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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrothermal activation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Park, Jung Eun, Gi Bbum Lee, Ho Kim, and Bum Ui Hong. "High Surface Area–Activated Carbon Production from Cow Manure Controlled by Heat Treatment Conditions." Processes 10, no. 7 (2022): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071282.

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In this study, methods of adding value to cow manure were studied. Due to the properties of cow manure, activated carbon with a high surface area can only be produced by increasing the fixed carbon ratio and removing the ash content. Activated carbon was fabricated using five different treatments: (1) raw material–chemical activation, (2) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–chemical activation, (3) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–chemical activation–acid washing, (4) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–heat treatment–chemical activation, and (5) raw material–hydrothermal carbon

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2

Liu, Yu Qin, Hong Tu Xia, and Hong Wen Ma. "Kinetics of Hydrothermal Decomposition of Potassium Feldspar with Calcium Hydroxide." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.65.

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The aegirine-augite syenite potash ore, taken from Changling, Luonan in Shannxi province, were hydrothermally decomposed over the temperature ranges of 533 K to 563 K using calcium hydroxide as additive. The dissolution ratio of the K2O at different reaction temperature and time was determined. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that the dissolution rate of potash ore satisfies the chemical reaction controlled kinetic equation. The rate constant of hydrothermal reaction at different temperatures was obtained. The activation energy was calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The hyd

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3

Xu, Jin-Wei, Cheng-Chun Li, Jian-Wei Liu, Wen-Chao Chang, Wen-Shao Chang, and Jyh-Horng Wu. "Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method." Polymers 15, no. 20 (2023): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204149.

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In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior

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4

Sinniha, Shobana, Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Ahmad Ibn Ibrahimy, et al. "Two step synthesis and application of porous carbon for removal of copper (II) from wastewater: Statistical optimization and equilibrium isotherm analysis." BioResources 19, no. 2 (2024): 3699–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.2.3699-3724.

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In this study, activated carbon (ACs) adsorbent was synthesized using the lignocellulosic waste (LCB) seed from Adansonia digitata L. (BSP) using two steps of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by activation. The hydrothermally produced char of BSP was activated to produce porous activated carbon BSPAC, where K2CO3 was used as a chemical activating agent. Box Behnken Design was used to optimize the input variables of pyrolysis temperature (A1), residence time (B1), and ratio (C1) for the pyrolysis process. Removal percentage (β1), percentage carbon yield (β2), and fixed carbon (β3) perc

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5

Muravieva, Natalia A., Yuliya V. Kulikova, and Olga O. Babich. "Evaluation of sorption properties of biochar produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of Phragmites australis." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 336, no. 1 (2025): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2025/1/4627.

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Relevance. The need to use an innovative method of thermochemical conversion of wet biomass and organic waste – hydrothermal liquefaction. This paper focuses on the further application of the by-product of the process – solid coal residue (biochar). The obtained solid residue is proposed to be used as sorbent. Aim. To evaluate the sorption capacity of carbon residues from hydrothermal liquefaction of common reed, as well as to select methods for their activation. Object. Hydrochar produced by hydrothermal liquefaction from plant biomass – common reed (Phragmites australis). Methods. Hydrotherm

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6

Vlček, Jozef, Michaela Topinková, Miroslava Klárová, et al. "Alkali-Activated Metakaolin and Fly Ash as Unfired Ceramic Bonding Systems." Minerals 11, no. 2 (2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020197.

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Metakaolin (MK) prepared by the calcination of kaolin at 550 °C and fly ash (FA) from the combustion of black coal in a granulating boiler were used to prepare unfired ceramic bonding systems via the alkali activation process. A long-term stability of the mechanical properties of the prepared samples similar to the unfired ceramic systems was observed. The optimal metakaolin and fly ash ratio, the type of the activator (NaOH or water glass) and its concentration were evaluated after the hydration in: a) laboratory conditions; b) hydration box; and c) under the hydrothermal activation. Raw mate

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7

Shim, Young Sook, Yeong Seok Yoo, Seung Whee Rhee, and Woo Keun Lee. "Evaluation of Pelletized Adsorbent Made for Removing VOCs by MSWI Fly Ash ( Ⅱ )." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.594.

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The objective of this study is to prepare a pelletized adsorbent to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in Korea. The fly ash sample was sieved to particle size of 75-150㎛, and then a hydrothermal processing was carried out. The pelletized adsorbent was prepared from hydrothermal treated fly ash by mixing it with coal tar pitch and K2CO3 as a carbon source and activating agent, and activating them. The optimum condition to derive maximum iodine adsorptivity and BET surface area was the mixing ratio of hydrothermal treated fly ash, c

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8

Kong, Qing Qiu, Guo Jun Ke, and Dan Wang. "Studies on Exciting the Activity of Waste Glass Powder by Hydrothermal Activation." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.171.

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The effect of hydrothermal activation indifferent temperature and pressure conditions on the pozzolanic activity of waste glass powder was discussed. The waste glass powder was treated at 108°C, 0.15MPa, 116°C, 0.18MPa and 121°C, 0.2MPa for 2h in an autoclave respectively after milling to 4215cm2/g. Mortar was made with untreated and hydrothermal activated waste glass power replacement of cement at 20% respectively, then tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 14 , 28 and 90 days. Results showed that compressive strength of cement mortar had varying degrees of decline when replacing cement wi

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9

Wei, Juntao, Jiawei Sun, Deliang Xu, et al. "Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Bio-Oil-Derived Hydrochar as a Supercapacitor Electrode Material." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (2023): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021355.

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The rapid consumption of fossil energy and the urgent demand for sustainable development have significantly promoted worldwide efforts to explore new technology for energy conversion and storage. Carbon-based supercapacitors have received increasing attention. The use of biomass and waste as a carbon precursor is environmentally friendly and economical. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was used to synthetize coke from bio-oil, which can create a honeycomb-like structure that is advantageous for electrolyte transport. Furthermore, hydrothermal pretreatment, which is low in temperature,

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10

Asawaworarit, Panuruj, Nuwong Chollacoop, Nawin Viriya-Empikul, and Apiluck Eiad-Ua. "Effect of Alkaline Activation on Low Grade Natural Kaolin for Synthesis of Zeolite A." Materials Science Forum 872 (September 2016): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.872.206.

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The conventional technique to synthesizes zeolite A from kaolin is calcination. However, this technique has one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin, such as muscovite and quartz, remain. Therefore, the hydrothermal process without calcination is used to synthesize high purity zeolite A. Hydrothermal synthesis without calcination can be separated into two steps, namely first and second hydrothermal steps. Alkaline activation reaction in the first hydrothermal step was used to study the effect of NaOH concentration ranging from 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M to 12M at 200°C for 3 hours. In this step, sodi

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11

Zhu, Guang Yan, Jian Feng Huang, Li Yun Cao, Min Zhou, and Jian Peng Wu. "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Carbon/Carbon Composites by a Hydrothermal Electrodeposition Process." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1238.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrodeposition method on Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The as-prepared HAp coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of hydrothermal temperature on the phase and surface microstructures of HAp coatings and the corresponding deposition kinetics were particularly investigated. Results show that with the increase of hydrothermal temperature, the crystallinity, density and homogenous of the prepared HAp coatings are improved. The deposition rate also increases with the increase of hydrothermal temperature.

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12

Rodríguez Valdivia, Marcelo, Rivalino Guzmán Ale, and Martha Huamán Gutiérrez. "Application of an experimental design in the hydrothermal synthesis of GIS-NaP zeolite from brickwall wastes." Applied Chemical Engineering 5, no. 2 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ace.v5i2.1638.

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This article reports the results of an investigation carried out in order to obtain zeolitic material of the GIS-NaP type with high cation exchange capacity using brick waste. The hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in a stainless-steel reactor using NaOH activating solutions at concentrations of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 M, activation temperatures of 100, 120 and 140 ℃ and activation times of 7, 8 and 9 hours. The product obtained was characterized by X-ray Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).The results obtained showed that for th

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13

Thungngern, Pimpreeya, Phanwatsa Amnaphiang, Panuruj Asawaworarit, Vituruch Goodwin, Nuwong Chollacoop, and Apiluck Eiad-Ua. "Influence of Temperature and Alkaline Activation for Synthesis Zeolite A from Natural Kaolin." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.410.

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Zeolite A from natural kaolin have been successfully synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal. However, these techniques have one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin such as muscovite and quartz in the kaolin structure, which depend on temperature and alkaline activation. This work was separated into two steps, first step was used calcination technique, and second step was used hydrothermal technique. Reaction of temperature in the first step was studied the influence of temperature from 500°C to 800°C for 3 hours. In this step, kaolin transformed to metakaolin and remain the impuriti

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14

Gong, Yongfan, Ben Yu, Yonghao Fang, Dingyi Yang, Shu-an Wu, and Yurong Yan. "A Kinetic Study of the Pozzolanic Reaction of Fly Ash, CaO, and Na2O in the Preparation of Fly Ash Belite Cement." Materials 12, no. 20 (2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203303.

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Fly ash belite cement is a kind of low-carbon cement prepared by a two-step process involving hydrothermal synthesis and low-temperature calcination. Pozzolanic reaction pastes, as the precursors of fly ash belite cement prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, are affected mainly by reaction temperature, time, ratios of the mass of fly ash/lime (FA/CA), and the dosage of Na2O. The absorbance rate of CaO with reaction time was tested for all samples, and the reaction kinetic model and parameters of the granule-hydrothermal synthesis method were discussed. A kinetic model for the hydrothermal synthe

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15

Rubiera, Fernando, Carlos Córdoba, Tamara Pena, and Marta G. Plaza. "Production of Sustainable Adsorbents for CO2 Capture Applications from Food Biowastes." Energies 17, no. 5 (2024): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051205.

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Traditional methods to develop biomass-based carbon adsorbents generally involve carbonization followed by chemical or physical activation. However, routes involving the hydrothermal treatment of biomass are receiving growing interest. In this work, two different strategies for the synthesis of sustainable CO2 adsorbents are compared, i.e., in situ ionic activation and hydrothermal treatment followed by activation with CO2. The latter is a green and simple procedure that does not require the addition of chemicals or acid-washing stages, and which leads to carbon adsorbents with relatively high

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16

Peng, Xiao Qin, Tao Huang, and Shu Ping Wang. "Research on Activation and Application of the Fine Powders from Waste Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.3.

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Fine powders from crushed waste concretes have high water absorption and their reuse is limited. In this research the fine powders with diameter of less than 4.75mm were activated by using grinding method and hydrothermal synthesis method, and then the specimens were manufactured from these activated fine powders by mechanically compacting at the pressure of 80MPa. The experimental results show that the instant maximum compressive strengths are 9.65MPa and 16.8MPa respectively for the specimens from the ground powders and the hydrothermal synthesis powders. Their apparent densities are low and

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17

Wu, Haibin, Xiaojing Wang, and Wei Su. "Synthesis of lithium slag-based ANA zeolite and molecular dynamics study of carbon dioxide adsorption performance." Vibroengineering Procedia 51 (October 20, 2023): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23545.

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In this paper, lithium slag was used as raw material to prepare zeolite framework with porous structure by alkali activation and hydrothermal synthesis. The alkali activation of raw materials and the phase analysis of zeolite products were carried out by XRD characterization methods, and the effects of different alkali fusion conditions and hydrothermal conditions on zeolite synthesis were investigated. At the same time, the effects of different temperatures on the adsorption capacity and adsorption heat of carbon dioxide adsorbed by zeolite skeleton model under normal pressure were studied by

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18

Denkewicz, Raymond P., Kevor S. TenHuisen, and James H. Adair. "Hydrothermal crystallization kinetics of m-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 11 (1990): 2698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.2698.

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The isothermal nucleation and crystallization kinetics of hydrothermally prepared monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 have been determined at various pH conditions. It is shown that monoclinic ZrO2 precipitates at low pH whereas at high pH tetragonal ZrO2 crystallizes from an amorphous zirconium (hydrous) oxide, Zr(OH)xOy, precursor. At intermediate pH conditions mixtures of the polymorphs are formed suggestive of kinetically competing particle formation mechanisms. The data are explained by the proposed existence of three controlling regimes for the formation of crystalline ZrO2: dissolution/preci

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19

Otabil, Adam, Faustina Yeboah, and Hou Yongdan. "Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Process." Engineering Journal of Undergraduate Research 2, no. 1 (2019): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2633719.

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Hydroxyapatite was produced using hydrothermal process by reacting calcined eggshells with diammonium hydrogen phosphate at 100 <sup>o</sup>C and 110 <sup>o</sup>C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours respectively in which the kinetics of hydroxyapatite formation were determined. The crystalline size, crystallinity and amount of hydroxyapatite produced in each sample were obtained using the X-ray diffractometer. The maximum crystalline sizes ranged from 0.536 – 0.702 nm with the largest size occurring on sample treated for 110 <sup>o</sup>C for 8 hours. The degree of crystallinity and amount of HA fo

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20

Krupšová, Sarah, and Miroslav Almáši. "Cellulose–Amine Porous Materials: The Effect of Activation Method on Structure, Textural Properties, CO2 Capture, and Recyclability." Molecules 29, no. 5 (2024): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051158.

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CO2 capture via physical adsorption on activated porous carbons represents a promising solution towards effective carbon emission mitigation. Additionally, production costs can be further decreased by utilising biomass as the main precursor and applying energy-efficient activation. In this work, we developed novel cellulose-based activated carbons modified with amines (diethylenetriamine (DETA), 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (BAPE), and melamine (MELA)) with different numbers of nitrogen atoms as in situ N-doping precursors. We investigated the effect of hydrothermal and thermal activation

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21

Wang, Wenxiu, Hongying Quan, Weimin Gao, et al. "N-Doped hierarchical porous carbon from waste boat-fruited sterculia seed for high performance supercapacitors." RSC Advances 7, no. 27 (2017): 16678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01043e.

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22

Guangzhi, Yang, Ye Jinyu, Yan Yuhua, Tang Zhihong, Yu DengGuang, and Yang Junhe. "Preparation and CO2 adsorption properties of porous carbon from camphor leaves by hydrothermal carbonization and sequential potassium hydroxide activation." RSC Advances 7, no. 7 (2017): 4152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25303b.

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23

Köferstein, Roberto. "Investigations on Bi25FeO40 powders synthesized by hydrothermal and combustion-like processes." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 217 (May 9, 2014): 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.05.006.

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The syntheses of phase−pure and stoichiometric iron sillenite (Bi25FeO40) powders by a hydrothermal (at ambient pressure) and a combustion−like process are described. Phase−pure samples were obtained in the hydrothermal reaction at 100 °C (1), whereas the combustion−like process leads to pure Bi25FeO40 after calcination at 750 °C for 2 h (2a). The activation energy of the crystallite growth process of hydrothermally synthesized Bi25FeO40 was calculated as 48(9) kJ mol−1. The peritectic point was determined as 797(1) °C. The optical band gaps of the sam

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24

Su, Yi, Wendelin Böhm, Marco Wenzel, et al. "Mild hydrothermally treated brewer's spent grain for efficient removal of uranyl and rare earth metal ions." RSC Advances 10, no. 73 (2020): 45116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08164g.

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25

Liu, Pengyun, Zhansheng Wu, Xinyu Ge, and Xia Yang. "Hydrothermal synthesis and microwave-assisted activation of starch-derived carbons as an effective adsorbent for naphthalene removal." RSC Advances 9, no. 21 (2019): 11696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01386e.

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26

Morifuji, Naoto, and Satoru Nakashima. "Hydrothermal Transformation of Inorganic and Biogenic Silica as Studied Using in Situ Hydrothermal Infrared Microspectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 10 (2018): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818771817.

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Infrared (IR) spectral changes with time of biogenic and inorganic silica have been examined using in situ IR micro-spectroscopy by using an original hydrothermal diamond cell. Centric diatoms (diameters = 100–350 µm) and silica gels (C-300, Wako Chemicals) were heated at 125–185 ℃ range with a pressure of 3 MPa. Decreases of 950 cm−1 (Si–OH) peak heights could be fitted by a combination of exponential and linear decreases (y = A1 exp (−k1t) − k0 t + A0). The first-order rate constants k1 [s−1] for Si–OH decreases of diatoms and silica gels are similar but the activation energy was lower for d

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27

Sattayarut, Vichuda, Chalathorn Chanthad, Pongtanawat Khemthong, et al. "Preparation and electrochemical performance of nitrogen-enriched activated carbon derived from silkworm pupae waste." RSC Advances 9, no. 18 (2019): 9878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01090d.

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28

Genli, N., Ö. Şahin, O. Baytar, and S. S. "Synthesis of activated carbon in the presence of hydrochar from chickpea stalk and its characterization." Journal of Ovonic Research 17, no. 2 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2021.172.117.

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In this study, hydrochar was obtained from chickpea stalk by hydrothermal method. Then, activated carbon was synthesized by chemical activation method using ZnCl2 activator in the presence of this hydrochar. The effects of parameters such as impragnation rate (hydrochar/ZnCl2), impragnation rate, activation temperature and activation time on activated carbon synthesis were investigated. The iodine number of the obtained activated carbon was determined and its characterization was performed by SEM, BET, FTIR measurements. It was determined that the highest iodine number of synthesized activated

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29

Mao, Lu, Yu Zhang, Yating Hu, et al. "Activation of sucrose-derived carbon spheres for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes." RSC Advances 5, no. 12 (2015): 9307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11028e.

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Mesoporous carbons were prepared from carbon spheres derived from hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose, followed by KOH activation. Good electrochemical performance was achieved in both aqueous and organic electrolytes.

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Liao, Hai Da, Wei Ping Zhang, Xiao Ming Sun, Jia Qing Meng, Yan Wei, and Jun Tang. "Preparation and Thermodynamic Study of Self-Dispersal Nano-AIOOH." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.100.

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Abstracts: Self-dispersal nano-AlOOH crystal powder was prepared via sol-hydrothermal crystallization and charging method, using aluminum salt and ammonium as raw materials. TEM, XRD and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to study effects of the hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time on precursor’s crystallization and charging, the product’s dispersion property and mean particle size. Thermodynamic and dynamic analysis on the preparation process was carried out. Results and analysis suggested that the influence of hydrothermal temperature on product’s dispersion property was larg

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31

Ali, Monaam Ben, Alexandre Barras, Ahmed Addad, et al. "Co2SnO4 nanoparticles as a high performance catalyst for oxidative degradation of rhodamine B dye and pentachlorophenol by activation of peroxymonosulfate." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 9 (2017): 6569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp08576h.

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Liu, Ruili, Xin Xi, Xia Xing, and Dongqing Wu. "A facile biomass based approach towards hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels." RSC Advances 6, no. 87 (2016): 83613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15185j.

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SUChKOV, V. P. "MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF GYPSUM RAW PROCESSING." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 4 (2011): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.04.16.

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There has been offered the technology for getting high-strength gypsum binder on the bases of the macroexamination of natural gypsum recrystallization process with hydrothermal treatment. Mechanochemical activation of raw material allows to cut the time and to low the temperature of autoclaving and to avoid the binders grinding.

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Suhdi, Suhdi, and Sheng-Chang Wang. "The Production of Carbon Nanofiber on Rubber Fruit Shell-Derived Activated Carbon by Chemical Activation and Hydrothermal Process with Low Temperature." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (2021): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082038.

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Recently, the conversion of biomass into carbon nanofibers has been extensively studied. In this study, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared from rubber fruit shell (RFS) by chemical activation with H3PO4, followed by a simple hydrothermal process at low temperature and without a vacuum and gas catalyst. XRD and Raman studies show that the structure formed is an amorphous graphite formation. From the thermal analysis, it is shown that CNFs have a high thermal stability. Furthermore, an SEM/TEM analysis showed that CNFs’ morphology varied in size and thickness. The obtained results reveal tha

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PEREIRA, VITOR, MILTON FORMOSO, CLAUDIO DUTRA, and ANA FIGUEIREDO. "Os Elementos Terras Raras nas Apatitas do Maciço Alcalino de Anitapolis, SC." Pesquisas em Geociências 23, no. 1-2 (1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.21220.

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The rare Earth elements from apatites of alcaline igneous rocks and carbonatites of Anitápolis were analysed by ICP and neutronic activation. The apatites, from magmatic, hydrothermal and weathering facies, were separated by different techniques. The results display the characteristic pattern from apatites of alkaline rocks in which the light rare earth elements are enriched in comparison with the heavy ones. The hydrothermal apatites are richer in total contents of REE, and also their La / Yb and LREE / HREE ratios are higher. Calculations or enrichment of different LREE led to conclude that

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Song, Eunhye, Seyong Park, Seongkuk Han, Eusil Lee, and Ho Kim. "Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrochar Derived from Cattle Manure." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239195.

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The characteristics of hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar derived from cattle manure including excrements and lignocellulosic biomass were analyzed. The effects of hydrothermal carbonization were evaluated by varying the reaction temperatures in the range of 180~240 °C. The hydrochars were evaluated with respect to their usefulness as renewable fuels via physicochemical analysis and pyrolysis processes. As reaction temperatures increased, the fractions of fixed carbon in proximate analyses, carbon elements in ultimate analyses, and higher heating values of hydrothermally carbonized biochars

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Huang, Jing, Jie Chen, Zhenyao Yin, and Jinggao Wu. "A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 8 (2020): 3284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00211a.

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Yin, Junling, Meishan Pei, Youjun He, Yankai Du, Wenjuan Guo, and Luyan Wang. "Hydrothermal and activated synthesis of adsorbent montmorillonite supported porous carbon nanospheres for removal of methylene blue from waste water." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 89839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17322a.

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Baldina, Elena, Ekaterina Lebedeva, and Nadezhda Anikina. "Activity of geomorphological processes on the slopes of river valleys in the conditions of gas-hydrothermal occurrences (based on multi-temporal images and DEM analysis)." InterCarto. InterGIS 29, no. 1 (2023): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2023-1-29-272-287.

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In the geothermal zones of modern volcanic areas, geomorphological processes are considerably influenced by numerous gas-hydrothermal outcrops, which may dramatically change rock properties and, consequently, denudation peculiarities and rates. The activity of processes on the slopes of Kamchatka river valleys under conditions of gas-hydrothermal occurrences (Geysernaya river valley) and without them (Shumnaya river valley) has been studied and comparatively analyzed. For the most correct separation and comparison of the valley regions which differ in the conditions of development of the moder

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Ding, Zheyuan, Xiuwen Mei, and Xiluan Wang. "All-lignin converted graphene quantum dot/graphene nanosheet hetero-junction for high-rate and boosted specific capacitance supercapacitors." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 9 (2021): 2529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na01024c.

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An all-lignin converted GQDs/Gr hetero-junction was designed by the facile, low-cost, and scalable alkali activation hydrothermal method for high rate and boosted specific capacitance supercapacitors.

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Liu, Siping, Xiujuan Chen, Xiaoli Li, et al. "Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing micro–mesoporous carbon microspheres derived from m-aminophenol formaldehyde resin for supercapacitors with high rate performance." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16608c.

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Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing micro–mesoporous carbon microspheres derived from m-aminophenol formaldehyde resin were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis/carbonization/activation route for high-rate performance supercapacitor application.

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Sun, Junbo, Yufei Wang, Shukui Liu, et al. "Mechanical, chemical and hydrothermal activation for waste glass reinforced cement." Construction and Building Materials 301 (September 2021): 124361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124361.

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Romero-Anaya, A. J., M. A. Lillo-Ródenas, C. Salinas-Martínez de Lecea, and A. Linares-Solano. "Hydrothermal and conventional H3PO4 activation of two natural bio-fibers." Carbon 50, no. 9 (2012): 3158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.031.

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Goñi, S., A. Guerrero, M. P. Luxán, and A. Macı́as. "Activation of the fly ash pozzolanic reaction by hydrothermal conditions." Cement and Concrete Research 33, no. 9 (2003): 1399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00085-1.

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Munn, A. S., P. W. Dunne, S. V. Y. Tang, and E. H. Lester. "Large-scale continuous hydrothermal production and activation of ZIF-8." Chemical Communications 51, no. 64 (2015): 12811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04636j.

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A new method for the large-scale hydrothermal production and activation of ZIF-8 is presented in this communication. Activated ZIF-8 has been produced, at lab-scale and pilot-scale, at a rate of 27 g h<sup>−1</sup> and 810 g h<sup>−1</sup> respectively with the activated material showing a surface area of 1800 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>.

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Hong, Jing, Jia Bao, and Yang Liu. "Removal of Methylene Blue from Simulated Wastewater Based upon Hydrothermal Carbon Activated by Phosphoric Acid." Water 17, no. 5 (2025): 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17050733.

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Cationic dyes pose potential health risks to humans due to their higher toxicity levels. Most current research focuses on the utilization of biomass waste in the preparation of multifunctional materials to mitigate the adverse impact of cationic dye wastewater on the environment. However, conventional methods of biochar preparation require elevated pyrolysis temperatures and greater energy consumption. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the removal of methylene blue (MB) from simulated wastewater using a one-step phosphoric acid activation hydrothermal carbonizati

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Repina, Ksenia. "PARAGENESES OF ORE ELEMENTS IN CARBONATE ROCKS JUNCTION ZONE DONBASS AZOV BLOCK UKRAINIAN SHIELD." SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, no. 3(23)-4(24) 2020 (2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2020-3(23)-4(24)-45-52.

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Purpose. Study geochemical composition and parageneses ore elements in carbonate rocks articulation zones Pryazovskyi crystalline array Donetsk folded structure. Methodology. Complex statistical methods used SPSS / v19.0 for Windows package – namely, correlation and cluster analysis in determining the parageneses of ore elements in carbonate rocks. Results. The article studies carbonate rocks in which ore occurrences and areas of secondary mineralization distribution were previously established. Statistical data processing of semi-quantitative spectral analysis of samples was carried out. The

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R. Joia and M. Atamanov. "N-DOPED ACTIVATED CARBON OBTAINED FROM PLANT WASTE BY DIFFERENT PRODUCTION METHODS FOR ADSORPTION OF CO2." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Chemistry & Biology series, no. 1,2024 (March 29, 2024): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ptmq2993.

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The pressing need to reduce CO2 emissions and combat climate change has spurred a global commitment towards achieving carbon neutrality. While transitioning to renewable energy is pivotal, the limitations in renewable energy production highlight the necessity for alternative approaches. The focus on capturing and sequestering CO2 has led to the exploration of porous solids, including zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and porous carbons. Porous carbons, with their low cost, widespread availability, large surface area, and ease of design, have garnered at

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Wang, Peng, Li Bo Fan, Le Xian Shi, and Bo Fang. "Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1242.

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Temperature dependent photoluminescence of ZnO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method is studied. According to fifteen photoluminescent curves which were measured from 78 K to 288 K with an interval of 15 K, peak energy of exciton emissions, integral intensity of exciton emission peaks and integral intensity of deep-level emission peaks as a function of temperature were studied. The experimental data were fitted by Bose-Einstein relation and thermal activation function. By fitting, some important parameters were obtained and compared, such as the Einstein temperature for the excitons, the

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Zhang, Xuelin, Qingyuan Niu, Yaqing Guo, Xiyan Gao, and Kezheng Gao. "Heteroatom-doped porous carbons derived from moxa floss of different storage years for supercapacitors." RSC Advances 8, no. 30 (2018): 16433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01672k.

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Two novel carbons (MCs) derived from moxa floss of different storage years have been prepared by two low-cost and facile approaches, which are hydrothermal carbonization and direct pyrolysis followed by KOH activation strategy, respectively.

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