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Academic literature on the topic 'Hygiène du milieu – Afrique occidentale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hygiène du milieu – Afrique occidentale"
Ouattara, A., A. Touré, K. J. Golly, G. M. Ahon, A. Coulibaly, and K. Ouattara. "Activité antibactérienne d’un extrait hydroalcoolique des feuilles de Carapa procera (Méliacée) sur Staphylococcus aureus et Shigella sp." Phytothérapie 19, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0104.
Full textSingleton, Michael. "Culte des ancêtres." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.092.
Full textDesveaux, Emmanuel. "Parenté." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.102.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hygiène du milieu – Afrique occidentale"
Alessandro, Eugénie d'. "Anthropologie d’un geste technique : l’hygiène hospitalière dans un hôpital Ouest Africain." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0538.
Full textIn African hospitals, infectious risk constitutes a major public health problem. Moreover nosocomial infections are under-diagnose and underestimated and therefore the case management remains inadequate. This work proposes an anthropological approach of these issues. The survey took place in a West African hospital and was designed to describe health care workers activities about hospital hygiene and management of infectious risk. Field data show up a discrepancy between theoretical standards and real practices. Nevertheless, from a historic and geographical perspective, the study of these technical activities allows us to keep a distance with cognitivist and materialist approaches of skills and enlighten the crucial role of motivational aspects. Medical practice is a technical object setting on more than a mere scientific knowledge. It lies on socio-historic dimensions conferring meaning, special set up and implementation territory
Sow, Fanta. "Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010667.
Full textTounkara, Fatoumata Korika. "Prévalence, incidence, persistance et facteurs associés aux infections à virus du papillome humain chez les travailleuses du sexe en Afrique de l’Ouest." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67968.
Full textFemale sex workers (FWs) represent a high-risk group for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the human papillomavirus (HPV). To our knowledge, since 2009, no study has been conducted on the epidemiology of HIV/STIs among FSWs in Mali. Also, there are no available data on the epidemiology of HPV infections in this key population in Mali and Benin.The objectives of this thesis were to (1) assess the prevalence of HIV/STIs and associated factors among FSWs in Bamako, Mali; (2) estimate HPV prevalence, distribution and factors associated with high-risk (HR) HPV infections in FSWs in Bamako (Mali) and Cotonou (Benin), and (3) estimate the incidence and persistence rates of HPV infections in FSWs in the two countries as well as factors related to both incidence and persistence of HR-HPV infections. Cross sectional studies were conducted for objectives 1 and 2, where as a longitudinal study with visits at three time points (baseline, follow-up visits at 6 months and at 12 months) were carried out for objective 3. It took place in Cotonou (Benin) and Bamako (Mali). Sociodemographic, behavioral and gynecological history data were collected. Descriptive statistics were computed. Multivariate log-binomial and Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with study outcomes. Overall, 353 FSWs were recruited in Mali; the mean age was 26.8 years. Concerning objective 1, HIV prevalence was 20.4% and 35.1% of FSWs had at least one STI. Factors significantly associated with HIV were older age (trend test, p < 0.0001), sex work duration ≥ 6 years, uneducated status, gonococcal and chlamydial infections (p < 0.05). In addition, younger age (trend test, p = 0.018), number of clients ≥10 during the past week, and HIV infection were significantly associated with other STIs (p < 0.05). Regarding objective 2, HPV data were available for 659 FSWs (309 in Benin and 350 in Mali). The overall HPV prevalence rates were 95.5% in Benin and 81.4% in Mali. The three most common HPV types among FSWs in Benin were HPV58, HPV16, and HPV52; this order was HPV16, HPV51, and HPV52 in Mali. In Benin, the main factors associated with HR-HPV infections were vaginal douching and gonococcal infection (p < 0.05), whereas in Mali, these factors were duration of sex work < 1 year and HIV infection (p < 0.05). Concerning objective 3, the 12-month participation rate was 51.6%, but retention for at least one follow-up visit was 68.6% (51 women not attending the 6-month follow-up visit came back at 12 months). The highest incidence rates of HR-HPV over 12 months occurred with HPV59, HPV16 and HPV35 (≥ 6.3 cases per 1000 women-months). Factors associated with HR-HPV incidence were sex work duration ≤ 1 year and HIV infection (p < 0.05). The highest HR-HPV persistence rates were observed for HPV59, HPV51/HPV52 and HPV35 (≥ 28.6%). Risk factors for HR-HPV persistence were age < 20 years or ≥ 50 years (p < 0.05); HIV and chlamydial infections as well as infection with multiple HPV types at baseline (p <0.05). In conclusion, FSWs in these West African countries are characterized by high HIV/STI prevalence, and by high rates of HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence. These data suggest the need to reconsider the conceptual framework of STI/HIV (including HPV) prevention programs aimed at FSWs in order to prevent cervical cancer among them and break the transmission chain of these STIs to the general population.
Giraut, Frédéric. "La petite ville, un milieu adapté aux paradoxes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : étude sur le semis, et comparaison du système spatial et social de sept localités : Badou et Anié (Togo) ; Jasikan et Kadjebi (Ghama) ; Torodi, Tamaské et Kei͏̈ta (Niger)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010557.
Full textIn the first place, the role of small towns within the urban network is analyzed, as well as the nature of the links between them and their "hinterland". Therefore, in the first part, deals with the following issues : the study of the spacial pattern of small agglomerations in West Africa and the modalities by wich they multiply ; the role of small towns in the evolution of the urban networks of Ghana, Togo an Niger ; and, finally, the regional and local functions of the seven settlements chosen for study. In the second place, a functional model of the social-spacial system of the West African small towns is developed. An analysis of the spacial, demographical, political and economical processes taking place in the seven small towns makes it possible to elaborate this model and go beyond local particularities
Bouville, Jean-François. "La malnutrition infantile en milieu urbain africain : étude des étiologies relationnelles /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399065976.
Full textBibliogr. p. 243-256.
Coulibaly, Arona. "Approche du confort thermique dans l'habitat social en milieu tropical : simulation numérique d'une cellule d'habitation, validation du modèle sur cellule-test." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120062.
Full textTchéré, séka Iphigénie marie-laure. "Surveillance de la santé bucco-dentaire en Afrique : recommandations méthodologiques pour le recueil standard d’informations." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10278.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the activities of the World Health Organization relative to the implementation and the distribution of standard tools in the African countries to reach an efficient integration of the essential oral health indicators in surveillance in African countries. These essentials indicators fit into the objectives of the new millennium and exceed the idea according to which " the social problems have to be developed in an isolated way. To be in phase with this new paradigm, African countries have to face these new approaches which require that efforts be realized in all development sectors. Twenty two indicators recommended by the World Health Organization for the African region give opportunities to improve oral health activities on the national level and develop an integrated community approach which is the more operational for surveillance and prevention of oral diseases. The collect of the indicators in Ivory Coast motivates this study, which results are recorded in this document. The findings are the result of many years of research and practice related to the implementation and development of oral health activities in Côte d'Ivoire. Two questionnaires were evaluated and measure respectively oral health indicators for general population, and for children and teenagers. Analyses conclude in relatively good psychometrics properties, but imply the taking account of many recommendations which aim to increase the validity and the feasibility of these questionnaires in the context of the Côte d'Ivoire. Their generalization in the African region requires future researches in a way of their optimization in an integrated operational community based-approach, and a redefinition of the role of local actors in sanitary district
Lando, Paul. "Espaces et sociétés en milieu vodoun : aménagements et territoires de conflit." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908942.
Full textSeye, El Hadji Amadou. "Les paysages et les peuples du Niokholo, contribution à l'étude des comportements humains face au milieu naturel (Sénégal oriental)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL293.
Full textThe Niokholo lies in the Southern part of Eastern Senegal, between latitudes 12 and 15 degrees North. Its original character is due to the diversity of its landscapes, and the diversity of its landscapes, and the various mixing of social and cultural groups living there. The central argument of this dissutation is the analysis of how such a natural environment and peoples are organized, using tree scales: the region, the +terroirs ;, and the toponymic units, or + lieux-dits ;, and resulting in tree series of maps at scales 1/200 000, 1/100 000 and 1/10 000. At the regional level, our analysis set forth the diversity of the landscapes composed of 30 elementary units, with differences linked to topographic characteristics, land availability, and water resources. The study of the peopling and humanization of those landscapes points at the balance between populations and their natural environment. At the level of the +terroir ;, the analysis of the environment reveals several landscapes segments that have been differently identified and used by the Mandes, Fulanis, Bediks and Beliyans. By comparing the geographical segments with those identified by the populations one car observe similarities and differences in those modes of landscape segmentation. At tne level of the toponymic units the comparison between the environments and the crops used by those ethnic groups shows the differences in the choices made by the farmers according to the plants brought into cultivation. But the currents cultivation systems suffer from a lack of efficient means of production. Thus, yields remain low and it seems necessary to implement development programs that will be in keeping with the natural environment and likely to be welcomed by the populations
Repussard, Clément. "Le service public de l'eau potable en milieu rural au Sénégal : l’exemple de la Communauté rurale de Moudéry." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10070/document.
Full textThis research aims to analyse the service of drinking water in rural Senegal, from the example of four villages in the rural community of Moudéry. This research was conducted alongside with an operational work in a development program conducted by the French NGO GRET.The issue of the daily service is situated in the long history. The conditions of production and operation of the service are made in relation to the process of state building and changes in village societies, but also to the succession of international programs of access to drinking water.The first section establishes the inventory of social science research on the public water in West Africa. The second chapter describes the history of the Senegalese public policy of water in rural areas since the beginning of the twentieth century. The third chapter then analyzes the diversity of coexisting water services at local level. Then in the fourth chapter, the fragmentation patterns of service delivery of public water is described. The fifth chapter describes this fragmentation at the village level, from four village case studies, which trace the evolution of drinking water systems since the 1980s and the enbodiement of management service in the village social structures . The final chapter focuses on the articulation of different social spaces and water policies. The different scales of citizenship defining rights and duties brought into play by the water service are proved complementary, although the canonical definition of public service does not match what is observed in the field. The role of government in particular are more similar to a brokerage in institutionalized mechanisms for allocation of development projects than the regulation of the service or project management of technical infrastructure