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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrometallurgical production'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Li, Hao, Xian Zheng Gong, Zhi Hong Wang, and Yao Li. "Life Cycle Assessment of Cathode Copper Production." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2422.

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The environmental impact of Chinese cathode copper production was identified and quantified in the context of pyrometallurgy ical and hydrometallurgical method by life cycle approach. Combined with the situation of copper resources in China, the copper ores mining, mineral processing, transportation and smelting sector, were analyzed in detail. The normalization results shows that abiotic depletion is the largest environmental impact in both Pyro-and hydro-metallurgical methods, which were 28.4 kg Sb eq and 32.0 kg Sb eq, respectively. Electrolytic refining is the key process in hydrometallurg

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2

Gaur, Raj P. Singh. "Modern hydrometallurgical production methods for tungsten." JOM 58, no. 9 (2006): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0082-0.

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3

Lipatov, Georgiy Ya, Ekaterina E. Shmakova, Vadim I. Adrianovskiy, Natalia V. Zlygosteva, and Eduard G. Plotko. "Comparative analysis of the main occupations working conditions in the copper production by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods in Russia." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 12 (2021): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-12-1443-1448.

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Introduction. The primary materials for copper production are sulfide copper-nickel and oxidized ores with a copper percentage of 1.5-4%, traditionally processed by the pyrometallurgical method. For processing depleted copper-containing raw materials (less than 1%), the pyrometallurgical approach is not commonly suitable. The introduced hydrometallurgical way differs by including in one production process, combined underground leaching of ore, extraction of copper from solution, and the following electrolysis. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the hydrometallurgical method of

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4

Robles-Vega, A., V. M. Sanchez-Corrales, and F. Castillon-Barraza. "An improved hydrometallurgical route for tellurium production." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 26, no. 3 (2009): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402231.

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5

Kasikov, Alexander G., Elena A. Shchelokova, Olga A. Timoshchik, and Artem Yu Sokolov. "Utilization of Converter Slag from Nickel Production by Hydrometallurgical Method." Metals 12, no. 11 (2022): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111934.

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The possibility of hydrometallurgical processing of converter slag from nickel production aimed at integrated use of mineral raw materials and environmental protection is shown. The scheme of hydrometallurgical processing of slag using hydrochloric acid is proposed. The method involves leaching the slag with hydrochloric acid in the presence of ferric ions. The high values of iron and nonferrous metals extraction into the leaching solution are achieved during hydrochloric acid leaching. Silicon is concentrated in an insoluble residue. Liquid extraction was used to extract iron from hydrochlori

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Koizhanova, Aigul, David Magomedov, Nurgali Abdyldayev, Maria Yerdenova, and Akbota Bakrayeva. "The effect of biochemical oxidation on the hydrometallurgical production of copper." Teknomekanik 6, no. 1 (2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v6i1.16072.

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The article presents the results of the use of the biochemical leaching method for copper-bearing non-commercial ore in a full hydrometallurgical cycle. The object of the study was the average copper-bearing ore of the Satbayev deposit, with an initial copper content of 0.26%. The experimental part of the full hydrometallurgical cycle included percolation leaching, extraction, and re-extraction tests, as well as electrodeposition tests and the production of finished cathode copper. Two variants of percolation leaching were performed as a comparison: a standard method using only sulfuric acid a

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Stanković, Srdjan, Srećko Stopić, Miroslav Sokić, Branislav Marković, and Bernd Friedrich. "Review of the past, present, and future of the hydrometallurgical production of nickel and cobalt from lateritic ores." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 26, no. 2 (2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/513.

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Laterite ores are becoming the most important global source of nickel and cobalt. Pyrometallurgical processing of the laterites is still a dominant technology, but the share of nickel and cobalt produced by the application of various hydrometallurgical technologies is increasing. Hydrometallurgy is a less energy-demanding process, resulting in lower operational costs and environmental impacts. This review covers past technologies for hydrometallurgical processing of nickel and cobalt (Caron), current technologies (high-pressure acid leaching, atmospheric leaching, heap leaching), developing te

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Stanojevic, Dusan, Lepa Filipovic-Petrovic, and Mirjana Antonijevic-Nikolic. "Cobalt distribution in the process of hydrometallurgical zinc production." Zastita materijala 56, no. 3 (2015): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1503367s.

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9

Kologrieva, U. A., A. I. Volkov, A. S. Kirichenko, V. M. Ermolov, and M. G. Mirakova. "Development of a Production Scheme for Utilizing Vanadium Pentoxide Hydrometallurgical Production Waste." Metallurgist 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-019-00836-5.

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10

Volynskii, V. V., A. V. Lopashev, S. V. Grishin, V. A. Reshetov, and I. A. Kazarinov. "A technology for hydrometallurgical processing of lamellar nickel-oxide electrodes." Electrochemical Energetics 7, no. 1 (2007): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2007-7-1-47-50.

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A technology for hydrometallurgical processing of lamellar nickel-oxide electrodes is proposed to increase the nickel usage efficiency at production of alkaline batteries with simultaneous reduction of environmental pollutions.

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11

Bozorov, A. N., and A. R. Safarov. "Hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenum-containing raw materials and waste of molybdenum production." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 2-2021 (2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.2.5.006.

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Studied the existing methods of hydrometallurgical processing of cinders until molybdenum middlings tetromolibdata ammonium, where dump kek molybdenum is up to 7–8 %. A different way of processing cinder by sintering with soda after soda leaching of molybdenum content in kek was 0.65 %.

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12

Stanojevic, Dusan, Milos Rajkovic, Dragan Toskovic, and Milana Tomic. "Lead and silver extraction from waste cake from hydrometallurgical zinc production." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 5 (2008): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0805585s.

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This paper presents the experimental results of the extraction of lead and silver from a lead-silver waste cake obtained in the process of hydrometallurgical zinc production. While controlling the pH value, the lead-silver cake was leached at a temperature close to boiling point in different concentrations of aqueous calcium chloride solutions. The experiments were performed applying different ratios between the mass of cake and the volume of the leaching agent under different durations of the process. It was concluded that at the optimal process parameters (pH 2.0-2.5; CaCl2 concentration, 3.

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Salim, Abdulswamad Rama, Amanda Empian Wong, Adrian Sabat Wong, et al. "Review analysis of the technology on recycling processes for EV batteries." Future Sustainability 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fusus.1.1.1.

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The increase in use and demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has surged the need for battery recycling methods for these batteries. This report highlights a review analysis of a few recycling methods for EV batteries, such as direct recycling, mechanical recycling, hydrometallurgical recycling, and pyrometallurgical recycling. The purpose of this review is to understand the current state of the technology, the challenges of each method, and the future developments while considering factors such as efficiency, cost, waste production, and more. Direct recycling is reusing EV batteries without disa

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14

Oráč, Dušan, Martina Laubertová, František Molnár, Jakub Klimko, Vladimír Marcinov, and Jana Pirošková. "Thermodynamic Study Proposal of Processing By-Product Containing Au, Ag, Cu and Fe Sulfides from Antimony Ore Treatment." Processes 13, no. 3 (2025): 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030842.

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A possible thermodynamic study of processing Cu (Ag, Au) and Fe sulfide concentrate as a by-product after the processing of tetrahedrite concentrate, applying pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, was studied. The sample of sulfide concentrate, 34.7 wt. % Cu, 21.4% Fe, 12 g/t Au, and 7.317 g/t Ag was contained. Analytical technique AAS was used to analyze the sample before conducting a thermodynamic study of the leaching of sulfide concentrate by applying Pourbaix Eh–pH diagrams. The outcome of this thermodynamic research will provide essential data to support recent hydrometallurg

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15

Ma, Yiqian, Michael Svärd, Xiong Xiao, James M. Gardner, Richard T. Olsson, and Kerstin Forsberg. "Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121609.

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Li-ion battery materials have been widely studied over the past decades. The metal salts that serve as starting materials for cathode and production, including Li2CO3, NiSO4, CoSO4 and MnSO4, are mainly produced using hydrometallurgical processes. In hydrometallurgy, aqueous precipitation and crystallization are important unit operations. Precipitation is mainly used in the processes of impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while controlled crystallization can be very important to produce a pure product that separates well from the liquid solution. Precipitation and crystall

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16

Önal, Mehmet Ali Recai, Lopamudra Panda, Prasad Kopparthi, Veerendra Singh, Prakash Venkatesan, and Chenna Rao Borra. "Hydrometallurgical Production of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) from Furnace Fines." Minerals 11, no. 7 (2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070712.

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The ferromanganese (FeMn) alloy is produced through the smelting-reduction of manganese ores in submerged arc furnaces. This process generates large amounts of furnace dust that is environmentally problematic for storage. Due to its fineness and high volatile content, this furnace dust cannot be recirculated through the process, either. Conventional MnO2 production requires the pre-reduction of low-grade ores at around 900 °C to convert the manganese oxides present in the ore into their respective acid-soluble forms; however, the furnace dust is a partly reduced by-product. In this study, a hy

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17

Peltekov, A. B., B. S. Boyanov, and T. S. Markova. "Behavior of arsenic in hydrometallurgical zinc production and environmental impact." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0074.

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Abstract The presence of arsenic in zinc sulphide concentrates is particularly harmful, because it creates problems in zinc electrolysis. The main source of arsenic in non-ferrous metallurgy is arsenopyrite (FeAsS). In oxidative roasting of zinc concentrates, FeAsS oxidizes to arsenic oxides (As2O3, As2O5). In this connection a natural FeAsS was examined, and also the distribution of arsenic in the products of the roasting process, the cycle of sulphuric acid obtaining and the leaching of zinc calcine were studied. The arsenic contamination of soils in the vicinity of nonferrous metals smelter

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18

Tuncuk, Aysenur, and Ata Akcil. "Iron removal in production of purified quartz by hydrometallurgical process." International Journal of Mineral Processing 153 (August 2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2016.05.021.

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19

Herrero, D., P. L. Arias, J. F. Cambra, and N. Antuñano. "Hydrometallurgical Processes Development for Zinc Oxide Production from Waelz Oxide." Waste and Biomass Valorization 1, no. 3 (2010): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-010-9033-7.

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20

Marcinov, Vladimír, Jakub Klimko, Zita Takáčová, et al. "Lithium Production and Recovery Methods: Overview of Lithium Losses." Metals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071213.

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The objective of this study is to describe primary lithium production and to summarize the methods for combined mechanical and hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study also aims to draw attention to the problem of lithium losses, which occur in individual recycling steps. The first step of hydrometallurgical treatment is leaching, which is an effective method capable of transferring over 99% of the present metals to the leach solutions. Extraction of metals after leaching can be conducted using various methods, with precipitation being the most commonly used. Th

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21

Achimovičová, M., S. Hassan-Pour, E. Gock, V. Vogt, P. Baláž, and B. Friedrich. "Aluminothermic Production of Titanium alloys (part 1): Synthesis of TiO2 as input material." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 20, no. 2 (2014): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1402141a.

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This article reports on the hydrometallurgical production of synthetic anatase from ilmenite. Mechanical activation followed by pressure leaching facilitates the leaching of ilmenite and the separation of titanium/iron by means of the synchronous hydrolysis of anatase. At 95% TiO2, the produced synthetic anatase fulfills the requirements for the aluminothermic production of titanium alloys.

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22

Matyushina, V. A., O. B. Kolmachikhina, and K. A. Vakula. "Centrifugation of Interphase Suspension with the Use of Surfactants." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.1075.

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Currently, in non–ferrous metallurgy, hydrometallurgical methods are practiced for metal recovering from copper ore in addition to pyrometallurgy, for example, SX–EW (solvent extraction–electrowinning). Although this technology gives the opportunity to get cathode copper from oxidized ores without thermal impact on the material, it has several disadvantages, one of which is the formation of interphase suspension or “crud” in the extraction process. The interphase suspension impedes and worsens extraction process performances and carries away the large number of valuable components, such as ext

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23

Paul, Sabyasachi, and Pranav Shrotriya. "Efficient Recycling Processes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials 18, no. 3 (2025): 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030613.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an indispensable power source for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the exponential growth in production and usage has necessitated highly effective recycling of end-of-life LIBs to recover valuable resources and minimize the environmental impact. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes are the most common recycling methods but pose considerable difficulties. The energy-intensive pyrometallurgical recycling process results in the loss of critica

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Xi, Zhao, Zhixing Wang, Guochun Yan, et al. "Hydrometallurgical production of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material from high-grade nickel matte." Hydrometallurgy 186 (June 2019): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.03.007.

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25

Qi, Congcong, Liping Ye, Xiaotian Ma, Donglu Yang, and Jinglan Hong. "Life cycle assessment of the hydrometallurgical zinc production chain in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 156 (July 2017): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.084.

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26

Li, Kang, Fuli Wang, Dakuo He, and Luping Zhao. "A Data-Driven Compensation Method for Production Index of Hydrometallurgical Process." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 50573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911357.

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Kologrieva, U. A., A. I. Volkov, P. E. Stulov, M. G. Mirakova, and D. V. Zinoveev. "Counterflow Leaching Technology for Vanadium from Vanadium Pentoxide Hydrometallurgical Production Slurry." Metallurgist 64, no. 5-6 (2020): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-020-01025-5.

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Li, Linye, Yuzhang Li, and Guoquan Zhang. "Summary of Pretreatment of Waste Lithium-Ion Batteries and Recycling of Valuable Metal Materials: A Review." Separations 11, no. 7 (2024): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11070196.

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The recycling of used lithium-ion batteries has become a growing concern. As a large number of rare metal elements are present in waste lithium-ion batteries, recycling them can significantly improve resource utilization and reduce the material cost of battery production. The process of recycling used lithium-ion batteries involves three main technology parts: pretreatment, material recovery, and cathode material recycling. Pretreatment includes discharge treatment, uniform crushing, and removing impurities. Material-recovery technology mainly involves traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrome

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Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira, and Nagendra Tripathi. "Copper Anode Slime Processing with a Focus on Gold Recovery: A Review of Traditional and Recent Technologies." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12122686.

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Copper anode slime (CAS) contains high concentrations of precious metals, particularly gold, which can reach up to 11 wt%. During copper anode electrorefining, 5–10 kg of CAS is generated per ton of copper cathode. Processing CAS is crucial for economic reasons, as gold significantly contributes to revenue for both miners and custom copper smelters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of industrial processes and technologies for CAS treatment, with a focus on gold recovery, covering studies from the early 1930s to the present. It documents traditional and recent trends and analyzes the

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Krstev, Boris, Aleksandar Krstev, and Dejan Krstev. "The producing of lead and elemental sulfur by new technologies from galenite ores." Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business 7, no. 1 (2011): 77–79. https://doi.org/10.15208/pieb.2011.18.

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  These investigations have developed an effective hydrometallurgical method to recover high-purity lead metal and elemental sulfur from simulated galena synthetic mixtures eliminating sulfur gases and lead emissions, in contrast to the current high-temperature smelting technology. The method consists of different operations: oxidative leaching with production of solution with residue containing elemental sulfur, electrowinning by the solution with metal production. The obtained results determined the optimal parameters for possible processing of natural domestic galena ores.

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Wang, Zulin, Pyry-Mikko Hannula, Swarnalok De, et al. "Controllable Production of Ag/Zn and Ag Particles from Hydrometallurgical Zinc Solutions." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 24 (2021): 8186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01789.

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Deng, Zhigan, Beiping Zhu, Peng Zeng, et al. "Behaviour and characterization of hematite process for iron removal in hydrometallurgical production." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 58, no. 2 (2018): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00084433.2018.1535929.

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33

Laatikainen, Katri, Marko Lahtinen, Markku Laatikainen, and Erkki Paatero. "Copper removal by chelating adsorption in solution purification of hydrometallurgical zinc production." Hydrometallurgy 104, no. 1 (2010): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.04.005.

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34

Kenzhaliyev, B. K., B. S. Amangeldy, A. Mukhanbet, N. Azatbekuly, A. K. Koizhanova, and D. R. Magomedov. "Development of Software for Hydrometallurgical Calculation of Metal Extraction." Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 335, no. 4 (2024): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.42.

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Hydrometallurgy plays a critical role in the metallurgical industry by providing an efficient method for extracting metals from ores and secondary materials using aqueous solutions. This approach is particularly advantageous for processing low-grade and complex ores, as well as secondary resources that cannot be effectively processed by traditional pyrometallurgical methods. The objective of this study is to develop specialized software to automate and optimize the calculations necessary for metal extraction in hydrometallurgical processes. The software integrates a complete computational fram

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35

Ivannikov, Sergei, Oleg Ageev, Svetlana Bratskaya, Michael Medkov, Evgeny Shamrai, and Aleksandr Yudakov. "Beneficiation and hydrometallurgical processing of gold-containing sludge." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185603007.

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The research results of technogenic objects in the Far East of Russia, in particular, the silt of the settling pond "Chalgany" and the waste of the Chalganov kaolin plant are given. The presence of valuable components in the investigated objects is shown, in particular: gold, noble metals, rare earth elements. It is established that gold in the investigated objects is represented mainly by a difficult-to-extract finely dispersed class of fineness (<5 μm). The methods of preliminary concentration and hydrometallurgical processing, which allow extracting gold from the studied technogenic obje

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Kenzhaliyev, Bagdaulet, Nurtugan Azatbekuly, Serik Aibagarov, Bibars Amangeldy, Aigul Koizhanova, and David Magomedov. "Predicting Industrial Copper Hydrometallurgy Output with Deep Learning Approach Using Data Augmentation." Minerals 15, no. 7 (2025): 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15070702.

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Sustainable copper extraction presents significant challenges due to waste generation and environmental impacts, requiring advanced predictive methodologies to optimize production processes. This study addresses a gap in applying deep learning to forecast hydrometallurgical copper production by comparing six recurrent neural network architectures: Vanilla LSTM, Stacked LSTM, Bidirectional LSTM, GRU, CNN-LSTM, and Attention LSTM. Using time-series data from a full-scale industrial operation, we implemented a data augmentation approach to overcome data scarcity limitations. The models were evalu

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Zeng, Dewen, and Wenlei Wang. "Solubility phenomena involving CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes concerning heavy metals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (2011): 1045–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-09-11.

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Deposit of CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes involving heavy metals usually decreases production quality and harms the production process. To avoid its formation at false time and sites, a sound understanding of the solubility behavior of CaSO4 in the quaternary systems CaSO4 + H2SO4 + (heavy metal)SO4 + H2O over large ranges of temperature and concentration is a prerequisite. Up to now, although a large amount of solubility data has been reported in these systems, little information is available on the solubility of anhydrite, especially at salt concentrations near saturation points. In t

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Silin, Ivan, Christian Dertmann, Vesna S. Cvetković, Srecko Stopic, and Bernd Friedrich. "Prevention of Silica Gel Formation for Eudialyte Study Using New Digestion Reactor." Minerals 14, no. 2 (2024): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14020124.

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This work includes a combined hydrometallurgical treatment of a eudialyte ore sample with a subsequent preparation of leaching residue using mechanical separation methods. Hydrometallurgical treatment contains dry digestion with sulphuric acid at room temperature and filtration of the obtained product. The objectives of adopting these procedures are to test a new digestion reactor in order to prevent silica gel formation from the eudialyte ore. The obtained results revealed that silica gel formation is prevented during dissolution with sulphuric acid. A high leaching efficiency of light rare e

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Soto Calle, Gloria, Nestor Ricardo Rojas Reyes, Adrián Gómez Zapata, and Sandra Díaz Bello. "Characterization and Processing of Phosphate Rock as a Raw Material for Potential Use as Biomaterials." Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina 35, no. 1 (2025): 11–24. https://doi.org/10.18359/rcin.7311.

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Seventy-five percent of the phosphate rock extracted is used for the production of phosphoric acid. However, during the leaching process, it is also possible to dissolve calcium compounds, allowing for the extraction of phosphorus and calcium ions from the resulting solution. This study focused on the application of hydrometallurgical processes directly to phosphate rock to obtain calcium phosphates with potential applications in the manufacture of biomaterials. After a physicochemical characterization of four phosphate rock samples, one sample was subjected to a hydrometallurgical process usi

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Staudacher, Malena, Dominik Goes, Sohyun Ahn, et al. "Conceptual Recycling Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers—Case Study Involving Review-Derived Model Stack." Recycling 10, no. 3 (2025): 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10030121.

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The recycling of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) raw materials is imperative due to their scarcity, cost, complexity and environmental impact. This is particularly true in the context of expanding electrolyzer manufacturing and reducing production costs. Developing comprehensive recycling strategies requires the creation of a model stack due to the diversity in stack design, structure and materials. The review-derived model presented here provides a sound basis and summarizes the variety of approaches found in the literature and industry. The holistically developed recyclin

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Schiavi, Pier Giorgio, Flavia Carla dos Santos Martins Padoan, Pietro Altimari, and Francesca Pagnanelli. "Cryo-Mechanical Treatment and Hydrometallurgical Process for Recycling Li-MnO2 Primary Batteries with the Direct Production of LiMnPO4 Nanoparticles." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154004.

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In this work, an innovative hydrometallurgical recycling route for the recovery of all the materials composing Li-MnO2 primary batteries was proposed. End-of-life batteries were mechanically treated in an innovative pilot plant where a cryogenic crushing was performed. The mechanical treatment allowed for the release of the electrodic powder contained in the batteries with the simultaneous recovery of 44 kg of steel and 18 kg of plastics from 100 kg of batteries. Electrodic powder was employed as the raw material for the synthesis of LiMnPO4 nanoparticles. To obtain the synthesis precursors, s

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Jiang, Jia Chao, Cui Xiang Guo, and You Cai Zhao. "Production of Zinc Powder by Alkaline Hydrometallurgy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.1142.

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. In this paper, a novel hydrometallurgical process for zinc powder production in alkaline solution at industrial scale was reported. The production procedure was developed and discussed, and the characteristics of the zinc powder products, including mineral phases, chemical composition, surface morphology, apparent density and specific surface area were investigated. It is found that the chemical composition of the products have completely reached the need of the National Standard GB/T 6890-2000. Although the outward apperance is always in powdery form, the zinc powder products are composed o

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Zhou, Ke Liang, Yu Lan Jiang, Jin Lin Huang, and Bin Yan. "Modeling and Analysis of Multi-Objective Automatic Balance System in the Hydrometallurgical Process." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.784.

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During the hydrometallurgical production process, there are many towers working at the same time. In order to improve production efficiency, we need to control the level height of every tower. Takes example for 6 towers, do research on the level control system in metal ions production process. According to the theory of materials balance, the mathematic model of the system are established. Programmed the mathematic model by Matlab. In order to make the level of each tower at the same height, work out how many adjust times needed and how much adsorbate every tower inflow and outflow each time.

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Fan, Yu Jie, Feng Gao, Bo Xue Sun, Ming Yue, and Xiao Wen Yin. "Life Cycle Assessment of the NdFeB Recycling Process Route for Oil Sludge Waste Treatment." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 1050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.1050.

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In this paper, based on the life cycle concept of oil sludge waste from the NdFeB manufacturing process, we investigate the process technology route to recover valuable elements from the oil sludge waste by hydro-metallurgical refining and calcium reduction to fabricate a sintered NdFeB magnet. The life cycle list was calculated and the environmental impact of the main processes was examined using the ReCiPe method, and the main factors of environmental impact were identified. The results showed that the hydrometallurgical technology route, compared with the calcium reduction technology route,

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Nemchinova, Nina V. "Hydrometallurgical Processing of Spent Carbon Lining to Extract Valuable Components for Cryolite Production." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.667.

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The technique of mathematical modeling using the Selector software package has been applied to study the leaching of fluorine from the carbon part of the aluminum electrolysis cell spent lining. Based on the model obtained, the effects of the solvent (caustic soda Na2Oку) concentration and the ratio of liquid and solid phases in the pulp on the fluorine extraction have been assessed. The research object was the lining samples by the RUSAL Krasnoyarsk JSC. A thermodynamic assessment of the spent carbon lining components behavior during the alkaline processing has been performed with the introdu

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Kasikov, A. G., N. S. Areshina, and I. E. Mal’ts. "Hydrometallurgical processing of the fine dusts of copper production of OAO Kol’skaya GMK." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 44, no. 5 (2010): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579510050295.

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Sommerfeld, Marcus, Claudia Vonderstein, Christian Dertmann, et al. "A Combined Pyro- and Hydrometallurgical Approach to Recycle Pyrolyzed Lithium-Ion Battery Black Mass Part 1: Production of Lithium Concentrates in an Electric Arc Furnace." Metals 10, no. 8 (2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081069.

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Due to the increasing demand for battery raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium, the extraction of these metals not only from primary, but also from secondary sources like spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important. One possible approach for an optimized recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs is a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. According to the pyrometallurgical process route, in this paper, a suitable slag design for the generation of slag enriched by lithium and mixed cobalt, nickel, and copper alloy as intermediate produc

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Vasilkova, A. О., N. V. Vasilkov, О. D. Khmelnitskaya, and G. I. Voyloshnikov. "Analysis of the current state of technologies in the field of recycling technogenic gold-containing raw materials." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 25, no. 1 (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-1-97-107.

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In this article, we review existing approaches to recycling technogenic raw materials (ore dumps, metallurgical production slag, mill tailings of ore-dressing plants, etc.), containing non-ferrous and noble metals, which are accumulated in almost non-ferrous metallurgy industries. An analysis of existing technologies for processing technogenic raw materials (pyrite cinders and flotation tailings of concentration plants), which include enrichment, pyro- and hydrometallurgical and combined ways of extracting valuable components, was conducted on the basis of a review of published sources. It was

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Puhakka, Jaakko A., Päivi H. M. Kinnunen, Tuomas van der Meer, et al. "High-Rate Fluidized-Bed Ferric Sulfate Generation for Hydrometallurgical Applications." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.54.

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An overview is presented of a multi-year research effort on developing high-rate fluidized-bed bioprocesses for ferric sulfate production to be used as a unit process in various hydrometallurgical applications including indirect tank leaching of ore concentrates, regeneration of heap leach liquors and control of iron containing acidic mine wastewater. Iron oxidation rates of over 26 kg m-3 h-1 were achieved at hydraulic retention times of less than 1 h at 37 °C. Oxygen supply became the rate-limiting factor even with 99.5% dioxygen aeration. Fe2+ oxidation proceeded at pH below 1 even in the p

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Jumadilov, T. K., Kh Khimersen, B. Totkhuskyzy, and J. Haponiuk. "Adsorption methods for the extraction and seperation of rare earth elements. Review." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 318, no. 3 (2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.24.

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Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange

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