Journal articles: 'Hydronim'

1

Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz. "Węgra — dawny hydronim jaćwięski." Onomastica 59 (2015): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.59.17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Swoboda, Paweł. "Hydronim Szywra — efekt polsko-niemieckich kontaktów językowych." Onomastica 60 (2016): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.60.19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hacıbaba qızı Mehdiyeva, Gülbəniz. "Ancient rivers of the Albanian country by Musa Kalankatuklu's work "History of Alban"." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/37-42.

Full text

Abstract:

Most of the onomastic units mentioned in the written monuments of ancient times are valuable sources in terms of studying the past, language, lifestyle, ethnogenesis, ethnography of our people today. While these monuments are important in terms of clarifying historical realities and shedding light on obscure issues, on the other hand, their study is politically important in modern times. At a time when our hated neighbors are looking at our lands and making historical distortions, the study of onomastic units in ancient monuments – toponyms, anthroponyms, oronyms, hydronyms, etc. – can be a convincing answer to baseless fabrications. It should be noted that we come across information and explanations about each of these hydronyms in scientific and historical sources written from ancient times to the present day, and the core of each of them is of Azerbaijani-Turkish origin. The monument involved in the study names countless water bodies associated with the territory of Azerbaijan. They are also very valuable in terms of studying the lexical and semantic development of our language. We come across information and explanations about each of these hydronyms in scientific and historical sources written from ancient times to the present day. One of the hydronyms directly connected with the territory of Azerbaijan in the source is the Caspian Sea. Books and articles about the Caspian Sea give it different names and etymological-linguistic analysis of the word Caspian. Another hydronym mentioned in the source is Tartar river. The article provides extensive information about the Tartar River in terms of its geographical structure. The hydronym Tartar is given in Arabic, Russian, Georgian and ancient Turkic sources with different phonetic structure. The name of the Urdun River is mentioned several times in the source. However, it should be noted that the Urdun River flows not in the Albanian country, but in the Middle East, and most of it flows in the territory of modern Jordan. Although the explanation of some of the hydronyms included in the ancient Caucasian Albanian territory in the source is convincing, the exact explanation of many ancient hydronyms still remains controversial. One example of such controversial hydronyms is the Urdun River. The last hydronym mentioned in the article is Goycha river. Extensive geographical, historical, etymological interpretations and linguistic analysis of the hydronym are given. Key words: river, morphemes, geographical names, modern areal, hydronyms, onomastic

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Iliadi, Alexandr. "MISCELLANEA ETYMOLOGICA: TOPONYMICA." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-171-176.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper deals with the verification of several etymological versions, suggested for interpretation of hydronyms (i.e. names of water geographical objects) of ancient Slovakia. Earlier these lexical units were classified as elements of Iranian (Sarmatian and Alanian) substratum in local Slavic historical toponymy. The author compares etymological versions, existing in scientific circulation, and finds out the soft spots in their argumentation and also notes the lack of proof for different contentions. The special attention is given to problematic question of ambiguity of orthography of documented forms hydronyms, because ambiguity all too often gives grounds for several (absolutely different) interpretations of one word. Consequently, here is focused on the problem of choice of a certain variant as more «authoritative» (i. e. maximally closed to primordial, etymological form) for research. Critical assessment of proposed above etymological versions uncovers new resources for genetic interpretation of five viewed hydronyms, which can be surely defined as Celt and Germanic lexical heritage in Slovak hydronymy. Among river names the primordial Germanic hydronym is pointed out; one is extended with Middle Iranian term of geographical nomenclature, which evidences about lexical reception of Germanic toponymy stratum traces in the speech practice of Sarmatian and Alanian population and consequently about both ethnoses lingual interaction. In particular Celtic and Germanic etymologies are suggested for such Slovakian hydronyms: Hasztergan, Hor. Hastrgan, Hor. Hastrgan = *Gaster-gan < Germ. *Gaster ‘stream in ravine’, extended with Iran. *kan ‘sorce, well, spring’; Kubra, Cubra = Celt. *kubr (< adj. *kumb-ro-) ‘stream, current on valley’; Metrbos = Germ. *Mittel-bach, *Mittel Bach or *Mitlpos(sky) ‘between creeks’; Nuduna = Celt. *nau-dun ‘port for boats’, ‘fortification with marina for boats’; Gardubarto, Gardubartu, Karduberka, Chaduwocha = Celt. *kar[r]-dubur = «stone water», «stone stream» + Hung. to [tava, tavat] ‘lake’, ‘pond’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Belyaev, Andrey G., and Elena I. Shubnitsina. "On the Origin of Russian-Language Hydronyms of the Shchugor River Basin." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.005.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses the history of the hydronyms Shchugor, Patok, Glubnik, Torgovaya, Volokovka, Pyatidyrka, and Semidyrka, i.e. the names of the Shchugor River and its several tributaries of the first and second orders. Presently, these names mostly have a “Russian” phonetic appearance, however, their historical variants suggest that some of them may be a result of semantic adaptation of pre-Russian names. The authors suggest that the hydronyms Pyatidyrka and Semidyrka originated from Nenets names with a composite determinant -dyrma, expressing recurrence and place of action. In other examples, there is a parallel coexistence of several similar versions of one hydronym belonging to different languages, cf.: Russian Torgovaya, Komi-Zyryan Törgövöy-yu, Nenets Menyaylava. This can be regarded as a testimony to the past and current contacts of the Russian population with indigenous peoples — speakers of Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic languages. In some cases, the older pre-Russian form of a hydronym might be missing, i.e. replaced by a Russian-language variant without any trace of the substrate name. For example, the Komi-Zyryan hydronym Pyzhenyuts (from Komi-Zyryan pyzh ‘boat,’ literally “River on which boats can sail”) was replaced in the Old Russian period by the name Padun and, later, by the name Patok, both of the latter hydronyms being originally Russian. The article also analyzes native Russian names for which the most probable motivation can be established based on geographic data. Incidentally, the traditional interpretation of the name of the river Glubnik as “deep river” or “river with deep places” is called into question, since such an interpretation does not correspond to physical and geographical features of the river, the authors interpret the name as “River flowing from the depths of the taiga.” All linguistic observations and etymological interpretations of hydronyms presented in the article are based on the analysis of a large array of cartographic sources of the 16th–20th centuries; finally examples are given of the distortion of the spelling of the hydronyms of the Shchugorsk area of the Urals on the maps of various times.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Rovenchak, Ivan. "Geotoponymy – one of the non-main subsystems of culture geography." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 41 (September 17, 2013): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.41.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

The allocation in Geotoponymy such areas as Choronymy, Hydronymy, Oronymy, Ecumenymy and Dromonymy are substantiated. The choronyms “Rus’” and “Ukraine” from geocultural position are analyzed. Special attention is given to the most common hydronyms, oronyms and ecumenyms of Ukraine. The three subproblems from the problem of reduction in line with Ukrainian Geoculture are allocated. Key words: Geoculture, Geotoponymy, Choronymy, Hydronymy, Orohymy, Ecumenymy, problems of Ukrainian ecumenymy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gusenkov, Pavel A. "Revisiting the “West-Baltic” Type Hydronymy in Central Russia." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 2 (2021): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.019.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines the substrate hydronymy of the middle Oka and the Dnieper regions (ending in -va, -da, etc.) that is typically attributed to the West-Baltic toponymic stratum and associated with the language of the Moschinskaya archaeological culture and the related archaeological sites. The author analyzed its spatial distribution in the East European Plain. The study has found that: 1) the spread of names of waterbodies ending in -va correlates with the distribution scheme of substrate Baltic hydronymy in general and the monuments of the Dnieper-Dvina, Yukhnovskaya, and Late Dyakovo cultures of the Early Iron Age; 2) the spread of hydronyms with zh/z sound variation (including as a distinctive feature) correlates with the Krivich and Radimich culture areas, and the range of Russian dialects with lisping pronunciation which makes no difference between sibilants and hushing sounds; 3) Baltic hydronymy ending in -da is not attested in the area of the Moschinskaya culture and related archaeological sites; 4) among the names with the root ape-/upe- found in the same cultural milieu, only those containing Eastern Baltic variant are verifiable; 5) the hypothesis for East Baltic origination of the names with the root stab- is not inferior to the West Baltic; 6) there are no sufficient grounds for tracing some river names to the Prussian words pannean and sug since most of these hydronyms refer to a later period while the others have more plausible explanations; 7) for some hydronyms (Zerna, Opochinka, Ponya, Sezhikovka, etc.) the substrate origin is not confirmed. Based on the above observations, the hypothesis for the presence of a West-Baltic layer of hydronymy in the middle Oka region and the consequent assumption of the West-Baltic origin of the Moshinskaya culture were disputed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nafikov, S. "The hydronyms of the Labau, Lämäδ and similar isoglosses in the Ural-Altaic and other languages." Turkic Studies Journal 3, no. 3 (2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2021-3-55-64.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is a study of the origin of Bashkir hydronyms with anlaut L-, (Labau, Lämäz, and a number of others). Against the background of extensive comparisons of similar hydronyms and appellatives from the Turkic, Altaic, and other Eurasian languages. The author considers several versions of the said hydronyms viz possible origin from the Turkic, Altaic, Uralic or Euroasiatic languages at large. The stem and/or root of Bashkir hydronyms of the Lämäz type may be cognate with such hydronims as Laba in Poland > the Elbe in East Germany, -lej ‘a small river’ in the Volga Finnie languages and with a fair number of similar names of water objects in Europe, Asia and beyond. So, convergence with many of the same-root names of water bodies from several dozen languages and/or dialects is proposed. A large amount of material from the dialects and subdialects of the Bashkir language is involved. A conclusion is proposed about the very great antiquity of the hydronyms containing the anlaut L- in the bases of the LVC phonomorphological type. The answer to the question posed in the article’s title can hardly be definitive, as much further research is needed to clarify many points.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Aldinger, Pavel. "VARIATION OF THE DNIEPER BASIN HYDRONYMY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SMOLENSK REGION." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-100-112.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Dnieper water bodies nominations on the territory of the Smolensk region. The research is aimed at consideration of the most important onomastic problem at present – variation in the sphere of the proper names, particularly in the hydronymy. Amidst the regional onomastic development, the research in the sphere of toponymy and hydronymy is being actively carried out, toponymic dictionaries are being published. In these dictionaries the variants of the geographical objects are often only marked down. However, more focused attention to the revealing and describing the reasons and methods of their variation allows the researchers to carry out more detailed diachronic analysis of the onyms existence in the different historical periods and define the invariants formation. The most interesting field of research is the toponymy and hydronymy study of the Smolensk region – western border region of Russia. The material of the research is based on the military-topographical map of Smolensk Governorate, large scale maps and an atlas of the Smolensk region, as well as written information sources. The author has analyzed the examples of the orthographical, phonetical, morphological and lexical variants of hydronyms and has tried to reveal the linguistic and extralinguistic reasons of the water bodies nominations variation in this region. It is proved that the hydronyms variants origin is typical for small water currents; it is linked with their shallowing and the loss of their significance in the economic life of the population. The predominance of the phonetical variants is explained by the influence of the general-linguistic process, a local dialect lect, a living colloquial language. The variation on the word formation level is widely represented by diminutive forms as a result of the changes in the water currents physico-geographical parameters. Lexical variation of the hydronyms in the region depends on the nominations de-etymologisation. Moreover, in the analyzed region the author has found out a lot of variants of hydronyms with changes at different language levels. Linguistic and extralinguistic reasons of variation in hydronymy are closely linked. This fact can make it more difficult to determine the method of the new variant creation. The analyzed factual material will be practically used in the «Hydronym’s Dictionary of the Smolensk Region», which will be published soon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Alekseeva, Alina S. "The Origin of the Folklore Hydronym Apolevta." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.011.

Full text

Abstract:

In their article devoted to hydronyms in the oral and handwritten charms of the North Russian, T. A. Agapkina, E. L. Berezovich, and O. D. Surikova comment on the name of a fiery river Apolevta assuming that there may exist two copies of the text. The authors suggest that this river name might either originate from an unestablished Greek word or else, is a case of erroneous usage. The author of the present work argues the existence of one single copy of the text that was published by N. N. Vinogradov in 1910. As regards the hydronym Apolevta, the structure of the original text (particularly, the space organization) testifies to an incorrect interpretation by the scribe: in fact, the text uses a short form of the adjective with a postpositive particle -to which frequently occurs in North Russian dialects. Thus, the hydronym Apolevta is a result of an incorrect reading of the source by V. A. Ivanovsky.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Islamova, Yu V., M. G. Baksheeva, M. S. Vykhrystyuk, and I. S. Karabulatova. "Semantics and etymology of substrate hydronyms of the Lower Konda." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-662-671.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: hydronyms due to their specificity have a high linguistic and cultural significance. They reflect different aspects of human society. Semantic and etymological analysis is a necessary stage in the development of regional toponymy and an effective way to obtain diverse information leading to an understanding of the cultural code of the nation. Objective: semantic and etymological description of the substrate hydronyms of the Lower Konda. Research materials: names of water geographical objects identified in written sources, geographical maps. Results and novelty of the research: as a result of the study, it was found that the substrate hydronymy of the Lower Konda includes russified names of Khanty and Mansi origin with the absolute predominance of the Khanty names. The polylinguality of toponymy is determined by the ethnic composition of the population of the Lower Konda. The semantics of hydronyms reflected the worldview of the indigenous ethnic groups. The principles of nomination of the onyms are typical: according the properties of geographical object, related objects, and connections with people. They reflect a universal feature of human thinking to identify the typical and the unique in an object, to perceive the totality of names as a system, to see their connections and relationships. The specifics are the semantic content of onyms, the presence of hybrid lexemes, and names with double motivation. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that for the first time the hydronymy of the Lower Konda is subjected by complex semantic and etymological analysis, and its specific features are revealed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lühr, Rosemarie. "Spatial cognition in landscape designations in the area of the Old European Hydronymy." Lexicographica 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2021-0005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Subject of the investigation are settlement names that refer to waters. These oikonyms are often the oldest. The research area is that of the Ancient European Hydronymy. The Old European hydronyms occur in Central Europe, in the Baltic region, in Southern Scandinavia, in the British Isles, in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Italy. The research question is, if the expression of spatial relationships in oikonyms with water words is a universal? It turns out to be also other naming strategies. The theoretical framework is Levinson’s (2008) description of spatial cognition. The connection of spatial cognition with landscape terms is new in toponomastics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Panfil, Rafał. ", Does “Truska” mean the same as “Druska”? Once again on the Trusotoponym in the light of the preserved relics of the Old Prussian language." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 292, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-135015.

Full text

Abstract:

The toponym “Truso” is the oldest known place name from the area of the ancient tribal Prussians preserved in historical sources. In recent decades, several theories have been proposed trying to explain the origin of this name. One of these hypotheses sought to explain the origin of this toponym from the Lithuanian definition of salt – “druska” or its alleged counterpart in Old Prussian – “* truska”. However, the authors of this theory have not taken into account many of the factors which are discussed in this paper. The extinct Old Prussian language differs significantly from modern Lithuanian in terms of phonetics, grammar and basic vocabulary, as shown in this paper through the analysis of the vocabulary contained in the most important source on the Old Prussian language - the Elbląg Dictionary. Therefore, any transfer of words from Lithuanian to Old Prussian with the aim of “reconstructing” a word should be considered unacceptable. This is confirmed by the opinions of linguists concerned with linguistic reconstructions. The thesis that the equivalent of the Lithuanian term druska – salt was the Old Prussian word “*truska” is essentially incorrect. From the 16th century historical source (the so-called Dictionary of Grunau) we know that the Prussians used the word Sali (*sólis) for salt. This is also confirmed by another word from the 13th century Elbląg Dictionary (OP – E 376 Saltan) *saltań or “salted meat”. The etymological formula for the salt word in Old Prussian is therefore (IE) *sal- (1), (BALT-SL) *sālis – sól, (PBALT) *sālis – salt, (OP) *sólis (Sali) – salt. The word druska in Lithuanian literally means “crumb, scrap” (as in the related Latvian language) and was adopted into Lithuanian probably only in the Middle Ages - before the Lithuanians also used the word *sólis for salt. In this respect, the thesis claiming that the toponym of Truso originated from the neverpresent Old Prussian term for salt – * truska, is not supportable. This name cannot, in any case, be translated as Solec or “salt port”. The toponymTruso derives from a much older hydronim*Drusō or the Old Prussian name of the present lake Druzno near Elbląg.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Van Brussel, Erin M., William L. Gossman, Scott R. Wilson, and Eric Oldfield. "Hydronium (cycloheptylammonio)methylene-1,1-bisphosphonate (hydronium incadronate)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 59, no. 2 (January 31, 2003): o93—o94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270102020450.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

CORREA RODRÍGUEZ, JOSÉ ANTONIO. "El hidrónimo Tader (Río Segura)." HABIS, no. 50 (2019): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habis.2019.i50.14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bugakova, Nadezhda B. "Water as a linguocultural constant of A. Platonov’s creativity: an onomastic aspect (based on the story “The Sluices of Epifany”)." Neophilology, no. 28 (2021): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-28-611-617.

Full text

Abstract:

We analyze the features of onomastic units functioning, which are cultural-onomastic constants, in the A. Platonov’s story “The Sluices of Epifany”. We substantiate the special attention that is drawn to the specificity of the introduction by the author of onomastic units of different categories. We show that a proper name is a special artistic element that does not exist indepen-dently in the text and is always interconnected with other elements of the text, since it is necessary for the author to create an artistic image. An interaction analysis of all these systems makes it possible to more accurately understand the author’s intention and the purpose of introducing one or another onomastic unit into the text. We reveal the features of onymic vocabulary functioning as an identifier of the chronotope in A. Platonov’s story “The Sluices of Epifany”. It is obvious that the introduction by the author of specific onomastic units into a work is always not accidental, such a choice is always caused directly by the author’s associations related to a particular name. The analysis of the author’s use of hydronyms as onomastic units as chronotope markers in the story “The Sluices of Epifany” gives the following results: by the means of hydronyms denoting the names of rivers and seas, A. Platonov verbalizes the scale of the described space, emphasizes its limitlessness; introducing the hydronym Ivan-lake into the text, the author verbalizes the chronotope of abyss. We conclude that space as a category in A. Platonov’s picture of the world occupies an important place.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Vasilyev, Valery L. "Etymological Notes about Balto-Slavic Hydronymy of the Historical Lands of Novgorod and Pskov (Vselug, Dolostso)." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 1 (2021): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.1.004.

Full text

Abstract:

The author focuses on hydronyms of the Balto-Slavic type, or the names of water bodies that include lexical and structural components prominent in both Baltic and Slavic languages. The article presents two onomastic sketches containing a historical and etymological analysis of some lake names in the historical lands of Novgorod and Pskov republics. The first study gives an etymological interpretation of the name Vselug that refers to a large lake in the headwaters of the Volga to the west of Seliger. It is substantiated that the hydronym is a baltism with a compound base *Vis(i)-lank-, lit. ‘with all bends’ (characteristic of a lake with meandering shoreline) that naturally transformed into *Vьselukъ on the Slavic linguistic soil. The second sketch focuses on the lake names on Dolos-/Dolys-. Like Vselug, they do not have full structural matches in the appellative vocabulary, but unlike the isolated Vselug, they make up a large, distinctively compact and dense group. The paper provides exhaustive geographical, historical, and microsystem-toponymic information about the names constituting this group of hydronyms. Etymologically, the author assumes the development of the Dolos-/Dolys- stem from the Baltic *Dаlbs-, a deverbative formed with the suffix -s that resulted in Lithuanian del̃bti in the meaning of ‘cut obliquely, hewn, beat, strike’ and in proto-Slavic *delbti ‘gouge, pick.’ The base is interpreted as a dialectal neologism of the ancient Balts living in the sources of the Volga, the upper reaches of the Msta, Western Dvina, and Velikaya rivers. This archaic structure dates back to the early centuries AD or even earlier, the 1st millennium BC. Its very existence attests to a centuries-long presence of the Baltic linguo-ethnic element in the southwestern part of the historical lands of Novgorod and Pskov.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ng, S. W. "Hydronium 2-Carboxybenzenesulfonate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, no. 5 (May 15, 1997): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270196015326.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Zelovich, Tamar, and Mark E. Tuckerman. "OH− and H3O+ Diffusion in Model AEMs and PEMs at Low Hydration: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics." Membranes 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050355.

Full text

Abstract:

Fuel cell-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are considered to have great potential as cost-effective, clean energy conversion devices. However, a fundamental atomistic understanding of the hydroxide and hydronium diffusion mechanisms in the AEM and PEM environment is an ongoing challenge. In this work, we aim to identify the fundamental atomistic steps governing hydroxide and hydronium transport phenomena. The motivation of this work lies in the fact that elucidating the key design differences between the hydroxide and hydronium diffusion mechanisms will play an important role in the discovery and determination of key design principles for the synthesis of new membrane materials with high ion conductivity for use in emerging fuel cell technologies. To this end, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are presented to explore hydroxide and hydronium ion solvation complexes and diffusion mechanisms in the model AEM and PEM systems at low hydration in confined environments. We find that hydroxide diffusion in AEMs is mostly vehicular, while hydronium diffusion in model PEMs is structural. Furthermore, we find that the region between each pair of cations in AEMs creates a bottleneck for hydroxide diffusion, leading to a suppression of diffusivity, while the anions in PEMs become active participants in the hydronium diffusion, suggesting that the presence of the anions in model PEMs could potentially promote hydronium diffusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zhang, Guoling, Guogang Yang, Shian Li, Qiuwan Shen, Hao Wang, Zheng Li, Yang Zhou, and Weiqiang Ye. "Effects of Hydration and Temperature on the Microstructure and Transport Properties of Nafion Polyelectrolyte Membrane: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Membranes 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090695.

Full text

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of temperature and hydration on the microstructure of polymer electrolyte membrane and the transport of water molecules and hydronium ions, molecular dynamics simulations are performed on Nafion 117 for a series of water contents at different temperatures. The interactions among the sulfonate groups, hydronium ions, and water molecules are studied according to the analysis of radial distribution functions and coordination numbers. The sizes and connectivity of water clusters are also discussed, and it is found that the hydration level plays a key role in the phase separation of the membrane. However, the effect of the temperature is slight. When the water content increases from 3.5 to 16, the size of water clusters in the membrane increases, and the clusters connect to each other to form continuous channels for diffusion of water molecules and hydronium ions. The diffusion coefficients are estimated by studying the mean square displacements. The results show that the diffusion of water molecules and hydronium ions are both enhanced by the increase of the temperature and hydration level. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of water molecules is always much larger than that of hydronium ions. However, the ratio of the diffusion coefficient of water molecules to that of hydronium ions decreases with the increase of water content.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bădilescu, Simona, and Camille Sandorfy. "Spectroscopic evidence for surface hydronium (H3O+) ions on hydrated single crystals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-156.

Full text

Abstract:

Evidence has been obtained by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for the existence of hydronium ions on the surfaces of hydrated single crystals. The band near 1740 cm−1 due to the ν4 (e) bending vibration of the hydronium ion has been identified on silicon, germanium, thallium bromide iodide (KRS-5), and zinc selenide single crystals. The protonating capability of these hydronium ions was demonstrated with pyridine derivatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bichlmeier, Harald. "On the Etymology of the River-name Ruhr and Some of its Central-European Cognates: Celtic or not Celtic – That is the Question." Journal of Celtic Linguistics 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/jcl.22.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditionally, the river-nameRuhr and its siblings are said to be derived from the root PIE *reuH - 'tear up, dig up' (outdated form of reconstruction: *reu-, *reu-, *ru - [IEW 868]) and they are regarded as part of the so-called 'Old European hydronymy'. Reviewing the literature on the river-namesRuhr, Rur, Rulles, and the place-name Ruhla, we find that two different pre-forms tend to be reconstructed, *rūr° and * rur°. It can be shown that by applying a sound-law generally accepted in Indo-European linguistics (Dybo's Law), the pre-form must be reconstructed as * rur°, even if we start from the root mentioned above (PIE *ruH-ró- > Late (Western-)PIE * ruró-). But as the semantics of that root appears to be not very satisfactory, further roots are tried as starting-points for etymologizing the names in question. The following roots are possible from a structural/phonological point of view: a) PIE *h3reuH- 'shout, roar': PIE *h3ruH-ró- > late PIE *(h3)ruró -; b) PIE *h2 reu - 'shine, sparkle (reddishly)': PIE * h2 ru- ró- > late PIE *( h2 )ruró -; c) PIE *h3 reu - 'move quickly, dash forward': PIE * h3 ru- ró- > late PIE *(h3)ruró -. Two language groups are attested in the areas, where the rivers are situated: Germanic and Celtic. But out of the three roots just mentioned none is continued in Germanic and only PIE *h2 reu- 'shine, sparkle (reddishly)' and PIE *h3 reu- 'move quickly, dash forward' are continued in Celtic. A formation from another root, PIE * preu- 'jump' (* pru-ró- > PCelt. * []ruró-) would give the correct result in Celtic, but the root does not have descendants in any Celtic language. Thus we arrive at the result that the river names, which are all on potentially Celtic territory, are most probably Celtic. The names meant either 'the quick(ly flowing) one' or 'the gleaming one' – both solutions are semantically typical for the oldest layers of hydronyms. No decision between these two results is possible. But as we can offer an etymology now anchored in a single Indo-European language (group), there is no reason anymore to regard these names as 'voreinzelsprachlich' and thus part of the 'Old European hydronymy'. It remains to be researched, whether all the hydronyms traditionally derived from the root PIE *reuH - 'tear up, dig up' (outdated form of reconstruction: *reu-, *reu-, *ru-) are really necessarily to be connected with this root, now that three other roots (PIE *h3reuH- 'shout, roar', PIE * h2reu- 'shine, sparkle (reddishly)', PIE *h3 reu - 'move quickly, dash forward') offer phonologically and semantically possible starting-points for etymologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bramsen, Fabienne, Andrew D. Bond, and Christine J. McKenzie. "Hydronium pentaaquacopper(II) triperchlorate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 59, no. 7 (June 30, 2003): i105—i106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536803014272.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

CHAUDHARI, AJAY, and SHYI-LONG LEE. "MICROHYDRATION OF HYDRONIUM ION AND ZÜNDEL ION: A MANY-BODY ANALYSIS APPROACH." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 09, supp01 (January 2010): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633610005475.

Full text

Abstract:

Studying the solvation of an extra proton is important for understanding the proton transfer mechanism in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. We study the interaction of hydronium ion and Zündel ion with water molecules in their first solvation shell using density functional method. A many-body analysis approach has been used to know the contribution of many-body energies to the binding energy of the hydronium ion–(water)3 and Zündel ion–(water)4 hydrogen bonded complex. It was observed that not only two-body energies but three-body and four-body energies also contribute significantly to the binding energy of the hydronium ion–(water)3 and Zündel ion–(water)4 complexes. The binding energy for the former is -32.14 kcal/mol whereas that for the latter is -48.48 kcal/mol. The percentage contributions of the many-body energies to the binding energies for these complexes are reported. The contribution from the relaxation energy to the binding energy of hydronium ion–(water)3 and Zündel ion–(water)4 complexes is 6% and 4.58%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Hernández-Lazcano, Elías, E. Cerecedo-Sáenz, J. Hernández-Ávila, Norman Toro, T. V. K. Karthik, D. Mendoza-Anaya, M. E. Fernández-García, V. Rodríguez-Lugo, and E. Salinas-Rodríguez. "Synthesis of Hydronium-Potassium Jarosites: The Effect of pH and Aging Time on Their Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010080.

Full text

Abstract:

Structural and morphological properties of hydronium-potassium jarosite microstructures were investigated in this work, and their electrical properties were evaluated. All the microstructures were synthesized at a very low temperature of 70 °C with a reduced reaction time of 3 h. An increase in the pH from 0.8 to 2.1 decreased the particle sizes from 3 µm to 200 nm and an increase in the aging time from zero, three, and seven days resulted in semispherical, spherical, and euhedral jarosite structures, respectively. The Rietveld analysis also confirmed that the amount of hydronium substitution by potassium in the cationic site increased with an increase in pH. The percentages of hydronium jarosite (JH)/potassium jarosite (JK) for pH values of 0.8, 1.1, and 2.1 were 77.72/22.29%, 82.44/17.56%, and 89.98/10.02%, respectively. Microstructures obtained in this work were tested as alternative anode materials and the voltage measured using these electrodes made with hydronium-potassium jarosite microstructures and graphite ranged from 0.89 to 1.36 V. The results obtained in this work show that with reduced particle size and euhedral morphology obtained, modified jarosite microstructures can be used as anode materials for improving the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hodges, Matthew P., and Anthony J. Stone. "Modeling small hydronium–water clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 110, no. 14 (April 8, 1999): 6766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478580.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Feustel, Helmut E., and Corina Stetiu. "Hydronic radiant cooling — preliminary assessment." Energy and Buildings 22, no. 3 (August 1995): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(95)00922-k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rickman, James D. "Selected segment hydronic heating system." Energy Conversion and Management 25, no. 1 (January 1985): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(85)90073-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Fornili, S. L., M. Migliore, and M. A. Palazzo. "Hydration of the hydronium ion." Chemical Physics Letters 125, no. 4 (April 1986): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(86)85183-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Chen, Liguo, and Bjørn Reidar Sørensen. "Modelling Multi-layer Hydronic Radiators." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212007.

Full text

Abstract:

This report simulates Purmo type C22 and C33 radiators with both standard calculation and heat transfer method with help of Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results are presented to describe the radiators’ thermal performances with different simulation strategies. The deviations between two different calculation methods are identified and the heat transfer radiator model can be improved with more investigations regarding thermal dynamics and controlling strategy. Under simulation scenarios of simple room model with a PID controller, type C33 has shorter response time and faster stabilization of room temperature; and it has lower outflow temperature, which implies higher energy efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kulikov, Vladislav, and Gerd Meyer. "Dihydronium tetrachromate(VI), (H3O)2Cr4O13." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 2 (January 23, 2013): i13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813001608.

Full text

Abstract:

The crystal structure of (H3O)2Cr4O13is isotypic with K2Cr4O13. The finite tetrachromate anion in the title structure consists of four vertex-sharing CrO4tetrahedra and exhibits a typical zigzag arrangement. The crystal packing is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between these anions and hydronium cations. The two different hydronium cations are surrounded by nine O atoms of tetrachromate anions, with O...O distances ranging between 2.866 (8) and 3.282 (7) Å.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

STRANDBERG, Svante. "Nordic Hydronymy." Onoma 37 (January 1, 2002): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ono.37.0.519188.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

STRANDBERG, Svante. "Nordic Hydronymy." Onoma 37, no. 1 (April 14, 2005): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ono.37.1.519188.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Queiroz, André Brito, and Jocielle Santos de Miranda. "Hydropic Gallbladder." New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 20 (May 19, 2011): e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm1000943.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yadav, Vikas, Dipika Deka, Aparna Sharma, and Vatsla Dadhwal. "Comparing difference in mean total protein, albumin and globulin based on severity of rhesus isoimmunization: a prospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202754.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Maternal RBC alloimmunization results from exposure and response to a foreign RBC antigen. Transplacental fetal to maternal hemorrhage is the most common cause of alloimmunization. Rh incompatibility can lead to either fetuses with hydropic features or non-hydropic. The precise mechanism leading to the development of hydrops is uncertain. Biochemical markers have the potential to be used to assess the severity of problem. But of the mechanisms proposed none have been able to totally explain the phenomenon or predict the prognosis. Objective of this study wads to compare the difference in mean total protein, albumin and globulin bases on severity of isoimmunization and comparing it with normal controls.Methods: A Total of 40 pregnant patients were enrolled which included 10 hydropic fetuses of Rh isoimmunised mothers, 10 non hydropic fetuses of Rh isoimmunized mothers. Control group included 18 Rh positive women without any fetal complication and 2 fetuses in women undergoing cordocentesis. Blood sampling was done at time of intrauterine transfusion and sent for estimation of total proteins, albumin, globulin in fetal blood. Pregnancies were followed up till delivery and fetal outcome noted.Results: Mean total protein, albumin and globulin between hydropic, non hydropic group and control group (3.25, 2.17 and 1.18 g/dl) in hydropic, (4.14, 2.70 and 1.44 g/dl) in non hydropic and (4.42, 2.95 and 1.47 g/dl) in control group respectively. Mean total protein, albumin and globulin between mild hydropic (3.43, 2.30 and 2.10 g/dl) and severe hydropic group (2.59, 1.6 and 1.3 g/dl) respectively.Conclusions: There was significantly lower levels of serum total proteins, albumin and globulin in hydropic fetuses as compared to non hydropic fetuses. Thus, hypoproteinemia can be considered a strong marker for development of hydrops in Rh isoimmunized fetuses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Chan, Jefferson, Ariel Tang, and Andrew J. Bennet. "Transition-state structure for the hydronium-ion-promoted hydrolysis of α-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 4 (April 2015): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0451.

Full text

Abstract:

The transition state for the hydronium-ion-promoted hydrolysis of α-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride in water has been characterized by combining multiple kinetic isotope effect measurements with theoretical modelling. The measured kinetic isotope effects for the C1-deuterium, C2-deuterium, C5-deuterium, anomeric carbon-13, and ring oxygen-18 are 1.219 ± 0.021, 1.099 ± 0.024, 0.976 ± 0.014, 1.014 ± 0.005, and 0.991 ± 0.013, respectively. The transition state for the hydronium ion reaction is late with respect to both C–F bond cleavage and proton transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ondřej, Zlevor, and Dostál Jiří. "Demand-oriented Hydronic Heating System and the Active One-pipe System Design Tool." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101091.

Full text

Abstract:

This article is focused on hydronic heating systems that use pumps as the control actuators instead of valves. Those systems are called “demand-oriented”, while the systems being controlled by valves are called “supply-oriented”. Reader gets an overview of various versions of both demand- and supply-oriented systems using both one- and two-pipe topologies, supported by a brief historical outline, current state of the art and basic advantages and disadvantages of the introduced hydronic systems. The special interest is given to the one-pipe demand-oriented systems, which offer several benefits in comparison with nowadays widespread systems (mainly supply-oriented two-pipe), however, the computation complexity of design of such systems inhibits their more frequent utilization. This paper also introduces a computation and optimization tool to help with the design of one-pipe demand oriented hydronic heating systems, which eases the designer to size the AHU (Air Handling Units) and to set the mass flows of fluid in the system branches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Шарухо, Игорь. "Гидронимы как источник изучения хоролого-хронологических аспектов овладения этнокультурным ландшафтом: на примере могилевской области Беларуси." Doctrina. Studia społeczno-polityczne, no. 17 (March 15, 2021): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/doc.2020.17.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Toponyms are an essential element of national identity. Each country has its own toponymic field. The most stable element of any toponymic field is hydronyms. The article analyzes 700 main hydronyms of the Mogilev region of Belarus by 8 language groups. The analysis of Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic and other hydronyms is given. Hydronyms are considered as a source of study of the spatial and temporal aspects of mastering the ethnocultural landscape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kaczyńska, Elwira. "Kreteńskie hydronimy pochodne od nazw terenowych." LingVaria 13, no. 26 (November 16, 2018): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2018.26.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Cretan Hydronyms Derived from Field NamesIn the article, the author discusses as many as 515 Cretan river names derived from proper names of various geographical objects. This group of hydronyms represents 11% of all of modern hydronyms of the island (4666 names). Most of them (501) were attested only in the 20th century. From the formal point of view, we can distinguish in the analysed semantic database: simple and composed hydronyms (respectively, 370; 71.8%, and 121; 23.5%), and elliptic river names (24; 4.7%). Numerous hydronyms have been copied from the names of Cretan gorges (110; 21.3%), slopes (51; 10%), hills and mountains (40; 7.8%), valleys and mountain valleys (32; 6.2%), caves (9), plains (8), and headlands (6).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Miller, Josef M., Tian-Ying Ren, David Golding-Wood, Esa Laurikainen, and Alfred L. Nuttall. "Hydrops-Induced Changes in Cochlear Blood Flow." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 6 (June 1995): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949510400611.

Full text

Abstract:

Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cochlear blood flow (CBF) in the hydropic ear in four experiments. 1) The increase in CBF elicited by local electrical stimulation of the cochlea in the hydropic ear was compared to that observed in normal controls. The magnitude of the evoked CBF change was reduced by approximately 30% in the hydropic ear compared to the normal ear. 2) The reduction in CBF evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion was reduced by approximately one third in the hydropic ear compared to a normal ear. 3) Rhythmic (flux motion or vasomotion) variations in CBF, observed in association with lower blood pressure and thought to extend the autoregulatory range in an organ system, were reduced or eliminated in the hydropic ear. 4) The autoregulatory response to a decreased perfusion pressure, produced by decreased cardiac output, was clearly reduced relative to control in the hydropic ear. These findings represent the first report of significant CBF changes with hydrops. They are consistent with reports of increased sensitivity of the hydropic ear to trauma and stress and may be relevant considerations in the treatment of hydrops in humans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Solarz, Marcin, and Rafał Kroczak. "Hydronimy Pasma Brzanki na Pogórzu Ciężkowickim." Onomastica 60 (2016): 333–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.60.23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Bílková, Kristýna. "Výzkum českých hydronym v historické perspektivě." Onomastica 61, no. 1 (2017): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.61.1.17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ishida, N., and M. Kimata. "Hydronium ion in Al-bearing fluorapophyllite." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 63, a1 (August 22, 2007): s272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307093804.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wallace, Sonjae, Lulu Huang, Chérif F. Matta, Lou Massa, and Ivan Bernal. "New structures of hydronium cation clusters." Comptes Rendus Chimie 15, no. 8 (August 2012): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2012.04.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zeghib, I., and A. Chaker. "Efficiency of a Solar Hydronic Space Heating System under the Algerian Climate." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 6 (December 18, 2016): 1274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.875.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydronic heating systems supplied by renewable energy sources are one of the main solutions for substituting fossil fuel and natural gas consumption. This paper presents the development of modeling and analysis of a solar hydronic heating system in an existing single-family house built in 1990’s heated by low-temperature radiators. The simulation has been used to study the potential of using this system under climatic conditions in Algeria. And for this purpose, a component based on the simulation model for the thermal behavior of each component of the system are carried out in order to evaluate the economic performance for this system. The system is compared, with a conventional high-temperature boiler system. The results indicated that single-family houses could be heated with solar hydronic heating and provided an acceptable level of thermal comfort in the room with 22°C, according to the results of the analysis, the solar energy covers only 20.8% of the total energy consumption in a single-family house. Furthermore, the thermal performance of the heating conventional system can be largely improved up to 15%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Daniels, Joseph, and Ernest Heymsfield. "Development of Anti-Icing Airfield Heated Pavement System using Solar Energy." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119852067.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the development and assesses the viability of an anti-icing airfield heated pavement system using solar energy. Field experimentation investigates two systems: (i) an electrical heated pavement system with a photovoltaic energy system as its power source, and (ii) a hydronic heated pavement system with a solar water-heating system as its heating source. The systems operate under an automated thermostat heating sequence for operation optimization and energy conservation. Study results found the solar systems capable of supplying enough energy to maintain the pavement surface above freezing temperatures and keep it free of snow. A finite element model (FEM) was developed for the electrical system to assess the energy required to heat an airfield apron area. A benefit–cost analysis (BCA) expanded the hydronic system analysis to assess the viability for implementing a solar-hydronic heated pavement system at an apron area. The viability of an anti-icing airfield heated pavement system using solar energy was evaluated using a FEM analysis and BCA at an existing airport, the Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Md Saad, Siti Khatijah, Nabilah Alias, Muhamad Adam Ramli, Nur Adliha Abdullah, Nurul Ain Abd Malek, Mohd Mustaqim Rosli, and Akrajas Ali Umar. "A two-dimensional crystal growth in anatase titania nanostructures driven by trigonal hydronium ions." RSC Advances 10, no. 29 (2020): 16886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01437k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Deplazes, Evelyne, David Poger, Bruce Cornell, and Charles G. Cranfield. "The effect of hydronium ions on the structure of phospholipid membranes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 1 (2018): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06776c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Brunello, Giuseppe F., Ji Hye Lee, Seung Geol Lee, Ji Il Choi, David Harvey, and Seung Soon Jang. "Interactions of Pt nanoparticles with molecular components in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: multi-scale modeling approach." RSC Advances 6, no. 74 (2016): 69670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09274h.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Chiang, Yvonne, A. Jerry Kresge, Oleg Sadovski, Xiaofeng Zeng, and Yu Zhu. "Kinetics and mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the diazo functional groups of 1-diazo-2-indanone and 2-diazo-1-indanone in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-115.

Full text

Abstract:

Rates of hydrolysis of 1-diazo-2-indanone and 2-diazo-1-indanone were measured in dilute aqueous perchloric acid solutions using both H2O and D2O as the solvent, and rates of hydrolysis of the latter substrate were measured in dilute aqueous (H2O only) formic acid buffer solutions as well. The data for 1-diazo-2-indanone gave the hydronium ion catalytic coefficient kH+ = 5.7 × 103 (mol/L)1 s1 and the isotope effect kH+/kD+ = 2.9. The normal direction (kH/kD > 1) of this isotope effect was taken as evidence for a reaction mechanism involving rate-determining hydron transfer from the hydronium ion to the substrate's diazo carbon atom; followed by rapid displacement of diazo nitrogen by a water molecule, giving the observed 1-hydroxy-2-indanone product. The data for 2-diazo-1-indanone, on the other hand, gave a hydronium ion catalytic coefficient two orders of magnitude greater than the value for 1-diazo-2-indanone (kH+ = 5.9 × 101 (mol/L)1 s1), and an isotope effect near unity (kH+/kD+ = 1.2). It is argued that this isotope effect represents a situation in which diazo carbon hydronation and displacement of diazo nitrogen are each partly rate determining, a conclusion supported by incipient saturation of buffer catalysis in the formic acid buffer solutions. The 100-fold difference in hydronium ion catalytic coefficients for the two substrates is rationalized in terms of differing electron densities on the diazo carbon atoms.Key words: diazo compound hydrolysis, solution kinetics, acid catalysis, solvent isotope effects, buffer catalysis saturation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Hydronim'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles