Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrology of karst areas

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrology of karst areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Zhang, Chunhua, Xiangkun Qi, Kelin Wang, Mingyang Zhang, and Yueming Yue. "The application of geospatial techniques in monitoring karst vegetation recovery in southwest China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 4 (July 12, 2017): 450–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317714246.

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The karst region in southwestern China, one of the largest continuous karst areas in the world, is special for its high landscape heterogeneity, unique hydrology, high endemism among vegetation species and high intensity of human disturbance. The region had experienced severe degradation through karst rocky desertification (KRD) between the 1950s and 1990s. Starting in the late 1990s, various levels of the Chinese government conducted several ecological projects to recover degraded karst ecosystems. It was reported that the implementation of these projects had been successful in facilitating the recovery of karst vegetation in many areas. However, global climate changes may compromise the efficacy of recovery. Geospatial techniques had been employed to map and monitor karst ecosystem conditions during the recovery process. We examined the history and progress of the various geospatial techniques applied to monitor and evaluate karst vegetation conditions. In addition, we reviewed the techniques used to assess and monitor KRD, KRD influencing factors, vegetation community type, fractional vegetation cover, vegetation dynamics, vegetation productivity, ecosystem goods and services, vegetation biodiversity, ecosystem health and rural society changes. We also explored the potential to apply geospatial techniques for karst vegetation recovery in the future. It is projected that there will be more remotely sensed images for the vegetation dynamics monitoring at numerous scales. New techniques (e.g. image fusion and data assimilation) will be available to manage scale and heterogeneity issues in the karst landscape.
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Liu, Fan, Guanghui Jiang, Jia Wang, and Fang Guo. "The Recharge Process and Influencing Meteorological Parameters Indicated by Cave Pool Hydrology in the Bare Karst Mountainous Area." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041766.

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Understanding the recharge and runoff processes of the vadose zone is significant for water resource management and utilization in karst mountain areas. Hydrological modeling of the vadose zone in karst caves has provided new methods of evaluating water resources in vadose zones. This paper provides modeling of vadose zone hydrology in a subtropical karst cave. The monitoring was conducted in Yuanyang Cave, Fengshan County, Guangxi Province, Southwest China. By monitoring the water level of a pool recharged by drop water in a cave, a model was established to calculate the natural leakage from the bottom and the infiltrated recharge from the vadose zone above. Combined with meteorological data records, the occurrence of recharge events in the vadose zone was analyzed. The correlation between them was established by multiple linear regression. The results showed that the infiltration ratio of precipitation was 20.88%. Recent rainfall of 4–7 days had shown a greater impact on recharge events than that of 3 days. The effect of evaporation was significant. The regression model in the cave pool was used to understand the hydrological process of the vadose zone, which provided a useful method for water resource management and evaluation in the remote karst mountain area.
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Cardoso de Salis, Hugo Henrique, Adriana Monteiro da Costa, João Herbert Moreira Vianna, Marysol Azeneth Schuler, Annika Künne, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, and Fernando António Leal Pacheco. "Hydrologic Modeling for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Urbanized Karst Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142542.

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The potential of karst aquifers as a drinking water resource is substantial because of their large storage capacity gained in the course of carbonate dissolution. Carbonate dissolution and consequent development of preferential paths are also the reasons for the complex behavior of these aquifers as regards surface and underground flow. Hydrological modeling is therefore of paramount importance for an adequate assessment of flow components in catchments shaped on karsts. The cross tabulation of such components with geology, soils, and land use data in Geographic Information Systems helps decision makers to set up sustainable groundwater abstractions and allocate areas for storage of quality surface water, in the context of conjunctive water resources management. In the present study, a hydrologic modeling using the JAMS J2000 software was conducted in a karst area of Jequitiba River basin located near the Sete Lagoas town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results revealed a very high surface water component explained by urbanization of Sete Lagoas, which hampers the recharge of 7.9 hm3 yr−1 of storm water. They also exposed a very large negative difference (−8.3 hm3 yr−1) between groundwater availability (6.3 hm3 yr−1) and current groundwater abstraction from the karst aquifer (14.6 hm3 yr−1), which is in keeping with previously reported water table declines around drilled wells that can reach 48 m in old wells used for public water supply. Artificial recharge of excess surface flow is not recommended within the urban areas, given the high risk of groundwater contamination with metals and hydrocarbons potentially transported in storm water, as well as development of suffosional sinkholes as a consequence of concentrated storm flow. The surface component could however be stored in small dams in forested areas from the catchment headwaters and diverted to the urban area to complement the drinking water supply. The percolation in soil was estimated to be high in areas used for agriculture and pastures. The implementation of correct fertilizing, management, and irrigation practices are considered crucial to attenuate potential contamination of groundwater and suffosional sinkhole development in these areas.
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Allocca, V., F. Manna, and P. De Vita. "Estimating annual effective infiltration coefficient and groundwater recharge for karst aquifers of the southern Apennines." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2013): 10127–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-10127-2013.

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Abstract. To assess the mean annual groundwater recharge of the karst aquifers in southern Apennines (Italy), the estimation of the mean annual effective infiltration coefficient (AEIC) was conducted by means of an integrated approach based on hydrogeological, hydrological, geomorphological, land use and soil cover analyses. We studied a large part of the southern Apennines that is covered by a meteorological network and containing 40 principal karst aquifers. Using precipitation and air temperature time series gathered through monitoring stations operating in the period 1926–2012, the annual effective precipitation (AEP) was estimated, and its distribution was modelled, by considering the orographic barrier and rain shadow effects of the Apennines chain, as well as the altitudinal control. Four sample karst aquifers with available long spring discharge time series were identified for estimating the AEIC by means of the hydrological budget equation. The resulting AEIC values were correlated with other parameters that control groundwater recharge, such as the extension of outcropping karst-rock, morphological settings, land use and covering soil type. A simple correlation relationship between AEIC, lithology and the summit flat and endorheic areas was found. This empirical model has been used to estimate AEIC and mean annual groundwater recharge in other regional karst aquifers. The estimated AEIC values ranged between 48% and 78%, thus matching intervals estimated for other karst aquifers in European and Mediterranean countries. These results represent a deeper understanding of an aspect of groundwater hydrology in karst aquifers which is fundamental for the formulation of appropriate management models of groundwater resources, also taking into account mitigation strategies for climate change impacts. Finally, the proposed hydrological characterisations are also perceived as useful for the assessment of mean annual runoff over carbonate mountains, which is another important topic concerning water management in the southern Apennines.
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Allocca, V., F. Manna, and P. De Vita. "Estimating annual groundwater recharge coefficient for karst aquifers of the southern Apennines (Italy)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-803-2014.

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Abstract. To assess the mean annual groundwater recharge of the karst aquifers in the southern Apennines (Italy), the estimation of the mean annual groundwater recharge coefficient (AGRC) was conducted by means of an integrated approach based on hydrogeological, hydrological, geomorphological, land use and soil cover analyses. Starting from the hydrological budget equation, the coefficient was conceived as the ratio between the net groundwater outflow and the precipitation minus actual evapotranspiration (P − ETR) for a karst aquifer. A large part of the southern Apennines, which is covered by a meteorological network containing 40 principal karst aquifers, was studied. Using precipitation and air temperature time series gathered through monitoring stations operating in the period 1926–2012, the mean annual P − ETR was estimated, and its distribution was modelled at a regional scale by considering the orographic barrier and rain shadow effects of the Apennine chain, as well as the altitudinal control. Four sample karst aquifers with available long spring discharge time series were identified for estimating the AGRC. The resulting values were correlated with other parameters that control groundwater recharge, such as the extension of outcropping karst rocks, morphological settings, land use and covering soil type. A multiple linear regression between the AGRC, lithology and the summit plateau and endorheic areas was found. This empirical model was used to assess the AGRC and mean annual groundwater recharge in other regional karst aquifers. The coefficient was calculated as ranging between 50 and 79%, thus being comparable with other similar estimations carried out for karst aquifers of European and Mediterranean countries. The mean annual groundwater recharge for karst aquifers of the southern Apennines was assessed by these characterizations and validated by a comparison with available groundwater outflow measurements. These results represent a deeper understanding of an aspect of groundwater hydrology in karst aquifers which is fundamental for the formulation of appropriate management models of groundwater resources at a regional scale, also taking into account mitigation strategies for climate change impacts. Finally, the proposed hydrological characterizations are also supposed to be useful for the assessment of mean annual runoff over carbonate mountains, which is another important topic concerning water management in the southern Apennines.
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Gulley, J., and D. I. Benn. "Structural control of englacial drainage systems in Himalayan debris-covered glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 182 (2007): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214307783258378.

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AbstractEnglacial cave systems were mapped using speleological techniques in three debris-covered glaciers in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal. Detailed three-dimensional mapping of the cave systems and observations of relationships with structures in the surrounding ice show conduits formed by a mechanism directly analogous to speleogenesis in limestone karst. The highest, oldest parts of all passages developed along debris-filled crevasse traces with hydraulic conductivity in the range 10–4 to 10–5ms–1. Conduits form when these hydraulically efficient pathways bridge between areas with different hydraulic potential. They then evolve by grading (through head-ward migration of nick points and vertical incision) to local base level, often the surface of supraglacial lakes. Most supraglacial lakes on Himalayan glaciers are perched above the elevation of the terminal stream, and exist for a few years before draining through englacial conduits. As a result, near-surface drainage evolution is frequently interrupted by base-level fall, and conduits may record multiple phases of incision. Conduits commonly migrate laterally during incision, undermining higher levels of the ice and encouraging collapse. Voids can be created by fluvial processes and collapse of crevassed ice. The oft-noted resemblance of the surface morphology of debris-covered glaciers to karst landscapes thus extends to the subsurface, and karst hydrology provides a framework for understanding englacial drainage.
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Boyer, Douglas G., and Ghiath A. Alloush. "Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen on Grazed Karst Landscapes." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.374.

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The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian region. Karst areas comprise about 18% of the region’s land area. An estimated one-third of the region’s farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karst terrain. Mean nitrate concentrations in several karst springs in southeastern West Virginia exhibit a strong linear relationship with the percentage of agriculture land cover. Development of best management practices for efficient nitrogen (N) use and reduction of outflow of N to water from karst areas requires knowledge about N dynamics on those landscapes. Water extractable NO3-N and NH4-N were measured along transects at four soil depths in two grazed sinkholes and one wooded sinkhole. Distribution of soil NO3-N and NH4-N were related to frequency of animal presence and to topographic and hydrologic redistribution of soil and fecal matter in the grazed sinkholes. Karst pastures are characterized by under drainage and funneling of water and contaminants to the shallow aquifer. Control of NO3-N leaching from karst pasture may depend on management strategies that change livestock grazing behavior in sinkholes and reduce the opportunity for water and contaminants to quickly reach sinkhole drains.
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Gunn, Kpoti M., Anthony R. Buda, Heather E. Preisendanz, Raj Cibin, Casey D. Kennedy, and Tamie L. Veith. "Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13711.

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HighlightsWe used SWAT-VSA to assess the effects of climate change with rising CO2 on the water balance of a karst basin.For future climate, SWAT-VSA with rising CO2 yielded 7.1% less ET and 6.3% more runoff than standard SWAT-VSA.Rising CO2 also affected variable source areas, with greater ET declines and runoff increases in the wettest soils.Findings suggest CO2 effects on water balance should be included in future climate change studies with SWAT-VSA.Abstract. Characterizing the effects of climate change on hydrology is important to watershed management. In this study, we used SWAT-VSA to examine the effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 (CO2) on the water balance of Spring Creek watershed, a mixed land-use karst basin in the Upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. First, we modified the stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI) routines of SWAT-VSA’s Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) procedure and enabled the model to accept daily CO2 data. Using downscaled climate projections from nine global climate models (GCMs), we then compared water balance estimations from baseline SWAT-VSA against two modified versions of SWAT-VSA. One SWAT-VSA version integrated daily CO2 levels (SWAT-VSA_CO2), while another version added flexible stomatal conductance and LAI routines (SWAT-VSA_CO2+Plant) to the dynamic CO2 capacity. Under current climate (1985-2015), the three SWAT-VSA models produced generally similar water balance estimations, with 51% of precipitation lost to ET and the remainder converted to runoff (10%), lateral flow (9%), and percolate (30%). For future climate (2020-2065), water balance simulations diverged between baseline SWAT-VSA and the two modified SWAT-VSA models with CO2. Notably, variable stomatal conductance and LAI routines produced no detectable effects beyond that of CO2. For the 2020-2065 period, baseline SWAT-VSA projected ET increases of 0.7 mm year-1, while SWAT-VSA models with CO2 suggested that annual ET could decline by approximately -0.4 mm year-1 over the same period. As a result, the two CO2-based SWAT-VSA models predicted streamflow increases of almost 1.6 mm year-1 over the 2020-2065 period, which were roughly double the streamflow increases projected by baseline SWAT-VSA. In general, SWAT-VSA models with CO2 effects produced 22.4% more streamflow in 2045-2065 than the SWAT-VSA model without CO2. Results also showed that adding daily CO2 to SWAT-VSA reduced ET in wetter parts of Spring Creek watershed, leading to greater runoff losses from variable source areas compared to baseline SWAT-VSA. Findings from the study highlight the importance of considering increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in water balance simulations with SWAT-VSA in order to gain a fuller appreciation of the hydrologic uncertainties with climate change. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Hydrologic model, Water balance, Watershed.
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Nikolaidis, N. P., F. Bouraoui, and G. Bidoglio. "Hydrologic and geochemical modeling of a karstic Mediterranean watershed." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-1-2012.

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Abstract. The SWAT model was modified to simulate the hydrologic and chemical response of karstic systems and assess the impacts of land use management and climate change of an intensively managed Mediterranean watershed in Crete, Greece. A methodology was developed for the determination of the extended karst area contributing to the spring flow as well as the degree of dilution of nitrates due to permanent karst water volume. The modified SWAT model has been able to capture the temporal variability of both karst flow and surface runoff using high frequency monitoring data collected since 2004 in addition to long term flow time series collected since 1973. The overall hydrologic budget of the karst was estimated and its evaporative losses were calculated to be 28% suggesting a very high rate of karst infiltration. Nitrate chemistry of the karst was simulated by calibrating a dilution factor allowing for the estimation of the total karstic groundwater volume to approximately 500 million m3 of reserve water. The nitrate simulation results suggested a significant impact of livestock grazing on the karstic groundwater and on surface water quality. Finally, simulation results for a set of climate change scenarios suggested a 17% decrease in precipitation, 8% decrease in ET and 22% decrease in flow in 2030–2050 compared to 2010–2020. A validated tool for integrated water management of karst areas has been developed, providing policy makers an instrument for water management that could tackle the increasing water scarcity in the island.
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Li, Ji, Daoxian Yuan, Jiao Liu, Yongjun Jiang, Yangbo Chen, Kuo Lin Hsu, and Soroosh Sorooshian. "Predicting floods in a large karst river basin by coupling PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with a physically based distributed hydrological model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 1505–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1505-2019.

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Abstract. In general, there are no long-term meteorological or hydrological data available for karst river basins. The lack of rainfall data is a great challenge that hinders the development of hydrological models. Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) based on weather satellites offer a potential method by which rainfall data in karst areas could be obtained. Furthermore, coupling QPEs with a distributed hydrological model has the potential to improve the precision of flood predictions in large karst watersheds. Estimating precipitation from remotely sensed information using an artificial neural network-cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) is a type of QPE technology based on satellites that has achieved broad research results worldwide. However, only a few studies on PERSIANN-CCS QPEs have occurred in large karst basins, and the accuracy is generally poor in terms of practical applications. This paper studied the feasibility of coupling a fully physically based distributed hydrological model, i.e., the Liuxihe model, with PERSIANN-CCS QPEs for predicting floods in a large river basin, i.e., the Liujiang karst river basin, which has a watershed area of 58 270 km2, in southern China. The model structure and function require further refinement to suit the karst basins. For instance, the sub-basins in this paper are divided into many karst hydrology response units (KHRUs) to ensure that the model structure is adequately refined for karst areas. In addition, the convergence of the underground runoff calculation method within the original Liuxihe model is changed to suit the karst water-bearing media, and the Muskingum routing method is used in the model to calculate the underground runoff in this study. Additionally, the epikarst zone, as a distinctive structure of the KHRU, is carefully considered in the model. The result of the QPEs shows that compared with the observed precipitation measured by a rain gauge, the distribution of precipitation predicted by the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs was very similar. However, the quantity of precipitation predicted by the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs was smaller. A post-processing method is proposed to revise the products of the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The karst flood simulation results show that coupling the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with the Liuxihe model has a better performance relative to the result based on the initial PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. Moreover, the performance of the coupled model largely improves with parameter re-optimization via the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The average values of the six evaluation indices change as follows: the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient increases by 14 %, the correlation coefficient increases by 15 %, the process relative error decreases by 8 %, the peak flow relative error decreases by 18 %, the water balance coefficient increases by 8 %, and the peak flow time error displays a 5 h decrease. Among these parameters, the peak flow relative error shows the greatest improvement; thus, these parameters are of the greatest concern for flood prediction. The rational flood simulation results from the coupled model provide a great practical application prospect for flood prediction in large karst river basins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Hobbs, S. L. "Recharge, flow and storage in the saturated zone of the Mendip limestone aquifer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234811.

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Ellaway, Edward Mark. "A study of the hydrochemistry of a limestone area : Buchan, East Gippsland /." Connect to thesis, 1991. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1504.

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This thesis reports the results obtained, and conclusions made regarding research into the hydrochemistry of a small impounded karst area in southeastern Australia. Water samples were collected from a variety of sites over a period of approximately six years and include samples that are representative of baseflow (drought conditions) and flood (high flow conditions) the two extremes of the flow regime. Four distinct water types were found to be associated with the karst spring and cave water sites sampled. In terms of physical, chemical and computed parameter values these have been classed as TYPE 1 water (median parameter values similar to those noted for the surface stream sites sampled with catchments of non-carbonate material); TYPE 2 water (catchment predominantly of limestone); TYPE 3 water (catchment predominantly of dolomite); TYPE 4 water (high median chemical concentrations). Spatial variation within the study area is considerable and intrinsic factors such as catchment lithology, the residence time of recharge, aspect and vegetation cover are the major natural controls in determining physical and chemical characteristics.
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Kaletsky, Kelly. "Measurement of the Effects of Food Preparation Activities on the Microclimate of the Snowball Dining Room Area of Mammoth Cave." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1734.

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The stability of Mammoth Cave’s microclimate has never undergone extensive investigation. The Snowball Dining Room area was chosen to measure the microclimate of the cave and to determine if food preparation, human presence and surface temperature variations alter this microclimate. Three portable weather stations containing a temperature / humidity probe, datalogger and microbarograph were placed in various locations along three passageways leading away from the dining room. Readings were taken 24 hours per day for four months. Plotting temperature readings in graph form show a correlation between temperature of the passageway and distance from the dining room.
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Miller, Benjamin Verlinden. "The Hydrology of the Carroll Cave-Toronto Springs System: Identifying and Examining Source Mixing through Dye Tracing, Geochemical Monitoring, Seepage Runs, and Statistical Methods." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/216.

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In karst areas relationships between activities occurring on the surface and the overall health of the subsurface environment are often highly interconnected. However, the complex nature of karst flow systems can often make identification of these connections difficult. Carroll Cave, a large stream cave system located in the central Missouri Ozarks, is known for its biological and speleological significance. A dye tracing project to delineate a Carroll Cave recharge area through dye tracing has identified an area of 18.5 km2 which contributes water to the cave. The water from Thunder River within Carroll Cave was positively traced to eight springs of the thirteen springs at a distributary spring system known as Toronto Springs. Through examination of the geochemistry of the individual springs, differences in water chemistry between the various outlets has become evident. Additional work with YSI Sonde dataloggers and consideration of carbonate chemistry relationships has sought to further define the variations in hydrochemical behavior, thus aiding in the discrimination potential spring sources. Primary sources thought to contribute water to the spring system include Carroll Cave and Wet Glaize Creek, with some minor influence from other losing streams in the vicinity. Seepage runs along Wet Glaize Creek have also identified major losing reaches, in close proximity to structural features, which may contribute water to Toronto Springs. Examination of the measured parameters and derived have identified that Carroll Cave and Wet Glaize Creek are the primary end members for Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, specific conductance, and temperature. Using these parameters a two end member mixing model has been developed which describes the mixing zone setting at Toronto Springs and calculates the average proportions of flow contributions by the end members. By using a multi-proxy approach of dye tracing, seepage runs, and geochemistry for the individual springs, the source waters and pathways for the springs at Toronto Springs have been identified.
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Croskrey, Andrea. "Hydrolgeologic Groundwater Sensitivity and Vulnerability Mapping in South Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/450.

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Groundwater sensitivity (Ray and O'dell 1993 a) refers to the inherent ease with which groundwater can be contaminated based on hydrogeologic characteristics. We have developed digital methods for identifying areas of varying groundwater sensitivity for a ten county area of south-central Kentucky relevant to a scale of 1: 24,000. The study area includes extensive limestone karst sinkhole plains, with groundwater that is generally extremely sensitive to contamination. Digitally Vectorized Geologic Quadrangles (DVGQs) were combined with elevation data to both identify hydrogeologic groundwater sensitivity regions and to identify zones of "high risk runoff where contaminants could be transported in runoff from less sensitive to higher sensitivity (particularly karst) areas. This analysis was limited to existing, available digital data sources. While future work will fine-tune these maps with additional layers of data (soils for example) as digital data become available, using DVGQs this method is allowing a relatively rapid assessment of groundwater sensitivity for Kentucky at a larger scale than previously available.
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Reece, Matthew A. "Origin and morphology of notches in carbonate cliffs and hillslopes implications for paleoclimate and paleohydrology /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03102004-105006.

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Ek, David. "Hydrologic and Geochemical Cycling within Karst Versus Non-Karst Basins within the Interior Low Plateau Province of South-Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/550.

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This thesis summarizes my research in which I investigated differences and characteristics in hydrologic, nutrient and geochemical cycling between karst versus nonkarst basins within the Interior Low Plateau Province. Field data including stream discharge, evapotranspiration, and dissolved major ion concentrations were collected for a period of one year for two basins within Mammoth Cave National Park. Twelve percent carbonate rocks underlie one basin, while the other consists of 48 percent carbonate rocks. The carbonate rock exposures within both basins exhibit karstification. The hydrologic and geochemical differences between these basins were compared to determine to what extent that cycles are modified or altered within karst terrains. The characteristics of these cycles within both basins were also compared. I found that there were noticeable hydro geochemical effects from the presence of karst within a basin. These effects were either the result of the presence of carbonate rocks within the basin or due to the presence of morphological karst features within the carbonate rocks. The presence of karst serves as a buffer by moderating temperature extremes, lessens the effect of acid precipitation, moderates discharges during storm surges, moderates/lessens a basin's evaporative losses, and affects available moisture and nutrients to surface biological processes. These hydrologic effects in turn, also continue to affect the basin's geochemistry in noticeable ways. Findings included that it only takes a small percentage of carbonate rocks within a basin to produce an output stream with a calcium/bicarbonate geochemical signature. In these situations, the quantity of karst is perhaps not as important as spatial distribution. Therefore, the quantity of karst within a basin may be more critical to accurately assess when conducting geochemical modeling. Many global geochemical models do not factor in karst affects (Holmen, 1992). Considering the extent of carbonate rocks globally and their potential ability to affect hydrogeochemical cycles, future model modifications may need to factor in karst affects in order to more accurately represent actual real-world field conditions.
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Merideth, Johnny. "Vadose Zone Hydrology near the Vicinity of Edna's Dome, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/65/.

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Wright, Winfield G. "Modeling karst aquifer response to rainfall." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76043.

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A finite-element model (HYDMATCH) uses spring hydrograph discharge data to generate a linear regression relation between fracture conductivity and potential gradient in a karst aquifer system. Rainfall excess in the form of potential energy from sinkhole sub-basins is input to element nodes and routed through a one-dimensional finite-element mesh to the karst spring represented by the last node in the finite element mesh. A fracture-flow equation derived from the Navier-Stokes equation uses fracture conductivities from the regression equation and potential gradient in the last element of the mesh to determine discharge at the spring. Discharge hydrograph data from Nininger spring, located in Roanoke, Virginia, was used to test the performance of the model. Excess from a one-half inch rain was introduced into sinkhole nodes and the regression equation generated by matching discharges from the known hydrograph for the one-half inch rainfall. New rainfall excess data from a one-inch rainfall was input to the sinkhole nodes and routed through the finite-element mesh. The spring hydrograph for the one-inch rainfall was calculated using the regression equation which was determined previously. Comparison of the generated hydrograph for the one-inch rainfall to a known hydrograph for a one-inch rainfall shows similar shapes and discharge values. Areas in need of improvement in order to accurately model ground-water flow in karst aquifers are a reliable estimate of rainfall excess, a better estimation of baseflow and antecedent aquifer conditions, and the knowledge of the karst aquifer catchment boundaries. Models of this type may then be useful to predict flood discharges and contaminant travel times in karst aquifers.
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Dogwiler, Toby J. "Fluvial disturbances in karst streams /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060093.

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Books on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Bonacci, Ognjen. Karst Hydrology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2.

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White, William B., and Elizabeth L. White, eds. Karst Hydrology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7317-3.

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W, Williams P., ed. Karst geomorphology and hydrology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.

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Ford, D. C., and P. W. Williams. Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7778-8.

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W, Williams P., ed. Karst geomorphology and hydrology. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. Karst hydrology, with special reference to the Dinaric karst. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Peck, Dallas L. Karst hydrogeology in the United States of America: Mei kuo te yen jung shui wen ti chih. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Peck, Dallas L. Karst hydrogeology in the United States of America: Mei kuo te yen jung shui wen ti chih. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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White, William B. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Różkowski, Jacek. Przeobrażenia składu chemicznego wód krasowych południowej części Wyżyny Krakowskiej: Zlewnia Rudawy i Prądnika. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Quinlan, James F., and Ralph O. Ewers. "Subsurface Drainage in the Mammoth Cave Area." In Karst Hydrology, 65–103. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7317-3_3.

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White, William B. "Introduction to the Karst Hydrology of the Mammoth Cave Area." In Karst Hydrology, 1–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7317-3_1.

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Ford, D. C., and P. W. Williams. "Karst hydrology." In Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology, 127–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7778-8_5.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. "Karst Springs." In Karst Hydrology, 49–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2_4.

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White, Elizabeth L. "Flood Hydrology." In Karst Hydrology, 127–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7317-3_5.

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Hess, John W., and William B. White. "Chemical Hydrology." In Karst Hydrology, 145–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7317-3_6.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. "Introduction." In Karst Hydrology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2_1.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. "Karst Terminology — Definitions." In Karst Hydrology, 4–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2_2.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. "Principles of Karst Groundwater Circulation." In Karst Hydrology, 18–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2_3.

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Bonacci, Ognjen. "Swallow Holes (Ponors)." In Karst Hydrology, 103–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83165-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Rahman, Cendi Tito, Adhi Isti Febriandhika, Fatwa Ramdani, and Mochamad Chandra Saputra. "Tangible landscape: Simulation of changing of hydrology condition due to mining activity at karst area." In 2017 International Symposium on Geoinformatics (ISyG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isyg.2017.8280671.

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Campbell, C. Warren, Matthew Lumsdon-West, and Sean Davies. "GIS Support for Karst Hydrology." In Ninth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40698(2003)38.

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Ninov, Plamen, and Tzviatka Karagiozova. "MONITORING AND INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENT RIVERS IN BULGARIA." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.01.

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River flows could be defined according to their surface hydrologic stream duration as either perennial or temporary. Normally perennial streams flow throughout the year, while temporary streams lack surface flow for some periods of the year. Temporary streams are classified as intermittent or ephemeral. Intermittent streams flow in some periods as result of snowmelt and eventually elevated groundwater tables during the periods of increased precipitations. Intermittent streams are poorly represented in existing river monitoring programs in Bulgaria and seldom are objects of regular monitoring. Only in several gauging stations exist hydrological time series. Furthermore, intermittent and ephemeral streams are not adequately protected by current legislation and management strategies in Bulgaria and generally are neglected. The authors discuss the climatic, hydrological and soil conditions in different part of the country as the major factors determining their origin and distribution. Covering the whole territory of Bulgaria the authors identify four main types of intermittent streams as: 1) intermittent flows as result of Mediterranean climatic impact located in the southern part of the country; 2) sinking intermittent flows as result of specific geological and soil characteristics, 3) intermittent flows in large karst and loess areas and finally 4) the sinking flows in alluvium depositions mainly along the large mainstreams. Nevertheless, the limited number of gauging stations built up at these rivers some hydrological information is collected and statistical results are presented as duration curves of temporal rivers, hydrographs with seasonal characteristics etc. Intermittent streams have a hydrologic flow regime with very specific characteristics that place them as interact between land and water. Unfortunately, in Bulgaria there are poorly mapped, recognized, and protected but they have a critical influence on the ecological health of networks. There exists a strong need for new approaches to scientifically study, the structure and function of temporal streams. The construction of monitoring network for the regular registration of their hydrological regime is surely the first required step for their future detailed ingestions, use and protection.
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Empson, William, David Cohen, Sarah Gamm, Baron Worsham, and Sean Yarborough. "Karst investigation program guided by synthetic aperture radar." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXI, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2533851.

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Jukic, Damir. "EFFECTS OF HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS ON HYDROLOGY OF TWO ADJACENT KARST SPRINGS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593//sgem2018v/1.5/s02.033.

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Jukic, Damir. "EFFECTS OF HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS ON HYDROLOGY OF TWO ADJACENT KARST SPRINGS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018v/1.5/s02.033.

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Rodda, Harvey, and Jane Hawkins. "Surface water flooding in rural areas: observations, monitoring and methods for peak flow estimation." In BHS 11th National Hydrology symposium. British Hydrological Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7558/bhs.2012.ns46.

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Jeannin, Pierre-Yves. "KARST HYDROLOGY & ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOIL SUB-SYSTEM." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281360.

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Lodigina, Nina, and Ruslan Sharapov. "Calculation of pile foundations at the karst areas." In 2014 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Automation and Control Systems (MEACS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meacs.2014.6986884.

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Ham, Brian, and Ben Miller. "BRIDGING THE GAP: EXAMINING AN UNDOCUMENTED COMPONENT OF THE KARST HYDROLOGY OF TENNESSEE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287484.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrology of karst areas"

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Jason Pietroski, and Steven Currie. Evaluation of wetland hydrology in formerly irrigated areas. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22785.

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Newton, J. G., and J. M. Tanner. Assessment of subsidence in karst terranes at selected areas in East Tennessee and comparison with a candidate site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Phase 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5749796.

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Jefferson, C. W., and W. A. Spirito. Mineral and energy resource assessment of the Tlogotsho Plateau, Nahanni Karst, Ragged Ranges and adjacent areas under consideration for expansion of Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214269.

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Butler, Afrachanna, Catherine Thomas, Nathan Beane, Anthony Bednar, and William Frederick. Phytomanagement of soil and groundwater at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) using hybridized trees. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42083.

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The Manhattan Engineer District previously used the 191-acre Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) in Niagara County, New York, to store radioactive residues and wastes from uranium (U) ore processing. At present, management practices will determine whether enhanced evapotranspiration rates produced by hybridized shrub willow cuttings planted in 2016 will affect groundwater hydrology. Two shrub willow varieties were planted in an approximately one-half acre area to examine growth performance along a U impacted sanitary sewer line. Additionally, control plots will compare the effectiveness of shrub willows to unplanted areas. Observations of the planted area after 18 months showed success of shrub willow growth with increasing biomass. Chemical analysis from tree tissue samples of the field study showed no significant uptake of U or thorium (Th) to date. A greenhouse study conducted in parallel to the field study tested the willows under controlled greenhouse conditions and evaluated their ability to grow and accumulate contaminants under controlled conditions. Results from the greenhouse study demonstrated that U accumulation was minimal. Thus, this study demonstrates that the shrub willows are not accumulators of U or Th, an advantageous characteristic that implies stabilized contaminants in the soil and no translocation of U into the aboveground biomass.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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Hydrology and tree-distribution patterns of karst wetlands at Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tennessee. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964277.

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Hydrology of coal-lease areas near Durango, Colorado. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri854125.

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Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2246.

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