Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrolysat de protéines de plumes'
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Eugenio, Francis Amann. "Équilibre et forme de l'apport en acides aminés dans l'alimentation : conséquences physiologiques et métaboliques chez le porc." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB358.
Full textFeeding animals is crucial for their life because they need nutrients like amino acids (AA). They use these AA for various biological processes like the synthesis of proteins and other biomolecules. Although, the metabolic and physiological response of pigs to feeding AA depends both on the dietary profile and form. The metabolic response of pigs was assessed by studying the dynamic changes in the postprandial plasma concentrations of different metabolites. Furthermore, as mature and growing animals have different metabolic needs and use of dietary AA, we used adult and growing pigs to study dietary AA balance. Meanwhile, as the form of AA has a direct impact on the rate of absorption of AA in the intestinal lumen, physiological adaptations like changes in morphology and gene expression of AA and peptide transporters were measured.We found that feeding pigs with a diet with a balanced AA profile results in quicker utilization of dietary AA compared to a diet with an unbalanced AA profile. The use of AA in the peripheral tissues of adult pigs is slower compared to growing pigs, conversely, more AA are utilized in the first-pass for adult pigs compared to growing pigs. There is a big difference in the AA digestibility of intact proteins compared to free AA and small peptides as the latter two are immediately available without the need for digestion. This causes a difference in their bioavailability to peripheral tissues and the metabolic status of pigs. Furthermore, the form of dietary AA influences intestinal physiology as seen in the morphology and the abundance of various intestinal AA and peptide transporters in the different sections of the small intestine of pigs
Demers, Mathieu Véronique. "Activité antimicrobienne d'un extrait peptidique issus d'un hydrolysat trypsique de protéines de lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28671/28671.pdf.
Full textLe, Coeur Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude d'un hydrolysat pepsique de myoglobine de muscle squelettique rouge de thon Thunnus Albacares : caractérisation des peptides issus de l'hydrolyse étude de l'association hème-peptide." La Rochelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LAROS011.
Full textRolland, Martin. "Mise au point d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de protéines de lactosérum pour la fortification protéique d'un jus d'orange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44951.pdf.
Full textLeke, Lokombé. "Valorisation d'un hydrolysat de protéine obtenu à partir de l'hémoglobine bovine : Etudes expérimentales, immunochimiques et essais cliniques." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP775S.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the biological value and the nutritive efficiency of a peptic haemoglobin hydrolyse produced at a pilot –plant scale. The analysis revealed a deficiency in isoleucine and cysteine demanding an enrichment before utilisation, a ratio of essential amino acids : total nitrogen of 3,16 (amount of essential amino acids mg/g protein 49,7 %) and less than 1 % of free amino acids. Mass Spectrometry estimated the mass molecular of peptides between 600 – 1650 dalton. The evaluation of immunogenicity and antigenicity of native haemoglobin and its hydrolysate was done by ELISA and inhibition ELISA in mice : enzymatic hydrolysis seems to decrease or destroy the immogenic and antigenic activities of haemoglobin. The true digestibility and the protein efficiency studied in rats showed similar values as those observed with casein hydrolysate. Feeding of the premature child with breast milk enriched by haemoglobin hydrolysate allow to maintain an adequate growth and a better nitrogen tetention
Poulin, Jean-François. "Étude du fractionnement d'un hydrolysat trypsique de B-lactoglobuline par électrodyalise avec membrane d'ultrafiltration." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18957.
Full textRoblet, Cyril Roland. "Fractionnement d'un hydrolysat de protéines de soya : Comparaison des technologies baro-membranaire (UF) et électro-membranaire (ÉDUF) pour la collecte de fractions bioactives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29016/29016.pdf.
Full textPiot, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de la production et de la résolution d'un hydrolysat d'hémoglobine bovine : applications." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPDE84.
Full textThis work, presented in publications form, concerns the study of production and resolution of an enzymatic hydrolysate from bovine haemoglobin. The first part describes the batch preparation of a peptic decolorized hydrolysate using either alumina or magnesia. Then a continuous production, at the pilot-plant scale, of a reproductible and decolorized peptic hydrolysate was perfected. Enzymatic hydrolysis of haemoglobin was performed in an ultrafiltration reactor equipped with mineral membranes. The reproductibility of the hydrolysate was demonstrated. The second part of this work concerns the analytical study of the peptidic hydrolysate. Chromatographic methods, first associating low pressure and HPLC, and then using HPLC alone, were performed in order to resolve these complex hydrolysates. These methods allowed us to obtain pure peptides. Mass spectrometry (FAB) and amino acid analysis were then performed in order to characterise and identify any purified peptide. Finally, an application of the hydrolysate, in the area of culture media for research, was presented
Sion, Ludivine. "Bio production à l’échelle pilote d’un hydrolysat peptidique à partir de sang entier bovin et porcin pour l’industrie du Petfood et l’alimentation animale : Identification et caractérisation des peptides actifs." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R023.
Full textRaw blood from slaughterhouses is an important source of proteins. This co-product, currently undervalued, is mainly composed of hemoglobin, a protein rich in active peptides such as antimicrobial peptides, after hydrolysis by porcine pepsin.The aim of this thesis is to propose a new strategy for the valorization of whole blood, without plasma-cruor separation. Preservation of identified bioactive peptides by pepsic hydrolysis of purified hemoglobin is required. This new way of blood valorization, developed and then optimized at laboratory scale, has been technologically transferred on a pilot scale (80 L).The pepsic hydrolysis of 70% bovine 30% porcine blood was first developed at 1% (w/v) of hemoglobin (23°C, 200 mL). This hydrolysis has demonstrated the coexistence of zipper and one by one enzymatic mechanism for the appearance of the peptide population. Hydrolysis parameters (hemoglobin concentration, industrial grade pepsin, enzyme-substrate proportion, acid allowing the sustainability of the hydrolysis pH and hydrolysis time) were optimized by fixing a complete discoloration of the hydrolysate as well as the preservation of the peptide population.The bioactive hydrolysate thus obtained contains antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Mass spectrometry analysis has shown the hydrolysate composition in terms of peptides derived from hemoglobin. No mass above 10 kDa have been found, providing it with a good digestibility: its use in pet food as a food supplement seems promising
Henaux, Loïc. "Fractionnement d’un hydrolysat de protéines de saumon par électrodialyse avec empilement de membranes d’ultrafiltration afin de concentrer, isoler et identifier des peptides glucorégulateurs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66671.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis. This disease has a genetic basis but is mainly caused by socio-environmental behaviours, such as overeating and a lack of physical activity. Despite dietary measures and medical treatments used to prevent and treat the disease, T2D continues to progress. The identification and production of bioactive peptides from natural sources offer an interesting alternative to synthetic drugs, whose concerns about side effects are constantly increasing. Thus, because of their abundance and richness in bioactive molecules, fish processing co-products offer an almost inexhaustible source of bioactive peptides. Indeed, in previous studies, cod and salmon proteins have been shown to improve cardio-metabolic health in in vivo studies, and to improve muscle glucose uptake, decrease hepatic glucose production, and inflammation. In addition, with a growing number of people to feed, the processing industry is at its height, and waste continues to accumulate. Nevertheless, in order to exert their bioactive effect, it is necessary to release these bioactive peptides from native proteins. Subsequently, one or more separation, using for example electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes, are needed to concentrate these peptides and generate bioactive fractions. Indeed, it was previously demonstrated the effectiveness of electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes to generate bioactive fractions, from complex matrices, able to improve the glucose uptake in vitro, from soy and salmon protein hydrolysates. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to concentrate and identify bioactive peptides, by fractionating a protein hydrolysate from a salmon co-product, by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes, and to study the impact of these fractions and peptides on T2D. In the first study, results demonstrated that a triple size selective separation by EDUF allowed to generate peptide fractions with different physicochemical properties (charge and mass). Moreover, it was demonstrated that such a separation allowed to modulate the in vitro response of the fractions for glucose metabolism. Indeed, from a single EDUF separation, cationic peptides with higher molecular weights were concentrated and demonstrated to enhance their glucose uptake capacity. Whereas, cationic peptides with lower molecular weights have decreased the glucose uptake capacity. In addition, analyses by mass spectrometry of the vi fractions allowed to characterize (retention time and charge) 17 cationic peptides and 21 anionic peptides, potentially responsible for the bioactive effect of the fractions. In a second study, a second EDUF fractionation, using as feed solution the final fractions recovered during the previous separation was performed. The selectivity of the process was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Moreover, in vitro study of the bioactivities (glucose uptake, hepatic glucose production and inflammation) effect of these fractions, led to the identification of two very promising fractions, demonstrating a simultaneous effect on all three bioactivities tested. In addition, the tandem mass spectrometry analysis of these fractions allowed the sequence identification of 24 anionic peptides, potentially responsible for these bioactive effects. Finally, in a third study, based on the analysis of the spectra obtained by tandem mass spectrometry, 13 peptides were selected and synthesized, then individually tested for their ability to increase glucose uptake in muscle cells, to reduce glucose production by hepatic cells, and to decrease the inflammatory response of macrophages. Thus, for the first time, four new peptides identified from salmon by-products, demonstrated in vitro glucoregulatory properties.
Groleau, Paule Émilie. "Étude des interactions peptide-peptide dans un mélange de peptides issu d'un hydrolysat trypsique de ¿-lactoglobuline et de leur influence sur le fractionnement par nanofiltration." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17853.
Full textWhey protein enzymatic hydrolysates contain several functional and bioactive peptides which justify their fractionatation to isolate such interesting molecules. Membrane separation technologies have an excellent potential for peptide separation but peptide-peptide interactions seem to reduce their efficiency. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the occurrence of peptide-peptide interactions in a tryptic hydrolysate of β-LG, to identify the optimal physico-chemical conditions and peptides responsible of such interactions, as well as to evaluate the influence of such interactions on the fractionation of this hydrolysate by nanofiltration. Isoelectric focusing was used to fractionate the hydrolysate and to demonstrate a peptidic aggregation phenomena at acidic pH. Turbidimetry was then used to highlight the solubility of the hydrolysate according to the pH and some physico-chemical conditions. Peptide aggregates formed at pH 4 were centrifuged and separated, and peptides responsible for this aggregation were identified. From these peptides, the presence of chymotryptic peptides has justified a study of the impact of residual chymotryptic activity in the tryptic preparation on the aggregation phenomena. The second part of this work allowed the evaluation of the effect of these aggregates on the fractionation of the tryptic hydrolysate of β-LG by nanofiltration. It was shown that peptide-peptide interactions do not impair the fractionation. On the contrary, these interactions taking place in the polarized layer may have a positive impact on the fractionation.
Ziegler, Frédéric. "Comparaison de deux types d'apports azotés, protéines entières ou hydrolysat protéique, au cours de la nutrition entérale du patient opéré de la sphère digestive : effet différentiel sur le métabolisme des acides aminés et le bilan nutritionnel." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF1PP03.
Full textKoumfieg, Noudou Victoire Yolande. "Impact de la concentration en peptides d'un hydrolysat de crabe des neiges sur leur séparation et leur sélectivité en cours d'electrodyalyse avec membrane d'ultrafiltration (EDUF)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27613.
Full textThe importance of functional and nutraceutical products has grown tremendously due to their added value. Their production requires the isolation and concentration of compounds, such as amino acids and bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysates. Therefore, a new separation technique EDUF (electrodialysis with ultrafiltration) was used. To optimize the process, important parameters such as electric field strength, membrane material and molecular weight cut-off, pH, ionic strength and flow rate of the solutions as well as cell configuration have already been studied, except for the initial peptide concentration in the feed solution. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of peptides concentration of snow crab by-product hydrolysate on selectivity and separation rate of anionic and cationic peptides, and on their antimicrobial activity. To assess the impact of peptides concentration, four values of protein concentrations (0.5%; 1%; 2% and 4%) were studied with other parameters (pH, conductivity, potential difference) of the system kept constant. The results showed that increasing the peptides concentration has an effect on separation rate of the peptides. The highest rate was observed at 4% with 291.9 mg/mL and 431.87 mg/mL peptide concentration, respectively for the anionic and cationic compartment. Other results also showed that increasing the initial concentration has no effect on selectivity. The migration rate increased linearly with increasing feed solution concentration while the relative energy consumption decreased with increasing feed solution concentration. The highest migration rates of 16.2 g/m2.h and 7.8 g/m2.h for the cationic and anionic compartments respectively were observed at 4%, with relative energy consumption of 3.53 Wh/g. However, increasing the concentration had no effect on the fouling and membrane integrity. In terms of antimicrobial activity, different fractions (anionic and cationic) and the initial hydrolysate were tested and did not showed antimicrobial activity on Micrococcus luteus.
Doyen, Alain. "Fractionnement d'un hydrolysat peptidique de co-produits de crabe des neiges par électrodialyse avec membranes d'ultrafiltration : impact des paramètres liés au procédé sur la migration et la sélectivité peptidique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27988/27988.pdf.
Full textNioi, Claudia. "Extraction et protéolyse de napines de tourteau de colza : influence de l'état structural de la protéine sur la cinétique de protéolyse, la composition et les fonctionnalités des hydrolysats." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0074/document.
Full textThis work aims to study the process of enzymatic proteolysis "controlled" by the initial structural state of the substrate in order to assess its influence on the proteolysis kinetics as well as the physico-chemical properties and associated bioactivity of released peptides. For this study, rapeseed meal napins, known for its antimicrobial activity were used as a substrate. First, a selective extraction and purification process of napines were optimized by an appropriate experimental design. The extraction and purification process initially made at laboratory scale was easily scaled-up. We showed that the operating conditions of these processes would not damage the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Moreover, we confirmed an antimicrobial activity of the obtained napins on various microorganisms (Bacillus coagulans and Fusarium langsethiae). In a second step, the study on the influence of the parameters can have an effect on the structure of the protein was performed. The objectives were to see if it was possible to place the protein under conditions of pH and temperature for a progressive breakdown in function of time, and observe any impact on the kinetics of the proteolysis of napines extracted and the nature of the released peptides. The results showed that for a couple of pH / T given the "incubation duration" becomes a key factor for the denaturation of napines. This significantly influences the kinetics of proteolysis, the mechanism of action of the protease, and therefore, the composition of mixtures released. Subsequently, the influence of hydrolysates on the growth of antibody-producing animal cells grown in serum-free medium, and foaming and emulsifying capacity, were evaluated. The initial results showed a major influence of the structural state of the substrate (via the degree of hydrolysis achievable for each of the conditions studied) on such properties. Ultimately, these studies have highlighted not only the potential for increased value of napines rapeseed meal but also, and especially, a key parameter "to control" the process of enzymatic proteolysis for production directed peptides
Campagna, Sylvie. "Hydrolyse en milieu émulsionné et étude de la relation structure/fonction du PP3 de lait bovin." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10281.
Full textGuesdon, Benjamin. "Contributions à l'étude de l'influence de l'alimentation sur la régulation du sommeil." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001931.
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