Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrométallurgie'
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Saoud, El Mustapha. "Modélisation de l'extraction du cuivre et du cobalt en milieu chlorure par le chlorure de tri-iso-octylammonium." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10090.
Full textComel, Julien. "L’acide phytique : réactif de précipitation bio-sourcé pour une hydrométallurgie verte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0067.
Full textAlthough many agro-resources reagents have already been studied for potential use in hydrometallurgy, very few have found industrial application. The possibility of using phytic acid as a selective precipitation reagent was investigated in this work. This acid, which is the main source of phosphorus present in cereals, is considered as an antinutritional agent, which is eliminated by simple water soaking. The precipitation of five metal cations (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) was studied, the first three metals being often considered undesirable in hydrometallurgy. First, the formulae of the metal phytates were established (Al₃C₆H9P₆O₂₄,7H₂O, Fe7C1₂H15P1₂O₄₈,15H₂O, Pb₆C₆H₆P₆O₂₄,10H₂O, Cu₆C₆H₆P₆O₂₄,8H₂O, Zn₆C₆H₆P₆O₂₄,6H₂O). Then, the solubility of these compounds was determined in water at 20°C to determine their solubility product and establish their conditional solubility diagram to consider two possible study cases: iron removal in calcine leachate (zinc hydrometallurgy) and removal of Fe³⁺, Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺ in nitric leachates from printed circuit board. These separations were optimized using design of experiment methodology. In both cases, only pH influences precipitation. In the case of the Iron/Zinc mixture, it is possible to remove more than 99,6 % of the trivalent iron with less than 0,6 % of the zinc co-precipitated. In the second case, a two-step precipitation allows to remove 100 % of the iron, 99 % of the aluminum, 98 % of lead with less than 2 % copper loss. Fe/Zn separation was studied at the pilot step. The results confirmed those obtained at the laboratory step. A comparison with the three main existing industrial processes demonstrated that phytic acid allowed to obtain better iron removal efficiency and reduced zinc in the precipitate, leading to solid waste with a less environmental impact than jarosite considered as hazardous waste
Desnoyer, Christophe. "Analyse physico-chimique de dispersions liquide-liquide concentrées en electrolytes : application aux procédés d'extraction en hydrométallurgie." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT001G.
Full textArtese, Alexandre. "Caractérisation de ligands N,P pour le raffinage de l'uranium(VI) en milieu nitrique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS067.
Full textRefining plants of natural uranium concentrates use hydrometallurgical processes to produce uranium with a so-called "nuclear" purity. After dissolution in nitric acid to obtain an aqueous solution of uranium(VI), solvent extraction process is used to purify uranium. The commonly used extractant tri-n-butyl phosphate (or TBP) present however some drawbacks (accumulation of thorium, non-concentrating back-extraction, significant solubility in an aqueous phase).The goal of the study is to explore the ability of new N, P bifunctional extractants for the selective extraction of uranium(VI) in nitric media, and to understand the mechanisms involved in the extraction of uranium(VI) as well as in the extraction of the competing element zirconium(IV).Mechanisms underlying solvent extraction processes being not only based on the chelating properties of the extractant molecules, but also on their capacity to form supramolecular aggregates because of their amphiphilic nature, the extraction mechanisms were studied at both molecular and supramolecular scales.Thanks to the understanding of the extraction mechanisms, the difference of separation factor U/Zr obtained with two amidophosphonates extractants which differ only in the presence of a central alkyl chain could be explained. It was shown that this difference takes its origin in the ability of one of the extractants N, P to self-assemble and not in different affinities of the coordinating functions
Gouedard, Véronique. "Le lithium d'Echassières : développement d'un procédé de valorisation de la lépidolite par voie sulfurique." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2035.
Full textManfoumbi, Christian. "Précipitation des gels de silice en solution aqueuse sursaturée à forte acidité : mécanismes et mésostructures, application à la filtrabilité des pulpes dans les procédés hydrométallurgiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30251/document.
Full textThe formation of silica gels in hydrometallurgical processes is very often problematic for the performance of the solid-liquid separation steps, due to clogging of the filters. These steps are carried out downstream of leaching aiming to solubilize the elements of interests, in particular in solutions with strong acidity. Also dissolved during acidic leaching, the silicon then precipitates in the form of silicon oxide and forms gels extremely detrimental to filtration. In collaboration with ERAMET Research, a research center of ERAMET, a french mining group that designs hydrometallurgical processes, we studied the influence of the leaching conditions of a specific ore on the dissolution kinetics of silicon as well as on the mechanisms of precipitation of silica in an acidic solution. We have shown that below a pH value of 2, silica polymerizes to form gels following mechanisms independent of the ionic composition of the solution. Based, on the structural study of the gels, carried out by small angle radiation scattering (SAXS) we proposed a model for the mesotructure, which explain the impact on filtration rates. Subsequently, strategies to modify the mesostructure of the gels by physical or physicochemical approaches were considered. The results have shown the potentialities of these strategies in the short term to improve the filterability of precipitated silica gels in a hydrométallurgical process
Isildar, Arda. "Biological versus chemical leaching of electronic waste for copper and gold recovery." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1125/document.
Full textThe well-being of the society depends on a number of metals, including base metals, precious metals and increasingly rare earth elements (REE). The usage of these metals increased in numerous applications, including electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), and their interrupted supply is at stake. There is an increasing interest in the secondary sources of these metals, particularly waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in order to compensate their potential supply deficit. This PhD thesis demonstrates the advantages and bottlenecks of biological and chemical approaches, as well as the advances and perspectives in the development of sustainable processes for metal recovery from WEEE. Furthermore, a novel process for the recovery of metals from WEEE is described, and a techno-economic assessment is given. Discarded printed circuit boards (PCB) from personal computers (PC), laptops, mobile phones and telecom servers were studied. Following an extensive literature review, a novel characterization and total metal assay method is introduced and applied to waste board materials. Discarded PCB contained metals in the range of (%, by weight): copper (Cu) 17.6 - 39.0, iron (Fe) 0.7 - 7.5, aluminum (Al) 1.0 - 5.5, nickel (Ni) 0.2 - 1.1, zinc (Zn) 0.3 - 1.2, as well as gold (Au) (in ppm) 21 - 320. In addition, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) methodology is applied for selection of the best-suited technology. A proof-of-concept for a two-step bioleaching extraction was given, in which 98.4% and 44.0% of the Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted. The two-step extraction concept was applied to the chemical leaching of metals from PCB. Cu leaching was carried in an acidic oxidative mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2, whereas Au leaching for carried out by S_2 O_3^(2-) in a NH_4^+ medium, catalyzed by CuSO4. Under the optimized parameters, 99.2% and 96.6% of Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted from the board material. Selective recovery of Cu from the bioleaching leachate using sulfidic precipitation and electrowinning was studied. Cu was selectively recovered on the cathode electrode at a 50 mA current density in 50 minutes, with a 97.8% efficiency and 65.0% purity. The techno-economic analysis and environmental sustainability assessment of the new technology at an early stage of development was investigated
Perrin, Mathilde. "Récupération sélective de métaux à partir des mâchefers d'incinérateurs d'ordures ménagères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI118.
Full textThe thesis is part of a European project called Refina focused on the development of innovative processes for the valorization of the fine fraction of municipal waste incinerator bottom ashes. Indeed, the fine fraction of this residue issued from the incineration of our household waste is not valorized in Europe, mainly due its high content in leachable metals. At the same time, the surface of sites available for its landfilling decreases and the landfill costs increase. Moreover, the increase in metals and sand consumption has prompted the interest in this residue, which presents concentrations of certain metals such as copper close to the currently mined low-grade ores (around 0.3 wt%).The project partners worked on three different alternatives of this fine fraction valorization in order to evaluate their feasibility: the physical concentration of metals, the valorization of the solid in lightweight concretes (LWC), and the development of a hydrometallurgical process for recovery of metals of interest. It is this latter part that constitutes the project of this thesis. After characterization of the raw solid, the choice of metals of interest was focused first on copper, followed by zinc. In the case of the concentrated fraction provided by the project partners, nickel and silver recovery could be envisaged too.Firstly, the raw fraction issued directly from the incineration facility was processed by hydrometallurgy with severe constraints regarding the volumes to be treated and the abundance of various accompanying elements and carbonate minerals. In the second part of the thesis, the hydrometallurgical process was adapted to the use of physically pre-concentrated materials at the entry of the process. Finally, the environmental and economic analysis of the complete process developed by all the partners within the Refina project was carried out. The aim is to assess the environmental and economic benefits of the process and identify the areas for improvement. Copper and zinc leaching yields as high as 90% and 70% have been reached respectively both for the raw or the concentrated bottom ashes. Both elements are then recovered under the form of copper metal with a purity of over 99.6%, silver being its major impurity, and as ZnAl2O4 for zinc. Environmental and economic analysis shows that the direct valorization of the fine fraction in concrete is the most economically viable method but has no significant positive impacts on the environment. On the contrary, the recovery of metals in addition to the use of the light mineral fraction in concrete represents a higher economic cost, but generates a greater positive impact on the environment, notably in the resource scarcity impact categories
Noirot, Pierre-Antoine. "Logiciels d'étude et de prévision des extractions par solvants : application à la valorisation des solutions de chlorure de nickel." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10129.
Full textAit, Maamar Rachid. "Systeme expert temps réel pour l'hydrométallurgie des non ferreux." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132023.
Full textLe, Meliner Maria Mendes Da Silva. "Caractérisation et valorisation de minerai de xénotime ((Y,TR) PO4) par voie hydrométallurgique." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10135.
Full textBethmont, Valérie. "Utilisation de composés poly(oxygénés) du type macrocycle ou hémisépulcrand en hydrométallurgie nucléaire : étude de l'effet du diluant : approche supramoléculaire." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10016.
Full textElamari, Khalid. "Traitement hydrométallurgique en milieux acides des boues d'électroaffinage du cuivre." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_ELAMARI_K.pdf.
Full textCoilhac, Marie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé de séparation de cobalt et de nickel par extraction liquide-liquide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC048.
Full textThis thesis work aims at modelling and optimizing the step of cobalt and nickel separation by solvent extraction, for a hydrometallurgical process. The first stage of the adopted methodology consisted in studying and modelling separately the extraction equilibria of each metal present in the industrial feed solution (cobalt, nickel, magnesium, manganese and zinc) by the phosphinic acid CYANEX® 272 diluted in an inert hydrocarbon mixture. The resulting extraction reactions and their associated equilibrium constants are the basis of a multi-element thermodynamic model that simulates the batch extraction of mixtures of the 5 metals. The next stage of the study consisted in modelling the continuous process of cobalt and nickel separation, based on the multi-element thermodynamic model. This multi-stage process operated counter-currently includes different steps : extraction, scrubbing, cobalt stripping and zinc stripping. In the model developed, the metal concentrations in both phases, the pH in all the stages, and the reagent consumptions are calculated by an iterative method. This simulation tool allowed identifying optimal operational conditions, for which the cobalt extraction yield of 95% is reached with significant caustic soda savings. Then the proposed conditions have been validated through continuous pilot tests
Djoudi, Neïla. "Conception, développement et mise au point d'un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération du cobalt (II) issu de mines secondaires par précipitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0010.
Full textCobalt is one of the fifty strategic metals considered essential for the industry and which are at the heart of global economic and geopolitical issues. This is why, research into the recovery of this critical metal, from industrial or urban waste, are particularly important for the years to come. The subject of the thesis is the development of a hydrometallurgical process to recover cobalt from a Li-ion battery leachate by precipitation. The first part of the thesis focused on the precipitating agent choice, which must meet a certain number of criteria in order to recover cobalt efficiently. Based on these criteria, a comparative study of the different precipitating agents was carried out. It was based on the literature as well as on the simulations of thermodynamic equilibria carried out in Visual Minteq 3.0. The results showed that it was possible to recover 99.8% of cobalt, in the hydroxide form. Based on these results, experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses put forward and to compare the results obtained with the simulations performed. Experimentally, several parameters were studied in order to determine the optimal conditions for cobalt recovery, in terms of yield, filterability and selectivity. Certain parameters such as supersaturation can influence the product obtained typology (particle size, agglomerate size, polymorphism...). The selected polymorph should allow to obtain the highest yields and the lowest filtration times. Subsequently, the research focused on the study of complex synthetic media containing cobalt and manganese, thus getting closer to the real conditions of Li-ion battery leachates, and appearing on the proposed process scheme. Experimental results were compared to simulations previously carried out. Finally, based on the results obtained in discontinuous mode, experiments were carried out in continuous mode. It was possible to determine the optimal parameters for cobalt recovery and to extrapolate them to the pilot scale in a fluidized bed reactor, allowing the process to be considered on a larger scale
Xuan, Wen. "Développement d'un procédé hydrométallurgique pour le recyclage des électrodes positives de type NMC contenues dans les batteries lithium-ion usagées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0074.
Full textElectrochemical energy storage is essential for energy transition. Currently, Lithium-ion batteries are one of the successful technologies to store and release energy reversibly for electric vehicles and many other applications. As a part of the circular economy, the spent lithium-ion batteries must be recycled. Hydrometallurgy is one of the solutions to process batteries and produce raw materials that can be reused to make new batteries. In this context, this PhD thesis focused on the development of a hydrometallurgical process for recycling NMC cathodic materials (LiNixMnyCozO2) contained in spent Li-ion batteries. After a detailed presentation of the context and the recycling technologies of lithium-ion batteries in the first chapter of the manuscript, the second chapter concerns the development of the first step of a hydrometallurgical process, i.e. the leaching operation. This part addresses the comprehension of the mechanisms of NMC leaching in hydrochloric acid. A new mechanism was proposed, which suggests that the reaction takes place in two steps: a fast phase transformation leading to the formation of a new lithium-deficient phase followed by the dissolution of this new phase which is the limiting step. Leaching kinetics have been successfully described by several semi-empirical kinetic models. The experimental data can be used to find optimal experimental conditions to efficiently leach NMC cathode materials in 4 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid. In the third chapter, a new flowsheet implementing solvent extraction and precipitation stages was designed based on the results found in the second chapter. It was shown that cobalt(II) could be extracted at room temperature from 7 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid by using 0.4 mol L⁻¹ Alamine® 336 diluted in kerosene modified by 1-dodecanol at a phase volume ration O/A=2 by means of four mixer settlers. Afterwards, cobalt(II) was stripped by 0.1 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid. In a second step, manganese(II) could be extracted at room temperature by 0.7 mol L⁻¹ Alamine® 336 diluted in kerosene modified by 1-dodecanol at a phase volume ratio O/A=2 by means of two mixer settlers. Nickel(II) was precipitated at pH 8 without lithium co-precipitation. In the last chapter, the potentialities of antisolvent precipitation and its implementation into a lithium-ion battery recycling process was assayed. It turns out that antisolvent precipitation using ethanol or acetone cannot be applied to precipitate cobalt(II), nickel(II), manganese(II) or lithium(I) in acidic chloride media. Conversely, it was possible to precipitate all of the metals except for lithium(I) from a leaching solution produced from NMC dissolution in 1.5 mol L⁻¹ citric acid at S/L = 20 g/ L. After mixing two parts of acetone in one part of the leachate, 99 (wt)% of manganese, 98 (wt)% of cobalt and 87 (wt)% of nickel were recovered in the precipitate after 120 hours while the Li remained in solution. This process paves the way for the separation of manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from lithium(I). The precipitate was calcined at 900 °C for 1 hour to produce mixed metal oxides
Deblonde, Gauthier. "Spéciation du niobium et du tantale en milieux basiques et développement d’un procédé hydrométallurgique pour la séparation niobium-tantale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066761.
Full textNiobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are two strategic elements for developed countries because of their unequalled properties and their use in several key sectors like the aerospace, fuel, building, nuclear, medical imaging or electronic industries. Due to their almost-identical chemical properties, the industrial processes currently used for the niobium-tantalum separation require strongly complexing media, like hydrofluoric acid. However, the high toxicity and the environmental footprint of these media force the industrials to develop new processes. In this regard, alkaline media represent a good alternative but the chemistry of Nb and Ta in such media is still poorly known. The objectives of this PhD thesis were to probe the speciation of Nb and Ta in alkaline aqueous solutions and to develop a new hydrometallurgical process able to perform the Nb-Ta separation. Firstly, new data were obtained on the speciation of Nb and Ta in alkaline media based on solubility measurements, UV-visible spectrophotometry, solid state NMR, Raman spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. Secondly, the information obtained from aqueous solutions (both synthetic and industrial) allowed us to develop an original solvent extraction process able to separate Nb and Ta without using any fluoride compound. This innovative process was tested at a pilot-scale (~ 1 L/h) on industrial solutions. The technical-economic evaluation of the developed process shows that this latter is profitable and economically competitive over the current industrial processes
Tambwe, Kasong'a-Mwimba Dieudonné-Louis. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un procédé hydrometallurgique de valorisation des boues de lixiviation du zinc : cas des résidus des usines à zinc de Kolwezi, UZK, Générale des carrières et des mines, R.D. Congo." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0939.
Full textChour, Zeinab. "Valorisation de terres rares à partir de plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0142/document.
Full textDue to the risk of primary resource supply of rare earths and the environmental impacts generated by mining areas, the concept of agromining seems to be a very promising solution. It allows the extraction of heavy metals from polluted soils or industrial wastelands, by an environmentally friendly method, thanks to the cultivation of hyperaccumulating plants. Once the culture is completed, hydrometallurgical processes are developed in order to extract from plants the metals having a significant economic value. The present work aims to develop hydrometallurgical processes for the extraction of rare earths from a hyperaccumulator plant called Dicranopteris dichotoma. This fern is known for its high ability to accumulate rare earths, especially light ones, in its aerial part. Different extraction and separation ways of rare earths from other elements have been studied. At first, leaching of dry biomass was implemented. The leaching yields according to the nature of extracting solutions could thus be compared. For this approach, precipitation is then performed, followed by calcination step to obtain rare earth oxides. In a second approach, the leaching of dry biomass was intensified by an ion exchange process during which, the rare earths are fixed on the resin. After percolating solutions on the resin in order to eliminate impurities, an elution step leads to obtain a concentrated solution of rare earths. Finally, a third extraction process is carried out from the ashes of D. dichotoma, after a combustion step. This approach is based on an alkaline leaching of the ash allowing the elimination of soluble impurities in this medium. The residue is then dissolved, followed by rare earths selective precipitation. These three approaches studied, are actually complementary and the combination of certain steps can be promising, especially to eliminate some impurities. The study of these processes and their combination deserves to be pursued in order to improve the extraction yields and the purity of final product. It will then develop a pilot scale and industrial process
Paulo, João Bosco Araujo de. "Mise au point d'un nouveau mélangeur-décanteur à inversion de phase. Application à l'extraction du cuivre." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT019G.
Full textBelfqueh, Sahar. "Développement d’un procédé éco-compatible de recyclage des terres rares issues des aimants permanents." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2022_BELFQUEH.pdf.
Full textRare earth elements (REEs) are omnipresent in high technology devices (smartphones, computers…) and are increasingly used in green technologies (wind power turbines, electric vehicles…). Due to their importance, these metals are considered critical for Europe, which has very few primary deposits. Access to these REEs can be considered through the recycling of end-of-life products, in particular through NdFeB or SmCo permanent magnets, which represent 37%, by weight, of the REEs market.In this context, this thesis studies the recycling of REEs, especially Nd, Pr and Dy from NdFeB permanent magnets, found in hard disk drives, through “eco-compatible” hydrometallurgical routes considering the use of organic acids in the leaching process as alternatives to the mineral acids, and the use of a diglycolamide (N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl diglycolamide - TODGA) as the extracting molecule as an alternative to organophosphorus compounds.Multiparametric studies were realized in order to evaluate the selective recovery of REEs from other elements present in these magnets, in particular iron.Thus, from the results obtained, two alternative methods are proposed.The first process consists in an oxidative roasting of the NdFeB magnet powder followed by two selective leaching steps that allow, after the steps of precipitation and calcination, the separation of Didymium oxide (Nd2O3. Pr2O3), dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) which is non-leachable in acetic acid. The feasibility of this process has been demonstrated on synthetic mixtures of oxides having the same composition as an oxidized NdFeB magnet powder (leaching> 95%, oxide purity> 99.8%). However, the oxidative roasting conditions must be further optimized in order to reproduce the same results on the real NdFeB magnet powder.The second process starts with the complete leaching of the non-roasted NdFeB magnet powder followed by a solvent extraction step using the extracting molecule TODGA. Thereby, a two-stage solvent extraction allowed the extraction of all REEs (Nd, Pr and Dy) with excellent selectivity against other elements present in the acetic acid leachate (Fe, B, Co and Ni). The quantitative stripping of all extracted REEs was possible using an EDTA solution. In addition, a multi-stage solvent extraction, using TODGA, followed by a stripping step using water allowed the separation of Didymium and dysprosium
Sandré, Anne-Laure. "Nouveau procédé de dissolution-précipitation pour l’exploitation de minerais nickélifères oxydés par voie hydrométallurgique : études cinétiques, modélisation et calcul de réacteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0037.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to build a predictive model for a continuous industrial unit combining simultaneously nickel ore dissolution and iron precipitation. A two steps method was used. First experiments in batch or semi-batch reactors were done in order to understand and model separately the different phenomenon that take place. Then all the equations and associated constants were used to build a model. This work allowed some advances both on the system studied and on the methods used. First thermodynamics of Na-Fe(III)-H2SO4 solutions in the 70-100°C temperature range was clarified and natrojarosite solubility constant Na0,84H0,16Fe2,90(SO4)2(OH)5,7 was deduced. Secondly parameters acting on sodium and potassium jarosite precipitation were highlighted and their growth kinetics were deduced through an original use of caracterisctics method. Then ore dissolution kinetics were found, taking into account different ores phases and their granulometry. After deducing all the necessary parameters, an original model allowing to simulate a cascade of dissolution/precipitation reactors with recyling loop was build and validated. This conception tool, coupled with a technico-economic study allows the optimisation of such a process
Billy, Emmanuel. "Application des liquides ioniques à la valorisation des métaux précieux par une voie de chimie verte." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721825.
Full textGuilpain, Mathilde. "Procédés innovants pour la valorisation du nickel directement extrait de plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0179/document.
Full textAgromining is a chain allowing the recovery of metals dispersed in soils or other matrices, using hyperaccumulator plants (HA). The first step is to grow these plants to achieve high yields of metals and the second to produce metal compounds of interest from the plant biomass. Agromining has mainly been developed to value nickel (Ni). Until now, biomass was burnt to concentrate the metal and remove organic matter. The challenge of this research is to design processes for Ni recovery by direct extraction from biomass, without burning the plant. It will allow a better understanding of the processes involved in the extraction of Ni from dry biomass using a solvent and the determination of the the speciation in the solution. Then, appropriate separation operations will be implemented to isolate the Ni in an interesting form for subsequent applications.Water leaching experiments, run at 20 ° C with two contrasted HAs, demonstrated that up to 80% of Ni could be transferred from the plant tissues to the solution. Ni is accompanied by major ions and organic compounds. The analysis of these compounds and the modeling of the chemical equilibria in solution showed that more than 95% of Ni was complexed by organic ligands, carboxylic acids (Ni carriers in the plant) as well as stronger complexing agents. From these results, separation processes were selected: selective precipitation and adsorption on complexing resin. They made it possible to recover respectively 75 and more than 95% of the nickel in sulphide or carboxylic compound forms. In contrast, purification with decanoate did not isolate the Ni.Thus, this work has made it possible to better understand the extraction of Ni directly from plants, the speciation of Ni in a multicomponent solution in the presence of organic ligands, and to valorize nickel by ways previously unexplored with this type of material
Villemejeanne, Benoît. "Étude des milieux liquides ioniques et solvants eutectiques profonds pour une valorisation des métaux critiques à partir des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0010.
Full textThe growing increase of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) on Earth, associated with their high metal contents are driving academic or industrial international researchers to develop their recycling and in particular the recovery of the metal fraction they contain. The treatment of these complex materials (polymetallic, composites, etc.) is based on several successive stages including pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes that do not follow Green Chemistry principles (waste generation, worker safety). Indeed, concentrated acidic solutions or toxic reagents such as cyanides are necessary to recover pure noble metals such as gold (Au) or palladium (Pd). This PhD work aims to break with the conventional chemistry practiced for over a century in the field of extractive metallurgy with the using of new kind of solvents: ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The combination of these solvents with electrochemical techniques allows implementing an ElectroLixiviation-ElectroChemical Deposition process (EL-ECD) with waste dissolution at the anode and the simultaneous recovery of the target metal at the cathode without any solvent degradation. A screening was carried out to understand the impact of the nature of ionic solvents on precious metal oxidation properties and mass transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity). Among many electrolytes, Ethaline (ChCl:EG 1:2) and imidazolium-based ionic liquid mixtures C4C1Im (NTf2)1-xClx, present interesting properties for the aimed application. A proof of concept and an optimization of this process for Au and Pd recovery in a monometallic medium in ChCl:EG mixtures was carried out. Faradic yield and recovery rate reached are suitable for an application in small WEEE treatment units
Zhang, Xin. "Procédé hydrométallurgique pour la valorisation du nickel contenu dans les plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0172/document.
Full textSome plants, known as hyperaccumulators, are able to develop on metal containing soils and to accumulate these metals at high concentrations in shoots. Biomass incineration leads to ash containing 10 to 25 wt % nickels, greater than in some mineral ores. This work follows a research that has been carried out by the team for several years, which has resulted in a patent on the hydrometallurgical production of the double salt ammonium and nickel hexahydrate (ANSH) from the biomass of Alyssum murale. It aims at improving the synthesis method of this salt in order to upscale it at the pilot scale and explore new methods leading to new products. The manuscript begins with a bibliographic review on phytomining from hyperaccumulators to metal recycling processes, essentially focused on nickel. Then ca 15 hyperaccumulator plants (genus Alyssum, Leptoplax and Bornmuellera) collected in Greece or Albania have been compared, in the objective of phytomining. Nickel concentrations were measured in the plant organs and in the ashes after combustion. The three types of plants are of great interest for the technology, they contain 1 to 3 wt % of nickel and the ashes 15 to 20%. The hydrometallurgical process of ANSH production was investigated step by step to optimize each step to produce a salt of high purity, to decrease materials and energy consumption and to minimize effluent and waste production. The process was thus improved. Eventually, new ideas have been tested for new processes and nickel products. The obtained results and the current dynamics prove the interest of phytomining and announce its imminent development
Gras, Matthieu. "Recyclage de métaux venant d'accumulateurs NiMH : développement d'extractions liquide-liquide sélectives à partir de liquides ioniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI053/document.
Full textNickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are currently dominating the market of energy storage in hybrid electric vehicles. 1 billion cells are estimated to be produced each year. In their end-of-life, these electronical wastes exhibit low recycling rates, despite the fact that NiMH batteries contain high amounts of valuable and strategic metals. Two main metal families coexist as an intermetallic compound in negative electrodes: transition metals (TM) (Ni, Co, Mn and Fe) and rare earth elements (REE) (La, Ce, Nd and Pr). Among TM, cobalt exhibits the highest criticality rate. Indeed, natural ores will not cover the increasing cobalt demand linked to emerging technologies. REE produced at more than 97 % in China are at the centre of European Union’s preoccupations. To tackle economic and environmental issues, this project, supported by the labex CEMAM is a partnership between the company Recupyl® and the academic laboratory LEPMI. It aims at investigating on low environmental impact routes for the recycling of metals present in real spent NiMH batteries. This requires the replacement of volatile organic compounds by ionic liquids, respecting the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Based on innovative extraction and recovery processes of elements by hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry, we propose a flowsheet for the valorisation of metals from those batteries
Barbaroux, Romain. "Développement d'un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération du nickel." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL087N/document.
Full textThis research has been done in the context of the design of an original method aiming at obtaining high added value products of nickel, combining phytoextraction and valorization. Phytoextraction is conducted with the hyperaccumulating plant Alyssum murale, endemic species of serpentine soils in Albania. Serpentine soils can be considered as secondary resources: they contain high concentrations of nickel, which are not high enough for conventional mining techniques. The plant Alyssum murale can extract and concentrate nickel in its tissues. Nickel present in the biomass could be almost totally solubilized in batch reactor and with a 3 step countercurrent process. This leaching produced a solution containing nickel bound to organic molecules and other metals and organic compounds as well. Direct separation processes (e.g. selective precipitation and electrowinning) did not enable us to obtain nickel. Two methods have been investigated: (i) extraction by an organic nickel –selective solvent (Cyanex 272), extraction by an aqueous solution and electrowinning and (ii) crystallization of a double salt, nickel ammonium sulfate, from a leaching solution obtained from biomass ashes. Nickel products were characterized by different techniques. A technico-economical study showed the high commercial potential of the double salt production
Masmoudi, Abderrazak. "Recyclage du lithium issu des batteries usagées par extraction liquide-liquide dans un milieu liquide ionique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE028.
Full textA sustainable supply of lithium is essential for the development of modern electrical devices. These devices are based on lithium-ion batteries (LIB), the key element of these LIB is lithium. Recycling is a strategic axis on which the supply of lithium is based in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner. In this context, during this thesis project, our efforts were directed towards the study of lithium recycling by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used to replace toxic organic solvents. The present work has two practical and theoretical objectives: (i) the development of a new LLE system for the extraction of lithium by combining extractant and IL and (ii) the understanding of the mechanisms of lithium extraction from aqueous media (acids and bases) in an IL medium with different types of extractants (neutrals and acids). Our results showed that it is relatively difficult to design a LLE system capable of directly extracting lithium from a LIB leachate. For this reason, we proposed to extract lithium at alkaline pH, where most of the cations present in the leachate are already removed. The optimal extraction system under these conditions is that using β-diketone in LI. We have demonstrated that this extraction solvent meets most of the requirements of an ideal system for lithium extraction involving IL
Ivanaj, Silvester. "Rôle de l'électrochimie au cours de la dissolution sélective des minerais et/ou des concentrés de chalcopyrite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_IVANAJ_S.pdf.
Full textMocellin, Julien. "Ressources secondaires de métaux, valorisation par voie hydrométallurgique de résidus de sidérurgie pour la valeur en zinc, en manganèse et plomb." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0211/document.
Full textDuring the XIXth and XXth centuries, steel industry has been one of the main sources of wealth in France. However, ferromanganese manufacturing has produced huge quantities of wastes, for instance after blast-furnace gas washing. The residual sludge, containing high concentrations of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) (5 to 40 wt %), has been deposited in ponds, in the vicinity of steel-making plants. Since plant closure, these fields have been left untouched; some of them, like in Pompey (Lorraine) have been colonized by vegetation. These sites may be considered as a threat to health and environment and should be cleaned up. Nevertheless, with awareness of metal shortage, these ponds may be considered as deposits of secondary resources. This works aims at designing a hydrometallurgical process to extract Zn, Mn and Pb from these residues and recover them in a valuable form, while decontaminating the sites. At first, experiments have enabled us to determine the optimal conditions (acid concentration, duration, temperature, reactant addition, pulp density) to extract selectively Zn and Mn from the sludge and leave a Pb-rich residue. Then, Zn was recovered as ZnO or ZnS after precipitation or as Zn after electrowinning. Mn was recovered as MnCO3 at an acceptable purity. A technico-economic study has been done to assess the industrial interest of the process
Joulié, Marion. "Mécanisme de dissolution de matériaux actifs d'électrodes de type LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 d'accumulateurs Li-ion en vue de leur recyclage." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0011/document.
Full textBasic hydrometallurgical routes represent an alternative to recover valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt from spent Li-ion batteries. The first step of hydrometallurgical process, lixiviation step is optimized by studying the behaviour of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) positive electrode active material, due to its good performances which make it an adequate candidate for the electric vehicles. First of all, the study of thermodynamic aspects allows predicting the behaviour of NMC material in various acidic media. Then, the kinetic approach leads to define the mechanism occurring during the leaching step and to outline the rate-limiting step of the dissolution. The reductive effect of mineral, organic and metallic reducing agents to promote leaching of NMC material is evaluated. The approach comparatively evaluates the reducing power impact of weak (sulfuric and hydrochloric acids), strong reducing agents (citric, oxalic and formic acids and hydrogen peroxide) and copper and aluminum from Li-ion batteries current collectors. This work points out the strong interest to advantageously use current collectors inherently present in the fraction treated by hydrometallurgy
Ruiz, Onofre Patricia Nathaly. "Evaluation of pyrochemistry in molten salts for recycling Li-ion batteries." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS346.
Full textTo meet the increasing demands of lithium-ion batteries, there is an urgent need to recycle the batteries components. In particular, electrode materials containing transition metal oxides such as LiCoO2, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 are of strategic importance. Over the last three years, this field research has rocketed. In the frame of batteries recycling, there are two main methods that are used in industry nowadays: hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. The aim of our research project is to propose an alternative method to recycle organic compounds and metals of electrode materials based on molten salts as reactive medium. Molten carbonates and molten chlorides have been chosen for their great efficiency on wastes treatment. Cobalt is one of the critical raw materials in batteries and it is rare on the Earth-crust and toxic for environment. In this work, we study cobalt dissolution and recovery in molten carbonates and chlorides. Electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry) and X-Ray spectroscopy have been used for the investigations. Results show that a low and slow dissolution of cobalt is obtained in molten carbonates and in the form of Co (II). Molten chlorides have been used as a second alternative of solvent. Cobalt dissolution increase and its recovery have been achieved in this solvent when using additives
Chour, Zeinab. "Valorisation de terres rares à partir de plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0142.
Full textDue to the risk of primary resource supply of rare earths and the environmental impacts generated by mining areas, the concept of agromining seems to be a very promising solution. It allows the extraction of heavy metals from polluted soils or industrial wastelands, by an environmentally friendly method, thanks to the cultivation of hyperaccumulating plants. Once the culture is completed, hydrometallurgical processes are developed in order to extract from plants the metals having a significant economic value. The present work aims to develop hydrometallurgical processes for the extraction of rare earths from a hyperaccumulator plant called Dicranopteris dichotoma. This fern is known for its high ability to accumulate rare earths, especially light ones, in its aerial part. Different extraction and separation ways of rare earths from other elements have been studied. At first, leaching of dry biomass was implemented. The leaching yields according to the nature of extracting solutions could thus be compared. For this approach, precipitation is then performed, followed by calcination step to obtain rare earth oxides. In a second approach, the leaching of dry biomass was intensified by an ion exchange process during which, the rare earths are fixed on the resin. After percolating solutions on the resin in order to eliminate impurities, an elution step leads to obtain a concentrated solution of rare earths. Finally, a third extraction process is carried out from the ashes of D. dichotoma, after a combustion step. This approach is based on an alkaline leaching of the ash allowing the elimination of soluble impurities in this medium. The residue is then dissolved, followed by rare earths selective precipitation. These three approaches studied, are actually complementary and the combination of certain steps can be promising, especially to eliminate some impurities. The study of these processes and their combination deserves to be pursued in order to improve the extraction yields and the purity of final product. It will then develop a pilot scale and industrial process
Leclerc, Nathalie. "Recherche de protocoles de valorisation des poussières d'aciérie électrique par voie hydrométallurgique." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Leclerc.Nathalie.SMZ0105.pdf.
Full textProduction of steel in the electric arc furnace generates a dust by-product containing non-ferrous metals. Due to the presence of significant amounts of leachable compounds of zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel , EAF dust is classified as hazardous waste. The quantity of EAF dust generated per year around the world represents a possible recovery of 910 000 tons of zinc. The objective of the process studied is to extract zinc and lead from EAF dust without destroy iron oxides matrix which can be recycle to the steel industry. The major mineralogical forms present in these waste are Fe3O4, ZnO, ZnFe2O4, PbOHCl. The process consists in an hydrometallurgical treatment of waste based on selective leaching of zinc and lead. At first, a leaching is carried out with a chelating agent, the nitrilotriacetate anion N(CH2-COO)3 [exposant]3- (NTA exposant]3), used under the protonated form HNTA [exposant]2-. The treatment of different EAF dust samples during an hour at room temperature with a molar solution of reagent allows the total leaching of ZnO. Iron level does not exceed 3 % in mass. The recovery of zinc and lead is performed by precipitation of metallic sulphides with a solution. The normalized leaching procedure AFNOR X31-210 applied to the leaching residues shows that all the samples meet acceptance tresholds in specialised landfill. However, the residues contain an important amount of zinc under ZnFe2O4 form. The extraction of the element requires the destruction of the ferrite structure. For this, ZnFe2O4 is treated by FeCl3, 6 H2O. The reaction consists in a particles exchange O [exposant]-2 / Cl [exposant]- allowing the recovery of zinc under ZnCl2 form and iron as hematite Fe2O3. The separation of this both products is obtained by simple aqueous leaching. The whole zinc is extracted for a treatment at 150°C. Ultimate solid residues, which have been concentrated in iron, can be orientated towards steel industry
Omelchuk, Kateryna. "Etude physicochimique de nouveaux agents d’extraction pour la récupération du cobalt, du nickel et du manganèse en milieu chlorure par extraction liquide-liquide." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC003.
Full textCobalt and nickel are strategic metals from many applications including alloys manufacturing, electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), etc. Their recovery from spent materials is a good opportunity from economical and geopolitical viewpoints as these metals are expensive and recycling reduces considerably supply risks of cobalt and nickel, particularly in the forthcoming years during which cobalt and nickel demands will likely increase significantly with the emergence of electric vehicles. Therefore, recovery of cobalt and nickel from LiBs is strategic and development of efficient and economic processes is coming to the fore. Several research activities were carried out to recycle strategic metals from spent batteries by different methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and biohydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgical processes are however energy intensive and release gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide which are harmful to the environment. In recent past, metallurgical industry has been searching for hydrometallurgical processes due to some advantages such as possibility of treating low-grade resources, easier control of wastes and lower energy consumption. Hydrometallurgical processes are based on physical separation, leaching, purification, precipitation and in some cases electrowining. The demand for high purity metals and recent trends towards environmentally friendly technology has focused more attention onto solvent extraction because this technology is mature and permits to achieve high extraction efficiency at low operating costs. Cyanex 272 is a dialkyl phosphinic acid extractant widely used for the separation of cobalt from nickel to obtain high purity cobalt salts that can be reused to produce high-grade products for lithium-ion batteries. However, extraction occurs at pH close to 4 for cobalt and 6 for nickel and addition of alkaline solutions to adjust the pH is required. In order to decrease operating expenditure, the use of extracting agents capable to recover and separate cobalt, nickel, lithium and manganese at lower pH and in few stages is mandatory. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the chemical structure of various organophosphorus compounds synthesized at the laboratory scale on the extraction efficiency of cobalt and nickel vs. pH. In particular, the influence of branching, hydrophobicity and the presence of oxygen atoms in alkyl chains has been investigated for several organophosphorus compounds such as bis(1,3-dibutoxypropan-2-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(1,3-diisobutoxypropan-2-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(5,8,12,15-tetraoxanonadecan-10-yl) phosphoric acid and bis(undecan-6-yl) phosphoric acid
Guilpain, Mathilde. "Procédés innovants pour la valorisation du nickel directement extrait de plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0179.
Full textAgromining is a chain allowing the recovery of metals dispersed in soils or other matrices, using hyperaccumulator plants (HA). The first step is to grow these plants to achieve high yields of metals and the second to produce metal compounds of interest from the plant biomass. Agromining has mainly been developed to value nickel (Ni). Until now, biomass was burnt to concentrate the metal and remove organic matter. The challenge of this research is to design processes for Ni recovery by direct extraction from biomass, without burning the plant. It will allow a better understanding of the processes involved in the extraction of Ni from dry biomass using a solvent and the determination of the the speciation in the solution. Then, appropriate separation operations will be implemented to isolate the Ni in an interesting form for subsequent applications.Water leaching experiments, run at 20 ° C with two contrasted HAs, demonstrated that up to 80% of Ni could be transferred from the plant tissues to the solution. Ni is accompanied by major ions and organic compounds. The analysis of these compounds and the modeling of the chemical equilibria in solution showed that more than 95% of Ni was complexed by organic ligands, carboxylic acids (Ni carriers in the plant) as well as stronger complexing agents. From these results, separation processes were selected: selective precipitation and adsorption on complexing resin. They made it possible to recover respectively 75 and more than 95% of the nickel in sulphide or carboxylic compound forms. In contrast, purification with decanoate did not isolate the Ni.Thus, this work has made it possible to better understand the extraction of Ni directly from plants, the speciation of Ni in a multicomponent solution in the presence of organic ligands, and to valorize nickel by ways previously unexplored with this type of material
Ruiz, Vincent. "Récupération par voie hydrométallurgique du molybdène et du vanadium contenus dans des catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement usagés." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ024S.
Full textThis work deals with industrial waste beneficiation and was performed with the support of the Centre de Recherche sur l’Eau of Veolia Environnement (Anjou Recherche) and Euro Dieuze Industrie (SARP Industries – Veolia Propreté). The feasibility of the molybdenum and vanadium recovery was studied from spent hydrotreating catalysts. Several leaching routes were investigated. First, oxidative leaching of a sulphided spent Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst was performed using hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. H2O2 enables to leach up to 89 % of molybdenum and 83 % of cobalt from an unroasted sample without preliminary grinding. With NaClO, molybdenum recovery is selective and total but the sample must be grinded. Molybdenum and vanadium can also be recovered by oxidative roasting followed by alkaline leaching. In this case, thermal treatment effectiveness is the limiting factor. Industrial roasting of spent catalysts is usually not total. So, sodium hydroxide leaching of molybdenum can be completed by an oxidative leaching step using sodium hypochlorite. Improvement of roasting temperature and duration leads to a molybdenum recovery yield of 90 % by a single alkaline leaching step. The obtained leachates contain both valuable metals (molybdenum and vanadium) in addition of several unacceptable pollutants. After phosphorus and arsenic removal, molybdenum can be selectively precipitate as CaMoO4 at a pH value of 7. Calcium vanadate can later be recovered at a pH value of 12. So, a complete spent hydrotreating catalysts beneficiation process was proposed, from molybdenum and vanadium dissolution to calcium salt precipitation. This salt can easily be used in special steel metallurgy
Piatnicki, Slawomir. "Lixiviation de minerais aurifères et électrolyse directe des solutions diluées sur une cathode volumique poreuse percolée pulsée : application aux petits gisements d'or." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL040N.
Full textPecheur, Olivia. "Compréhension des mécanismes synergiques pour l'extraction de l'uranium des mines de phosphates." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0031/document.
Full textUranium VI is commonly extracted from phosphoric ores by a well-known process exploiting the synergistic mixture of two extractant molecules : HDEHP and TOPO. In the field of liquid-liquid extraction, synergistic combinations are common but the mechanisms at the origin of the synergy are not well understood. A multi-scale approach has been used to describe these mechanisms, combining two different descriptions : the molecular scale focuses on the ion point of view, while the supramolecular scale focuses on extractants' aggregation. These two approaches have been rationalized by molecular dynamics computations. The results allow describing the synergy through the structure of the complexes and aggregates. With the same approach, some bifunctional compounds, combining the two extracting sites in one molecule, have been studied and compared to the HDEHP/TOPO system in order to identify the origin of their increased capacities in extraction and selectivity