experiments, i.e. VIC simulations with the observed (EXP1) and detrended wind speed (EXP2), are performed over the major river basins in China. The differences between the two experiments are analyzed to assess the effects of wind speed decline on hydrology. Results show that wind speed has decreased by 29% in China. The wind speed decline have resulted in a decrease of evapotranspiration by 1–3% of mean annual evapotranspiration and an increase of runoff by 1–6% of mean annual runoff at most basins in China. The effect of wind speed on runoff and soil moisture is large in the northern basins where small change in hydrological conditions would have significant implications for water management. In addition, Wind speed decline has offset the expansion of the drought area in China. It has contributed to a reduction of drought areas by 8.8% of the mean drought area (i.e. approximate 10.6 × 104 km2 out of 1.2 × 106 km2) over China. The effect of wind speed decline on soil moisture drought is large in most basins in China expect for the Southwest and Pearl River basins.

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2

Luo, Xian-Lin, Eddy Y. Zeng, Rong-Yao Ji, and Chao-Pin Wang. "Effects of in-channel sand excavation on the hydrology of the Pearl River Delta, China." Journal of Hydrology 343, no. 3-4 (2007): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.019.

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3

Huang, Z., and H. Yang. "Dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change at catchments scale over China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 12 (2015): 12911–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12911-2015.

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Abstract. With global climate changes intensifying, the hydrological response to climate changes has attracted more attentions. It is beneficial not only for hydrology and ecology but also for water resources planning and management to reveal the impacts of climate change on runoff. It is of great significance of climate elasticity of runoff to estimate the impacts of climatic factors on runoff. In addition, there are large spatial variations in climate type and geography characteristics over China. To get a better understanding the spatial variation of runoff response to climate variables change and detect the dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change, we chose the climate elasticity method proposed by Yang and Yang (2011), where the impact of the catchment characteristics on runoff was represented by a parameter n. The results show that the dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff is precipitation in the most part of China, net radiation in the lower reach of Yangtze River Basin, the Pearl River Basin, the Huai River Basin and the southeast area, and wind speed in part of the northeast China.

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4

Wang, Xianwei, Yu Guo, and Jie Ren. "The Coupling Effect of Flood Discharge and Storm Surge on Extreme Flood Stages: A Case Study in the Pearl River Delta, South China." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 4 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00355-5.

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AbstractThe low-lying Pearl River Delta in South China is subject to severe flood threats due to watershed floods, sea level rise, and storm surges. It is still unknown to what extent and how far inland storm surges and sea level rise impact the extreme flood stages. This study investigated the coupling effect of flood discharge and storm surge on the extreme flood stages in the Pearl River Delta by using on site observations and simulations generated by the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System model. The results show that flood discharges dominated the flood stages in the middle and upper Pearl River Delta, while the storm surges had maximum impact near the river mouth. The storm surges and flood stages showed a significant increase after 2002 in the Hengmen waterway. The design flood stages for the post-2002 period were 0.23–0.89 m higher than the pre-2002 ones at Hengmen at the six return periods from 5 to 200 years examined in this study. Their difference declined toward the upper waterway and reduced to zero about 23 km away from the Hengmen outlet. The coincidence of extreme flood discharges and storm surges further escalates the extreme flood stages in the lower 30 km of estuarine waterways. Our results quantify the severe threats due to sea level rise and intensified storm surges in the lower Pearl River Delta, and are significant for urban planning and designing and managing flood control facilities in the Pearl River Delta and in other coastal fluvial deltas.

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5

Kaufmann, Robert K., Karen C. Seto, Annemarie Schneider, Zouting Liu, Liming Zhou, and Weile Wang. "Climate Response to Rapid Urban Growth: Evidence of a Human-Induced Precipitation Deficit." Journal of Climate 20, no. 10 (2007): 2299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4109.1.

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Abstract The authors establish the effect of urbanization on precipitation in the Pearl River Delta of China with data from an annual land use map (1988–96) derived from Landsat images and monthly climate data from 16 local meteorological stations. A statistical analysis of the relationship between climate and urban land use in concentric buffers around the stations indicates that there is a causal relationship from temporal and spatial patterns of urbanization to temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation during the dry season. Results suggest an urban precipitation deficit in which urbanization reduces local precipitation. This reduction may be caused by changes in surface hydrology that extend beyond the urban heat island effect and energy-related aerosol emissions.

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6

Liu, Feng, Lixia Niu, Hui Chen, Ping Li, Feng Tian, and Qingshu Yang. "Seasonal changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in response to hydrology and anthropogenic activities in the Pearl River estuary, China." Marine Pollution Bulletin 117, no. 1-2 (2017): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.061.

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7

Niu, Lixia, Pieter van Gelder, Xiangxin Luo, Huayang Cai, Tao Zhang, and Qingshu Yang. "Implications of Nutrient Enrichment and Related Environmental Impacts in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Characterizing the Seasonal Influence of Riverine Input." Water 12, no. 11 (2020): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113245.

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The Pearl River estuary is an ecologically dynamic region located in southern China that experiences strong gradients in its biogeochemical properties. This study examined the seasonality of nutrient dynamics, identified related environmental responses, and evaluated how river discharge regulated nutrient sink and source. The field investigation showed significant differences of dissolved nutrients with seasons and three zones of the estuary regarding the estuarine characteristics. Spatially, nutrients exhibited a clear decreasing trend along the salinity gradient; temporally, their levels were obviously higher in summer than other seasons. The aquatic environment was overall eutrophic, as a result of increased fluxes of nitrogen and silicate. This estuary was thus highly sensitive to nutrient enrichment and related pollution of eutrophication. River discharge, oceanic current, and atmospheric deposition distinctly influenced the nutrient status. These factors accordingly may influence phytoplankton that are of importance in coastal ecosystems. Phytoplankton (in terms of chlorophyll) was potentially phosphate limited, which then more frequently resulted in nutrient pollution and blooms. Additionally, the nutrient sources were implied according to the cause–effect chains between nutrients, hydrology, and chlorophyll, identified by the PCA-generated quantification. Nitrogen was constrained by marine-riverine waters and their mutual increase-decline trend, and a new source was supplemented along the transport from river to sea, while a different source of terrestrial emission from coastal cities contributed to phosphate greatly.

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8

Zhang, Qi, Wei Jian, and Edmond Yat Man Lo. "Assessment of Flood Risk Exposure for the Foshan-Zhongshan Region in Guangdong Province, China." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041159.

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Floods have caused 20% of the worldwide economic losses resulting from catastrophe events over 2008 to 2018. In China, the annual flood economic losses have exceeded CNY 100 billion from 1990 to 2010, which is equivalent to 1% to 3% of China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper presents a rainfall-runoff model coupled with an inundation estimation to assess the flood risk for a basin within the Foshan-Zhongshan area of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China. A Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was constructed for the crisscrossing river network in the study basin where the West and North Rivers meet, using publicly accessible meteorological, hydrological and topographical datasets. The developed model was used to analyze two recent flood events, that in July 2017 with large upstream river inflows, and in June 2018 with high local rainfall. Results were further used to develop the needed river rating curves within the basin. Two synthetic events that consider more severe meteorological and hydrological conditions were also analyzed. These results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model for quick assessment of potential flood inundation and the GDP exposure at risk within the economically important PRD region.

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9

Liu, X., X. J. Zhang, Q. Tang, and X. Z. Zhang. "Effects of surface wind speed decline on modeled hydrological conditions in China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (2014): 2803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2803-2014.

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Abstract. Surface wind speed decline in China has been widely reported, but its effects on hydrology have not been fully evaluated to date. In this study, the effects of wind speed change on modeled hydrological conditions are investigated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model for China during the 1966–2011 period. Two model experiments, i.e., VIC simulations with the observed (EXP1) and detrended wind speed (EXP2), are performed over the major river basins in China. The differences between the two experiments are analyzed to assess the effects of wind speed decline. Results show that wind speed has decreased by 29% in China. The wind speed decline would have resulted in a decrease in evapotranspiration of 1–3% of mean annual evapotranspiration and an increase in runoff of 1–6% of mean annual runoff at most basins in China. The sensitivities of evapotranspiration and runoff changes to wind speed change are larger in humid areas than dry areas, while the sensitivity of soil moisture change to wind speed change is situation dependent. The wind speed decline would have offset the expansion of the drought area in China. It has contributed to reducing drought areas by 8.8% of the mean drought area (i.e., approximate 106 × 103 km2 out of 1.2 × 106 km2) over China. The reductions of soil moisture drought induced by wind speed decline are large (more than 5% of the mean drought area) in most basins, except in the Southwest and Pearl River basins.

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10

Zhang, Qiang, Chong-Yu Xu, Yongqin David Chen, and Tao Yang. "Spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration across the Pearl River Delta, China, and possible underlying causes." Hydrological Processes 23, no. 11 (2009): 1565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7268.

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11

Wang, Zhaoli, Ruida Zhong, and Chengguang Lai. "Evaluation and hydrologic validation of TMPA satellite precipitation product downstream of the Pearl River Basin, China." Hydrological Processes 31, no. 23 (2017): 4169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11350.

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12

Xuan, Yingxue, Changyuan Tang, Guangli Liu, and Yingjie Cao. "Carbon and nitrogen isotopic records of effects of urbanization and hydrology on particulate and sedimentary organic matter in the highly urbanized Pearl River Delta, China." Journal of Hydrology 591 (December 2020): 125565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125565.

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13

Li, Shenlin, Xiaohong Chen, V. P. Singh, Yanhu He, and Xiaoyan Bai. "An improved index for water quality evaluation in an estuary region: a case study in the Eastern Pearl River Delta, China." Water Policy 21, no. 2 (2019): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.151.

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Abstract Water quality evaluation is fundamental for water resources management. In this study, a water quality index (WQI) was constructed to evaluate water quality in an estuary region. First, principal component analysis and the Bartlett method were used to select more important water quality parameters from multivariables. Second, quality curves and weights of selected parameters were assigned, and then WQI scores were calculated. The WQI method was applied to the Eastern Pearl River Delta in China as a case study. Results showed that water quality in the upstream area and the coastal region was better than in the central delta, with an average WQI of 72, 55 and 14, respectively. Results further revealed that water quality in the coastal region was more variable (the standard variation of WQIs is near 20) due to more rapid changes in hydrologic features, while water quality in the inland area was more stable (the standard variation is around 10). Comparison between the WQI and fuzzy evaluation methods indicated the reliability of the WQI method. This WQI method can evaluate water quality in the estuarine delta area well, and statistical techniques used in this paper can be applied in different geographical areas considering their specific characteristics.

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14

Wang, Yingliang, Chengzao Huang, Mingyuan Wu, and Yuncheng Feng. "Huangpu Pearl River Bridge, China." Structural Engineering International 22, no. 3 (2012): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686612x13363869853536.

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15

Zheng, Ming Zhu, and Gao Zhong Yang. "The Humen Pearl River Bridge, China." Structural Engineering International 8, no. 2 (1998): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686698780489379.

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16

Wang, Yingliang, Chengzao Huang, and Mingyuan Wu. "Pearl River Huangpu Southern Channel Bridge, China." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 167, no. 4 (2014): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.11.00049.

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17

Zhang, Wei, Yang Xu, A. J. F. Hoitink, et al. "Morphological change in the Pearl River Delta, China." Marine Geology 363 (May 2015): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.02.012.

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18

Lancia, Michele, Huang Su, Yong Tian, et al. "Hydrogeology of the Pearl River Delta, southern China." Journal of Maps 16, no. 2 (2020): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1761903.

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19

He, Li. "Estimation of Flood Travel Time in River Network of the Middle Yellow River, China." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061550.

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The flood travel time (FTT) along the Longmen-Tongguan Reach, part of the stem channel of the Middle Yellow River, is shorter than 30 h, and estimating the FTT of different discharges propagating from Wubu Hydrology Station to Tongguan Hydrology Station is necessary. However, the propagation of floods in this river network, the main channel of the Wubu-Tongguan Reach and related tributaries, has rarely been analyzed due to the lack of geometry data. Thus, a one-dimensional (1D) dynamic model was selected to simulate the FTT along the WT reach. Firstly, the 1986 flood event was selected to calibrate the physical parameters in the hydraulic model. Secondly, the FTT with different discharges (500–9000 m3/s) were estimated with calibrated parameters. Thirdly, an empirical formula based on simulated results was fitted. This empirical formula could be used to describe the relation between discharges, distances to Tongguan Hydrology Station, and the FTT. Analyses showed that the discharges with minimum FTT were different for different tributaries. For the river reach between Wubu Hydrology Station and the Wuding River, the discharge and corresponding minimum FTT were 6000 m3/s and approximately 30.4–34 h, respectively. For the river reach between the Zhouchuan and Qingjian Rivers, the discharge and FTT were 3000–3500 m3/s and 21–26.8 h, respectively. The formula can be used to estimate the FTT of flood events, which would be cost-saving and time-saving for river management. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the FTT were sensitive to the Tongguan elevation and Manning’s roughness coefficient in the main channel.

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20

Fan, Xiaoyun, Baoshan Cui, and Zhiming Zhang. "Spatial variations of river water quality in Pearl River Delta, China." Frontiers of Earth Science 6, no. 3 (2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-012-0295-1.

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21

So, M. K., Y. Miyake, W. Y. Yeung, et al. "Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China." Chemosphere 68, no. 11 (2007): 2085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.008.

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22

Yan, Muting, Huayue Nie, Kaihang Xu, et al. "Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in the Pearl River along Guangzhou city and Pearl River estuary, China." Chemosphere 217 (February 2019): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.093.

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23

Jiao, XUE, LIAO Xiaolong, WU Leping, and HOU Guibing. "Preliminary study on Coupling numerical model of hydrology and hydrodynamics for The Typical Area of Pearl River Delta." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303050.

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The implementation of the national strategy of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Great Bay Area has put forward higher requirements for flood control and security in the Pearl River Delta. In this paper, region protected by Zhongshan and Zhuhai dike, which is the Qianshan River Basin, is selected as the typical area of Pearl River Delta. The flood control security of this regional is affected by flood upstream, local rainstorm and tidal level downstream. For this region, a coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model is built and the model parameters are calibrated by measured data in June 2008 and verified by measured data in July 2012. The calculated results match well with measured data and meet the precision requirement. This research established foundation to study flood control and security in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Great Bay Area.

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24

OuyangTingping Ouyang is a visiting, Tingping, Zhaoyu Zhu, and Yaoqiu Kuang. "River water quality and pollution sources in the Pearl River Delta, China." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 7, no. 7 (2005): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b504475h.

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25

Wang, James, and Jin Yu Li. "Inland waterway transport in the Pearl River Basin, China." Espace géographique 41, no. 3 (2012): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eg.413.0196.

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26

Xiao, Z. Y., H. Jiang, and X. D. Song. "Aerosol optical thickness over Pearl River Delta region, China." International Journal of Remote Sensing 38, no. 1 (2016): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1264024.

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27

Ouyang, Tingping, Yaoqiu Kuang, Zhenyu Hu, and Bo Sun. "Urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 12, no. 1 (2005): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500509469617.

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28

Wang, James, and Jin Yu Li. "Inland waterway transport in the Pearl River Basin, China." L'Espace géographique (English Edition) Volume 41, no. 3 (2013): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ege.413.0177.

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29

Lu, X. X., S. R. Zhang, S. P. Xie, and P. K. Ma. "Rapid channel incision of the lower Pearl River (China) since the 1990s." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (2007): 2205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-2205-2007.

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Abstract. This paper reported a dramatic channel incision (>10 m in the deepest cut) during the past 10 years or so in the lower Pearl River, the second largest river in terms of water discharge in China. The channel incision had caused changes both in the channel geometry as well as in the river hydraulics. Also, the water exchange between the two major tributaries of the Pearl River, the Xijiang and Beijing, had been significantly changed due to the channel incision. The rapid channel incision was principally the result of extensive sand mining in the lower Pearl River and the delta region due to the booming economy in the Pearl Delta region. Slight increase of water discharge and significant decrease of sediment load since the early 1990s in both the Xijiang and Beijiang also likely contributed to the observed dramatic river bed donwcutting to some extent. This has important implications for river management, as the large Chinese rivers have seen a dramatic depletion of sediment fluxes due to the combined effects of declining rainfall, dam constructions, water diversion, reforestation and afforestation, and sediment mining over the recent decades.

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30

Zhao, Run-Hua, Jie Cheng, and Nai-Ru Xu. "The Earnings Management Strategy of List Companies in Pearl River Delta Region of China Based on Complex Network Theory." Complexity 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6650193.

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This paper aims to detect the methods of earnings management in Pearl River Delta region of China. The data were selected based on the list companies of Pearl River Delta region from 2008 to 2019 and the balanced panel analysis was adopted to pursue the results. After the random effect analysis, this study reaches the conclusion that downward earnings is through total assets, the difference between sales and receivables, fixed assets, and sales and upward earnings is mainly through the changes of sales by the companies in Pearl River Delta region of China.

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31

Zhang, Qiang, Xihui Gu, Vijay P. Singh, Peijun Shi, and Peng Sun. "More frequent flooding? Changes in flood frequency in the Pearl River basin, China, since 1951 and over the past 1000 years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (2018): 2637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2637-2018.

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Abstract. Flood risks across the Pearl River basin, China, were evaluated using a peak flood flow dataset covering a period of 1951–2014 from 78 stations and historical flood records of the past 1000 years. The generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the kernel estimation method were used to evaluate frequencies and risks of hazardous flood events. Results indicated that (1) no abrupt changes or significant trends could be detected in peak flood flow series at most of the stations, and only 16 out of 78 stations exhibited significant peak flood flow changes with change points around 1990. Peak flood flow in the West River basin increased and significant increasing trends were identified during 1981–2010; decreasing peak flood flow was found in coastal regions and significant trends were observed during 1951–2014 and 1966–2014. (2) The largest three flood events were found to cluster in both space and time. Generally, basin-scale flood hazards can be expected in the West and North River basins. (3) The occurrence rate of floods increased in the middle Pearl River basin but decreased in the lower Pearl River basin. However, hazardous flood events were observed in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, and this is particularly true for the past 100 years. However, precipitation extremes were subject to moderate variations and human activities, such as building of levees, channelization of river systems, and rapid urbanization; these were the factors behind the amplification of floods in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, posing serious challenges for developing measures of mitigation of flood hazards in the lower Pearl River basin, particularly the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.

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32

Zhang, Qiang, Chong-Yu Xu, Zuguo Yu, Chun-Ling Liu, and Yongqin David Chen. "Multifractal analysis of streamflow records of the East River basin (Pearl River), China." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 388, no. 6 (2009): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.11.025.

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33

Zhang, Qiang, Chong-Yu Xu, Yongqin David Chen, and Liliang Ren. "Comparison of evapotranspiration variations between the Yellow River and Pearl River basin, China." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25, no. 2 (2010): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-010-0428-6.

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34

He, Xin. "Enforcing Commercial Judgments in the Pearl River Delta of China." American Journal of Comparative Law 57, no. 2 (2009): 419–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5131/ajcl.2008.0012.

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35

WANG, SUOSHENG, HAILIN QU, and JOHN AP. "IMAGES OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA TRAVEL DESTINATIONS IN CHINA." Tourism Review International 8, no. 4 (2005): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427205774791474.

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36

Zhu, Zhaoyu, Qinglu Deng, Houyun Zhou, et al. "Water Pollution and Degradation in Pearl River Delta, South China." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 31, no. 3 (2002): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.3.226.

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37

Xia, Zhen, Peihong Jia, Shengzhong Ma, Kai Liang, Yaohong Shi, and Joanna J. Waniek. "Sedimentation in the Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary, Southern China." Journal of Coastal Research 66 (June 2013): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si_66_2.

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38

Jia, Peihong, Zhen Xia, Yong Yin, and Qiao Xue. "Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary (China): geomorphological evolution and hydrodynamics." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 429, no. 1 (2016): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp429.14.

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39

Liu, Juan, Jin Wang, Yongheng Chen, Jianying Qi, Holger Lippold, and Chunlin Wang. "Thallium Distribution in Sediments from the Pearl River Basin, China." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 38, no. 10 (2010): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000002.

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40

Sit, Victor Fung-Shuen. "Transnational Capital Flows and Urbanization in . Pearl River Delta, China." Asian Journal of Social Science 19, no. 1 (1991): 154–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/080382491x00087.

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41

Yang, Xiuqin, Bin Yong, Zhiguo Yu, and Yuqing Zhang. "An evaluation of CMIP5 precipitation simulations using ground observations over ten river basins in China." Hydrology Research 52, no. 3 (2021): 676–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2021.151.

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Abstract Using the precipitation measurements obtained from 2,419 ground meteorological stations over China from 1960 to 2005 as benchmark, the performance of 21 single-mode precipitation data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were evaluated using Taylor diagrams and several statistical metrics. Based on statistical metrics, the models were ranked in terms of their ability to reproduce similar patterns in precipitation relative to the observations. Except in Southeast and Pearl river basins, research results show that all model ensemble means overestimate in the rest of the river basins, especially in Southwest and Northwest. The performance of CMIP5 models is quite different among each river basin; most models show significant overestimation in Northwest and Yellow and significant underestimations in Southeast and Pearl. The simulations are more reliable in Songhua, Liao, Yangtze, and Pearl than in other river basins according to spatial distribution and interannual variability. No individual model performs well in all the river basins both spatially and temporally. In Songhua, Liao, Yangtze, and Pearl, precipitation indices are more consistent with observations, and the spread among models is smaller. The multimodel ensemble selected from the most reasonable models indicates improved performance relative to all model ensembles.

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42

Miao, Huazhang, Bing Li, Wu Li, et al. "Adverse birth outcomes in Guangdong province, China, 2014–2017: a spatiotemporal analysis of 2.9 million births." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (2019): e030629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030629.

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ObjectivesAdverse birth outcomes pose a great threat to the public health and bring a heavy burden of disease in China. A comprehensive examination of the temporal and spatial trends of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) epidemics can provide some elementary information for subsequent aetiological and epidemiological studies. This study aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal features of PTB, LBW and SGA based on a large cohort of live births in China.DesignSpatiotemporal descriptive analysis was performed in Guangdong province, China, from 2014 to 2017.SettingData involving 2 917 098 live births in Guangdong province, China from 2014 to 2017 was collected from Guangdong Birth Certificate System. Information was collected, including the date of birth, gestational age in week, birth weight, sex of the infant, age of the mother and registered residence of the mother.ResultsThe estimated rate of PTB, LBW and SGA was 4.16%, 4.14% and 12.86%, respectively. For temporal trends, the rates of PTB, LBW and SGA showed seasonal fluctuations, especially for LBW and SGA. In addition, there were regional differences in the rates of PTB, LBW and SGA between the Pearl River Delta and Non-Pearl River Delta regions. From 2014 to 2017, the high rates of PTB and LBW expanded from the Pearl River Delta region to the Non-Pearl River Delta regions. However, compared with the Pearl River Delta region, the rate of SGA was higher in the Non-Pearl River Delta regions on the whole.ConclusionThe findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of PTB, LBW and SGA in south China.

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Wei, He, Long Hua Gao, He Qin Chen, and Jiu Fa Li. "Study on Discharge Distribution Ratio Variation of Main Connection Nodes in Pearl River Delta, in Wet Season, China." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1883.

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In recent years,with the high speed development of economy in Pearl River delta, infrastructure investment for water resource,traffic,environmental protection is growing.It is increasingly urgent for understanding river nets system and discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes.Discharge distribution ratio of each nodes is relative to the runoff of upper boundary and the tidal power of lower boundary.The Pearl River estuary is divided into far mouth section,near mouth section and estuary section.Discharge distribution ratio of every section varieties with upper and lower boundary conditions.In this paper,Based on the observational data of June in 1998 and June in 2005,combining with history data,analysis discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes of the Pearl River delta.and set up a mathematical model to simulate flow variation characters.The conclusion is, in recent years Discharge distribution ratio of the east four outlets increases, namely the ratio of West River flowing into North River and North River into the main channel of the Pearl River.with the flood discharge increasing,The ratio of the longitudinal branches occupies the smaller proportion than that of latitude branches.

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Lu, X. X., S. R. Zhang, S. P. Xie, and P. K. Ma. "Rapid channel incision of the lower Pearl River (China) since the 1990s as a consequence of sediment depletion." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 6 (2007): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1897-2007.

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Abstract. This paper reported a dramatic channel incision (>10 m in the deepest cut) during the past 10 y or so in the lower Pearl River, the second largest river in terms of water discharge in China. The channel incision had caused changes both in the channel geometry as well as in the river hydraulics. Also, the water exchange between the two major tributaries of the Pearl River, the Xijiang and Beijiang, had been significantly changed due to the channel incision. The rapid channel incision was principally the result of extensive sand mining in the lower Pearl River and the delta region due to the booming economy in the Pearl Delta region. Slight increase of water discharge and significant decrease of sediment load since the early 1990s in both the Xijiang and Beijiang also likely contributed to the observed dramatic river bed downcutting to some extent. This has important implications for river management, as the large Chinese rivers have seen a dramatic depletion of sediment fluxes due to the combined effects of declining rainfall, dam constructions, water diversion, reforestation and afforestation, and sediment mining over the recent decades.

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Youpeng, Xu, Xu Jintao, Ding Jinjia, Chen Ying, Yin Yixing, and Zhang Xingqi. "Impacts of urbanization on hydrology in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 6 (2010): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.391.

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The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and the rapid development of urbanization have greatly influenced regional hydrology and water resources. Taking several typical urbanizing areas in the Yangtze River Delta as examples, this paper probes into the impacts of urbanization on hydrologic cycle and hydrological process with the support of RS, GIS and hydrological model. The research centers on the impacts of urbanization on precipitation, hydrological process, river networks, and water environment in some typical cities. The results show that: (1) Urban rain island effect is not evident when the process of urbanization is slow, while the differences of annual precipitation and flood season precipitation between urban and suburban areas increased to a certian extent in the booming stage of urbanization. (2) The annual runoff depth and the runoff coefficient increased with the development of urbanization, and the effect will be more notable when the urban areas expand to a certain size; (3) River network systems, especially low-grade rivers have been greatly destroyed in the process of urbanization, which increases the risk of flood and water degradation, so it is very important to protect natural river systems. Based on the results, some proposals of sustainable utilization and protection of water resources is also addressed.

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Liu, Feng, Shuai Hu, Xiaojuan Guo, Xiangxin Luo, Huayang Cai, and Qingshu Yang. "Recent changes in the sediment regime of the Pearl River (South China): Causes and implications for the Pearl River Delta." Hydrological Processes 32, no. 12 (2018): 1771–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11513.

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Xu, Weihai, Wen Yan, Xiangdong Li, et al. "Antibiotics in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta and Pearl River Estuary, China: Concentrations, mass loading and ecological risks." Environmental Pollution 182 (November 2013): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.004.

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Weng, Qihao. "A historical perspective of river basin management in the Pearl River Delta of China." Journal of Environmental Management 85, no. 4 (2007): 1048–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.008.

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Ouyang, R., W. Liu, G. Fu, C. Liu, L. Hu, and H. Wang. "Linkages between ENSO/PDO signals and precipitation, streamflow in China during the last 100 years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (2014): 3651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3651-2014.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the single and combined impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on precipitation and streamflow in China over the last century. Results indicate that the precipitation and streamflow overall decrease during El Niño/PDO warm phase periods and increase during La Niña/PDO cool phase periods in the majority of China, although there are regional and seasonal differences. Precipitation and streamflow in the Yellow River basin, Yangtze River basin and Pearl River basin are more significantly influenced by El Niño and La Niña events than is precipitation and streamflow in the Songhua River basin, especially in October and November. Moreover, significant influence of ENSO on streamflow in the Yangtze River mainly occurs in summer and autumn while in the Pearl River influence primarily occurs in the winter and spring. The precipitation and streamflow are relatively greater in the warm PDO phase in the Songhua River basin and several parts of the Yellow River basin and relatively less in the Pearl River basin and most parts of Northwest China compared to those in the cool PDO phase, though there is little significance detected by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. When considering the combined influence of ENSO and PDO, the responses of precipitation/streamflow are shown to be opposite in northern China and southern China, with ENSO-related precipitation/streamflow enhanced in northern China and decreased in southern China during the warm PDO phases, and enhanced in southern China and decreased in northern China during the cool PDO phases. It is hoped that this study will be beneficial for understanding the precipitation/streamflow responses to the changing climate and will correspondingly provide valuable reference for water resources prediction and management across China.

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Shuai, Fangmin, Xinhui Li, Wanling Yang, Weitao Chen, and Sovan Lek. "Habitat use of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the large subtropical Pearl River." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 57 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2021001.

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Anguilla spp. are catadromous fish and with a high economic value in Asia. The Pearl River is the largest river in southern China and is an important area for wild populations of Anguilla spp. However, until now, there has been little research on the eel's population structure and habitat use in the Pearl River. This study analyzed the population structure and habitat use characteristics of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and the marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Pearl River based on data collected from 2015 to 2018. A total of 181 Japanese eels and 56 marbled eels were collected, over half of which were middle-sized eels between 255 and 600 mm in length. Although they are sister species, Japanese eels mainly inhabit complex river habitats characterized by high river fractals and coefficients of fluvial facies, while marbled eels mainly inhabit wider and deeper river sections. The impact of physical environmental factors (such as river fractals, coefficients of fluvial facies and river width) on the distribution of these two species is greater than the impact of small-scale water quality environmental factors (such as DO concentration, temperature and clarity). The results of this study showed that wild Anguilla spp. resources in the Pearl River were extremely low and there was an urgent need for conservation and management of eel resources in south China.

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