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1

Tilli, Aki, Tuomo Hulkkonen, Ossi Kaario, Martti Larmi, Teemu Sarjovaara, and Kalle Lehto. "Biofuel blend late post-injection effects on oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 9 (2017): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417736466.

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In this article, the effects of different biofuel–diesel blends on engine oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance during late post-injections were investigated. The engine tests were made with an off-road diesel engine under low load conditions at 1200 r/min engine speed. During the experiments, oil samples were periodically taken from the engine oil and later analyzed. Emissions and temperatures before and after the diesel oxidation catalyst were also measured. The fuels studied were fossil EN590:2013 diesel fuel, 30 vol.% biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and 30 vol.% hydrot
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2

Tarusov, D. V., V. K. Slakaev, G. S. Mutovkin, et al. "Changing the properties of narrow fractions in the process of hydrotreating light coking gas oil." World of petroleum products 04 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41.

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Currently, the main products of the delayed coking plant in the Russian Federation (after hydrotreating) are gasoline and diesel fuel summer. The paper presents the results of a study of the properties of narrow fractions of coking gas oil and hydrotreated coking gas oil, which showed the prospect of organizing production based on the coking process of more marginal aviation kerosene and winter diesel fuel. The separation of products into narrow 20 degree fractions was carried out on an automatic distillation unit AUTOMAXX 9100. The dependences of nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, density, and low-
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3

Glebov, L. S., and E. V. Glebova. "Pyrolysis of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil." Petroleum Chemistry 55, no. 3 (2015): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544115020103.

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4

Butsykina, Ekaterina R., Natalia N. Gerasimova, Ekaterina A. Shaleva, and Nadezhda I. Krivtsova. "Nitrogen-containing compounds of Kazakhstan petroleum vacuum gas oil." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, no. 12 (2023): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/12/4217.

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Relevance. The need to accumulate data on nitrogen-containing compounds of heavy fractions, the share of which in secondary oil refining is steadily increasing every year. With the weight of raw materials the amount of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing components in it increases. The high content of heteroatomic compounds has a negative impact on catalytic processing, the quality and performance characteristics of the products obtained, and the environment. One of the widespread processes for upgrading crude oil, in particular, vacuum gas oil, is hydrotreating. However, during the catal
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5

Mohammed, Abdul Halim A. K., Hussaiin K. Hussaiin, and Tariiq M. Naiieff. "PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BINDER FROM IRAQI ASPHALT." Journal of Engineering 12, no. 01 (2006): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2006.01.16.

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Basrah crude oil Vacuum residue 773+ K with specific gravity 1.107 and 4.87wt. % sulfur, wastreated with hexane commercial fraction provided from Al-Taji Gas Company for preparingdeasphaltened oil(DAO)suitable for hydrotreating process.Deasphaltening was carried out with 1h mixing time, 10ml:1g solvent to oil ratio and at roomtemperature. Hexane deasphaltened oil was hydrotreated on presulfied commercial Co-Mo/ 2 3 g − Al O catalyst in a trickle bed reactor. The hydrotreating process was carried out at temperature 660 K,LHSV 1.3h –1, H2/oil ratio 300 l/l and constant pressure of 4MPa. The hydr
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6

Ibraheem, Muzher M., Abdulhaleem A. Mohammad, and Ayser T. Jarullah. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Sulfur and Metal Content of Basrah Crude Oil." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 16, no. 2 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.16.2.04.

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In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with incre
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7

Zhang, Ying, Xiu Chen, Linzhou Zhang, Quan Shi, Suoqi Zhao, and Chunming Xu. "Specification of the nitrogen functional group in a hydrotreated petroleum molecule using hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry." Analyst 145, no. 13 (2020): 4442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00772b.

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8

ISKENDIROV, B. ZH, G. F. SAGITOVA, S. Т. TANASHEV, and А. U. SARSENBAYEVA. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUES ON THE YIELDS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PRODUCTS." Neft i Gaz, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2023-1.11.

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The results of the study of the process of catalytic cracking of fuel oil on a microspherical zeolite-containing catalyst showed that the cracking of a mixture consisting of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (85% by weight) and sulfurous fuel oil (15% by weight) leads to an increase in the yield of catalytic distillate by 5.4 – 7.7% by weight, for a mass feed rate of 2 and 4 hours 1, respectively. At the same time, there is a change in the output of all distillate components compared to their output from pure vacuum gas oil. A decrease in coke deposition on the catalyst by 1.9 – 2.6% by weight and a
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9

Han, S., X. Cheng, S. Ma, and T. Ren. "Light Stability Improvement of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Oil." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 14 (2010): 1326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802654020.

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10

Huang, T., X. G. Cheng, H. Gao, and R. X. Liang. "Composition of Floccules Formed in Hydrotreated Base Oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (2009): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460701853952.

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11

Liu, Yong-Jun, and Zhi-Feng Li. "Structural Characterisation of Asphaltenes during Residue Hydrotreatment with Light Cycle Oil as an Additive." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/580950.

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Several atmospheric residues (AR) of Kuwaiti crude, in the absence, or in the presence, of light cycle oil (LCO) as an aromatic additive, were hydrotreated in an experimental plant. Asphaltenes (precipitated from Kuwaiti AR, a hydrotreated AR, and a hydrotreated blend of AR and LCO) were characterised by chemical structure and changes during residue hydrotreatment. The average structural parameters of these asphaltenes, obtained from a combined method of element analysis, average molecular weight, X-ray diffraction, and NMR, demonstrate that, after hydrotreatment, the aromatic cores of the asp
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12

Valeika, Gintaras, Jonas Matijošius, Olga Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, Antoni Świć, and Karol Tucki. "Smoke Formation during Combustion of Biofuel Blends in the Internal Combustion Compression Ignition Engine." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093682.

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The proposed changes to the legislation on diesel cars require intensification of work on the possibilities of reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by these vehicles. The subject of experimental research included in the manuscript was the Skoda Octavia with a 1.9 TDI (turbocharged direct injection) compression ignition engine (type 1Z). Light absorption measurements of smokiness of the exhaust gases emitted after combustion of various biofuels (conventional diesel, pure hydrotreated vegetable oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, biobutanol) and their blends with fossil dies
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13

Zeman, Petr, Vladimír Hönig, Martin Kotek, et al. "Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil as a Fuel from Waste Materials." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040337.

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Biofuels have become an integral part of everyday life in modern society. Bioethanol and fatty acid methyl esters are a common part of both the production of gasoline and diesel fuels. Also, pressure on replacing fossil fuels with bio-components is constantly growing. Waste vegetable fats can replace biodiesel. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) seems to be a better alternative. This fuel has a higher oxidation stability for storage purposes, a lower temperature of loss of filterability for the winter time, a lower boiling point for cold starts, and more. Viscosity, density, cold filter plugging
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14

YOSHIDA, Ryoichi, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Hideo NARITA, et al. "Chemical characterization of shale oil and its hydrotreated product." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 68, no. 12 (1989): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.68.12_1064.

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15

CLARK, CHARLES R., PAUL W. FERGUSON, MARK A. KATCHEN, and DOUGLAS K. CRAIG. "Two-Generation Reproduction Study of Hydrotreated Shale Oil Vapors." Toxicological Sciences 18, no. 2 (1992): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/18.2.227.

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16

Trejo, Fernando, and Jorge Ancheyta. "Characterization of Asphaltene Fractions from Hydrotreated Maya Crude Oil." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 23 (2007): 7571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0700213.

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17

Sheng, Han, Ma Shujie, Qiu Feng, and Tianhui Ren. "Thermal stability improvement of hydrotreated naphthenic lube base oil." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 45, no. 3 (2009): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-009-0114-x.

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18

CLARK, C. "Two-generation reproduction study of hydrotreated shale oil vapors." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 18, no. 2 (1992): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(92)90050-r.

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19

Abbas, Abdullah A., Abdul A.-K. Mohammed, and Abdul Selam K. Al-Mayah. "Analytical characterization of reduced crude oil and hydrotreated products." Fuel 66, no. 6 (1987): 864–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90138-4.

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20

Han, Sheng, Chao Qiu, Xingguo Cheng, Shujie Ma, and Tianhui Ren. "Compositional Changes in Hydrotreated Naphthenic Oil under Ultraviolet Radiation." Petroleum Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (2006): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200041203.

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21

Shkol'nikov, V. M., V. Z. Zlotnikov, S. P. Rogov, et al. "Production of lube oil base stock from hydrotreated feed." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 22, no. 9 (1986): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00722285.

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22

Garraín, Daniel, Yolanda Lechón, and Marta Santamaría. "Environmental externalities assessment of a palm hydrotreated vegetable oil." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 4 (2016): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1100-8.

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23

Hilbers, Tim J., Lisette M. J. Sprakel, Leon B. J. van den Enk, Bart Zaalberg, Henk van den Berg, and Louis G. J. van der Ham. "Green Diesel from Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Process Design Study." Chemical Engineering & Technology 38, no. 4 (2015): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201400648.

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24

Chen, Shih-Yuan, Takehisa Mochizuki, Masayasu Nishi, Hideyuki Takagi, Yuji Yoshimura, and Makoto Toba. "Hydrotreating of Jatropha-derived Bio-oil over Mesoporous Sulfide Catalysts to Produce Drop-in Transportation Fuels." Catalysts 9, no. 5 (2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050392.

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The bio-oil was largely produced by thermal pyrolysis of Jatropha-derived biomass wastes (denoted as Jatropha bio-oil) using a pilot plant with a capacity of 20 kg h-1 at Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Thailand. Jatropha bio-oil is an unconventional type of bio-oil, which is mostly composed of fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid amides, and derivatives, and consequently, it contains large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen ~20 wt.%, nitrogen ~ 5 wt.%, sulfur ~ 1000 ppm.). The heteroatoms, especially nitrogen, are highly poisonous to the metal or
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25

Bedda, Kahina, Boudjema Hamada, Nikolay Kuzichkin, and Kirill Semikin. "Extractive purification of hydro-treated gas oil with N-methylpyrrolidone." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 1 (2017): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160523004b.

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The purification of a hydrotreated gas oil by liquid-liquid extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone as solvent has been studied. The results showed that this method, under appropriate experimental conditions, has reduced sulphur content of the gas oil from 174 ppm to 28 ppm, nitrogen content has decreased from 58 ppm to 15 ppm, aromatics content has diminished from 27.1 % to 13.8 % and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were totally extracted. The refined gas oil obtained can be used to produce clean diesel fuel for the environment.
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26

Mulyono, Ary Budi, Bambang Sugiarto, Muchammad Taufiq Suryantoro, et al. "Effect of hydrotreating in biodiesel on the growth of deposits in the combustion chamber as a solution for the deposits reduction in the usage of biodiesel." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702014.

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The usage of biodiesel has been encouraged by government based on the issuance of The Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015 on the supply, utilization, and administration of biofuels as other alternative fuels. This regulation sets mandatory biodiesel mixture by 30 percent for national energy consumption by 2025. But the usage of biodiesel with a larger percentage in diesel engines still leaves some problems with the decline of biodiesel fuel quality and the formation of deposits in combustion chamber and injectors. The purpose of this study is to compare biodiesel
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27

Arvidsson, Rickard, Sara Persson, Morgan Fröling, and Magdalena Svanström. "Life cycle assessment of hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape, oil palm and Jatropha." Journal of Cleaner Production 19, no. 2-3 (2011): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.02.008.

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28

Jarallah, Aysar Talip. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Aromatic Content at Basrah Crude Oil Hydrotreating." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 1 (2007): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.14.1.04.

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In Trickle Bed Reactor Basrah crude oil was hydrotreated using a common hydrotreating catalyst (Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3) . The operating conditions of this treating was, temperature (600 – 675 K) , Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) (0.6 – 1.9 hr-1) , constant pressure (3 Mpa) and H2/Oil ratio 300 L/L were performed. Experiments results show that aromatic content was reduced as temperature increases and LHSV decreases, as well as the aromatic saturation were greatly enhanced at the same condition .
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29

Baldauf, Emanuel, Anika Sievers, and Thomas Willner. "Heterogeneous catalysts for the production of hydrotreated cracked vegetable oil." Biofuels 8, no. 5 (2016): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1236005.

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30

Jokuty, Paula L., and Murray R. Gray. "Resistant nitrogen compounds in hydrotreated gas oil from Athabasca bitumen." Energy & Fuels 5, no. 6 (1991): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00030a004.

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31

Woods, J. R., J. Kung, J. Adjaye, L. S. Kotlyar, B. D. Sparks, and K. H. Chung. "Characterization of a Gas Oil Fraction and Its Hydrotreated Products." Petroleum Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (2004): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-120024391.

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32

Han, S., H. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Cheng, S. Ma, and T. Ren. "Discoloration of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Base Oil at High Temperature." Petroleum Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (2007): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200056831.

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33

Ershov, Mikhail A., Vsevolod D. Savelenko, Alisa E. Makhmudova, et al. "Technological Potential Analysis and Vacant Technology Forecasting in Properties and Composition of Low-Sulfur Marine Fuel Oil (VLSFO and ULSFO) Bunkered in Key World Ports." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (2022): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121828.

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Analysis of the very-low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) and ultra-low-sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO) bunkered in key ports in Asia, the Middle East, North America, Western Europe, and Russia is presented. The characteristics of said fuels, including density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, aluminum and silicon content, vanadium and nickel content, as well as pour point are investigated. Furthermore, the main trends and correlations are also discussed. Based on the graphical and mathematical analysis of the properties, the composition of the fuels is predicted. The key fuel components in Asian ports, th
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34

Vorob’ev, A. M., N. S. Belinskaya, D. A. Afanasieva, et al. "Mathematical Modeling of the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreatment." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 22, no. 5 (2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2022-5-40-52.

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Thermochemical properties of molecules and thermodynamic characteristics of vacuum distillate hydrotreatment were calculated by quantumchemical methods. A kinetic model of the hydrotreatment process was developed using a formalized transformation scheme of hydrocarbons. The developed kinetic model was employed in numerical studies aimed to estimate the effect of the feedstock composition on the residual content of heteroatomic components in the product of vacuum gas oil hydrotreatment, the effect of temperature on the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen and sulfur in the hydrotreatment
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35

Phimsen, Songphon, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Hiroshi Yamada, et al. "Oil extracted from spent coffee grounds for bio-hydrotreated diesel production." Energy Conversion and Management 126 (October 2016): 1028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.085.

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36

Han, S., H. Lin, and T. Ren. "Compositional Changes of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Base Oil Under High Temperature." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (2009): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460802096337.

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37

Fabio de Sousa Santos, Marcelo A. Moret, and Lilian Lefol Nani Guarieiro. "Techniques Used for Determining the Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Presence in Diesel." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 5, no. 4 (2023): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v5i4.261.

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Determining HVO content in diesel is essential for fuel quality control and other important aspects, so studying the techniques used for this purpose is necessary. In this article, the authors did a systematic review to determine the techniques used to define HVO in diesel and the efficiency of each technique. The results of the study showed that the use of techniques that are based on measuring the amount of C14 radiocarbon in the sample have good efficiency, but concerning the cost and time used to perform the exams, FTIR spectroscopy together with the use of Chemometric techniques is an exc
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38

Sobati, M. A., A. M. Dehkordi, and M. Shahrokhi. "Extraction of Oxidized Sulfur-Containing Compounds of Non-Hydrotreated Gas Oil." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 9 (2010): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200900622.

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39

Zahos-Siagos, Iraklis, and Dimitrios Karonis. "Exhaust Emissions and Physicochemical Properties of Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oils in Blends with Diesel Fuel." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4308178.

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Hydroprocessing of liquid biomass is a promising technology for the production of “second generation” renewable fuels to be used in transportation. Its products, normal paraffins, can be further hydrotreated for isomerization in order to improve their cold flow properties. The final product, usually referred to as “paraffinic diesel,” is a high cetane number, clean burning biofuel which is rapidly gaining popularity among researchers and the industry. Nevertheless, the costly isomerization step can be omitted if normal paraffins are to be directly mixed with conventional diesel in low concentr
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40

Tarusov, D. V., A. N. Karpov, and D. V. Borisanov. "Oil Products for Northern Territories on the Basis of Delayed Coking Process." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 637, no. 3 (2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2023-637-3-8-14.

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Possible risks of summer and inter-season fuel overproduction at the Russian Federation oil refineries are reviewed. Comprehensive analysis of properties of coking light gas oil narrow fractions hydrotreated at hydrogen pressure of 80 atm is conducted. Dependences of changes in density, cloud point, chilling point, content of aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen on weighting of fraction composition are considered. Based on the received data the components of jet fuel, winter and summer diesel fuel were compounded from narrow fractions. Received blends are analyzed for compliance with the
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41

Karaba, Adam, Jan Patera, Petra Dvorakova Ruskayova, Héctor de Paz Carmona, and Petr Zamostny. "Experimental Evaluation of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils as Novel Feedstocks for Steam-Cracking Process." Processes 9, no. 9 (2021): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091504.

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Hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVOs) are currently a popular renewable energy source, frequently blended into a Diesel-fuel. In the paper, HVO potential as feedstock for the steam-cracking process was investigated, since HVOs promise high yields of monomers for producing green polymers and other chemicals. Prepared HVO samples of different oil sources were studied experimentally, using pyrolysis gas chromatography to estimate their product yields in the steam-cracking process and compare them to traditional feedstocks. At 800 °C, HVOs provided significantly elevated ethylene yield, higher yield
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42

CHAO, Qiu, Han SHENG, Xingguo CHENG, and Tianhui REN. "Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Hydrotreated Transformer Base Oil by Potentiometric Titration." Analytical Sciences 21, no. 6 (2005): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.21.721.

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43

YONAHA, Masaki, Takayuki MATSUMOTO, Kotaro TANAKA, and Mitsuru KONNO. "G071041 Influence of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Blending on Diesel Fuel Solidification Charactersitics." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _G071041–1—_G071041–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._g071041-1.

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44

Han, S., Q. Chao, and T. Ren. "Separation and Characterization of Trace Phosphorus Compounds in Hydrotreated Lube Base Oil." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 31, no. 9 (2009): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030701752701.

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45

Christensen, Earl D., Gina M. Chupka, Jon Luecke, et al. "Analysis of Oxygenated Compounds in Hydrotreated Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil Distillate Fractions." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 11 (2011): 5462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201357h.

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46

Ellis, John, and Jurgen Korth. "Removal of nitrogen compounds from hydrotreated shale oil by adsorption on zeolite." Fuel 73, no. 10 (1994): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90133-3.

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47

Luo, Yan, El Barbary Hassan, Vamshi Guda, Rangana Wijayapala, and Philip H. Steele. "Upgrading of syngas hydrotreated fractionated oxidized bio-oil to transportation grade hydrocarbons." Energy Conversion and Management 115 (May 2016): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.051.

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48

Hemanandh, J., and K. V. Narayanan. "Emission and Performance analysis of hydrotreated refined sunflower oil as alternate fuel." Alexandria Engineering Journal 54, no. 3 (2015): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.04.004.

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49

Bjørgen, Karl Oskar Pires, David Robert Emberson, and Terese Løvås. "Combustion and soot characteristics of hydrotreated vegetable oil compression-ignited spray flames." Fuel 266 (April 2020): 116942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116942.

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Lindfors, Christian, Ville Paasikallio, Eeva Kuoppala, Matti Reinikainen, Anja Oasmaa, and Yrjö Solantausta. "Co-processing of Dry Bio-oil, Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil, and Hydrotreated Bio-oil in a Micro Activity Test Unit." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 6 (2015): 3707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00339.

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