Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrothermal time

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrothermal time'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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Arruda, Maria Cecília de, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Ana Luíza Pinheiro, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Michelle Antonio Lochoski, and Raquel Capistrano Moreira. "Hydrothermal treatment favors peeling of 'Pera' sweet orange fruit and does not alter quality." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 2 (April 2008): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000200007.

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Consumer demand for ready-to-eat-products has stimulated the development of new processing techniques to prepare fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to propose a peeling method for 'Pera' oranges (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb.) by using a hydrothermal treatment and to determine its influence on the respiratory activity, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics, as well as on the peeling time. Cooled oranges (6ºC) were immersed in heated water (50ºC) for eight minutes and then, peeled and stored at 6ºC. The internal fruit temperatures taken at 1 and 3 cm depths (from fruit surface) were 15ºC and 10ºC, respectively, at the end of the hydrothermal treatment. Non-hydrothermally-treated peeled oranges were used as control. The peeling time for treated oranges was 3.2 times as short as the time used for the control. The yield of marketable oranges was 95% for hydrothermally-treated oranges versus 60% for control. The respiratory activity of hydrothermally-treated oranges was greater than that of control oranges only during the first hour after peeling. The hydrothermal treatment influenced neither the physicochemical quality (given by soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content) nor fruit flavor. Oranges peeled with the aid of the hydrothermal treatment had better appearance. The hydrothermal treatment makes the peeling of oranges easier and does not affect their respiratory activity or their physicochemical and sensorial qualities.
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Sutarno, Sutarno, and Yateman Arryanto. "PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN THE FORMATION OF FAUJASITE FROM FLY ASH." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21804.

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Faujasite was hydrothermally synthesized from fly ash at 100oC in alkaline solution by reflux with 5M HCl and fusion with NaOH pretreatments. Phase transformation in the formation of faujasite was performed by variation of NaOH/fly ash weight ratios and hydrothermal times. The solid products were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Results showed that faujasite was formed through dissolution of fly ash components such as quartz, mullite and amorphous aluminosilicates followed by crystallization to form faujasite. Arranging the NaOH/fly ash weight ratio as well as hydrothermal time can selectively form faujasite. Faujasite with crystallinity of 97.06%, Si/Al ratio of 2.68, and specific surface area of 452.93 m2/g was successfully formed using NaOH/fly ash weight ratio of 1.2 for hydrothermal time of 72 hours. In more concentrated alkaline solution as well as for longer hydrothermal time, faujasite was completely transformed into hydroxysodalite as the final product. Keywords: fly ash, faujasite, and phase transformation.
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Kamitani, Masataka, Toru Tagami, Takashi Fukaya, Mitsunori Kondo, Tomonori Hiki, and Atsushi Nakahira. "Synthesis of A-Type Zeolite from Flat Glass Recycle by Hydrothermal Treatments and its Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 616 (June 2014): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.616.183.

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Synthesis of monolithic A-type zeolite (LTA) was attempted by hydrothermal processing from recycling flat glass. Crashed flat glass were pretreated and subsequently hydrothermally treated at 95°C for 24 h. As a result, monolithic A-type zeolite without another phase was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal treatments. The synthetic condition was clarified during the pretreatment and hydrothermal treatments. The development of hydrothermal process for recycle of flat glass was carried out since the monolithic A-type zeolite was obtained under the optimum synthetic conditions (reaction temperatures, reaction time and pretreatment conditions etc).
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Yun, Hong, Zhi Guo Zhang, Qun Jie Xu, and Chen Ying Tan. "Enhanced Anticorrosion Properties of SnO2 Coatings in Simulated PEMFC Environments by Hydrothermal Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.793.

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SnO2 coatings were supplied on the surface of 304 stainless steel (304SS) by a sol-gel process followed by hydrothermal treatments at different reaction temperature and time, respectively. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time in pure water on the anticorrosion performances of the SnO2 films in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) environments were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves, open circuit potential-time curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the SnO2 coated 304SS via the hydrothermal treatment showed a better corrosion resistance than the sample without hydrothermal treatment and bare 304SS. The SnO2 coated 304SS hydrothermally treated at 160°C for 3h showed the highest corrosion resistance among the samples. The results have been discussed in terms of surface structure of SnO2 film and its anticorrosion performance in simulated PEMFC environments.
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Choi, Chan Yang, and Jai Won Byeon. "Nondestructive Reliability Monitoring of Zirconia Degraded under Hydrothermal Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.968.

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3%yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3mol% Y2O3-ZrO2, 3Y-TZP) ceramic suffers from low temperature degradation (LTD) during long time use under hydrothermal condition. In this research, an attempt was made for monitoring hydrothermal degradation of the ceramic by using semi-nondestructive X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. In order to simulate accelerated hydrothermal degradation, the specimen was placed under water vapor atmosphere at 134°C, 150°C, and 200°C in an autoclave for various exposure time up to 40 hours. From the X-ray diffraction peak, two feature parameters including intensity ratio and full width at half maximum were determined and observed to increase with hydrothermal exposure time and temperature. The consistent changes in XRD parameters were correlated with the tetragonal-to-monoclinic microstructural change. Based on the established linear correlations with hardness reduction, potentials of the two XRD parameters were suggested for health-monitoring of the hydrothermally exposed 3Y-TZP ceramic.
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Lin, Wen-Hao, Shiuh-Ke Jang Jean, and Chii-Shyang Hwang. "Phase formation and composition of Mn–Zn ferrite powders prepared by hydrothermal method." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0030.

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Mn–Zn ferrite powders were prepared by hydrothermally aging the coprecipitates of compositional metal ions using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitant. R value (alkalinity) = (moles of added OH−)/[(moles of added Zn2+) × 2 + (moles of added Mn2+) × 2 + (moles of added Fe3+) × 3] was introduced to adjust the amount of added ammonia. The results show that the R value of starting suspension and hydrothermal time have similar and dominant effects on the composition, spinel ratio, and crystallite size of synthesized powders. From the analyses of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively-coupled plasma (ICP), it notes that no α–Fe2O3 peak in the XRD patterns of powders synthesized at R = 2–3, 150 °C × 2 h, may be due to lower degree of crystallinity and less amount of α–Fe2O3 existing in these powders. Both the increase of hydrothermal time and of R value can promote the crystallinity of powders and also cause a significant loss of zinc, hinting that in the hydrothermal process, the loss of zinc may play a crucial role in the crystallinity of hydrothermally synthesized powders.
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Yeh, William W. ‐G, Leonard Becker, Shi‐Qian Hua, De‐Pu Wen, and Jian‐Min Liu. "Optimization of Real‐Time Hydrothermal System Operation." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 118, no. 6 (November 1992): 636–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1992)118:6(636).

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Naversen, Christian Øyn, Arild Helseth, Bosong Li, Masood Parvania, Hossein Farahmand, and João P. S. Catalão. "Hydrothermal scheduling in the continuous-time framework." Electric Power Systems Research 189 (December 2020): 106787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106787.

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Srilai, Suphada, Worapak Tanwongwal, Kobchai Onpecth, Thanapat Wongkitikun, Gasidit Panomsuwan, Masayoshi Fuji, and Apiluck Eiad-Ua. "Influence of Crystallization Time for Synthesis of Zeolite A and Zeolite X from Natural Kaolin." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.231.

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Zeolite A and zeolite X was successfully synthesized from natural kaolin from Lampang province using calcination and two-step method of hydrothermal under the optimum conditions. Firstly, metakaolin was achieved by calcining the kaolin at 700 °C for 2 h. Secondly, hydrothermal experiments can be separated into two steps, the high temperature and short time of hydrothermal, metakaolin was mixed with NaOH to form hydrous sodium aluminosilicate, which was dissolved in dilute HCl. After the filtration, adjusted with deionized water to pH = 7 to form an amorphous aluminosilicate gel. Low temperature and longtime of hydrothermal, aluminosilicate gel was mixed with NaOH to form zeolite A and zeolite X. The optimum conditions for synthesis zeolite A is the high temperature and short time of hydrothermal with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 h and low temperature and longtime of hydrothermal with NaOH 1 M at 90 °C for 72 h. The optimum conditions for synthesis zeolite X is the high temperature and short time of hydrothermal with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 h and low temperature and longtime hydrothermal was NaOH 1 M at 90 °C for 120 h. The characterization of zeolite A and zeolite X were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Keywords: Zeolite A, zeolite X, Kaolin, Hydrothermal, Kaolin
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Wang, Jing, Shi Jun, and Xu Bing. "The Effects of Hydrothermal Time on the Microstructure of Hollow Sphere Boehmite." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.440.

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Using aluminum sulfate as precursor and urea as precipitator, hollow sphere boehmite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment on 140°C for 24h. The time effect of as-synthesized product was studied by XRD, SEM and TG, et al. The results show that with the hydrothermal time increasing the product’s phase transformed from sodium sulfate aluminum to amorphous form to mixture phases of sodium sulfate aluminum and boehmite to boehmite. After 24h hydrothermal treatment, the product can completely change to boehmite. With the hydrothermal time increasing, the micromorphology of hydrolysis product experienced the evolution of smooth dense globe to core-shell sphere to hollow sphere.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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McKeogh, Brendan James. "Chemical Changes in Hydrothermal Carbon with Reaction Time." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1029.

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"The increasing global demands for materials and energy directly contributes to the devastating ecological, toxicological, and climate consequences currently observed. Biomass-derived energy and materials offers a sustainable option to meeting current needs and developing novel materials. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising green platform to valorize biomass by forming Hydrochar, a carbon solid. Hydrothermal carbonization converts biomass using liquid phase water at elevated temperatures (180-350 °C), forming organic intermediates, which dehydrate and polymerize to form the solid material on time scales of several hours. Hydrochar shows promise for a wide variety of applications, including aqueous heavy-metal adsorption. The complexity of the hydrochar prevents reliable characterization, hindering a full understanding of how to optimize the material. The focus of this study was to develop spectroscopic methods better understand the material as it changes with reaction time (ex-situ). This study developed IR and Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS) methods. Hydrochars were prepared from glucose (a model for biomass) and were prepared at different reaction times between 3 and 24 hours to understand the formation of the material and how it matures under process conditions (180 °C, autogenous pressure). IR and MS identified hydroxyl and ketone functionalities and aliphatic, furanic, and aromatic moieties, and both techniques indicated decreasing hydroxyl and furan content and increasing methyl and aromatic content. The Raman spectra were consistent with aldehyde-functionalized 1- and 2-ring arenes and aldehyde-functionalized furans, and indicated increasing 2-ring arene content relative to 1-ring arenes. MS showed a significant increase in the aromatic to furan ratio, and MS confirmed the increase in 2-ring arenes relative to 1-ring arenes seen in the Raman. These spectroscopic methods are in good agreement and will allow for greater chemical information in the hydrochar, which will inform the link between material modification under process conditions and application performance."
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Bair, Necia Beck. "A Hydrothermal After-ripening Time Model of Seed Dormancy Loss in Bromus tectorum." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/533.

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After-ripening, the process of seed dormancy loss in dry storage is associated with a decrease in the mean base water potential, one of the parameters of hydrothermal time. The rate of change of the mean base water potential is assumed to be a linear function of temperature above a specific base temperature and as a result can be described by a thermal after-ripening (TAR) time model, an extension of hydrothermal modelling. The thermal requirement for after-ripening is the thermal time necessary for the modelling base water potential of the seed to shift from its original value to its final value. In order to include the effects of water potential on the rate of dormancy loss, a hydrothermal after-ripening (HTAR) time model was developed. Laboratory and field studies were conducted using seeds of Bromus tectorum. These studies identified four important ranges of water potential that influence the rate of dormancy loss. The ranges are identified as follows: seeds experiencing soil water potentials seeds experiencing soil water potentials <-400 MPa do not after-ripen, between -400 MPa and -150 MPa seeds after-ripen as a function of temperature (T) and water potential (Ψ), seeds experiencing water potentials >-150 MPa after-ripen as a linear function of temperature, and somewhere above -40 MPa seeds are too wet to after-ripen. These ranges suggest that specific reaction thresholds associated with non-fully imbibed seeds also apply to the process of after-ripening. The HTAR model for B. tectorum seeds generally improved predictions of dormancy loss in the field under soil conditions that were too dry for TAR alone. Reduced after-ripening rate under extremely dry conditions is ecologically relevant in explaining how seeds may prolong dormancy under high soil temperature conditions.
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Bair, Necia B. "A hydrothermal after-ripening time model of seed dormancy loss in Bromus tectorum /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd487.pdf.

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Jay, Julien P. A. "Modelling the germination of Buddleia Davidii under constant conditions with the hydrothermal time concept." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1100.

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Buddleia davidii is a weed naturalized in New Zealand. It invades radiata pine plantations and causes major growth reduction and economic losses. Modelling its germination for predicting its occurrence will help foresters minimise its influence in forest plantations. Germination experiments have been carried out in laboratory to assess the influence of seed origin, defoliation, temperature and water stress on germination. Defoliation treatments did not significantly affect germination. The pattern of germination for seeds from four different places within New Zealand revealed so little difference that there is no need to define different models according to the site considered. However this similarity in germination pattern is limited to New Zealand and cannot be generalised to other countries where germination appears to be significantly different. The germination of Buddleia davidii seed appeared to be a function of hydrothermal time. The base, optimum and ceiling temperatures for Buddleia are respectively 9, 25 and from 30 to 35?, and Buddleia seed germinate between 0 and approximately -6 bars. In constant conditions, the predicted germination for Buddleia davidii with the thermal time model was limited to sub-optimal temperatures and the hydrotime and hydrothermal time models described well the germination pattern at any temperature and water potential. The modified hydrothermal time model proposed by Alvarado and Bradford (2002) most accurately predicted germination although it tended to overestimate the asymptotes. Overall the hydrothermal time model allowed prediction of actual timing of germination with much accuracy. This threshold model can therefore be used for modelling the germination of Buddleia davidii subjected to constant temperature and water potential conditions.
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Köchy, Martin, and Katja Tielbörger. "Hydrothermal time model of germination : parameters for 36 Mediterranean annual species based on a simplified approach." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1240/.

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Germination rates and germination fractions of seeds can be predicted well by the hydrothermal time (HTT) model. Its four parameters hydrothermal time, minimum soil temperature, minimum soil moisture, and variation of minimum soil moisture, however, must be determined by lengthy germination experiments at combinations of several levels of soil temperature and moisture. For some applications of the HTT model it is more important to have approximate estimates for many species rather than exact values for only a few species. We suggest that minimum temperature and variation of minimum moisture can be estimated from literature data and expert knowledge. This allows to derive hydrothermal time and minimum moisture from existing data from germination experiments with one level of temperature and moisture. We applied our approach to a germination experiment comparing germination fractions of wild annual species along an aridity gradient in Israel. Using this simplified approach we estimated hydrothermal time and minimum moisture of 36 species. Comparison with exact data for three species shows that our method is a simple but effective method for obtaining parameters for the HTT model. Hydrothermal time and minimum moisture supposedly indicate climate related germination strategies. We tested whether these two parameters varied with the climate at the site where the seeds had been collected. We found no consistent variation with climate across species, suggesting that variation is more strongly controlled by site-specific factors.
Keimungsgeschwindigkeit und Anteil gekeimter Samen lassen sich gut mit dem Hydrothermalzeit-Modell bestimmen. Dessen vier Parameter Hydrothermalzeit, Mindesttemperatur, Mindestbodenfeuchte und Streuung der Mindestbodenfeuchte müssen jedoch durch aufwendige Keimungsversuche bei Kombinationen von mehreren Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsstufen bestimmt werden. Für manche Anwendungen des Hydrothermalzeit-Modells sind aber ungefähre Werte für viele Arten wichtiger als genaue Werte für wenige Arten. Wenn die Mindesttemperatur und die Streuung der Mindestfeuchte aus Veröffentlichungen und Expertenwissen geschätzt würde, können die Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestbodenfeuchte aus vorhandenen Daten von Keimungsversuchen mit nur einer Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsstufe berechnet werden. Wir haben unseren Ansatz auf einen Keimungsversuch zum Vergleich der Keimungsquote wilder einjähriger Arten entlang eines Trockenheitsgradienten in Israel angewendet. Mit diesem Ansatz bestimmten wir die Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestfeuchtigkeit von 36 Arten. Der Vergleich mit genauen Werten für drei Arten zeigt, dass mit unserem Ansatz Hydrothermalzeit-Parameter einfach und effektiv bestimmt werden können. Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestfeuchtigkeit sollten auch bestimmte klimabedingte Keimungsstrategien anzeigen. Deshalb testeten wir, ob diese zwei Parameter mit dem Klima am Ursprungsort der Samen zusammenhängen. Wir fanden jedoch keinen für alle Arten übereinstimmenden Zusammenhang, so dass die Unterschiede vermutlich stärker durch standörtliche als durch klimatische Ursachen hervorgerufen werden.
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Lassi, U. (Ulla). "Deactivation Correlations of Pd/Rh Three-way Catalysts Designed for Euro IV Emission Limits:effect of Ageing Atmosphere, Temperature and Time." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269543.

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Abstract The aim of this thesis is the knowledge of the most relevant deactivation mechanisms of Pd/Rh three-way catalysts under different ageing conditions, the deactivation correlation of laboratory scale ageing and engine bench/vehicle ageings, and the evaluation of the deactivation correlation. In the literature review, the phenomena involved in the three-way catalyst operation and its deactivation are considered. In the experimental section, ageing-induced phenomena in the catalyst are studied and deactivation correlations between laboratory scale and engine bench/vehicle ageings are presented, based on the results of several surface characterization techniques. The effects of ageing atmosphere and temperature, and time are considered in particular. Fresh and aged catalysts used in this study were metallic monoliths designed for Euro IV emission limits. Thermal ageings were carried out in the reductive, oxidative and inert atmospheres in the temperature range of 800°C to 1200°C, and in the presence of water vapour (hydrothermal ageing). The engine ageing was carried out in the exhaust gas stream of a V8 engine during a 40 hour period. The ageing procedure composed of rich and stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratios carried out consecutively. The vehicle ageing was accomplished under real driving conditions (100 000 kilometres). According to the results, deactivation of a Pd/Rh monolith is a combination of several ageing phenomena. The most important deactivation mechanisms are the sintering of active phase, the collapse in surface area and ageing-induced solid-solid phase transitions in the bulk washcoat. Furthermore, poisoning is a relevant deactivation mechanism of the vehicle-aged catalyst. High ageing temperature, gas phase composition and exposure time are essential variables to the deactivation of a Pd/Rh three-way catalyst. This thesis presents an approach to discover the deactivation correlation between the laboratory scale ageing and under the vehicle's operation in an engine bench or on-road. Based on the characterization results, the accelerated laboratory scale air ageing does not correspond to the ageing-induced changes in the catalyst under the vehicle's operation. Therefore, there is a need for a modified ageing cycle and according to the results, a deactivation correlation between the laboratory scale ageing and the engine bench ageing can be presented as a function of ageing temperature and atmosphere, and time. Instead, after the vehicle operation, the deactivation correlation cannot be presented based solely on the studied variables because, after 100 000 kilometres of driving, the role of poisoning should be taken into account in the ageing cycle. The results of this thesis can be utilized and applied in the development of laboratory scale ageing cycles, which corresponds closely to the ageing-induced changes in the catalyst during the vehicle operation. This enables a rather fast testing of the catalyst's performance and reduces the cost during the manufacturing of catalysts.
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Leleu, Thomas. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la composition des fluides hydrothermaux (observatoire fond de mer EMSO-Açores, Lucky Strike) : traçage de la circulation hydrothermale et quantification des flux chimiques associés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30023/document.

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Cette thèse présente une étude détaillée de la composition des fluides de haute température du champ hydrothermal de Lucky Strike (37°N, dorsale médio atlantique) s'appuyant sur 3 campagnes d'échantillonnage réalisées dans le cadre de l'observatoire fond de mer EMSO-Açores. Ce champ hydrothermal s'est développé autour d'un lac de lave fossile bordé au Nord-Ouest, Nord Est et Sud Est par des cônes volcaniques plus anciens. En 2013, la découverte du site hydrothermal de Capelinhos à l'Est, et présentant des compositions de fluides inédites à Lucky Strike (concentration faible en Cl et forte en Fe et Mn), nous permet de proposer un nouveau modèle de circulation hydrothermale basé sur l'application de géothermobaromètres (Si ; Si-Cl ; Fe-Mn) chimiques sur 13 évents hydrothermaux. Nous avons défini 5 groupes de sites selon leur chlorinité et leur position par rapport au lac de lave. Les fluides de Capelinhos, dominés par la phase vapeur, sont rapidement extraits de la zone de séparation de phase (estimée à 2600 m sous le plancher océanique). Les fluides à proximité du lac de lave, avec des chlorinités variables, suggèrent un rééquilibrage à des pressions et températures plus faibles qu'à Capelinhos, cohérent avec des processus de refroidissement conductif et/ou d'entrainement de saumures prenant place lors de la remontée des fluides jusqu'à la base de la couche 2A. La fluctuation de la chlorinité témoigne de la variabilité du temps de résidence du fluide dans la zone de remontée, et ses relations avec les caractéristiques physiques de la croûte océanique. Nous avons évalué la variabilité temporelle de la composition des fluides collectés au cours des campagnes effectuées entre 2009 et 2015. Deux échelles de temps sont mises en évidence. (1) l'échelle de l'échantillonnage, i.e. de l'heure, répond à des phénomènes de subsurface, et révèle qu'un fluide hydrothermal refroidi conductivement (T<150°C) est stocké dans la roche poreuse entourant le site de décharge. (2) l'échelle de temps pluri-annuelle montre une fluctuation des conditions de P et T apparentes de la zone de séparation de phase et du degré d'altération du substratum dans la zone de réaction. Les variations intersites du rapport Ca/Na (indicateur du degré d'albitisation) sont dues à la séparation de phase, à l'exception des sites du Sud-Est du lac de lave qui indiquent un degré d'altération plus élevé. La concentration en Li et sa composition isotopique indiquent que le basalte du substratum est relativement frais avec des rapports W/R proches de 1 pour tous les groupes, avec des d7Li du fluide identiques au substratum. Pour le Sr nous calculons des rapports W/R plus élevés, autour de 7-8, qui sont dus au Sr de l'eau de mer initiale qui est partiellement stocké et à la formation de minéraux secondaires(l'albite et l'anhydrite) lors des interactions eau-roche dans le faciès schiste vert. La faible teneur en métaux des fluides situés autour du lac de lave est probablement due à un piégeage en subsurface, équivalent à ~65% du Fe mobilisé dans la zone de réaction (basé sur les teneurs des fluides de Capelinhos). La variabilité de chlorinité des fluides de Lucky Strike offre l'opportunité d'étudier le comportement des terres rares à l'échelle d'un site hydrothermal. Ainsi, nous montrons l'effet de la séparation de phase sur les terres rares légères et lourdes ainsi que le lien entre l'Eu et le cycle géochimique du Sr. Les terres rares dissoutes dans le panache hydrothermal montrent une perte au cours du mélange ainsi que des phénomènes de redissolution visible via la signature isotopique en Nd. Cette modification des compositions isotopiques en Nd de l'eau de mer profonde est similaire au " boundary exchange " observé aux interfaces océan-plateforme continentale. Au vue de la répartition des champs hydrothermaux sur les dorsales océaniques, ce phénomène pourrait avoir un impact sur le bilan océanique du Nd et donner lieu à un phénomène de " ridge exchange "
This thesis present a detailed study of the composition of high temperature fluid from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field (37°N, Mid Ocean Ridge) collected during three sampling campaigns within the framework of the deep sea observatory EMSO-Azores. The hydrothermal field has developped around a fossil lava lake framed by three ancient volcanic cones. In 2013, the discovery of a new active site to the East of the system, and presenting an unprecedented fluid composition at Lucky Strike (low Cl concentration and high Fe and Mn concentration), lead to a new model of hydrothermal circulation based on chemical geothermobarometer (Si; Si-Cl) and geothermometer (Fe-Mn) applied to 13 venting sites. We defined 5 groups of sites based on their chlorinity and location around the lava lake. It appears that vapor-dominated Capelinhos fluids were extracted relatively fast from the phase separation zone (estimated at ~2600mbsf). Nevertheless, fluids in the vicinity of the lava lake, both vapor and brine dominated, display P and T conditions of equilibration lower than for Capelinhos fluids. This highlights on-going equilibration process through conductive cooling and/or brine entrainment in the upflow zone up to the layer 2A of the oceanic crust. Chlorinity variations highlight the varying residence time in the upflow of the fluids between vents which depends on physical characteristics of the crust. We studied the temporal variability of fluid composition collected between 2009 and 2015. Two time scales have been evidenced. The first is the sampling scale, i.e. ~1h, and corresponds to subsurface processes indicating that a hydrothermal fluid, conductively cooled (T<150°C), was stored in the porous substratum close to the discharge. The second is at the scale of the year. It shows fluctuations of P and T conditions in the phase separation and different degree of alteration of the substratum in the reaction zone. Intersites variations of Ca/Na ratios (proxies for albitisation) are related to phase separation expected the South Eastern sites that display a more altered substratum. To avoid this issue, we use Li and Sr isotopes which are not affected phase separation. Li concentration and isotopic composition indicates that basalt substratum is relatively fresh with W/R ratio close to 1 calculated for all groups with d7Li of fluid equivalent to substratum. Sr concentration and isotopic composition suggest higher W/R ratio (~7-8) because of seawater Sr partially removed in the recharge. Moreover, other parameters are at play such as secondary mineral formation (albite, anhydrite) during water rock interaction in the greenschist facies. Because the basalt is relatively fresh, the low metal content in the fluid around the lava lake is due to storage, in the subsurface, of approximately ~60-70% of Fe that is mobilized in the reaction zone compared to Fe-Mn rich Capelinhos fluids. Furthermore, the Cl variability from the fluids at Lucky Strike brings a unique opportunity to study the REE distribution from the reaction zone to the discharge into the deep ocean. We show that the LREE are preferentially concentrated into the brine phase. Furthermore, the Eu is linked to the Sr geochemical cycle. Dissolved REE from buoyant plume fluids highlight a scavenging effect. The Nd isotopic compositions indicate redissolution process. This Nd isotopes modification of the deep seawater is similar to the process of "boundary exchange" that occurs at the ocean/continents interface. Considering the global distribution of submarine hydrothermalism, the Nd modification at the ridge could have an impact on the global Nd cycle in the oceans and act as a "ridge exchange"
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Moore, Tommy S. "Time-series electrochemical studies in the lower Delaware Bay and at the 9 degrees 50' north East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent field." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 137 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654491241&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lehto, Heather L. "Self-Potential Anomalies and CO2 Flux on Active Volcanoes: Insights from Time and Spatial Series at Masaya, Telica, and Cerro Negro, Nicaragua." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002108.

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Weinzierl, Christoph [Verfasser], and Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase. "Mantle melting and hydrothermal circulation at spreading ridges - constraints on the major controls on global element cycles in space and time / Christoph Weinzierl. Gutachter: Karsten Haase." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1083259490/34.

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Books on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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Kadko, David. RADON-222 as a real-time tracer of hydrothermal activity on the Gorda Ridge. Portland, Or: The Dept., 1986.

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Kadko, David. RADON-222 as a real-time tracer of hydrothermal activity on the Gorda Ridge. Portland, Or: The Dept., 1986.

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O'Connor, John M. The evolution of south Atlantic hot spot systems: An integrated geochronological and geochemical investigation. 1991.

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Chavez, Erick H. Detailed space-time-level analysis of miocene hydrothermal Zn-Ag-Au mineralization and alteration, Virginia Area, Huancavelica, Central Peru. 2003, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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Park, Il Song, T. G. Woo, Min Ho Lee, Tae Sung Bae, and Kyeong Won Seol. "Surface Characteristics of the Anodized and Hydrothermally Treated Titanium Affected by the Current Density, Voltage, and Time." In Advanced Materials and Processing IV, 63–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-466-9.63.

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Alsemgeest, Jitse, and Luis F. Auqué. "Effect of initial water composition on thermodynamic modeling of hydrothermal alteration in basalt—A case study of the Vargeão Dome impact structure." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(25).

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ABSTRACT The impact-generated hydrothermal system at Vargeão Dome, Brazil, is a unique potential analogue for impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Mars. Its evolution can be understood through thermodynamic modeling, for which one of the necessary parameters is the composition of the involved water. The exact water composition for Vargeão at the time of the impact is unknown, and, moreover, the effect of this uncertainty is often underestimated in thermodynamic modeling. Here, the effect of initial water composition was tested by using a randomized set of initial solutions for thermodynamic modeling of the evolution of the Vargeão Dome impact-generated hydrothermal system. It was found that even small changes in composition could affect the precipitation of common minerals like calcite and quartz. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a sensitivity analysis for any thermodynamic model in which the initial solution is poorly constrained. Subsequently, the found effects were used to constrain water compositions for the Vargeão Dome system at the time of the impact, by eliminating randomized solutions of models precipitating different minerals from those observed in reality. Using a simple set of rules, it was possible to constrain the total amount of dissolved solids between 6 and 2000 mg/L, as well as provide approximate boundaries for all individual elements present in the solution.
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Berner, Robert A. "Atmospheric O2 over Phanerozoic Time." In The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195173338.003.0008.

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The chemical reactions that affect atmospheric O2 on a multimillion-year time scale involve the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust that undergo oxidation and reduction. This includes carbon, sulfur, and iron. (Other redox elements, such as manganese, are not abundant enough to have an appreciable effect on O2.) Iron is the most abundant of the three, but it plays only a minor role in O2 control (Holland, 1978). This is because during oxidation the change between Fe+2 and Fe+3 involves the uptake of only one-quarter of an O2 molecule, whereas the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate involves two O2 molecules, and the oxidation of reduced carbon, including organic matter and methane, involves between one and two O2 molecules. The same stoichiometry applies to reduction of the three elements. Because iron is not sufficiently abundant enough to counterbalance its low relative O2 consumption/release, the iron cycle is omitted in most discussions of controls on atmospheric oxygen. In contrast, the sulfur cycle, although subsidiary to the carbon cycle as to its effect on atmospheric O2, is nevertheless non-negligible and must be included in any discussion of the evolution of atmospheric O2. In this chapter the methods and results of modeling the long-term carbon and sulfur cycles are presented in terms of calculations of past levels of atmospheric oxygen. The modeling results are then compared with independent, indirect evidence of changes in O2 based on paleobiological observations and experimental studies that simulate the response of forest fires to changes in the levels of O2. Because the sulfur cycle is not discussed anywhere else in this book, it is briefly presented first. The long-term sulfur cycle is depicted as a panorama in figure 6.1. Sulfate is added to the oceans, via rivers, originating from the oxidative weathering of pyrite (FeS2) and the dissolution of calcium sulfate minerals (gypsum and anhydrite) on the continents. Volcanic, metamorphic/hydrothermal, and diagenetic reactions add reduced sulfur to the oceans and atmosphere where it is oxidized to sulfate. Sulfur is removed from the oceans mainly via formation of sedimentary pyrite and calcium sulfate.
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Rickard, David. "Geochemistry of Framboids." In Framboids, 169–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0009.

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The stoichiometry of pyrite in framboids is unknown. The trace element content of framboids has been reported since framboids usually constitute the earliest pyrite phase in a sediment and therefore are more likely to pick up trace element variations in contemporary seawater. The trace element ratios in sedimentary framboids are similar to those in the host shales. Analyses of hydrothermal framboids are fewer, and As, Sb, and Tl appear to be enriched in hydrothermal framboids, with As, Sb, Ni, and Co also being enriched in framboids formed during metamorphism. In contrast with trace element distributions, no spatial variations in sulfur isotopic compositions have been reported within individual framboids. Framboids pick up a more accurate measure of the sulfur isotopic composition of the prevailing dissolved sulfide and are likely to retain this over geologic time. Although it is probable that pyrite framboids collect the local environmental trace element variations, interpretations of the results in terms of paleoenvironmental reconstructions are currently complex. The original sequestration of trace elements is likely to be in part determined by the pyrite crystal chemistry, and there may be a limit to how much of any given trace element can be sequestered by pyrite. This is likely to be enhanced during late diagenesis and early metamorphism and it is not altogether clear how individual trace elements behave over geologic time.
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Phu, Nguyen Huu, Dinh Quang Khieu, and Dang Tuyet Phuong. "The influence of aging time of hydrothermal synthesis on textural properties of Fe-SBA-15 materials." In From Zeolites to Porous MOF Materials - The 40th Anniversary of International Zeolite Conference, Proceedings of the 15th International Zeolite Conference, 1975–80. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(07)81088-3.

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Kaliannan, Jagatheesan, Anand Baskaran, and Nilanjan Dey. "Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller Using Ant Colony Optimization." In Renewable and Alternative Energy, 761–78. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch023.

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In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.
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Weintraub, David A. "Chasing Martians." In Life on Mars, 261–70. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691209258.003.0016.

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This chapter reviews the question of whether life could exist on Mars today as certain conditions must hold true in order for chemically based life to develop and take root. It points out that Mars has ancient, dried-up river valleys, deltas, and lake-like formations, and the Sun shines brightly on Mars. It also describes Mars' abundant supply of atmosphere and soil that supply a handful of bio-essential elements: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The chapter looks at evidence that was summarized in 2016 by Ray Arvidson and James S. McDonnell, which reveals multiple time periods when Mars was warm enough and wet enough for long enough to support life. It mentions the Opportunity rover that explored the ancient wide Endeavor Crater and found that the crater generated a hydrothermal system that would have produced a relatively habitable subsurface environment.
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Iqbal, Prahara, Dicky Muslim, Zufialdi Zakaria, Haryadi Permana, Arifan Jaya Syahbana, Nugroho Aji Satriyo, Yunarto Yunarto, Jakah Jakah, and Nur Khoirullah. "Tropical Volcanic Residual Soil." In Volcanology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98285.

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In West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, tropical volcanic residual soils are formed from weathering of volcanic breccias in hydrothermal alteration areas with a thickness of up to 20 m. This soil has the characteristics of clayey silt, low to high plasticity, brownish-red color, has the potential to swelling, easily eroded, and slide when it is saturated, and contains the minerals kaolinite, halloysite, illite, dickite, nacrite, montmorillonite, despujolsite, hematite, and magnetite. The results showed that this soil can cause corrosion of steel and is widely used by the community as a medium for growing plants and vegetables and as a foundation for infrastructure (for example, houses). The volcanic residual soil of the research area had Low Rare Earth Element (LREE) potential and specific uses. The soil with characteristic low plasticity has Liquid Limit (LL) brine value <50% will be suitable for agriculture purposes, building foundations, and earth construction. At the same time, the other category is soil with intermediate to high plasticity characteristics, which has an Liquid Limit (LL) brine value >50%, was more ideal for the primary forest.
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Rickard, David. "Introduction." In Framboids, 1–20. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0001.

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Framboids are microscopic subspherical clusters of equant and equidimensional microcrystals. They overwhelmingly consist of the mineral pyrite, cubic FeS2. There are about 1030 framboids on Earth and they are forming at a rate of about 1014 per second. They may be the most abundant mineral texture on Earth. Framboids are especially concentrated in sediments, although they are also to be found in the water column and in high temperature systems. The oldest framboids are possibly 2.9 Ga and they are found in all geologic periods from that time. The first framboids were described in 1885 from a peat bog, and the term framboid was coined in 1935. They have fascinated researchers ever since, not least because a substantial fraction of them display astonishing regular microarchitectures where their constituent microcrystals are geometrically ordered. Understanding of the nature of framboids has paralleled technological advances in microscopy, structural and chemical analyses, and computing. The sulfur in sedimentary framboids is almost exclusively sourced from sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the idea that framboids were fossil microorganisms was first propounded in 1923. Subsequently, the limited distribution of organic matter in framboids, its absence in hydrothermal framboids, and inorganic framboid syntheses showed that organisms were not necessary for framboid formation.
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Rickard, David. "Framboid Sizes." In Framboids, 21–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0002.

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Framboid size-frequency plots show log-normal distributions with a geometric mean diameter of 6.0 μ‎m and with 95% of framboids ranging between 2.9 and 12.3 μ‎m. The largest framboids may be 250 μ‎m in diameter, although spherical aggregates of framboids, known as polyframboids, may range up to 900 μ‎m in diameter. Various spherical clusters of nanoparticles have been described which are less than 0.2 μ‎m in diameter. These do not form a continuum with framboids. There is no evidence for any significant change in framboid diameters with geologic time, and the differences in mean sizes between hydrothermal and sedimentary framboids do not, at present, appear to be statistically significant. By contrast, it appears that the mean diameters of framboids from non-marine sediments are significantly larger (7.6 μ‎m) than marine framboids (5.7 μ‎m). There is some evidence that framboids formed in the water column are smaller than those formed in sediments, but the non-critical use of this possible difference as a proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstructions is not robust. So-called microframboids and nanoframboids are discrete entities which are distinct from framboids. They are nanoparticle clusters and are not produced by the same processes as those involved in framboid formation, nor do they behave in the same way. They are more akin to atomic clusters, which form similar constructs.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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Zulkifli, Zulfa Aiza, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, and Wan Nordiana Wan Abdul Rahman. "Effect of hydrothermal reaction time on size of bismuth oxide nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal method." In ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH: Proceedings of the 3rd Advanced Materials Conference 2016 (3rd AMC 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5010448.

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Wan, Feifei, Yong Yin, and Xiaoxi Zhang. "Real-Time Simulation of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluid." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798305.

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Sarrazin, J., P. M. Sarradin, E. Buffier, A. Christophe, G. Clodic, D. Desbruyeres, Y. Fouquet, et al. "A real-time dive on active hydrothermal vents." In OCEANS 2007 - Europe. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2007.4302321.

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Jaruwat, Dolrudee, Parncheewa Udomsap, Nuwong Chollacoop, Masayoshi Fuji, and Apiluck Eiad-ua. "Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time of hydrochar from Cattail leaves." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF EMERGING MATERIALS: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science and Technology of Emerging Materials 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5053192.

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Jang*, Hangilro, Hannuree Jang, and Hee Joon Kim. "IP effects on time-domain electromagnetic responses of deep-sea hydrothermal deposits." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2015-5825918.1.

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Ovstebo, Mari Lund, Christian Oyn Naversen, Arild Helseth, and Hossein Farahmand. "Continuous-time scheduling of a hydrothermal system with integration of offshore wind power." In 2020 17th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem49802.2020.9221980.

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Jang, H., H. Jang, and H. J. Kim. "Feasibility of a Time-domain Electromagnetic Survey for Mapping Deep-sea Hydrothermal Deposits." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413070.

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Treistman, F., M. E. P. Maceira, J. M. Damazio, and C. B. Cruz. "Periodic Time Series Model with Annual Component Applied to Operation Planning of Hydrothermal Systems." In 2020 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pmaps47429.2020.9183472.

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Haryanto, Samuel Andar, and Yano Surya Pradana. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae Tetraselmis chuii: Effect of temperature and reaction time." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0062474.

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Arai, Rei, Natsumi Iwasa, Naoki Nakatani, and Tetsuo Yamazaki. "Method for In-Situ Determination of Concentration of Components in Hydrothermal Environments." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79306.

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In order to take measures against environmental impacts during the process of mining seafloor massive sulfides (SMS), it is important to measure some of the components of hydrothermal origin with high resolution in time and space on-site as well as to understand the ecosystem in the hydrothermal environments. The adoption of spectrophotometry for measuring concentrations of the components, such as H2S and Fe, is proposed in the study. It is necessary to extract the absorbance spectrum of each component from the one of seawater for the first step. Applying a determination method referred to as principal component regression (PCR), the fundamental solution is obtained.
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Reports on the topic "Hydrothermal time"

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Trent, D. S., and L. L. Eyler. TEMPEST: A three-dimensional time-dependence computer program for hydrothermal analysis: Volume 1, Numerical methods and input instructions: Revision 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6396990.

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