Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrophobic ion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrophobic ion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Aryal, Prafulla, Mark S. P. Sansom, and Stephen J. Tucker. "Hydrophobic Gating in Ion Channels." Journal of Molecular Biology 427, no. 1 (January 2015): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2014.07.030.

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Loginova, Dar’ya V., Alexander S. Lileev, Andrey K. Lyashchenko, and Valery S. Kharkin. "Hydrophobic hydration of the propionate ion." Mendeleev Communications 13, no. 2 (January 2003): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc2003v013n02abeh001684.

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López-León, Teresa, Juan Luis Ortega-Vinuesa, and Delfina Bastos-González. "Ion-Specific Aggregation of Hydrophobic Particles." ChemPhysChem 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2012): 2382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200120.

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Cui, Xin, Jing Liu, Lei Xie, Jun Huang, and Hongbo Zeng. "Interfacial ion specificity modulates hydrophobic interaction." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 578 (October 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.091.

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Chui, Jonathan K. W., and T. M. Fyles. "Cyclodextrin ion channels." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 22 (2014): 3622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00480a.

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Ristroph, Kurt D., and Robert K. Prud'homme. "Hydrophobic ion pairing: encapsulating small molecules, peptides, and proteins into nanocarriers." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 11 (2019): 4207–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00308h.

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Hydrophobic ion pairing has emerged as a method to modulate the solubility of charged hydrophilic molecules ranging in class from small molecules to large enzymes. Here we review the application of hydrophobic ion pairing for encapsulating charged hydrophilic molecules into nanocarriers.
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Song, Chen, and Ben Corry. "Intrinsic Ion Selectivity of Narrow Hydrophobic Pores." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 113, no. 21 (May 28, 2009): 7642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp810102u.

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Maha, Abu Hajleh, and Al-Dujaili Emad A.S. "HYDROPHOBIC ION-PAIRED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 01 (January 28, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.01.12071.

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Hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) complexation technique has been displayed to modify the physicochemical properties, solubility, oral absorption, bioavailability, and the lipophilicity of an ionic drug in the lipid phase. This could affect a higher permeation through biological membranes. HIP complexation was considered through the formation of a neutral molecule by electrostatic interaction of ionizable groups of drugs with oppositely charged functional groups of a complex-forming agent. Subsequently, this ion-pair may encapsulate into many delivery systems. The objective of this manuscript was to study the effectiveness of ion-pair complextion and cover the update application of this strategy through several routes of administration such as ocular, oral, pulmonary, transdermal, and parenteral.
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Liu, Yanni, Zhi Wang, Mengqi Shi, Nan Li, Song Zhao, and Jixiao Wang. "Carbonic anhydrase inspired poly(N-vinylimidazole)/zeolite Zn-β hybrid membranes for CO2 capture." Chemical Communications 54, no. 52 (2018): 7239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03656j.

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Inoue, Youichi, Yasuhiro Yoshimura, Yukiko Ikeda, and Akiomi Kohno. "Ultra-hydrophobic fluorine polymer by Ar-ion bombardment." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 19, no. 3 (December 2000): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(00)00163-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Hohenschutz, Max. "Nano-ions in interaction with non-ionic surfactant self-assemblies." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS064.

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Les ions de taille nanométrique (nano-ions), tels que les clusters ioniques de bore, les polyoxométalates (POM) et les grands ions organiques, ont suscité un intérêt remarquable ces dernières années en raison de leur capacité à s’adsorber ou se lier à des systèmes chimiques électriquement neutres, tels que les molécules hôtes macrocycliques, les nanoparticules, les tensioactifs et les polymères, etc. Il a été démontré que ces processus d'adsorption ou de liaison sont induits par un phénomène médié par solvant, l'effet chaotropique, qui pousse le nano-ion de la masse d'eau vers une interface. Ainsi, l'eau d'hydratation de l'ion et de l'interface est libérée dans la masse d'eau, ce qui entraîne une restitution de la structure intrinsèque de l'eau. Cet effet est particulièrement fort pour les nano-ions. Ils sont par conséquent appelés ions superchaotropiques ou hydrophobes dans le prolongement des ions classiques (faiblement) chaotropiques tels que le SCN-. Tous les superchaotropes couramment étudiés, bien que chimiquement divers, partagent des caractéristiques physiques telles qu'une faible densité de charge et une grande polarisabilité. Les effets des nano-ions sur les auto-assemblages de tensioactifs non ioniques éthoxylés, les phases micellaires et bicouches, sont ici élucidés pour tirer des conclusions sur leur nature chaotropique et/ou hydrophobe. En combinant la diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons X (SANS et SAXS), et les diagrammes de phase, les systèmes tensioactifs non ioniques/nano-ion sont examinés et comparés, du nanomètre à l'échelle macroscopique. Ainsi, il est montré que tous les nano-ions étudiés induisent un chargement électrique des assemblages de tensioactifs ainsi qu'une déshydratation des têtes de tensioactif non-ionique. En outre, les ions chaotropiques ou hydrophobes diffèrent dans leurs effets sur la forme micellaire. Les ions chaotropiques entraînent les micelles allongées de tensioactif non-ionique vers les micelles sphériques (augmentation de la courbure), tandis que les ions hydrophobes provoquent une transition vers les phases bicouches (diminution de la courbure). Il est conclu que les nano-ions superchaotropiques agissent comme des tensioactifs ioniques car leur ajout à des systèmes de tensioactifs non ioniques provoque un effet de charge. Cependant, les nano-ions et les tensioactifs ioniques sont fondamentalement différents par leur association avec l'ensemble des tensioactifs non ioniques. Le nano-ion s'adsorbe sur les têtes des tensioactifs non ioniques par effet chaotropique, tandis que le tensioactif ionique s'ancre dans les micelles entre les queues des tensioactifs non ioniques par effet hydrophobe. La comparaison des effets de l'ajout de nano-ions ou de tensioactifs ioniques à des tensioactifs non ioniques a été approfondie sur les mousses. Les mousses ont été étudiées en ce qui concerne l'épaisseur du film de mousse, le drainage dans le temps et la stabilité, respectivement en utilisant la SANS, l'analyse d'image et la conductométrie. Le POM superchaotropique testé (SiW12O404-, SiW) ne mousse pas dans l'eau contrairement au SDS classique de tensioactif ionique. Néanmoins, l'ajout de petites quantités de SiW ou de SDS à une solution moussante de tensioactif non ionique a permis d'obtenir des mousses plus humides avec une durée de vie plus longue. Entre-temps, l'épaisseur du film de mousse (déterminée en SANS) est augmentée en raison de la charge électrique des monocouches de tensioactifs non ioniques dans le film de mousse. Il est conclu que le comportement remarquable des nano-ions - ici sur les systèmes tensioactifs non ioniques - peut être étendu aux systèmes colloïdaux, tels que les mousses, les polymères, les protéines ou les nanoparticules. Cette thèse démontre que le comportement superchaotropique des nano-ions est un outil polyvalent qui peut être utilisé dans de nouvelles formulations de matériaux et d'applications de la matière molle
Nanometer-sized ions (nano-ions), such as ionic boron clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs) and large organic ions, have spawned remarkable interest in recent years due to their ability to adsorb or bind to electrically neutral chemical systems, such as macrocyclic host molecules, colloidal nano-particles, surfactants and polymers etc. The underlying adsorption or binding processes were shown to be driven by a solvent-mediated phenomenon, the chaotropic effect, which drives the nano-ion from the water bulk towards an interface. Thus, hydration water of the ion and the interface is released into the bulk resulting in a bulk water structure recovery. This effect is particularly strong for nano-ions. Therefore, they were termed superchaotropic or hydrophobic ions as an extension to classical (weakly) chaotropic ions such as SCN-. All commonly studied superchaotropes, though chemically diverse, share physical characteristics such as low charge density and high polarizability. Herein, the effects of nano-ions on ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant self-assemblies, micellar and bilayer phases, are elucidated to draw conclusions on their chaotropic and/or hydrophobic nature. By combining small angle scattering of neutrons and x-rays (SANS and SAXS), and phase diagrams, non-ionic surfactant/nano-ion systems are examined and compared, from the nanometer to the macroscopic scale. Thus, all studied nano-ions are found to induce a charging of the surfactant assemblies along with a dehydration of the non-ionic surfactant head groups. Furthermore, chaotropic and hydrophobic ions differ in their effects on the micellar shape. Superchaotropic ions drive the elongated non-ionic surfactant micelles towards spherical micelles (increase in curvature), whereas hydrophobic ions cause a transition towards bilayer phases (decrease in curvature). It is concluded that superchaotropic nano-ions act like ionic surfactants because their addition to non-ionic surfactant systems causes a charging effect. However, nano-ions and ionic surfactants are fundamentally different by their association with the non-ionic surfactant assembly. The nano-ion adsorbs to the non-ionic surfactant heads by the chaotropic effect, while the ionic surfactant anchors into the micelles between the non-ionic surfactant tails by the hydrophobic effect. The comparison of the effects of adding nano-ions or ionic surfactant to non-ionic surfactant was further investigated on foams. The foams were investigated regarding foam film thickness, drainage over time and stability, respectively using SANS, image analysis and conductometry. The tested superchaotropic POM (SiW12O404-, SiW) does not foam in water in contrast to the classical ionic surfactant SDS. Nevertheless, addition of small amounts of SiW or SDS to a non-ionic surfactant foaming solution resulted in wetter foams with longer lifetimes. Meanwhile, the foam film thickness (determined in SANS) is increased due to the electric charging of the non-ionic surfactant monolayers in the foam film. It is concluded that the remarkable behavior of nano-ions – herein on non-ionic surfactant systems – can be extended to colloidal systems, such as foams, polymers, proteins or nanoparticles. This thesis demonstrates that the superchaotropic behavior of nano-ions is a versatile tool to be used in novel formulations of soft matter materials and applications
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Schwaiger, Christine S. "Voltage sensor activation and modulation in ion channels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Beräkningsbiofysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104742.

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Voltage-gated ion channels play fundamental roles in neural excitability, they are for instance responsible for every single heart beat in our bodies, and dysfunctional channels cause disease that can be even lethal. Understanding how the voltage sensor of these channels function is critical for drug design of compounds targeting neuronal excitability. The opening and closing of the pore in voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels is caused by the arginine-rich S4 helix of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) moving in response to an external potential. In fact, VSDs are remarkably efficient at turning membrane potential into conformational changes, which likely makes them the smallest existing biological engines. Exactly how this is accomplished is not yet fully known and an area of hot debate, especially due to the lack of structures of the resting and intermediate states along the activation pathway. In this thesis I study how the VSD activation works and show how toxic compounds modulate channel gating through direct interaction with these quite unexplored drug targets. First, I show that a secondary structure transition from alpha- to 3(10)-helix in the S4 helix is an important part of the gating as this helix type is significantly more favorable compared to the -helix in terms of a lower free energy barrier. Second, I present new models for intermediate states along the whole voltage sensor cycle from closed to open and suggest a new gating model for S4, where it moves as a sliding 3(10)-helix. Interestingly, this 3(10)-helix is formed in the region of the single most conserved residue in Kv channels, the phenylalanine F233. Located in the hydrophobic core, it directly faces S4 and creates a structural barrier for the gating charges. Substituting this residue alters the deactivation free energy barrier and can either facilitate the relaxation of the voltage sensor or increase the free energy barrier, depending on the size of the mutant. These results are confirmed by new experimental data that supports that a rigid ring at the phenylalanine position is the rate-limiting factor for the deactivation gating process, while the activation is unaffected. Finally, we study how the activation can be modulated for pharmaceutical reasons. Neurotoxins such as hanatoxin and stromatoxin push S3b towards S4 helix limiting S4's flexibility. This makes it harder for the VSD to activate and might explain the stronger binding affinities in resting state. All these results are highly important both for the general topic of biological macromolecules undergoing functionally critical conformational transitions, as well as the particular case of voltage-gated ion channels where understanding of the gating process is probably the key step to explain the effects of mutations or drug interactions.

QC 20121115

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Menzel, Cristian. "Polyelectrolyte core/hydrophobic shell polymer particles by double emulsion templating polymerisation for environmental applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polyelectrolyte-corehydrophobic-shell-polymer-particles-by-double-emulsion-templating-polymerisation-for-environmental-applications(0fa106d3-770c-48e0-9f4e-7ba29ae9caf1).html.

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Herein two novel synthetic strategies for the synthesis of sub-millimetre sized core–shell particles comprising a polyelectrolyte core and a porous hydrophobic shell are presented. In the first method, a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion was used as a template for the simultaneous polymerisation of both the internal aqueous and the intermediate oil phases, via suspension polymerisation, leading to the formation of a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid-co-bisacrylamide) core contained in a porous poly(4-tert-butylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) shell. It was found that the formation of core–shell morphology was favoured by the effect of acrylic acid which was responsible for the selective destabilization of the internal aqueous/oil (W/O) interface. It was found that rapid internal phase coarsening promoted the formation of single-core structures. A rapid gel-point of the oil phase, on the other hand, reduced the internal aqueous phase diffusion towards the external phase. The detrimental effect over internal emulsion stability was replicated using ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol and propionic acid which were used as a co-solvent in the internal aqueous phase to promote core/shell morphology formation. The second method involved the use of a flow-focusing device for the formation of monodisperse W/O/W emulsion droplets which were photo-polymerised. Anionic poly(sodium acrylate), poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate), and cationic poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) hydrogels were encapsulated within a porous poly(trimethylolpropane triacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) shell. Control over both particle diameter and shell thickness was achieved by tuning the flow rates of the different phases. The use of these novel hydrogel core/shell particles as novel material for environmental applications, including the scavenging of radionuclides, was investigated. It was found that hydrophilic substances including dyes and metal ions were rapidly adsorbed and encapsulated within the core region after diffusing through the permeable porous shell. Part of the results obtained in this work have been published in the article J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 12553-12559.
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Schwaiger, Christine S. "Dynamics of the voltage-sensor domain in voltage-gated ion channels : Studies on helical content and hydrophobic barriers within voltage-sensor domains." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Teoretisk fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33818.

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Voltage-gated ion channels play fundamental roles in neural excitability and thus dysfunctional channels can cause disease. Understanding how the voltage-sensor of these channels activate and inactivate could potentially be useful in future drug design of compounds targeting neuronal excitability. The opening and closing of the pore in voltage-gated ion channels is caused by the arginine-rich S4 helix of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) moving in response to an external potential. Exactly how this movement is accomplished is not yet fully known and an area of hot debate. In this thesis I study how the opening and closing in voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels occurs. Recently, both experimental and computational results have pointed to the possibility of a secondary structure transition from α- to 3(10)-helix in S4 being an important part of the gating. First, I show that the 3(10)-helix structure in the S4 helix of a Kv1.2-2.1 chimera protein is significantly more favorable compared to the α-helix in terms of a lower free energy barrier during the gating motion. Additional I suggest a new gating model for S4, moving as sliding 310-helix. Interestingly, the single most conserved residue in voltage- gated ion channels is a phenylalanine located in the hydrophobic core and directly facing S4 causing a barrier for the gating charges. In a second study, I address the problem of the energy barrier and show that mutations of the phenylalanine directly alter the free energy barrier of the open to closed transition for S4. Mutations can either facilitate the relaxation of the voltage-sensor or increase the free energy barrier, depending on the size of the mutant. These results are confirmed by new experimental data that supports that a rigid, cyclic ring at the phenylalanine position is the determining rate-limiting factor for the voltage sensor gating process.
QC 20110616
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Spohr, Reimar. "Ion Tracks for Micro- and Nanofabrication : From Single Channels to Superhydrophobic Surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111247.

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A method is described for preset-count irradiations between 1 and 100 ions singling-out individual ions from an ion beam with more than a billion ions arriving per second. The ion tracks are etched in a conductometric system with real-time evaluation of the acquired data. The etch process can be interrupted when reaching a preset channel diameter. Cylindrical channels are obtained by adding surfactants to the etch solution forming a self-assembled barrier between etching medium and polymer. Asymmetric etching of single ion tracks leads to pH sensitive conical pores with diode-like properties. Using etched channels as template, homogeneous and multilayer magnetic single-wires are electrodeposited. The magnetoresistivity of the wires is studied. Single-track applications comprise critical apertures (cylindric, conic, necked), asymmetric pores (pH sensitive, biospecific), Giant Magneto Resistance sensors, and spintronic devices. On the basis of studies with individual ion tracks we tackled tilted multiporous systems such as ion beam lithography with a masked ion beam leading to micro-structures with inclined walls and anisotropic superhydrophobic ion track textures, analogous to biological shingle structures on butterfly wings. We demonstrated qualitatively, that the asymmetry of the texture translates into motion under ultrasonic agitation. This could lead to the development of rotary drives.
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Castiblanco, Adriana P. "Expression and Purification of Engineered Calcium Binding Proteins." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/20.

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Previous studies in Dr. Yang’s laboratory have established a grafting, design, and subdomain approach in order to investigate the properties behind Ca2+-binding sites located in Ca2+-binding proteins by employing engineered proteins. These approaches have not only enabled us to isolate Ca2+-binding sites and obtain their Ca2+-binding affinities, but also to investigate conformational changes and cooperativity effects upon Ca2+ binding. The focus of my thesis pertains to optimizing the expression and purification of engineered proteins with tailored functions. Proteins were expressed in E. coli using different cell strains, vectors, temperatures, and inducer concentrations. After rigorous expression optimization procedures, proteins were further purified using chromatographic and/or refolding techniques. Expression and purification optimization of proteins is essential for further analyses, since the techniques used for these studies require high protein concentrations and purity. Evaluated proteins had yields between 5-70 mg/L and purities of 80-90% as confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.
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Sharma, Gunjana. "Heterogeneous Technologies for Microfluidic Systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrosystemteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131109.

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In this thesis, conventional and unconventional technologies have been studied and combined in order to make heterogeneous microfluidics with potential advantages, especially in biological applications. Many conventional materials, like silicon, glass, thermoplastic polymers, polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been combined in building heterogeneous microfluidic devices or demonstrators. Aside from these materials, unconventional materials for microfluidics such as stainless steel and the fluoroelastomer Viton have been explored. The advantages of the heterogeneous technologies presented were demonstrated in several examples: (1) For instance, in cell biology, surface properties play an important role. Different functions were achieved by combining microengineering and surface modification. Two examples were made by depositing a Teflon-like film: a) a non-textured surface was made hydrophobic to allow higher pressures for cell migration studies and b) a surface textured by ion track technology was even made super-hydrophobic. (2) In microfluidics, microactuators used for fluid handling are important, e.g. in valves and pumps. Here, microactuators that can handle high-pressures were presented, which may allow miniaturization of high performance bioanalyses that until now have been restricted to larger instruments. (3) In some applications the elastomer PDMS cannot be used due to its high permeability and poor solvent resistivity. Viton can be a good replacement when elasticity is needed, like in the demonstrated paraffin actuated membrane.(4) Sensing of bio-molecules in aquatic solutions has potential in diagnostics on-site. A proof-of-principle demonstration of a potentially highly sensitive biosensor was made by integrating a robust solidly mounted resonator in a PDMS based microfluidic system. It is concluded that heterogeneous technologies are important for microfluidic systems like micro total analysis systems (µTAS) and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices.
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Pradines, Vincent. "Instabilités périodiques de Marangoni en système biphasique liquide/liquide : rôle et propriétés de paires d'ions tensioactives." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30155.

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Oscillations of the electrical potential and interfacial tension have been studied during mass transfer in water/dichloromethane biphasic systems: CTAB/picric acid and SDS/TAAB for which, the chain length of the tetraalkylammonium was varied (from ethyl to butyl). A detailed analysis of the signals recorded allowed us to confirm the hydrodynamic origin (Marangoni instability) of the oscillations. We have determined the physico-chemical properties of all species involved (partition and adsorption constant, molecular area, and association constant of the ion pairs). For this, measurements of the surface tension, UV/Visible spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry have been performed. For the SDS/TAAB system, we have observed increasing association of TAADS ion pairs with chain length. We have also carried out theoretical calculations (DFT, Ab-initio) to highlight a geometry supporting the hydrophobic interactions between the two ions.
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Salinas, Soler Yolanda. "Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31663.

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La presente tesis doctoral titulada ¿Materiales funcionales híbridos para el reconocimiento óptico de explosivos nitroaromáticos mediante interacciones supramoleculares¿ se basa en la combinación de principios de Química Supramolecular y de Ciencia de los Materiales para el diseño y desarrollo de nuevos materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos funcionales capaces de detectar explosivos nitroaromáticos en disolución. En primer lugar se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de todos los sensores ópticos (cromogénicos y fluorogénicos) descritos en la bibliografía y que abarca el periodo desde 1947 hasta 2011. Los resultados de la búsqueda están reflejados en el capítulo 2 de esta tesis. El primer material híbrido preparado está basado en la aplicación de la aproximación de los canales iónicos y, para ello, emplea nanopartículas de sílice funcionalizadas con unidades reactivas y unidades coordinantes (ver capítulo 3). Este soporte inorgánico se funcionaliza con tioles (unidad reactiva) y una poliamina lineal (unidad coordinante) y se estudia el transporte de una escuaridina (colorante) a la superficie de la nanopartícula en presencia de diferentes explosivos. En ausencia de explosivos, la escuaridina (color azul y fluorescencia intensa) es capaz de reaccionar con los tioles anclados en la superficie decolorando la disolución. En presencia de explosivos nitroaromáticos se produce una inhibición de la reacción escuaridinatiol y la suspensión permanece azul. Esta inhibición es debida a la formación de complejos de transferencia de carga entre las poliaminas y los explosivos nitroaromáticos. En la segunda parte de esta tesis doctoral se han preparado materiales híbridos con cavidades biomiméticas basados en el empleo de MCM-41 como soporte inorgánico mesoporoso (ver capítulo 4). Para ello se ha procedido al anclaje de tres fluoróforos (pireno, dansilo y fluoresceína) en el interior de los poros del soporte inorgánico y, posteriormente, se ha hidrofobado el interior de material mediante la reacción de los silanoles superficiales con 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexametildisilazano. Mediante este procedimiento se consiguen cavidades hidrófobas que tienen en su interior los fluoróforos. Estos materiales son fluorescentes cuando se suspenden en acetonitrilo mientras que cuando se añaden explosivos nitroaromáticos a estas suspensiones se observa una desactivación de la emisión muy marcada. Esta desactivación de la emisión es debida a la inclusión de los explosivos nitroaromáticos en la cavidad biomimética y a la interacción de estas moléculas (mediante interacciones de ¿- stacking) con el fluoróforo. Una característica importante de estos materiales híbridos sensores es que pueden ser reutilizados después de la extracción del explosivo de las cavidades hidrofóbicas. En la última parte de esta tesis doctoral se han desarrollado materiales híbridos orgánicoinorgánicos funcionalizados con ¿puertas moleculares¿ que han sido empleados también para detectar explosivos nitroaromáticos (ver capítulo 5). Para la preparación de estos materiales también se ha empleado MCM-41 como soporte inorgánico. En primer lugar, los poros del soporte inorgánico se cargan con un colorante/fluoróforo seleccionado. En una segunda etapa, la superficie externa del material cargado se ha funcionalizado con ciertas moléculas con carácter electrón dador (pireno y ciertos derivados del tetratiafulvaleno). Estas moléculas ricas en electrones forman una monocapa muy densa (debida a las interacciones dipolo-dipolo entre estas especies) alrededor de los poros que inhibe la liberación del colorante. En presencia de explosivos nitroaromáticos se produce la ruptura de la monocapa, debido a interacciones de ¿-stacking con las moléculas ricas en electrones, con la consecuencia de una liberación del colorante atrapado en el interior de los poros observándose una respuesta cromo-fluorogénica
Salinas Soler, Y. (2013). Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31663
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Coskuner, Orkide. "Investigation of hydrophobic interactions by Monte Carlo simulation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968831664.

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Books on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Trochonowicz, Maciej. Analiza skuteczności przepon wykonanych metodami iniekcji chemicznej w murach z opoki wapnistej: Efficacy analysis of the diaphragms made using the method of chemical injection in the walls of calcareous stones. Lublin: Politechnika Lubelska, 2011.

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Jackson, Alan C. Rabies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0155.

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Rabies is an acute viral infection involving the central nervous system with distinctive clinical features reflecting early brainstem involvement, including hydrophobia. This infection is usually transmitted by animal bites, typically from dogs or wildlife, including bats. There is a progressive clinical course to coma and the disease is virtually always fatal. When rabies is treated aggressively there are usually multiple medical complications, including multiple organ failure. Therapeutic attempts have been disappointing and new approaches need to be taken in the future. An improved understanding of rabies pathogenesis might lead to important insights into the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Clarke, Andrew. Water. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0005.

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Liquid water is essential for life, and a metabolically active cell is ~70% water. The physical properties of liquid water, and their temperature dependence, are dictated to a significant extent by the properties of hydrogen bonds. From an ecological perspective, the important properties of liquid water include its high latent heats of fusion and vapourisation, its high specific heat, the ionisation, low dynamic viscosity and high surface tension. The solubility in water of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the calcium carbonate used to build skeletons in many invertebrates groups all increase with decreasing temperature. The hydrophobic interaction is important in the formation of cellular membranes and the folding of proteins; its strength increases with temperature, which may be a factor in the cold-denaturation of cellular macromolecules. The cell is extremely crowded with macromolecules. Coupled with the highly structured water close to membranes or protein surfaces and the hydration shells around ions, this means that the behaviour of water in cells is different from that of bulk water. The thermal behaviour of isolated cellular components studied in dilute aqueous buffers many not reflect accurately their behaviour in the intact cell or tissue.
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Deegan, Patrick. Porphyria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0179.

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This chapter discusses six diseases caused by inborn errors of metabolism affecting the biosynthesis of haem. Haem is a tetracyclic metal-binding compound involved in oxygen transport (in haemoglobin and myoglobin) and redox reactions (e.g. in the cytochrome P450 system). Each of these conditions is caused by a single gene defect in one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of haem. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The enzyme defect results in disease, not as a result of deficiency of the reaction product, but as a result of accumulation of precursors. Early, soluble precursors, 5-aminolaevulinic acid, and porphobilinogen (not porphyrins as such) are neurotoxic and, when present in great excess, as occurs when flux through the haem synthetic pathway is increased in response to particular medications or hormones, lead to acute neurovisceral crises. Later cyclical precursors (porphyrins) in the pathway are also water soluble and excreted in urine, but are susceptible to activation by electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum and are converted to free-radical metabolites that cause pain, inflammation, and tissue damage in the skin. The final haem precursors (also porphyrins) are hydrophobic and excreted in the bile and faeces and are also activated by light to toxic metabolites.
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Wiklund, Olov, and Jan Borén. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: lipid metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0011.

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Lipids are carried in plasma as microparticles, lipoproteins, composed of a core of hydrophobic lipids and a surface of amphipathic lipids. In addition, the particles carry proteins (i.e. apolipoproteins). The proteins have key functions in the metabolism as receptor ligands, enzymes or activators. Lipoproteins are classified based on density into: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL. Retention of apoB-containing lipoproteins (LDL, IDL, and VLDL) in the arterial intima is the initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Retention is mediated by binding of apoB to structural proteoglycans in the intima. Increased plasma concentration of apoB-containing lipoproteins is the main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the causative role of LDL has been demonstrated in several studies. Lp(a) is a subclass of LDL and elevated Lp(a) is an independent risk-factor, primarily genetically mediated. Genetic data support that high Lp(a) causes atherosclerosis. Elevated triglycerides in plasma are associated with increased risk for CVD. Whether triglycerides directly induce atherogenesis is still unclear, but current data strongly support that remnant particles from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are causal. HDL are lipoproteins that have been considered to be important for reversed cholesterol transport. Low HDL is a strong risk-factor for CVD. However, the causative role of HDL is debated and intervention studies to raise HDL have not been successful. Reduction of LDL is the main target for prevention and treatment, using drugs that inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, i.e. statins. Other drugs for LDL reduction and to modify other lipoproteins may further reduce risk, and new therapeutic targets are explored.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Hudson, Michael J., and Debra J. Tyler. "Extraction of the Perrhenate Anion Using Goethite Surface-Modified with Hydrophobic Quaternary Amines." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 297–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_28.

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Dzyazko, Yuliya S., Yurii M. Volfkovich, and Mary O. Chaban. "Composites Containing Inorganic Ion Exchangers and Graphene Oxide: Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic and Sorption Properties (Review)." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 93–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51905-6_8.

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Armstrong, Catherine, Walter Gotham, Patrica Jennings, Jacqueline Nikles, Laurence S. Romsted, Marco Versace, and Judy Waidlich. "Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Hydrophobic Ketals in Aqueous Cationic Micelles: Partial Failure of The Pseudophase Ion Exchange Model." In Surfactants in Solution, 197–209. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0839-3_15.

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Song, Guixue, Rajaa Mesfiou, Aaron Dotson, Paul Westerhoff, and Patrick Hatcher. "Sulfur-Containing Molecules Observed in Hydrophobic and Amphiphilic Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 79–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_14.

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Itoh, Shigeru. "Change of Surface Potential and Intramembrane Electrical Field Induced by the Movements of Hydrophobic Ions Inside Chromatophore Membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides Studied by Responses of Merocyanine Dye and Intrinsic Carotenoids." In Ion Interactions in Energy Transfer Biomembranes, 75–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8410-6_8.

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Strauss, Ulrich P. "Hydrophobic Polyelectrolytes." In Polymers in Aqueous Media, 317–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1989-0223.ch016.

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Olea, Andrés F. "Hydrophobic Polyelectrolytes." In Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules, 211–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118165850.ch7.

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Hjertén, Stellan. "Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography." In Advances in Chromatography, 111–23. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003209690-4.

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O’Connor, Brendan F., and Philip M. Cummins. "Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 355–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_18.

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Cummins, Philip M., and Brendan F. O’Connor. "Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 431–37. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-913-0_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Li, Kun, Zhongwu Li, Kabin Lin, Chen Chen, Pinyao He, Jingjie Sha, and Yunfei Chen. "Anomalous ion transport through hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanopores." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2017.8286269.

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Wang, L., S. Sadler, and E. Bakker. "P1OS.9 - Ion-selective optode microsensors based on hydrophobic solvatochromic dyes." In 17th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2018. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2018/p1os.9.

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Dhal, Satyanarayan, Sriparna Chatterjee, and Shyamal Chatterjee. "Welding of copper oxide nanocolumns by ion irradiation: Transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980551.

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Lee, Jongho, Sean O’Hern, Rohit Karnik, and Tahar Laoui. "Vapor Trapping Membrane for Reverse Osmosis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39242.

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This paper presents a concept for desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) using a vapor-trapping membrane. The membrane is composed of hydrophobic nanopores and separates the feed salt water and the fresh water (permeate) side. The feed water is vaporized by applied pressure and the water vapor condenses on the permeate side accompanied by recovery of latent heat. A probabilistic model was developed for transport of water vapor inside the nanopores, which predicted 3–5 times larger mass flux than conventional RO membranes at temperatures in the range of 30–50°C. An experimental method to realize short and hydrophobic nanopores is presented. Gold was deposited at the entrance of alumina pores followed by modification using an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer. The membranes were tested for defective or leaking pores using a calcium ion indicator (Fluo-4). This method revealed the existence of defect-free areas in the 100–200 μm size range that are sufficient for flux measurement. Finally, a microfluidic flow cell was created for characterizing the transport properties of the fabricated membranes.
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Friess, Brooks R., Samuel C. Yew, and Mina Hoorfar. "The Effect of Flow Channel Surface Properties and Structures on Water Removal and Fuel Cell Performance." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54489.

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The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a zero emission power generation system that has long been considered as a replacement for conventional fossil fuel combustion systems. However, before constituting a viable market for commercial use, the fuel cell efficiency and reliability need to be improved significantly. It has been shown that water management has significant effect on the power and reliability of the cell as the electrolyte membrane must be well hydrated to allow for ion transfer while excess water blocks the activation sites on the cathode side. The latter effect is known as flooding which occurs at large current densities and compromises the normal operation of the fuel cell. To enhance water management, a prodigious amount of numerical models and experimental studies have been conducted to optimize the properties and structures of different layers. One of the key results of these studies has been the design of the flow field patterns on relatively hydrophobic surface of a graphite plate which is believed to provide a better mechanism for removing water droplets from the cathode flow channel. However, the wettability gradient between the catalyst layer (i.e., hydrophilic) and the flow channel (which is currently hydrophobic) introduces problems as the water droplets formed at the catalyst layer will not likely detach and hence create a film of liquid that will block the activation sites. If the flow channel is made out of a material that is more hydrophilic than the catalyst layer, water removal and transport will be enhanced as water naturally moves from low surface energy to high surface energy sites. Another major factor in controlling water in the PEM fuel cell is the flow field architecture. There has also been a large amount of research on different types of the flow field architectures. However, there have been no studies on the relative performance gains provided by changing the surface properties and the architecture separately. This paper presents an experimental analysis comparing two different flow fields with different surface properties, i.e., a hydrophilic gold flow channel and a hydrophobic graphite flow channel. The paper will also compare three different hydrophilic flow channel architectures: an open gold parallel flow channel, an aluminum foam filled parallel flow channel, and a woven wick filled parallel flow channel. This work will result in finding the optimum geometry and surface properties for achieving maximum performance in the flooding regime.
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Dash, Susmita, Niru Kumari, Mercy Dicuangco, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Single-Step Fabrication and Characterization of Ultrahydrophobic Surfaces With Hierarchical Roughness." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52046.

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Hydrophobic surfaces with microscale roughness can be rendered ultrahydrophobic by the addition of sub-micron scale roughness. A simple yet highly effective concept of fabricating hierarchical structured surfaces using a single-step deep reactive ion etch process is proposed. Using this method the complexities generally associated with fabrication of two-tier roughness structures are eliminated. Experiments are conducted on two double-roughness surfaces with different surface roughness, achieved by varying the size of the microscale roughness features. The surfaces are characterized in terms of static contact angle and roll-off angle and compared with surfaces consisting of only single-tier microscale roughness. The robustness of the new hierarchical roughness surfaces is verified through droplet impingement tests. The hierarchical surfaces are more resistant to wetting than the single roughness surfaces and show higher coefficients of restitution for droplets bouncing off the surface. The droplet dynamics upon impingement are explored.
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Hsieh, C. C., Yousef Alyousef, and S. C. Yao. "Development of a Silicon-Based Passive Gas-Liquid Separation System for Microscale Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96084.

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The design, fabrication, and performance characterization of a passive gas-liquid separation system is presented in this paper. The gas-liquid separation system is silicon-based and its fabrication is compatible with the existing CMU design of the microscale direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Both gas and liquid separators consist of staggered arrays of etched-through holes fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The gas separator is coated with a thin layer of hydrophobic polymer to substantiate the gas-liquid separation. To visually characterize the system performance, the gas-liquid separation system is made on a single wafer with a glass plate bonded on the top to form a separation chamber with a narrow gap in between. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) is applied for the low-temperature bonding. The maximum pressure for the liquid leakage of the gas separators is experimentally determined and compared with the values predicted theoretically. Several successful gas-liquid separations are observed at liquid pressures between 14.2 and 22.7 cmH2O, liquid flow rates between 0.705 and 1.786 cc/min, and CO2 flow rates between 0.15160 to 0.20435 cc/min.
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Hsieh, C. C., S. C. Yao, and Yousef Alyousef. "Development of a Silicon-Based Passive Gas-Liquid Separation System for Microscale Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42135.

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The design, fabrication, and performance characterization of a passive gas-liquid separation system is presented in this paper. The gas-liquid separation system is silicon-based and its fabrication is compatible with the existing CMU design of the microscale direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Both gas and liquid separators consist of staggered arrays of etched-through holes fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The gas separator is coated with a thin layer of hydrophobic polymer to substantiate the gas-liquid separation. To visually characterize the system performance, the gas-liquid separation system is made on a single wafer with a glass plate bonded on the top to form a separation chamber with a narrow gap in between. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) is applied for the low-temperature bonding. The maximum pressure for the liquid leakage of the gas separators is experimentally determined and compared with the values predicted theoretically. Several successful gas-liquid separations are observed at liquid pressures between 14.2 and 22.7 cmH2O, liquid flow rates between 0.705 and 1.786 cc/min, and CO2 flow rates between 0.15160 to 0.20435 cc/min.
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Lee, Cheng-Chang, and Wensyang Hsu. "A New Surface Modification Method to Alleviate Stiction of Microstructures." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39299.

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Modification on surface roughness has been shown effectively to alleviate both release and in-use stiction in the previous literatures. However, the modified materials in the previously reported methods were limited to polysilicon or single crystalline silicon with special properties. Here, the proposed modification method not only can apply to silicon without extra property requirements, but also has potential to modify other materials, such as oxide, nitride, and some metals. The process combined spin-on photoresist and reactive ion etching (RIE). The proposed low temperature process is simple, and no extra mask is needed. Consequently, there is more flexibility to add the roughness modification to the original fabrication process of micro devices. In this study, polysilicon and silicon nitride are demonstrated as the modified materials. Then the anti-stiction effect is characterized by calibrating the detachment lengths of released cantilevers and water contact angle on the modified surface. The experimental results show that the detachment length is almost twice longer than the cantilevers without modified substrate, where the interfacial surface energy between solids is reduced about fifteen times. Besides, polysilicon with a nearly hydrophobic surface is obtained after the modification process.
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Li, Deyu, Min Yue, Arun Majumdar, Rong Fan, Yiying Wu, and Peidong Yang. "Design and Fabrication of Silica Nanotube Arrays and Nanofluidic Devices." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43982.

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Silica nanotube arrays have been fabricated from vertical silicon nanowire templates prepared by Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) epitaxial growth. The silicon nonowire arrays are uniformly oxidized by a dry oxidation process in a tube furnace heated to 1000 °C and filled with pure O2, which gives SiO2 sheaths with continuous silicon wire cores inside. A dry etch process with XeF2 as etchant removes the silicon cores, thus silica nanotube arrays are obtained. The resulting silica nanotubes are more than 10 μm long with an inner diameter range from 10 to 200 nm. A nonofluidic device has been fabricated based on individual silica nanotubes. The nanotube is drop-casted onto a silica substrate from a solution and after the solution is dried out, a 200 nm thick chrome layer is sputter deposited. A 3 μm wide Cr gate structure is patterned across the silica nanotube. Photoresist is patterned to define the hydrophilic (silica) and hydrophobic (photoresist) regions. The hydrophilic regions form a reservoir at each side of the nanotube, thus giving us a nanofluidic device. Ion current flow through the nanotube has been measured in 1 M KCl solution and the measured current matches the theoretical estimation reasonably well.
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Reports on the topic "Hydrophobic ion"

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Cardin, Karl. Jet Rebound from Hydrophobic Substrates in Microgravity. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6706.

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Tuck, D. M. Interfacial Properties of a Hydrophobic Dye in the Tetrachloroethylene-Water-Glass Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5298.

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Holt, J., J. Herberg, Y. Wu, E. Schwegler, and A. Mehta. The Structure and Transport of Water and Hydrated Ions Within Hydrophobic, Nanoscale Channels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/957618.

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Pratt, L. R., S. Garde, and G. Hummer. Theories of hydrophobic effects and the description of free volume in complex liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/319667.

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Cole, R. O., M. J. Sepaniak, W. L. Hinze, J. Gorse, and K. Oldiges. Bile salt surfactants in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Application to hydrophobic molecule separations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6287336.

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Pratt, L. R., A. E. Garcia, and G. Hummer. Computer simulation of protein solvation, hydrophobic mapping, and the oxygen effect in radiation biology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/524859.

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Laha, S., Z. Liu, D. Edwards, and R. G. Luthy. The potential for solubilizing agents to enhance the remediation of hydrophobic organic solutes in soil-water suspensions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5455360.

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Laha, S., Z. Liu, D. Edwards, and R. G. Luthy. The potential for solubilizing agents to enhance the remediation of hydrophobic organic solutes in soil-water suspensions. [Quarterly report]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137445.

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Lin, Xiao-Min, and Subramanian Sankaranarayanan. Ultrathin Nanoparticle Membranes to Remove Emerging Hydrophobic Trace Organic Compounds in Water with Low Applied Pressure and Energy Consumption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1502835.

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Gauglitz, Phillip A., Lenna A. Mahoney, Jeremy Blanchard, and Judith A. Bamberger. Surface Tension Estimates for Droplet Formation in Slurries with Low Concentrations of Hydrophobic Particles, Polymer Flocculants or Surface-Active Contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024544.

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