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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrolysis reaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Willadsen, P., J. M. Nielsen, and G. A. Riding. "Purification and properties of a novel nucleotide-hydrolysing enzyme (5′-nucleotidase) from Boophilus microplus." Biochemical Journal 258, no. 1 (1989): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580079.

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The tick Boophilus microplus contains a nucleoside phosphate-hydrolysing enzyme which, in many respects, resembles the well characterized 5'-nucleotidase from mammalian tissue. The tick enzyme has been purified to homogeneity. It is a membrane-bound glycoprotein with an apparent Mr of 67,000 and, although it fails to hydrolyse a range of nucleoside 2'- or 3'-monophosphates, it has broad specificity for the 5' derivatives. Further investigation of the enzyme's substrate specificity, however, shows some important differences from the mammalian nucleotidases. It hydrolyses both bis-p-nitrophenyl

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2

Zhu, Chao, Zihui Meng, Wenjin Liu, et al. "Investigation on the hydrolytic mechanism of cucurbit[6]uril in alkaline solution." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (2018): 180038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180038.

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The structure of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), as a fascinating supramolecular receptor, is regarded as ‘indestructible’. Herein, we investigated the hydrolysis of CB[6] catalysed by alkali. Our results showed that CB[6] was easily hydrolysed in 30% NaOH at 160°C within 3 h. Separation and purification of hydrolytic products demonstrated the presence of NH 3 , CO 2 , HCOONa, glycine and hydantoic acid. Based on the studies of the hydrolysis of substances similar to CB[6] including 4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, glycoluril and glycoluril dimer, we proposed that a plausible reaction mechanism involved a

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3

Huang, Sheng Tian, Shen Xin Li, Ying Wang, Song Wu, and Wei Hu. "Hydrolysis of BNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.507.

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Two novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel (II) and copper (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of bis (p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by BNPP with nickel (II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the temperature effect of reaction system and structure effect of the complexes on the rate of BNPP hydrolysis

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4

Hendry, P., and AM Sargeson. "Base Hydrolysis of Coordinated Trimethyl Phosphate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 8 (1986): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861177.

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The novel metal complex ions pentaammine ( trimethyl phosphate)- rhodium(III) and -iridium(III) have been synthesized and their hydrolysis in basic solution studied. The hydrolyses yield coordinated dimethyl phosphate ( dmp ), exclusively for the iridium complex, but accompanied by metal-oxygen bond rupture in the case of the rhodium complex. The reaction of the iridium complex proceeds with phosphorus-oxygen cleavage. The hydrolyses in the absence of nucleophiles other than hydroxide obey simple rate laws, v = k1[(NH3)5Ir( tmp )][OH-] for the iridium complex and v = (k1 + k2[OH-])[(NH3)5Rh( t

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5

Zhang, Jin, Jia-qing Xie, Ying Tang, et al. "Hydrolysis of phosphate diester catalysed by transition metal complexes of a salicylaldimine Schiff base bearing dibenzo-18-crown-6." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 2 (2005): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054497137.

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A new crowned Schiff base ligand and its cobalt(II) and manganese(III) complexes were synthesised and characterised. These complexes were used to catalyse the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in order to mimic the action of hydrolytic metalloenzymes. The kinetics and the mechanism of the titled reactions were investigated. The change of the characteristic ultraviolet spectra of the reaction systems was also analysed. A kinetic mathematical model of BNPP cleavage catalysed by the complexes is proposed. The function of the crown ether ring and the effects of the reaction conditi

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6

Zhou, Rendan, Zemin Dong, Long Wang, et al. "Degradation of a New Herbicide Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl in Water: Kinetics, Various Influencing Factors and Its Reaction Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310521.

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Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel herbicide used to control weeds in paddy fields. To clarify and evaluate its hydrolytic behavior and safety in water environments, its hydrolytic characteristics were investigated under varying temperatures, pH values, initial mass concentrations and water types, as well as the effects of 40 environmental factors such as microplastics (MPs) and disposable face masks (DFMs). Meanwhile, hydrolytic products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and its hydrolytic pathways were proposed. The effects of MPs and DFMs on hydrolytic products and pathways were also invest

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7

Ximenis, Marta, Santiago Cañellas, Rosa M. Gomila, et al. "Reaction contest: hydrolysis versus intramolecular cyclisation reaction in alkyl squaramate esters." RSC Advances 14, no. 44 (2024): 32126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra04362f.

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The hydrolytic behavior and stability of squaramate esters have been investigated, shedding light on the competition between hydrolysis and intramolecular cyclization reactions, which is crucial for advancing bioconjugate chemistry applications.

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8

Lisak Jakopović, Katarina, Seronei Chelulei Cheison, Ulrich Kulozik та Rajka Božanić. "Comparison of selective hydrolysis of α-lactalbumin by acid Protease A and Protease M as alternative to pepsin: potential for β-lactoglobulin purification in whey proteins". Journal of Dairy Research 86, № 1 (2019): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000086.

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AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper examine the potential of digestion using acidic enzymes Protease A and Protease M to selectively hydrolyse α-lactalbumin (α-La) whilst leaving β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) relatively intact. Both enzymes were compared with pepsin hydrolysis since its selectivity to different whey proteins is known. Analysis of the hydrolysis environment showed that the pH and temperature play a significant role in determining the best conditions for achievement of hydrolysis, irrespective of which enzyme was used. Whey protein isolate (WPI) was hydrolysed using

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9

Li, Shen Xin, Wei Hu, Ying Wang, and Song Wu. "Hydrolysis of BNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel (II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.123.

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One novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel (II) complex were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of bis (p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by BNPP with nickel (II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the activation energy for the catalytic hydrolysis is 95.26kJ·mol-1.

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10

Li, Shen Xin, Wei Hu, and Jian Zhang Li. "Hydrolysis of PNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel(II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.531.

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One novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of carboxylic ester (PNPP, p-nitrophenyl picolinate). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by PNPP with nickel(II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the activation energy for the catalytic hydrolysis is 1.174 kJ•mol-1.

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11

Márquez, Mª Carmen. "Kinetic Model for the Hydrolysis of Olive Oil by Lipase in Absence of Emulsifier." Catalysis Research 04, no. 03 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/cr.2403009.

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Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil has been studied in the absence of emulsifier. A simple mathematical model to predict the hydrolysis rate is derived from a proposed kinetic mechanism of the reaction. The hydrolytic reaction obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a simultaneous second-order enzyme deactivation. The model predictions closely agree with the experimental results.

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12

Foretić, Blaženka, Vladimir Damjanović, Robert Vianello, and Igor Picek. "Novel Insights into the Thioesterolytic Activity of N-Substituted Pyridinium-4-oximes." Molecules 25, no. 10 (2020): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102385.

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The pyridinium oximes are known esterolytic agents, usually classified in the literature as catalysts, which mimic the catalytic mode of hydrolases. Herein, we combined kinetic and computational studies of the pyridinium-4-oxime-mediated acetylthiocholine (AcSCh+) hydrolysis to provide novel insights into their potential catalytic activity. The N-methyl- and N-benzylpyridinium-4-oximes have been tested as oximolytic agents toward the AcSCh+, while the newly synthesized O-acetyl-N-methylpyridinium-4-oxime iodide was employed for studying the consecutive hydrolytic reaction. The relevance of the

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13

Liu, Zhi De, Xin Zhang, Mi Mi Wang, and Dong Zhang. "Study on the Hydrolysis of PET Catalyzed by Carbonates under Microwave Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 1078 (December 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.36.

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A study for optimizing the experimental conditions for the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) catalyzed by carbonates was performed. The main influence factors of PET microwave hydrolytic reaction, such as the reaction temperature, time and catalyst dosage, were confirmed and these effects on the catalysis of PET microwave hydrolysis were studied in detail. The results showed that the sequence of influence factors was reaction temperature>reaction time> catalyst dosage. The optimal experimental conditions under the catalyst of basic zinc carbonate were that the catalyst dosag

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14

Wang, Min, Li Qin Xu, Ci Li, Bing Ying Jiang, and Jia Qing Xie. "Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution in the Hydrolysis of Bis(4-Nitrophenyl) Phosphate Ester Catalyzed by the Metallomicelle." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.345.

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A macro-cyclic Schiff base ligand and the corresponding Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. And the catalytic efficiency of the metallomicelles made of these complexes and noninonic micelle Brij35, as mimetic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, was investigated in the catalytic hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in this paper. The results show that the rate of the BNPP hydrolysis in the metallomicelles is about 106 -fold faster than that of the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis in aqueous solution at the same conditions. The analysis of the characteristic absorptio

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15

Mujianto, ,., Yuli Witono, ,. Wignyanto, Sri Kumalaningsih, and Auliani’am ,. "Hydrolysis Characteristics of Over Fermented Tempe (Fermented Soybean Cake) Product Hydrolyzed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis as Natural Flavor Source (Flavor Enhancer)." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 1 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.1.18062.

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The purpose of this study is to be acknowledged of the characteristics of protein hydrolyzed from enzymatic hydrolysis process of rejected tempe. The parameters of rejected Tempe hydrolysis characteristics are dissoluble protein, dissoluble total sediment, maillard intensity, hydrolytic color, namely color L, color a, color b, whiteness, chrome and hue, level of staleness, antioxidant power, water activity, hydrolysis level, enzymatic reaction rate, HPLC amino acid and hydrolytic FTIR of over fermentedtempe. This study is designed using Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 (three) blocks as

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16

Song, Chun Lian, Shao Gang Pi, Chuan Song Wang, and Mei Duo Liu. "Reactive Process Research of Cornstalk Hydrolysis to Sugar on Micro-Stream Discharge." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.785.

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In order to further study the mechanism of hydrolysis reactions to sugars using cornstalk on plasma, preliminary study of reactive process are carried out. Model compounds of cornstalk components are chosen and hydrolyzed on plasma. Activation energy of elementary reactions, which are single-molecule reactions, free radical reactions and bimolecular reactions, are calculated by bond energy percentage rules. Elementary reactions and preliminary reaction mechanism model, which cornstalk hydrolyzes to sugars on plasma are identified.

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17

Firsty, Virginia Ghita, Ji Yeon Jeong, Yang Mo Gu, Jin Hyung Lee, and Soo-Jeong Shin. "High Cellulose Purity by Acid Hydrolysis Pretreatment on Kenaf Outer Bast." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010334.

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Acid hydrolysis treatment of kenaf outer bast fiber can produce pure cellulose content and hydrolyzed hemicellulose to monosaccharides. The effects of various reaction temperatures (110–130 °C), acid concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.25–1.00 N), and reaction times (60–120 min) were investigated as the optimum condition to gain pure cellulose content. A 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the carbohydrate content in the reaction of acid hydrolysis treatment. The results showed that optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis refer to two treatment prospects. First, a higher reaction temperature

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18

Robuck, Stephen J., and Richard G. Luthy. "Destruction of Iron-Complexed Cyanide by Alkaline Hydrolysis." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (1989): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0257.

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Iron-complexed cyanide compounds are found in various industrial wastes, and are resistant to destruction by conventional technologies used to treat cyanide-bearing wastes. This study evaluated hydrolytic destruction of iron-complexed cyanide in leachates from land disposal of spent carbonanceous material used to line aluminum reduction cells. The investigation showed that iron-cyanide complexes may be hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions at elevated temperatures and pressures, e.g. in the range of 165-180 °C and 100-150 psig. The hydrolysis reaction is apparently first-order with respect to t

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19

Yao, Jun Yan, Loogn Tak Lim, and Yu Jie Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) with Different Molecular Weights by Thermal Hydrolysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.19.

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A feasible and effective method of thermal hydrolysis to prepare poly (lactic acid) (PLA) oligomers with different controlled molecular weight from PLA is presented in this paper. The thermal hydrolytic reaction was carried out by immerging PLA resin pellets in boiling distilled water for a certain period of time. Ester groups in PLA chains are hydrolytically degraded in the presence of water and thermal, so PLA oligomers with different molecular weight were prepared. The structures and properties of PLA oligomers were characterized by FT-IR, GPC, DSC, etc. The results showed that thermal hydr

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20

(Miss), P. A. GIDDE, B. HOGALE M., Y. NIMBALKAR A., and H. JAGDALE M. "Kinetic Analysis of Consecutive Irreversible First Order Reaction. Hydrolysis of Oxalic Acid Dihydrazide." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Apr 1985 (1985): 281–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6324650.

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Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004 <em>Manuscript received 28 November 1983, revised 26 February 1985, accepted 27 April 1985</em> The hydrolysis of oxalic acid dihydrazide in presence of acid catalyst is a consecutive irreversible reaction. This dihydrazide in various mineral acids is hydrolysed to monohydrazide, which undergoes further hydrolysis to oxalic acid and hydrazine. The reaction follows first order kinetics.

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21

Liao, Jinyun, Yufa Feng, Shiqi Wu, et al. "Hexagonal CuCo2O4 Nanoplatelets, a Highly Active Catalyst for the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030360.

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Catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) has been considered as an effective and safe method to generate hydrogen. Development of highly active and low-cost catalysts is one of the key tasks for this technology. In this work, hexagonal CuCo2O4 nanoplatelets with a thickness of approximately 55 nm were prepared. In AB hydrolysis, those nanoplatelets exhibited ultrahigh catalytic activity with turnover frequency (TOF) of 73.4 molhydrogen min−1 molcat−1. As far as we know, this is one of the highest TOF values ever reported for non-noble metal catalysts. In addition, the effects of viscosity a

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22

Shi, Qixun, Matthew P. Mower, Donna G. Blackmond, and Julius Rebek. "Water-soluble cavitands promote hydrolyses of long-chain diesters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 33 (2016): 9199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610006113.

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Water-soluble, deep cavitands serve as chaperones of long-chain diesters for their selective hydrolysis in aqueous solution. The cavitands bind the diesters in rapidly exchanging, folded J-shape conformations that bury the hydrocarbon chain and expose each ester group in turn to the aqueous medium. The acid hydrolyses in the presence of the cavitand result in enhanced yields of monoacid monoester products. Product distributions indicate a two- to fourfold relative decrease in the hydrolysis rate constant of the second ester caused by the confined space in the cavitand. The rate constant for th

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23

Wang, Joanna S., Chien M. Wai, Gail J. Brown, Scott D. Apt, Howard E. Smith, and Laraba P. Kendig. "Formation of Insulating Oxide Films with Hydrolysis Reactions of Alkoxide Precursors in Supercritical Fluid CO2: Chemistry, Morphology, Characterization and Film Thickness." MRS Advances 1, no. 37 (2016): 2591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.269.

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ABSTRACTInsulating silicon dioxide (SiO2) films can be produced by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of an acid catalyst in supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2). In this study, SiO2 films are formed on different substrates using TEOS as a source of silicon, and acetic acid (HAc) as a catalyst. Water required for the hydrolysis reaction is from in situ generation of esterification and condensation reactions involving HAc and the alcohol produced. The acid catalyzed deposition reaction actually starts at room temperature but produces decent films in sc-CO2 a

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24

Podar, M., P. S. Perlman, and R. A. Padgett. "Stereochemical selectivity of group II intron splicing, reverse splicing, and hydrolysis reactions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 8 (1995): 4466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.8.4466.

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We have previously shown, using phosphorothioate substitutions at splice site, that both transesterification steps of group II intron self-splicing proceed, by stereochemical inversion, with an Sp but not an Rp phosphorothioate. Under alternative reaction conditions or with various intron fragments, group II introns can splice following hydrolysis at the 5' splice site and can also hydrolyze the bond between spliced exons (the spliced-exon reopening reaction). In this study, we have determined the stereochemical specificities of all of the major model hydrolytic reactions carried out by the aI

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Li, Fei, Liang Dong, Shenghu Yan, et al. "Numerical Simulation and Process Enhancement of the Hydrolysis of 2-Chlorobenzal Chloride." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030945.

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Hydrolysis of 2-Chlorobenzal chloride is the primary production method of 2-chlobrobenzaldehyde in industry, but the reactor technologies and reaction processes of this method are traditional and underdeveloped, in which the dichotomous leaf hydrolysis agitator is commonly used, resulting in low efficiency during the hydrolysis process. In this article, ANSYS software was utilized to enhance the hydrolytic reactors used in industrial production by simulating and analyzing the dispersion characteristics of droplets in the reactor. The particle size distribution of dispersed phase droplets and t

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Zhu, Zhen, Da Peng Wang, Yuan Ma, et al. "Optimization of Antioxidant Silk Fibroin Peptide Hydrolysis Process." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1789.

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Papain, pancreatin, pepsin, rypsin, neutral protease were used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of silk fibroin solution. It was found that the silk fibroin peptides after hydrolysis by pancreatin exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, in comparison of five hydrolysed solutions by the pyrogallol method. The pancreatin hydrolysis process was then optimised. The optimum conditions of pancreatin hydrolysis antioxidant activity silk fibroin peptide was determined by orthogonal experiment: reaction time 160min, enzyme concentration 4%,substrate concentration 20mg/ml, pH 8, temperature 38°C. The

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Ma, Zhan Song, Yu Liu, and Zhen Wang. "Study on Preparation of Glucose by Poplar Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.25.

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This paper made the detailed discourse for the study on using cellulase, hemicellulase hydrolysis of poplar fiber raw material to make glucose. The raw material used in this experiment is poplar, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes are used. Hemicellulase is a complex system, xylose is regarded as the main chain for a lot of hemicellulose. The experiment used dry poplar as raw material, through the ball mill, ground poplar into wood powder. In the experiment, the optimal condition of enzyme hydrolysis of wood powder has been discussed based on reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme concen

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KESTER, Harry C. M., Jacques A. E. BENEN, Jaap VISSER, et al. "Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase: mode of action on fully methyl-esterified oligogalacturonates." Biochemical Journal 346, no. 2 (2000): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3460469.

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The substrate specificity and the mode of action of Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase (PME) was determined using both fully methyl-esterified oligogalacturonates with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-6 and chemically synthesized monomethyl trigalacturonates. The enzymic activity on the different substrates and a preliminary characterization of the reaction products were performed by using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography at neutral pH. Electrospray ionization tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS) was used to localize the methyl esters on the 18O-labelled reaction products during the course

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Baghel, Madhuri, Sangeeta Patil, Mukesh Sharma, et al. "Degradation Kinetic Study and Mechanistic Interpretation of Hydrolysis of Pidotimod by LC-MS/MS: A QbD Assisted Stability Indicating Method Development." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 11 (2022): 2797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23796.

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The stability of pidotimod was investigated in this study under ICH-recommended stress degradation conditions. To explore the degradation kinetics of pidotimod, a QbD assisted stability indicating assay method was designed and validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The impacts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions were explored, with a focus on the kinetics of pidotimod hydrolytic degradation to identify the rate laws, which were parameterized using linear regression analysis. The degradation product (DP2) was formed as a major degradation product of hydrolysis. Four known and one unknown deg

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Tsai, Hung Jung, Pay Yau Huang, Chung Ming Tan, and Tang Feng Chang. "The Experimental Study on Mechanical Polishing on Materials with Hydrolysis Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 739 (June 2017): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.182.

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The hydrolytic properties of LiAlO2 (LAO) are important factors for its applications on LED fabrication. During soft pad polishing process, the H2O in the slurry is deleterious for LAO surface polishing results. The current study develops a material removal rate model for materials with hydrolysis reaction to predict the result of polishing process.The current research conducts the experimental studies to investigate the material removal rate and its mechanism during the soft pad polishing process. In the experimental study, the hydrolytic properties of LAO have been tested to understand the h

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Wen, Nanping, and Murray H. Brooker. "Rate constants for cyanate hydrolysis to urea: A Raman study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 4 (1994): 1099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-139.

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Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of potassium cyanate have been obtained at suitable time intervals. It was found that the peaks attributed to cyanate became less intense, while the peaks attributed to urea, carbamate and carbonate, centred at 1003, 1034, and 1065 cm−1, respectively, enhanced greatly with the passage of time. Further Raman spectroscopic studies revealed that the cyanate ion hydrolysed slowly and spontaneously at room temperature. Urea, carbamate, and carbonate were formed even without additional ammonium. Raman intensity measurements were used to monitor species concentratio

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CAMACHO, FERNANDO, PEDRO GONZÁLEZ-TELLO, MARÍA-PURIFICACIÓN PÁEZ-DUEÑAS, EMILIA-MARÍA GUADIX, and ANTONIO GUADIX. "Correlation of base consumption with the degree of hydrolysis in enzymic protein hydrolysis." Journal of Dairy Research 68, no. 2 (2001): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901004824.

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It is fairly easy to control the enzymic hydrolysis of proteins in alkaline conditions by measuring the base consumption required to keep the pH constant in the reactor. Unfortunately, however, base consumption is not related in any simple way to the degree of hydrolysis reached at any given moment and to establish this relationship it is essential to find out the mean pK of the α-amino groups released during the hydrolytic process. We have shown here that the correct mean pK value varies according to the pH of the working conditions and that the relationship between these values may depend up

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Xing, Tong, Changqing Dong, Xiaoying Hu, et al. "Theoretical study on the interactions between cellulose and different methyltriethoxysilane hydrolysis products." BioResources 17, no. 4 (2022): 5728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.5728-5740.

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Silylation is an effective means of cellulose modification. However, the condensation reaction process between the hydrolysis products of the silane coupling agent and cellulose, as well as the structure of the coating, which both have a strong influence on the wettability, are still controversial. In this paper, the reactions of different methyltriethoxysilane hydrolysis products with cellulose were simulated via the density functional theory method. The reaction activity centers of the different methyltriethoxysilane hydrolysis products in an ethanol solution were analyzed via the front-line

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Broxton, TJ, JR Christie, and SM Mannas. "Micellar Catalysis of Organic-Reactions. XXI. A Comparison of the Catalytic Activity of Micelles of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sulfate on Ester, Amide and Carbamate Hydrolyses." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 3 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880325.

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The basic hydrolyses of phenyl acetate, N,4-dimethyl-N-(3′- nitrophenyl ) benzamide , methyl N-methyl-N-(4′-nitrophenyl) carbamate and methyl N-(3′,5′-dinitrophenyl)-N-methylcarbamate have been studied in cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) and sulfate (ctas). Hydrolysis of phenyl acetate and the 4′-nitro carbamate, which involve rate-determining hydroxide attack, exhibit weak catalysis by both micelles, and the observed rates in each micelle are similar. The hydrolysis of the benzamide and the 3′,5′-dinitro carbamate, which involve rate determining C-N bond breaking, sh

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S. Hussein, Ikram, and Thaer M. M. Al-Rammahi. "Hydrolysis of Phospholipids in Presence of Phospholipase D:Thrmodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Hydrolysis in Water and Alcoholic Environments." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 27, no. 1 (2024): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.1.04.

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Phospholipase D(PLD)catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and hydroxyl compounds. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in animals and plants, often constituting nearly 50% of total complex lipids in animals and plants. However, Phosphatidylserine (PS) makes up around 5–10% of all phospholipids. This work includes the monitoring thermodynamic and kinetic of the enzymatic hydrolysis of PC and PS in both water and ethanol. All experiments were performedusing the Schlink line technique inN2present as an inert gas to prevent the oxidative stres

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King, James Frederick, та Kishan Chand Khemani. "The mechanism of hydrolysis of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonyl chloride: the intermediacy of 1,2-oxathietane 2,2-dioxide (β-sultone)". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, № 12 (1989): 2162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-336.

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The hydrolysis of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonyl chloride (1) has been investigated with the aid of kinetic and product analysis studies. The results are quantitatively consistent with the mechanism of hydrolysis shown in Scheme 1, the chief features of which are (a) formation of β-sultone (2) and its rapid further reaction (the major pathway), together with (b) a minor direct hydrolysis route. The kinetics of both the β β-sultone formation and the direct hydrolysis shows two terms, one first order in 1 alone, and the other first order in hydroxide as well; the rates of the first- and second-order re

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Pandey, S. K., M. L. Sharma, O. P. Pandey, and S. K. Sengupta. "Macrocyclic Zn(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate (pNPA)." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (2015): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i2.13947.

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A new series of Zn(II) macrocyclic complexes has been synthesized by the reaction of Schiff bases (derived from dihydrazides and benzil/phthalaldehyde) in the presence of zinc(II) acetate dihydrate in ethanol. The complexes have been characterized by means of elemental and spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR) and SEM analysis. The kinetic studies were done to study the catalytic properties of these complexes towards the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate (pNPA) at 25°C in aqueous dimethylsulphoxide using phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0–8.5). During the reaction, absorbance of p-nitrophenolate increases wi

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KEROVUO, Janne, Juha ROUVINEN, and Frank HATZACK. "Analysis of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate hydrolysis by Bacillus phytase: indication of a novel reaction mechanism." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 3 (2000): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520623.

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Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) hydrolysis by Bacillus phytase (PhyC) was studied. The enzyme hydrolyses only three phosphates from phytic acid. Moreover, the enzyme seems to prefer the hydrolysis of every second phosphate over that of adjacent ones. Furthermore, it is very likely that the enzyme has two alternative pathways for the hydrolysis of phytic acid, resulting in two different myo-inositol trisphosphate end products: Ins(2,4,6)P3 and Ins(1,3,5)P3. These results, together with inhibition studies with fluoride, vanadate, substrate and a substrate analogue, indicate a

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Zhao, Shunzheng, Honghong Yi, Xiaolong Tang, et al. "The Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide at Low Temperature: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/739501.

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Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and nanometal oxides. The catalytic hydrolysis of COS is a first-order reaction with respect to carbonyl sulfide, while the reaction order

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BABICKA, MARTA, IZABELA RATAJCZAK, and KRZYSZTOF DWIECKI. "A comparison of methods for obtaining nanocellulose using acid and ionic liquid hydrolysis reactions." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 107 (September 30, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7630.

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A comparison of methods for obtaining nanocellulose using acid and ionic liquid hydrolysis reactions. In this study, two methods were compared, i.e. acid hydrolysis using sulphuric acid (VI) and ionic liquid hydrolysis using 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride to obtain nanocellulose from Sigmacell Cellulose Type 20. The efficiency of both processes was tested for weight loss of the material during the reaction. The study showed that much more material can be obtained using ionic liquid hydrolysis than using acid hydrolysis. A dynamic light scattering study was performed to determine material

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McCaslin, Laura M., Mark A. Johnson, and R. Benny Gerber. "Mechanisms and competition of halide substitution and hydrolysis in reactions of N2O5 with seawater." Science Advances 5, no. 6 (2019): eaav6503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6503.

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SN2-type halide substitution and hydrolysis are two of the most ubiquitous reactions in chemistry. The interplay between these processes is fundamental in atmospheric chemistry through reactions of N2O5 and seawater. N2O5 plays a major role in regulating levels of O3, OH, NOx, and CH4. While the reactions of N2O5 and seawater are of central importance, little is known about their mechanisms. Of interest is the activation of Cl in seawater by the formation of gaseous ClNO2, which occurs despite the fact that hydrolysis (to HNO3) is energetically more favorable. We determine key features of the

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Scurti, Stefano, Alessandro Allegri, Francesca Liuzzi, et al. "Temperature-Dependent Activity of Gold Nanocatalysts Supported on Activated Carbon in Redox Catalytic Reactions: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation and 4-Nitrophenol Reduction Comparison." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030323.

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In this study, the temperature-dependent activity of Au/AC nanocatalysts in redox catalytic reactions was investigated. To this end, a series of colloidal gold catalysts supported on activated carbon and titania were prepared by the sol immobilization method employing polyvinyl alcohol as a polymeric stabilizer at different hydrolysis degrees. The as-synthesized materials were widely characterized by spectroscopic analysis (XPS, XRD, and ATR-IR) as well as TEM microscopy and DLS/ELS measurements. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction were chose

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Li, Yi Zhe, Hua Wang, and Gui Rong Bao. "Dynamic Model of Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis Reaction in Sub-Critical Water." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.510.

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Experiments of Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis Reaction in Sub-Critical Water (250-300°C, 5-60min) are Conducted in this Paper. Results Show that the Best Conditions for Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis are Reaction Temperature 290°C, Oil-Water Volume Ratio 1:3, Reaction Time 40min, and Conversion Rate 98.9%. Meanwhile, Kinetic Analysis of this Hydrolysis Reaction is Presented. we Learn that Hydrolysis Reaction Order is 0.7778, Activation Energy is 55.34kJ/mol and the Dynamic Model is .

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Humeres, Eduardo, Luiz Fernando Sequinel, Mauricéa Nunes, Célia MS Oliveira, and Patrick J. Barrie. "Kinetic effects induced by cellulose on water-catalyzed reactions. Hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl cellulose xanthate and some sugar xanthate ester analogues." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 6 (1998): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-046.

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The hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl cellulose xanthate (CelXDNP) was studied in 10% v/v aqueous ethanol at 25°C and μ = 0.1 (KCl). The water-catalyzed hydrolysis showed that, as for p-nitrobenzyl cellulose xanthate, it occurs through two parallel reactions with rate constants k'H2O = 4.40 x 10-3 s-1 for the fast hydrolysis, and k''H2O = 6.90 x 10-5 s-1 for the slow hydrolysis. The entropy of activation of the fast hydrolysis was 0.7 ± 1.8 cal K-1 mol-1. External nucleophiles such as hydroxide and simple amines show simple first-order kinetics. The spontaneous hydrolysis of CelXDNP in acetone-w

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Wang, Cheng Jun, Shan Shan Gong, and Qi Sun. "An H-Phosphonate Approach for the Preparation of Purine-Nucleoside Monophosphates." Advanced Materials Research 1023 (August 2014): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1023.51.

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Two purine-nucleoside monophosphates have been prepared from the corresponding nucleoside 5′-H-phosphonate precursors via sequential silylation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions in a one-pot manner. Compared to the reaction performed in the presence of pyridine, the hydrolysis of iodophosphate in the absence of pyridine generated nucleoside 5′-monophosphates as the major product. The experimental results indicated that the reaction between the formed nucleoside 5′-monophosphate with the residual iodophosphate intermediate was relatively slow, making the self-condensed dinucleoside diphospha

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Bulanova, A., V. Avdin, M. Golovin, and O. Zadorina. "Catalytic Properties of Yttrium Bromide Hydrolysis Products." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Chemistry" 13, no. 3 (2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/chem210311.

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The effect of hydrolysis time, final pH of synthesis, and hydrothermal treatment on the for-mation of yttrium oxyhydroxides obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of yttrium bromide was studied. Hydrolysis was carried out at different duration of the hydrolytic agent addition: 5 minutes, 1 hours and 24 hours, as well as at different final pH values were checked: 8, 9 and 10. Methods for characterization of resulting materials were: thermogravimetry combined with differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry of gaseous products of thermolysis, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning elec

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Ahmad Bahrin, Noor Fatiha, Harumi Veny, and Siti Zainab Che Mad. "Investigation on enzymatic activity of rubber seed as source of plant lipase." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 3, no. 2 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v3i2.10938.

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Rubber seed is a non-edible seed that is abundantly available and considers agricultural wastes. A potential lipase from rubber seed was examined based on the enzymatic activity and its application in the hydrolysis reaction. The enzymatic activity characterization study was determined based on p-nitrophenol release in the hydrolysis reaction. The initial evaluation showed that temperature and pH significantly influence the reaction. The optimum condition based on enzymatic activity for rubber seed was found at 30 ℃ and pH 8. The rubber seed lipase extract was then used in enzymatic hydrolysis

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Kulakova, A. M., M. G. Khrenova, and A. V. Nemukhin. "Molecular mechanism of chromogenic substrate hydrolysis in the active site of human carboxylesterase-1." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, no. 3 (2021): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216703300.

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Human carboxylesterases are involved in the protective processes of detoxification during the hydrolytic metabolism of xenobiotics. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of substrates hydrolysis in the enzymes active site is necessary for the rational drug design. In this work, the molecular mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl acetate in the active site of human carboxylesterase was determined using modern methods of molecular modeling. According to the combined method of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, the chemical reaction occurs within four elementar

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Martínez, Óscar, Lorenzo Márquez, Francisco J. Moyano, and Manuel Díaz. "Modeling the Hydrolysis of Soybean Flour Proteins Digested with Gastric Proteases of the Marine Fish Sparus aurata and Commercial Non-Starch Polysaccharidases." Fishes 10, no. 7 (2025): 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070320.

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Soybean flours are widely used as a protein-rich ingredient in fish aquafeeds, and to obtain value-added compounds after a previous treatment with proteases. Additionally, non-starch polysaccharidases (NSPases) enhance dietary protein bioaccessibility and have been used as feed additives. In this study, defatted soybean flour was hydrolyzed using Sparus aurata gastric proteases and varying doses of a commercial blend of acidic NSPases. Reactions occurred at 25 °C for 3 h under typical fish stomach pH conditions (3.5–5.6). We modeled the hydrolytic process using response surface methodology, fo

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Muhaimin, Muhaimin, Beta Wulan Febriana, and Septian Arfan. "Reaction Kinetics in Conversion Process of Pineapple Leaves into Glucose." Reaktor 18, no. 03 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.03.155-159.

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Abstract This research aimed to determine the reaction kinetics in the process of hydrolysis of pineapple leaves. The experiment was carried out at the temperature (60, 90, and 120 oC) and variation of acid catalyst concentration (0.1; 0.5 and 1 M) by observation reaction time every 30 min. The kinetics model of hydrolysis reactions of pineapple leaves has shown first order reaction with activation energy value to find the concentration of sulfuric acid successively: 0.1 M; -15420 KJ/mol; 0,5 M; 3173.8 KJ/mol; 1 M; 100.53 KJ/mol. The reaction rate constant which produced the highest glucose le

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