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1

Contreras, Serge, René Lucas, Jean-Pierre Bastide, et al. "Irréversibilités magnétiques dans un hydrure métallique : Li2BeH4." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics-Physics-Chemistry-Astronomy 324, no. 10 (1997): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8069(97)83183-1.

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2

Ruel, Gáraldine, Ke The Ngo, Gilles Dumartin, Bernard Delmond, and Michel Pereyre. "Un nouvel hydrure organostannique greffé sur support insoluble." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 444, no. 1-2 (1993): C18—C20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(93)83087-c.

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3

-VASSAL, Nathaly. "Perspectives des accumulateurs nickel/hydrure métallique à électrolyte polymère." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 08 (1999): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1999.092.

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4

Ferkous, F., D. Messadi, B. De Jeso, M. Degueil-Castaing, and B. Maillard. "Synthèse et réactivité d'un nouvel hydrure organostannique à “queue polaire”: le dibutyl-4,7,10-trioxaundécylstannane." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 420, no. 3 (1991): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(91)86458-3.

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5

Tursch, B., C. Bartholomé, D. Daloze, and G. Chiurdoglu. "Triterpénes XV [1]. Réductions De Diène-Diones Oléanèniques Par L‚Hydrure De Lithium-Aluminium." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 77, no. 7-8 (2010): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19680770706.

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6

Monteiro, Nuno, Jacques Gore, and Geneviève Balme. "Formation de derives cyclopentaniques assistee par une espece hydrure de palladium : Aspects synthetiques et mecanisme." Tetrahedron 48, no. 46 (1992): 10103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89040-2.

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7

Chaise, Albin, Philippe Marty, Patricia De Rango, and Daniel Fruchart. "Modélisation de l'absorption et de la désorption de l'hydrogène dans un réservoir à hydrure de magnésium activé." Mécanique & Industries 8, no. 3 (2007): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca:2007045.

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8

Bohra, Anupama, Pradeep K. Sharma, and Kalyan K. Banerji. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Aliphatic Aldehydes by Benzyltrimethylammonium Chlorobromate." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 5 (1999): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902300506.

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9

Mahmoud, Mahmoud R., Manal M. El-Shahawi, Eman A. A. El-Bordany, and Fatma S. M. Abu El-Azm. "Synthesis and reactions of indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione derivatives." Journal of Chemical Research 2008, no. 11 (2008): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823408x360364373.

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Indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione was prepared using the readily obtainable starting materials via the condensation of dimethyl homophthalate with 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydride in dry benzene followed by saponification and cyclisation with concentrated sulfuric acid at 0°C. The tendency of indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione for undergoing nucleophilic addition has been tested by reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles such as hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl carbazate, cyanoacetic acid hydrazide, thiosemicarbazide and 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide.
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10

Hatakeyama, Keisuke, Hiroki Sakaguchi, Kenta Ogawa, Hiroshi Inoue, Chiaki Iwakura, and Takao Esaka. "Solid-state metal-hydride batteries using heteropolyacid hydrate as an electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 124, no. 2 (2003): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(03)00741-9.

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11

Sakaguchi, Hiroki, Keisuke Hatakeyama, Taku Yamaguchi, Hirosh Inoue, Chiaki Iwakura, and Takao Esaka. "Solid-state metal hydride secondary batteries using heteropolyacid hydrate as an electrolyte." Research on Chemical Intermediates 32, no. 5 (2006): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856706777973817.

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12

Dou, Bin, Lei Ren, and Hai Sheng Liu. "Rock Thermal Conductivity of Natural Gas Hydrate Deposits in the Muli Basin of Chinese Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1394.

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This study reports laboratory measured thermal conductivity values of sandstones from 4 wells (predominantly hydrae exploration boreholes). The objective of the present work is to report the values of the thermal conductivity that were measured in the cores from the borehole that was estimated for the geological formations intercepted by it. The measurements were made on drill cores using the guarded parallel-plate apparatus at a temperature range from 285 to 290 K at Atmospheric pressure. Bulk thermal conductivities of sandstones corrected for in site thermal conditions range between 2.1 and
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13

HATAKEYAMA, Keisuke, Hiroki SAKAGUCHI, Taku YAMAGUCHI, Hiroshi INOUE, Chiaki IWAKURA, and Takao ESAKA. "Improved Performance of Solid-State Metal Hydride Batteries Using Heteropolyacid Hydrate as an Electrolyte." Electrochemistry 72, no. 10 (2004): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.72.697.

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14

Odening, Von Klaus, and Josef Zipper. "Zur Ultrastruktur von Sarcocystis hydrurgae in. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea) aus Hydrurga leptonyx (Carnivore : Phocidae)." Archiv für Protistenkunde 131, no. 1-2 (1986): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(86)80060-4.

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15

V Kotalkar L, R. "Characterization of Manganese Nitrate Hydrate Synthesized with Dopant Zinc Nitrate Hydrate Using the Co-Precipitation Method." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 4 (2024): 1192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24414115517.

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16

Lee, Chang-Hyun, Hyo-Soon Shin, Dong-Hun Yeo, Gook-Hyun Ha, and Sahn Nahm. "The Synthesis Mechanism of BaTiO3Nano Particle at Low Temperature by Hydrate Salt Method." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 27, no. 12 (2014): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2014.27.12.852.

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17

Yun, Rin, Benedict Prah, and Kwangbin Lee. "CFD Modelling of CO₂ Hydrate Formation in the Presence of Additives." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 33, no. 12 (2021): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2021.33.12.645.

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18

M, Bazvand. "A New Inhibitor to Prevent Hydrate Formation." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000251.

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Due to the growing demand for energy as well as the depletion of shallow land reservoirs, it sounds more important to utilize deep sea reservoirs. Due to their special conditions, drilling and production of these reservoirs face more problems. The science that helps us avoiding problems during operation is called flow assurance. One of the important issues in flow assurance is to prevent formation of gas hydrates. One of gas hydrates preventing methods is to use of inhibitors. Using of inhibitors is a cost- effective and eco-friendly method; so, it is used more nowadays. This paper introduces
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19

Zhao, Jinhuan, Changling Liu, Qiang Chen, et al. "Experimental Investigation into Three-Dimensional Spatial Distribution of the Fracture-Filling Hydrate by Electrical Property of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103537.

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As a future clean energy resource, the exploration and exploitation of natural gas hydrate are favorable for solving the energy crisis and improving environmental pollution. Detecting the spatial distribution of natural gas hydrate in the reservoir is of great importance in natural gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. Fracture-filling hydrate, one of the most common types of gas hydrate, usually appears as a massive or layered accumulation below the seafloor. This paper aims to detect the spatial distribution variation of fracture-filling hydrate in sediments using the electrical property
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20

Li, Sheng-Li, You-Hong Sun, Kai Su, Wei Guo, and You-Hai Zhu. "Numerical simulation of CH4 hydrate formation in fractures." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 5 (2018): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598717751180.

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Fracture-hosted methane hydrate deposits exist at many sites worldwide. The growth behavior of CH4 hydrate in fractured media was simulated by TOUGH + HYDRATE (T + H) code. The effects of fracture size, initial condition, and salinity on the growth behavior of hydrate in fractures were investigated. In general, the hydrate layer grew from the two ends and gradually covered on the surface of the fracture. With the formation of hydrate in fractures, the temperature increased sharply since the hydrate acted as a thermal insulation layer. In longer fractures, fast growth of hydrate at the ends of
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21

Bu, Qingtao, Tongju Xing, Gaowei Hu, et al. "Methane Flux Effect on Hydrate Formation and Its Acoustic Responses in Natural Sands." Geofluids 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7746386.

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The acoustic properties of hydrate deposits are important parameters for hydrate geophysical exploration, and the gas leakage model plays a very important role in hydrate accumulation systems. In order to reflect the gas supply environment during hydrate formation, a high-pressure device with a simulated leakage system was designed to achieve different methane flux supplies. The effects of different methane fluxes on the hydrate formation rate and the maximum hydrate saturation were obtained. The results in this study indicate that similar hydrate formation rates occur in systems with differen
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22

Wu, Qi, Yingjie Zhao, Norimasa Yoshimoto, et al. "Strain Rate-Dependent Mechanical Response of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments under Plane Strain Condition." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (2023): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061161.

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Natural gas hydrate has gained significant attention in recent years. To safely and sustainably exploit the natural gas from gas hydrate-bearing sediments, it is crucial to understand the long-term mechanical characteristics of the hydrate reservoir. In this study, the influence of hydrate and fine particles on the strain rate dependence of hydrate-bearing sediments under plane strain conditions has been studied. The experimental results show that the strain rate dependency of the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments is positively correlated with hydrate saturation instead of the
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23

Shirota, Hideyuki, and Susumu Ota. "Experimental Study on Dissociation Rate and Dissociation Limit Temperature of Methane Hydrate Pellets for Seaborne Transport of Natural Gas Hydrate Pellets." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 45, no. 6 (2010): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.45.899.

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24

Bu, Qingtao, Tongju Xing, Chengfeng Li, et al. "Effect of Hydrate Microscopic Distribution on Acoustic Characteristics during Hydrate Dissociation: An Insight from Combined Acoustic-CT Detection Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (2022): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081089.

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Geophysical detection techniques are important methods in marine gas hydrate exploration and monitoring, because the small-scale distribution of hydrates has a large impact on the wave velocity. The acoustic response characteristics of hydrate micro-distributions have strong significance for monitoring the hydrate dissociation process. In this paper, experiments simulating the hydrate dissociation process were carried out in a self-developed experimental device combining X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) scanning and ultrasonic detection, which allowed the acoustic wave characteristics and X-CT
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25

Sahoo, Sourav K., Laurence J. North, Hector Marín-Moreno, Tim A. Minshull, and Angus I. Best. "Laboratory observations of frequency-dependent ultrasonic P-wave velocity and attenuation during methane hydrate formation in Berea sandstone." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (2019): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz311.

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SUMMARY Knowledge of the effect of methane hydrate saturation and morphology on elastic wave attenuation could help reduce ambiguity in seafloor hydrate content estimates. These are needed for seafloor resource and geohazard assessment, as well as to improve predictions of greenhouse gas fluxes into the water column. At low hydrate saturations, measuring attenuation can be particularly useful as the seismic velocity of hydrate-bearing sediments is relatively insensitive to hydrate content. Here, we present laboratory ultrasonic (448–782 kHz) measurements of P-wave velocity and attenuation for
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26

Kvamme, Bjørn, Richard B. Coffin, Jinzhou Zhao, et al. "Stages in the Dynamics of Hydrate Formation and Consequences for Design of Experiments for Hydrate Formation in Sediments." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173399.

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Natural gas hydrates in sediments can never reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Every section of any hydrate-filled reservoir is unique and resides in a stationary balance that depends on many factors. Fluxes of hydrocarbons from below support formation of new hydrate, and inflow of water through fracture systems leads to hydrate dissociation. Mineral/fluid/hydrate interaction and geochemistry are some of the many other factors that determine local hydrate saturation in the pores. Even when using real sediments from coring it is impossible to reproduce in the laboratory a natural gas hydrate rese
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27

Wei, Ruchun, Lele Liu, Chao Jia, et al. "Undrained Triaxial Shear Tests on Hydrate-Bearing Fine-Grained Sediments from the Shenhu Area of South China Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8 (2023): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081604.

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Changes in undrained shear strength are important to the stability analysis of hydrate reservoirs during natural gas hydrate production. This study proposes a prediction model of undrained shear strength of hydrate-bearing fine-grained sediments based on the critical state theory. Several consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests are conducted on hydrate-bearing fine-grained samples from the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. The effects of effective consolidation stresses and hydrate saturations on the undrained shear strength are investigated. The results show that the undrained shear str
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28

Zhang, Zijian, De-hua Han, and Daniel R. McConnell. "Characterization of elastic properties of near-surface and subsurface deepwater hydrate-bearing sediments." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 3 (2013): D169—D179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0385.1.

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Hydrate-bearing sands and shallow nodular hydrate are potential energy resources and geohazards, and they both need to be better understood and identified. Therefore, it is useful to develop methodologies for modeling and simulating elastic constants of these hydrate-bearing sediments. A gas-hydrate rock-physics model based on the effective medium theory was successfully applied to dry rock, water-saturated rock, and hydrate-bearing rock. The model was used to investigate the seismic interpretation capability of hydrate-bearing sediments in the Gulf of Mexico by computing elastic constants, al
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Kvamme, Bjørn, Jinzhou Zhao, Na Wei, and Navid Saeidi. "Hydrate—A Mysterious Phase or Just Misunderstood?" Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040880.

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Hydrates that form during transport of hydrocarbons containing free water, or water dissolved in hydrocarbons, are generally not in thermodynamic equilibrium and depend on the concentration of all components in all phases. Temperature and pressure are normally the only variables used in hydrate analysis, even though hydrates will dissolve by contact with pure water and water which is under saturated with hydrate formers. Mineral surfaces (for example rust) play dual roles as hydrate inhibitors and hydrate nucleation sites. What appears to be mysterious, and often random, is actually the effect
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Mao, Minghang, Kefeng Yan, Xiaosen Li, et al. "Review of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Natural Gas Hydrate." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030717.

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As a typical unconventional energy reservoir, natural gas hydrate is believed to be the most promising alternative for conventional resources in future energy patterns. The exploitation process of natural gas hydrate comprises a hydrate phase state, heat and mass transfer, and multi-phase seepage. Therefore, the study of heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate is of great significance for an efficient exploitation of gas hydrate. In this paper, the research methods and research progress of gas hydrate heat transfer are reviewed from four aspects: measurement methods of heat transfer chara
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31

Fu, Weiqi, Zhiyuan Wang, Baojiang Sun, Jianchun Xu, Litao Chen, and Xuerui Wang. "Rheological Properties of Methane Hydrate Slurry in the Presence of Xanthan Gum." SPE Journal 25, no. 05 (2020): 2341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199903-pa.

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Summary Methane hydrate formation in a xanthan-gum (XG) solution is an important problem for drilling in a deepwater environment. It not only alters the rheology of the drilling fluid in the wellbore but increases the risks of a hydrate blockage in the blowout preventer. The current work is performing groups of experiments to investigate the rheology of the hydrate slurry under XG concentrations of 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3%, shear rates from 10 to 480 s−1, and hydrate concentrations from 1.01 to 9.12%. The experimental results show that the hydrate slurry with XG additives exhibits an obvious
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32

Zhang, Jianbo, Zhiyuan Wang, Shengnan Chen, et al. "Experimental Study and Prediction Model for Hydrate Plugging Formation in Single-Pass Gas-Dominated Pipes with Diameter Reduction." SPE Journal 27, no. 02 (2021): 1244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209189-pa.

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Summary Gas hydrate plugging in flowlines acts as a major blockage risk in oil, gas, and natural gas hydrate production. Current studies on hydrate plugging is mainly conducted in pipes with a constant diameter, whereas the effects of varying diameters have been less explored. Pipes with diameter reductions are very common in the oil and gas production process. Herein, by performing experiments with pipes of four different sizes, including one with a constant diameter and three with diameter reductions, the hydrate plugging in single-pass gas-dominated pipes with diameter reduction is investig
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33

Zhang, Zijian, De-hua Han, and Qiuliang Yao. "Quantitative interpretation for gas hydrate accumulation in the eastern Green Canyon Area, Gulf of Mexico using seismic inversion and rock physics transform." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 4 (2011): B139—B150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3581358.

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Gas hydrate can be interpreted from seismic data through observation of bottom simulating reflector (BSR). It is a challenge to interpret gas hydrate without BSR. Three-dimensional qualitative and quantitative seismic interpretations were used to characterize gas hydrate distribution and concentration in the eastern Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico, where BSR is absent. The combination of qualitative and quantitative interpretation reduces ambiguities in the estimation and identification of gas hydrate. Sandy deposition and faults are qualitatively interpreted from amplitude data. The 3
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34

Kumano, Hiroyuki, Tatsunori Asaoka, Tatsuya Hayashi, and Peng Zhang. "Measurement of Latent Heat of Tetra-n-Butyl Ammonium Bromide Hydrate and Specific Enthalpy of Its Slurry." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 03 (2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251550025x.

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The specific heat of a tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solution, the latent heat of a TBAB hydrate, and the specific enthalpy of a TBAB hydrate slurry were measured to understand the thermal storage characteristics of TBAB hydrate slurry. A solution sample and the hydrate slurry were heated, the change in temperature was measured, and the specific heat of the TBAB aqueous solution and the specific enthalpy of the hydrate slurry were obtained from the change in temperature. Two types of TBAB hydrate form. Therefore, the hydrates were separated from the hydrate slurry formed from T
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35

Aromada, Solomon Aforkoghene, Bjørn Kvamme, Na Wei, and Navid Saeidi. "Enthalpies of Hydrate Formation and Dissociation from Residual Thermodynamics." Energies 12, no. 24 (2019): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244726.

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We have proposed a consistent thermodynamic scheme for evaluation of enthalpy changes of hydrate phase transitions based on residual thermodynamics. This entails obtaining every hydrate property such as gas hydrate pressure-temperature equilibrium curves, change in free energy which is the thermodynamic driving force in kinetic theories, and of course, enthalpy changes of hydrate dissociation and formation. Enthalpy change of a hydrate phase transition is a vital property of gas hydrate. However, experimental data in literature lacks vital information required for proper understanding and inte
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36

Sun, Qiang, Mei Du, Xingxun Li, Xuqiang Guo, and Lanying Yang. "Morphology Investigation on Cyclopentane Hydrate Formation/Dissociation in a Sub-Millimeter-Sized Capillary." Crystals 9, no. 6 (2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060307.

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The formation, dissociation, and reformation of cyclopentane (CP) hydrate in a sub-millimeter-sized capillary were conducted in this work, and the morphology of CP hydrate was obtained during above processes, respectively. The influences of the supercooling degree, i.e., the hydrate formation driving force, on CP hydrate crystals’ aspect and growth rate were also investigated. The results demonstrate that CP forms hydrate with the water melting from ice at the interface between the CP and melting water at a temperature slightly above 273.15 K. With the action of hydrate memory effect, the CP h
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37

Lee, Myung W., and Timothy S. Collett. "Elastic properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 3 (2001): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444966.

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Downhole‐measured compressional- and shear‐wave velocities acquired in the Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, northwestern Canada, reveal that the dominant effect of gas hydrate on the elastic properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments is as a pore‐filling constituent. As opposed to high elastic velocities predicted from a cementation theory, whereby a small amount of gas hydrate in the pore space significantly increases the elastic velocities, the velocity increase from gas hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space is small. Both the effective medium theory and a weighted equation p
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Yarakhmedov, M. B., A. G. Kiiamov, M. E. Semenov, A. P. Semenov, and A. S. Stoporev. "Peculiarities of Decomposition of Gas Hydrates in the Presence of Methanol at Atmospheric Pressure." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 634, no. 6 (2022): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2022-634-6-40-43.

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The study of the decomposition process of gas hydrates at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 0°C revealed that methanol could affect this process in different ways, depending on its saturation with environmental components. Indeed, dueto the absorption of methane from the hydrate by methanol, the onset of its decomposition is observed at lower temperatures.Nevertheless, decomposition proceeds more slowly than with pure methane hydrate. When the methanol surrounding the methane hydrate is saturated with other medium components, the hydrate dissociation occurs at the equilibrium tempera
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39

Zyrianova, Margarita, Timothy Collett, and Ray Boswell. "Characterization of the Structural–Stratigraphic and Reservoir Controls on the Occurrence of Gas Hydrates in the Eileen Gas Hydrate Trend, Alaska North Slope." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (2024): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030472.

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One of the most studied permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations in Arctic Alaska is the Eileen Gas Hydrate Trend. This study provides a detailed re-examination of the Eileen Gas Hydrate Trend with a focus on the gas hydrate accumulation in the western part of the Prudhoe Bay Unit. This integrated analysis of downhole well log data and published geophysical data has provided new insight on structural, stratigraphic, and reservoir controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates in the Eileen Gas Hydrate Trend. This study revealed the relatively complex nature of the gas hydrate occurrences in
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40

Li, Yinwu, Jiahao Liu, Cheng Hou, et al. "Elucidating metal hydride reactivity using late transition metal boryl and borane hydrides: 2c–2e terminal hydride, 3c–2e bridging hydride, and 3c–4e bridging hydride." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 13 (2018): 3395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00766g.

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41

Zeng, Haopeng, Yu Zhang, Lei Zhang, Zhaoyang Chen, and Xiaosen Li. "Study on Hydrate Production Behaviors by Depressurization Combined with Brine Injection in the Excess-Water Hydrate Reservoir." Entropy 24, no. 6 (2022): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060765.

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Depressurization combined with brine injection is a potential method for field production of natural gas hydrate, which can significantly improve production efficiency and avoid secondary formation of hydrate. In this work, the experiments of hydrate production using depressurization combined with brine injection from a simulated excess-water hydrate reservoir were performed, and the effects of NaCl concentration on hydrate decomposition, temperature change, and heat transfer in the reservoir were investigated. The experimental results indicate that there is little gas production during depres
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42

Chen, Qiang, Nengyou Wu, Changling Liu, et al. "Research Progress on Global Marine Gas Hydrate Resistivity Logging and Electrical Property Experiments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2022): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050645.

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Natural gas hydrate is widely spread in marine environments around the world. It has great energy potential due to its high methane gas content. High-precision exploration and evaluation of marine gas hydrate still face great challenges as it is affected by the complex reservoir control mechanisms and distribution characteristics. Resistivity is widely used in geophysical logging and theoretical research on gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs by utilizing the high sensitivity electrical response. In this paper, based on the examination of the global marine gas hydrate occurrences, resistivity loggi
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43

Ke, Wei, Guang-Jin Chen, and Daoyi Chen. "Methane–propane hydrate formation and memory effect study with a reaction kinetics model." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 45 (January 2020): 146867832090162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678320901622.

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Although natural gas hydrates and hydrate exploration have been extensively studied for decades, the reaction kinetics and nucleation mechanism of hydrate formation is not fully understood. In its early stage, gas hydrate formation can be assumed to be an autocatalytic kinetic reaction with nucleation and initial growth. In this work, a reaction kinetics model has been established to form structure II methane–propane hydrate in an isochoric reactor. The computational model consists of six pseudo-elementary reactions for three dynamic processes: (1) gas dissolution into the bulk liquid, (2) a s
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44

Glew, David N., and Norman S. Rath. "Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. Part XIV. D-ice and D-hydrate freezing points of deuterium oxide – ethylene oxide solutions and the formula of congruent ethylene oxide D-hydrate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 10 (1996): 1830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-204.

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D-ice freezing temperatures and D-hydrate formation temperatures have been measured by the dynamic cooling method for deuterium oxide – ethylene oxide (EO) solutions containing from 0 to 95.5 mol% EO. The D-ice and the congruent EO D-hydrate freezing temperatures exhibited standard errors (SEs) on a single measurement of 0.004 °C and 0.017 °C, respectively. The D-ice–D-hydrate eutectic temperature was observed at 1.500 °C with standard error (SE) 0.002 °C and at composition 2.207 mol% EO with SE 0.010 mol% EO. The congruent EO D-hydrate was found to freeze at 13.242 °C with SE 0.007 °C and at
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45

Zhang, Lei, Yu Zhang, Chang Chen, Xiao-Sen Li, and Zhao-Yang Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Decomposition during the Drilling Process of the Hydrate Reservoir in the Northern South China Sea." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093273.

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The process of drilling in natural gas hydrate reservoirs in sea areas involves problems such as hydrate decomposition and wellbore instability. To study the response behaviors of a reservoir during the drilling process, a two-dimensional numerical model of drilling fluid invading a hydrate reservoir in a cylindrical coordinate system was established to simulate the processes of heat and mass transfer, gas–liquid two-phase flow, and hydrate formation and decomposition in the hydrate reservoir during the drilling process. Based on the hydrate reservoir at station W17, Shenhu area of the South C
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46

Su, Pibo, Tingwei Li, Shurong Liang, et al. "Evaluation Method of the Gas Hydrate and Free Gas System and Its Application in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea." Geofluids 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514263.

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As a new alternative energy source, gas hydrate has attracted wide attention all over the world. Since gas hydrate is always associated with free gas, the evaluation of the gas hydrate and free gas system is an important aspect of hydrate reservoir exploration and development. In this study, based on identifying gas hydrate and free gas by well logging, the seismic reflection characteristics of gas hydrate and free gas are determined by an accurate well-to-seismic calibration method. On account of seismic reflection characteristics, AVO attributes are used to identify gas hydrate and free gas
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47

Su, Pibo, Tingwei Li, Shurong Liang, et al. "Evaluation Method of the Gas Hydrate and Free Gas System and Its Application in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea." Geofluids 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514263.

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Abstract:
As a new alternative energy source, gas hydrate has attracted wide attention all over the world. Since gas hydrate is always associated with free gas, the evaluation of the gas hydrate and free gas system is an important aspect of hydrate reservoir exploration and development. In this study, based on identifying gas hydrate and free gas by well logging, the seismic reflection characteristics of gas hydrate and free gas are determined by an accurate well-to-seismic calibration method. On account of seismic reflection characteristics, AVO attributes are used to identify gas hydrate and free gas
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48

Chen, Haodong, Ming Luo, Donglei Jiang, et al. "Research on the Formation and Plugging Risk of Gas Hydrate in a Deepwater Drilling Wellbore: A Case Study." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020488.

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At present, the formation mechanism of gas hydrate (hereinafter referred to as hydrate) plugging in the wellbore during deepwater drilling is not clear, so there are problems such as the overuse of hydrate inhibitors and the low utilization efficiency of inhibitors. Therefore, in view of the risk of hydrate formation and plugging under different working conditions during deepwater drilling, research was carried out on the wellbore hydrate formation area and wellbore hydrate deposition and plugging. Taking an atmospheric well in the South China Sea as an example, the wellbore annulus temperatur
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49

Kim, Jongchan, Haitao Zhang, Yongkoo Seol, and Sheng Dai. "Impacts of hydrate on the lateral stress in sediments." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020511006.

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The ratio between the horizontal and the vertical effective stresses is defined as the coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ko. Ko in hydrate-bearing sediments is critical in understanding the stress states in hydrate-bearing sediments, yet has not been previously understood. An oedometer cell equipped with vertical and horizontal stress measurement sensors is used to measure the evolution of Ko in tetrahydrofuran hydrate- bearing sands during hydrate formation and dissociation and vertical stress changes. The results show that the response of Ko in hydrate-bearing specimens reflects the comb
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50

Pandey, Jyoti Shanker, Charilaos Karantonidis, Adam Paul Karcz, and Nicolas von Solms. "Enhanced CH4-CO2 Hydrate Swapping in the Presence of Low Dosage Methanol." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205238.

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CO2-rich gas injection into natural gas hydrate reservoirs is proposed as a carbon-neutral, novel technique to store CO2 while simultaneously producing CH4 gas from methane hydrate deposits without disturbing geological settings. This method is limited by the mass transport barrier created by hydrate film formation at the liquid–gas interface. The very low gas diffusivity through hydrate film formed at this interface causes low CO2 availability at the gas–hydrate interface, thus lowering the recovery and replacement efficiency during CH4-CO2 exchange. In a first-of-its-kind study, we have demo
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