Dissertations / Theses: 'Hygienic design'

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Schelb, Joachim, and Hartmut Ilch. "Hygienic Handling – Hygienic Design Robotic." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163567.

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Die MAJA-Maschinenfabrik Hermann Schill GmbH & Co. KG wurde im Jahre 1955 von Hermann Schill sen., dem Großvater der heutigen Eigentümer, in der Gemeinde Goldscheuer bei Kehl am Rhein gegründet und zählt heute zu den Marktführern der Branche. Seit 60 Jahren entwickelt, produziert und vertreibt MAJA Entschwartungs-, Entfettungs und Entvliesmaschinen, Enthäutungsmaschinen für Fisch und Geflügel, Fleischschneidesysteme und Automatisierungslösungen für die Lebensmittelbranche, außerdem Eiserzeuger zur Herstellung und Kühlung von Lebensmitteln. Lebensmittelvergiftungen, Verunreinigungen und Rückrufaktionen sind meist die Folgen von nicht konsequent durchgeführten Hygienestandards. Die Hygienerichtlinien werden zunehmend verschärft und müssen neben den Mitarbeitern vor Ort auch von den Anlagen- und Maschinenbauern eingehalten werden. MAJA hat sich die Entwicklung und Produktion einer Robotermechanik nach den höchsten Hygienestandards zur Aufgabe gemacht, da diese nach unserer Auffassung das Herzstück einer flexiblen Automatisierung darstellt und ein Maximum an Robustheit und Zuverlässigkeit auch hier unabdingbar ist.

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Lorenzen, Knuth. "EHEDG - Wegweiser zu Kosteneinsparungen durch Hygienic Design." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163753.

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Meine Präsentation beschreibt die „Einsparpotentiale bei der CIP-Reinigung von Produktionsanlagen durch konsequentes Hygienic Design“ und basiert auf der Diplomarbeit von Andreas Dorner, Technische Universität München. Es ist eine Analyse des möglichen Einsparpotentials für die Lebensmittelindustrie bei Verwendung von neuesten, hygienegerecht konstruierten Anlagenbauteilen gegenüber herkömmlichen, industriell verwendeten Bauteilen mit Hygienerisiken . Durch vergleichende Reinigungsversuche werden Ventile und Einbaugehäuse von Sensoren miteinander verglichen, um so dem Nahrungsmittelproduzenten eine Hilfestellung bei der Auswahl dieser Bauteile bei einer Neuanschaffung bzw. beim Austausch von Anlagenkomponenten hinsichtlich der Reinigbarkeit geben zu können. Bei den Untersuchungen wurden die Reinigungs- und Verschmutzungsparameter für die zu vergleichenden Bauteile konstant gehalten, um nur den Einfluss der Konstruktion auf die Reinigung zu ermitteln. Um deine gesundheitliche Bedrohung von Lebensmittel-Konsumenten zu reduzieren, bzw. so gering wie möglich zu halten ist eine gründliche Reinigung von Produktionsanlagen wichtig. Das lässt sich jedoch nur mit hygiene gerechten, totraum-freien Bauteilen erreichen, die nach der CIP-Reinigung keim arm sind. Korrektes hygienisches Design verbessert die Reinigung und Sterilisation durch verbessertem Massen- und Wärmeübergang des CIP-Reinigungsmittels. Mangelhafte Reinigung sind heute Auslöser von bis zu 20% der GMP-Beanstandungen Reinigungsschritte sind essentiell für die Lebensmittelsicherheit und können bis zu 70% des gesamten Wasserverbrauchs und der Abwassermenge eines Werkes ausmachen. Reinigung ist nicht nur aus Sicherheitsgründen ein zu beachtender Prozess, sondern birgt auch ein großes finanzielles Einsparpotential, nicht nur hinsichtlich der Wasserkosten. In der Lebensmittelindustrie werden zum Teil immer noch sinnvolle Investitionen in Hygienic Design konforme Anlagenbauteile gescheut, da sie aufgrund hoher Anschaffungskosten vermeintlich teurer erscheinen. Dabei werden jedoch die gesamten Lebenszykluskosten (Life Cycle Costs) oftmals außer Acht gelassen.

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Wikström, Stephanie, and Simon Huisman. "The infant incubator from a hygienic and HTO perspective : Using ATP luminescence to identify problem areas and suggesting solutions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173746.

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Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are a major problem in healthcare today. Preterm infants have problems keeping their body temperature within normal boundaries due to heat-loss. They therefore need special care that is administered with the help of incubators, which help minimise the heat loss via convection. Within neonatology the incubator has been identified as one of the contributing factors to HCAI due to the warm and humid environment, making it easy to spread nosocomial flora. To assess if the incubator is a factor in the spreading of HCAI this project has focused on ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminescence measurements to find areas in the incubator that are likely to contribute to the spread of HCAI and suggesting solutions to some of these. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is found in both organic debris and bacteria and is therefore a good indicator of a problem area due to organic debris acting as nutrients. Only the incubator box of the Giraffe® OmniBed® incubator was studied. The cleaning process was observed on multiple occasions and together with interviews resulted in a number of 29 hypothesised problem areas, on or within the incubator box, that were measured before and after cleaning. The results show that incubators collect a substantial amount of total ATP during its use. Measurements also show that parts that are cleaned by a disinfector are cleaner than those parts that are cleaned manually. Areas on the main compartment became more contaminated after cleaning which further indicated that the design of the incubator needs improving. It was also concluded that there often was residue from soap left on the surface of the main compartment resulting in inhibition of the total ATP luminescence reaction. This resulted in unrealistic low values due to the inclusion of foam and soap in the sample and as a result 45 out of 570 measurements were excluded. Caution is advised when using the Kikkoman total ATP luminescence method, especially on the main body (chassis) of the incubator. A steam vapour cleaner and flask cleanser brush could be used to better reach and clean areas such as cavities and around the bed heating element. The use of the steam vapour cleaner could also diminish or eliminate the use of surface disinfectant that causes red irritated eyes and dizziness in the cleaning staff. The functionality of the incubator was found to be excellent but major improvements can be made in the incubator design to make the cleaning of the incubator easier.
Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett stort problem inom vården idag. För tidigt födda barn (prematurer) har problem att hålla sin kroppstemperatur inom normala gränser på grund av ökad värmeförlust. De behöver därför särskild vård som ges med hjälp av kuvöser, vilka bidrar till att minimera värmeförluster som sker via konvektion. Kuvösen som används inom neonatologin har identifierats som en av de bidragande faktorerna till VRI på grund av den varma och fuktiga miljön, vilken gör det lätt för mikroorganismer att föröka sig. För att bedöma i vilken utsträckning kuvösen är en faktor i spridningen av VRI har detta examensarbete genomfört ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminiscens-mätningar för att på så vis möjliggöra identifieringen av problemområden i kuvösen samt presentera lösningar till en del av dessa. ATP återfinns i både organisk materia och bakterier och är därför en bra indikator på ett problemområde på grund av att organisk materia agerar som näringsämne för bakterier. Enbart kuvösboxen tillhörande Giraffe® OmniBed® kuvösen testades i denna studie. Rengöringsprocessen av kuvösen observerades vid ett flertal tillfällen. Tillsammans med intervjuer resulterade detta i 29 förmodade problemområden belägna på eller inne i kuvösboxen. Dessa ställen mättes före och efter rengöring. Studien utfördes på neonatalavdelningen på Karolinska sjukhuset i Solna. Mätningar visade att delar som rengörs med en diskdesinfektor är mindre kontaminerade än de delar som rengörs manuellt. Flertalet områden på karossen blev mer kontaminerade efter rengöring vilket indikerade att utformningen av kuvösen behöver förbättras. Det var ofta tvålrester kvar på ytan av karossen, vilket resulterade i hämning av total ATP luminiscens-reaktion. Detta ledde till orealistiskt låga värden och att 45 av 570 mätningar exkluderades. Försiktighet bör iakttas vid användning av total ATP luminiscens-metoden, med Kikkomans LuciPac Pen, då sannolikheten för tvålrester ökar vid mätningar på karossen i kuvösen. En ångrengörare och flaskborste skulle kunna användas för att bättre nå och rengöra problemområden, såsom hålrum och runt värmeelementet i botten av chassit. Dessa redskap behöver dock utvärderas i framtida studier. Användningen av ångrengörare kan också minska eller eliminera användningen av ytdesinfektion, som orsakar röda irriterande ögon och yrsel hos städpersonal, om effektiviteten uppmätts hålla sjukhusets krav på renhet. Funktionaliteten hos kuvösen fanns vara utmärkt, men förbättringar behövs i utformningen av kuvösen för att möjligöra effektivare, lättare och bättre rengöring.

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Udén, Emelie, and Sara Westerberg. "Utveckling av hygienisk golvränna." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13741.

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AB Furhoffs Rostfria grundades i Skövde 1899 för att tillverka kannor och kittlar i koppar. Idag tillverkar de produkter i rostfritt stål för bland annat VVS-system, storkök och diskbänkar för hemmamiljö. Tillverkningen sker i Skövde med en maskinpark som är anpassad för produktion i rostfritt stål. Då kraven från marknaden går åt mer hygieniska golvrännor och konkurrenterna fokuserar på att marknadsföra denna typ av produkt, vill Furhoffs leda denna utveckling. Examensarbetets mål är att utveckla en golvränna som är anpassad för områden som har extra höga krav på hygien för att undvika spridning av smittor. Detta kan vara livsmedelsindustri, storkök, sjukhus eller laboratorier. Golvrännan ska även vara säker att använda i en industri där tyngre trafik förekommer och då är det ett krav att locket ska klara en belastning på 12 500 kg. För att anpassa produkten till användaren utfördes intervjuer på ett större mejeri, en livsmedelsindustri och en restaurang. Även en observation utfördes på restaurangen för att observera hur rengöringsprocessen av produkten gick till. Informationen från dessa besök resulterade i användarbehov som tillsammans med krav från Furhoffs låg till grund för hur golvrännan senare utvecklades. Golvrännans olika komponenter: brunn med vattenlås, ränna, lock och silkorg, utvecklades var för sig för att sedan anpassas till varandra. Utförda tester och en kostnadsanalys låg till grund för de konceptval som togs. Flödet av vatten och bortforslande av avfall testades för att välja ut den mest optimala profilen på rännan. För att veta om golvrännan är säker att använda i de tänkta miljöerna utfördes belastnings-, halk- och flödestester på locket. Den slutliga produkten är anpassad för Furhoffs tillverkningsmetoder. Golvrännan uppfyller de krav som ställts och är anpassad för miljöer med höga krav på hygien. Resultatet från examensarbetet kommer att ligga till grund för den hygienränna som kommer att tillverkas av Furhoffs.
AB Furhoffs Rostfria was founded in Skövde in 1899 to produce pots and cauldrons in copper. Today´s production is focused on products for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) as well as for restaurant kitchens and customized products. The production is located in Skövde with machines suited for processing stainless steel. Demands from the market as well as Furhoff´s competitors are focusing on hygienic floor drain gutters. Because of this, Furhoffs wants to be the leading company of this kind of development. This project aims to develop a floor drain gutter that is suitable for environments with high requirements of hygiene to prevent spreading of diseases. These environments can be food factories, laboratories, hospitals and restaurant kitchens. The product needs to be safe to use in industries where traffic from heavy vehicles occur. This means that the product must withstand a load of 12 500 kg. To adjust the product to fit the user, interviews were performed in a large dairy, a food factory and in a restaurant. An observation was also performed in the restaurant to observe the cleaning process of a floor drain gutter. The information from the user study resulted in a list of needs. These, combined with demands from the company, formed the product specification. This specification was the basis for how the product later was developed. The components of the floor drain gutter, gully with a stench trap, gutter, cover and strainer basket, was developed separately and adapted to each other. Tests and cost analysis were performed to make well-founded concept choices. Water flow and removal of waste was tested to choose the most optimal gutter profile. To make sure the floor drain gutter is safe to use in the intended environment, load tests, slip tests and tests of flow rates were made. The final product is adjusted for Furhoff´s production methods. The floor drain gutter fulfils the requirements and is suitable for environments with high hygiene demands. The result from this thesis will be used for further development of Furhoff´s future floor drain gutter.

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Manzini, Caterina. "Impianti e macchine nella produzione industriale della birra." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Perini, Fabiana Oliveira. "Elaboração e aplicação de uma ferramenta de avaliação de estruturas físicas, leiaute e materiais de construção utilizados em cozinhas industriais com impacto na segurança de alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179247.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para avaliar estruturas físicas, leiaute e materiais de construção de cozinhas industriais. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, diversas legislações sanitárias e documentos técnicos foram avaliados, a fim de identificar itens pertinentes à construção da ferramenta. Com base nisso, foram elaboradas 196 perguntas, divididas em 24 itens, as quais compuseram a ferramenta de avaliação de estruturas (check-list). O check-list foi encaminhado para especialistas da área de segurança de alimentos, para que estes verificassem a adequação das perguntas e conferissem pesos para cada uma delas, conforme a possibilidade na contaminação e o impacto na segurança dos alimentos. O peso 1 (um) foi atribuído aos itens da estrutura física das cozinhas, que poderiam causar impacto na segurança de alimentos, porém que dificilmente resultariam em contaminação dos alimentos ou causariam surtos alimentares, como, por exemplo, as áreas externas, portas externas e fechamento automático de portas de sanitários. O peso 2 (dois) foi atribuído às perguntas sobre a estrutura física da cozinha que poderiam causar contaminação indireta nos alimentos, exemplos: portas internas ajustadas aos pisos e batentes, caixas de gordura e de esgoto compatíveis ao volume de resíduos, entre outros. O peso 4 (quatro) foi atribuído às questões sobre a estrutura física das cozinhas que poderiam causar contaminação direta aos alimentos, como, por exemplo, estrutura dos telhados e tetos, áreas de produção com fluxo linear, entre outras Após a revisão do check-list, foram retiradas as perguntas que não foram consideradas pertinentes ao setor de alimentação e então foi calculado um peso médio para cada pergunta, tendo como base os pesos atribuídos por cada avaliador. A versão final do check-list resultou em 23 itens, compostos por 126 perguntas. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, foi realizada a utilização prática do check-list com o objetivo de testar a aplicação da ferramenta de avaliação e identificar os problemas mais frequentes na construção civil de cozinhas industriais. Para tanto, as cozinhas industriais existentes na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS (RMPA) foram consideradas e identificadas como o universo da pesquisa, possibilitando a visita a um número significativo de cozinhas industriais. O número de cozinhas identificado na RMPA foi de 248 unidades, das quais 52 foram visitadas. Para avaliar cada unidade visitada com relação à adequação sanitária de suas instalações, foi elaborado o Índice Sanitário de Edificações (ISE). O ISE é uma média harmônica ponderada dos itens aplicáveis, a qual leva em consideração os pesos conferidos a cada pergunta e se o item foi conforme ou não. As respostas do check-list foram analisadas no Microsoft Excel 2010 e a análise estatística foi realizada no programa IBM® SPSS® STATISTICS versão 18.0, adotando o nível de significância de 5% As principais não conformidades observadas foram infiltrações, goteiras, tubulações sem capacidade para vazão adequada, pias e sifões entupidos, pouca quantidade de ralos, caimento dos pisos, caixa de gordura, pouca luminosidade, ventilação e conforto térmico. Do total de unidades avaliadas, 1 (2%) apresentou índice de adequação excelente, 14 (27%) índice de adequação bom, 32 (61%) índice de adequação médio e 5 (10%) índice de adequação ruim. Além do índice de adequação ao check-list, foi calculado um índice de adequação aos itens requeridos por legislação. O volume de empresas que apresentaram índices entre os níveis de adequação excelente e bom aumentou quando comparado ao índice de adequação ao chek-list, passando para 4 (8%) com índice excelente, 27 (51%) com índice bom, 20 (39%) com índice médio e 1 (2%) com índice ruim. Os resultados indicam que as cozinhas industriais apresentaram inadequações em suas instalações, já que em sua maioria apresentaram índices medianos ou inferiores de adequação aos itens da legislação e ao ISE. Cozinhas com estas falhas nas instalações podem ter prejudicadas suas condições higiênico- sanitárias do processo, trazendo riscos potenciais para a produção de alimentos. Com a identificação dos problemas nas edificações e leiutes, pôde- se indicar soluções para contribuir na gestão de segurança dos alimentos em serviços de alimentação, prevenindo a contaminação de alimentos.
This study aimed to develop a tool to evaluate physical structures, layout and materials of industrial kitchens. In the first stage of the work, several sanitary legislations and technical documents were evaluated in order to identify items pertinent to the construction of the tool. Based on this, check-list tool were elaborated containing196 questions, divided into 24 items. The checklist was assessed to food safety experts to verify the appropriateness of the questions and to check weights for each one, depending on the possibility of contamination and impact on food safety. Weight 1 (one) was attributed to the items in the kitchen's physical structure, which could impact on food safety, but would hardly result in contamination of food or food outbreaks, such as external areas, external doors and automatic door closing of toilets. Weight 2 (two) was attributed to the questions about the physical structure of the kitchen that could cause indirect contamination in the food, some examples: internal doors adjusted to the floors and stops, fat and sewage boxes compatible with the volume of waste. Weight 4 (four) was attributed to questions about the physical structure of the kitchen that could cause direct contamination of food, such as the structure of roofs and ceilings, production areas with linear flow. After reviewing the checklist, the questions that were not considered pertinent to the food sector were removed, and then an average weight was calculated for each question, based on the weights assigned by each evaluator The final version of the checklist resulted in 23 items consisting of 126 questions. In the second stage of the work, the practical check-list was used, with the objective of testing the application of the evaluation tool and identifying the most frequent problems in the civil construction of industrial kitchens. To this end, the industrial kitchens in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre / RS (RMPA) were considered and identified as the research universe, allowing the visit of a significant number of industrial kitchens. The number of kitchens identified in the RMPA was 248 units, of which 52 were visited. To evaluate each unit visited in relation to the sanitary adequacy of its facilities, the Sanitary Building Index (ISE) was elaborated. The ISE is a weighted harmonic mean of the applicable items, which takes into account the weights given to each question and whether or not the item was compliant. The checklist responses were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and statistical analyzes were performed using the IBM® SPSS® STATISTICS version 18.0 program, adopting the 5% significance level. The main nonconformities observed were infiltrations, gutters, pipes with no adequate flow capacity, clogged sinks and siphons, few drains, floor trim, grease box, low luminosity, ventilation and thermal comfort Of the total number of units evaluated, 1 (2%) presented an excellent suitability index, 14 (27%) were adequately matched, 32 (61%) were adequately matched, and 5 were considered adequately matched. In addition to the index of adequacy to the checklist, an index of adequacy to the items required by legislation was calculated. The volume of companies that presented excellent and good levels of adequacy increased when compared to the index of adequacy to the former chek-list, passing to 4 (8%) with excellent index, 27 (51%) with good index, 20 (39 %) with average index and 1 (2%) with poor index. The results indicate that the industrial kitchens presented inadequacies in their facilities, since in their majority they presented medium or inferior indexes of adequacy to the items of the legislation and the ISE. Kitchens with these facility failures may have impaired their hygienic-sanitary conditions of the process, bringing potential risks to food production. With the identification of problems in buildings and law, it was possible to indicate solutions to contribute to the management of food safety in food services, preventing the contamination of food.

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Rajchl, David. "Design vany se sprchou pro tělesně postižené." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229799.

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The subject of graduation thesis is design of bathtube for people with disabilities. The machine belongs to the sanitary equipment. The main purpose is the user´s hygiene, in the specific case with an operator assistance. This machine can be used in retirement homes, hospices, nursing homes and hospitals. The thesis is focused on design and ergonomic solution. Solution of construction is more conceptual. Graphic design and brand placement is the part of the solution.

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Casadesus, Baldursson Jordi Hans. "Design concept for a Multifunctional Hygiene Cabin 2014." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20675.

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The project is related to the design of a new type of Public Toilets from the company Danfo for the year 2014. The proper project follows asequential order to show how to create solution to the existing problems of these Service and re-design the product itself to create a new look and new core values to the existing service , creating a new product line for this kind of service in the market in this particular case the re-design of a new type of Public Toilets for the year 2014. Following the sequential order of a design process it is proposed a new concept of Public Toilets which will give service to users in City’s and Landscape areas. Developing a new style and realistic concept of Publict Toilets. Creating sustainable buildings which generate the 60 % of the own used energy, using renewable energy sources from sun and wind, reusing the rainwater and with purifying water systems, for minimum water consumption, moreover a building design to avoid vandalism and which give different services on the exterior creating information reunion point, for the interior is looked at the essence of Public Toilets and why they where designed, creating a new concept of a multifunctional Hygiene cabin, and resolving the existing detected problems to create a design concept that satisfied all the stakeholders involved in the proper artifact and combined with the innovation of the design to open new markets. A new type of Public Toilets with new core values and which gives new services based on the conclusion and reflections of the done research. It is proposed a Re-design of the Exterior and Interior of the existing building and the design of two new artifacts for the interior which resolves and gives service, creating new goals for the company and a new style. Combined with the existing technology and production methods and materials thinking in the future development and trends.

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Lusher, Suzanne Cherie. "An evaluation of Germ City finding a suitable design /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=66.

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Stegeman, Cynthia A. "The Effect of a Multimedia Learning Environment on the Knowledge, Attitude, Confidence, and Skill of Dental Hygiene Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307442204.

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Whiteside, Willis. "An investigation into the problems associated with providing personal respiratory protection in healthcare and the development of a proposed design solution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22990.

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Foust, Kathleen M. "An examination of the present and future dental materials utilized in operative dentistry, and the impact on curriculum design in dental assisting programs." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999foustk.pdf.

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Knighton, Shanina Camille. "An Innovative Strategy to Increase Patient Hand Hygiene Autonomy of Hospitalized Adults." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1489708859944739.

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Andersson, Albin. "Ett tjänstedesignprojekt för bättre handhygien i vården : "Att göra en Albin"." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14038.

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Detta projekt har varit ett första försök för studenten att använda sig av tjänstedesign i ett verkligt projekt. Problemet har varit att i sjukvården idag finns stora problem med att bakterier och virus som vinterkräksjukan slår ut hela avdelningar som tvingas stänga till stora kostnader. Vinterkräksjukan är högst smittsamt och det räcker med att någon glömmer tvätta händerna ordentligt för att det ska sprida sig på en avdelning. I detta arbete har tjänstedesign metodik använts för ta reda på varför det förekommer smitta på ortopedkliniken på Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad och vad som kan göras för att förbättra handhygienen och minska risken för smittspridning på ortopedkliniken. Observationer genomfördes på kliniken ur patienters, sjuksköterskors samt läkares perspektiv. Tjänstedesignmetoder som customer journeys och desktop walkthrough användes för att visualisera patienters resor genom kliniken och skapa lösningar ihop med läkare och sjuksköterskor för att skapa möjligheter till bättre handhygien. Resultatet blev ett koncept som ökar synligheten av de handspritstationer som finns samt ett förslag på hur dessa stationer ska placeras ut på kliniken för att ge bästa lättillgänglighet för sjukhuspersonal, patienter och besökare. Namnet ”Att göra en Albin” myntades efter att en fältstudie genomförts på ortopedkliniken utav en av projektets kontaktpersoner på landstinget i Värmland. Litteraturstudier gjordes också på hur tjänstedesign använts i vårdutveckling, både nationellt och internationellt, och hur tjänstedesign kan bidra till en bättre vård. Uppdragsgivare har varit Tomas Edman på Innovationsslussen Vivan. Arbetet har gjorts i kursen Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i Innovationsteknik och design (MSGC12) på Karlstads universitet. Projektet var handlett av Monica Jakobsson och Fredrik Thuvander har varit examinator.
This project has been a first attempt by the student to use service design in a real project. The problem was that in the health care today exists big problems due to bacteria and viruses such as winter vomiting disease strikes entire wards and forces the hospitals to close them which in turn causes huge financial loses. Winter vomiting disease is highly contagious and all it takes is someone to forget to wash his or her hands properly for the virus to spread to the entire ward. In this project service design methodology has been used to find out why contagious infections exist on the orthopedic clinic at Central hospital in Karlstad and also what can be done to improve hand hygiene and reduce the risk for further spread of contagious infections at the orthopedic clinic. Observations were made at the clinic from the view of patients, nurses and doctors. Service design methods such as customer journeys and desktop walkthroughs were used to visualize patients’ journeys and create solutions together with doctors and nurses to create the possibilities for better hand hygiene. The result was a concept that increases the visibility of the hand rub stations and a proposition on how these stations shall be positioned at the clinic. The name “To do an Albin” was coined due to the field studies that were done at an orthopedic clinic by one of the projects contacts at Värmland County Council. Research was also made into how service design has been part of health care development both nationally and internationally, and how service design can contribute to better health care. Employer has been Tomas Edman at Innovationsslussen Vivan. The work was made in the course Degree Project for Degree of Bachelor of Science In Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) at the University of Karlstad. Monica Jacobsson has supervised the project and Fredrik Thuvander has been examiner.
Albin Andersson

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Braconi, Dario. "Green two-wheeled mobility : Material Hygiene and life cycle analysis of anelectric scooter." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157045.

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In the last years electric vehicles gained importance as a more sustainable alternative to traditional vehicles. The introduction of an electric powertrain leads to lower air-pollution emissions but it also involves the introduction of new materials in the product life cycle, e. g., the rare earths and lithium contained in the motor and in the batteries. Those materials have an environmental impact and they need to be disposed properly. The aim of this thesis is to have a quantitative knowledge of the environmental balance linked to the use of a different powertrain. Furthermore, this study explores how this balance can be modified improving the recycling and the end of life management. Specifically in this thesis, an average electric scooter has been chosen as a case study. The electric scooter is used as object of comparison with a traditional internal-combustion-engine scooter. The choice of a two-wheeled mean of transport is linked to the low level of facilities involved. This report first includes a definition of the case of study; this section also presents a description of the technologies taken into exam. It is also presented the result of interviews with dismantlers to depict the current process of EoL management of a scooter. The central part of thesis deals with different recycling scenarios. With the help of the Material Hygiene mind-set, a qualitative analysis and different recycling scenarios are proposed. The recycling scenarios involve the component of the electric powertrain that are peculiar of the electric vehicle. They mainly are the electric motor and the lithium battery pack. The last part of the analysis encompasses a Life Cycle Assessment of an average electric scooter to give a quantitative meaning to the life cycle comparison and to assess the environmental benefits of the proposed recycling scenarios. To perform the Life Cycle Assessment a software, SimaPro 7.3, is used. This software lets the user insert the bill of materials of the product and it associates to each material its environmental loads according to the database EcoInvent v.2.2. Keywords: electric scooter, lithium battery, permanent magnet, neodymium, Material Hygiene, Design for Disassembly, Life Cycle Assessment, LCA
Negli ultimi anni i veicoli elettrici sono emersi come un ’alternativa sostenibile ai veicoli tradizionali. L’introduzione di un gruppo propulsore elettrico permette emissioni inquinanti più basse ma comporta anche l’introduzione di nuovi materiali nel ciclo di vita del prodotto, e.g., le terre rare e il litio contenuti rispettivamente nel motore e nelle batterie. Questi materiali hanno un impatto ambientale e hanno bisogno di essere trattati correttamente. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di avere una comprensione quantitativa del bilancio dal punto di vista ambientale legato al l’adozione di sistema di propulsione elettrico. Inoltre, è indagato come questo bilanco possa essere influenzato migliorando il ricic laggio e la gestione dell’ultima fase di vita del prodotto. Nello specifico, in questa tesi, uno scooter elettrico è stato scelto come caso di studio. Lo scopo è di comparare questo scooter con uno tradizionale considerando il ciclo di vita del prodotto. Il mezzo di trasporto a due ruote è stato scelto perché considerato più semplice da modellare in quanto privo di componenti non inerenti al trasporto (es. aria condizionata, hi-fi, etc.). Questo report anzitutto include una definizione del caso di studio, questa sezione presenta anche una descrizione delle principali tecnologie coinvolte nel prodotto studiato. In questa parte del lavoro è anche riportato il risultato di interviste a rottamatori di scooter per illustrare l’attuale iter di rottamazione di uno scooter. La parte centrale della tesi tratta i differenti scenari di riciclaggio. Sfruttando la mentalità Material Hygiene vengono proposte un’analisi qualitativa e differenti scenari di rici claggio. Gli scenari di riciclaggio coinvologono il progettista a livelli differenti. Questi scenari riguardano i componenti del sistema di propulsione elettrico. Essi sono principalmente il motore elettrico e le batterie al litio. L’ultima parte dell’analisi riguarda il Life Cycle Assessment di uno scooter elettrico al fine di dare un significato quantitativo al confronto tra i cicli di vita delle due alternative. Inoltre, il life cycle assessment ha lo scopo di verificare e quantificare i benefici di impatto ambientale collegati all’adozione degli scenari di riciclaggio proposti. Per svolgere il Life Cycle Assessment è stato usato un sofware, SimaPro 7.3. Questo software permette all’utente di inserire l’elenco dei materiali di un prodotto e di associare a ciascun materiale il proprio impatto ambientale. Il software ha a disposizione per la modellazione i database di impatto ambientale EcoInvent 2.2. Parole chiave: scooter elettrico, batteria al litio, magnete permanente, neodimio, Material Hygiene, Design for Disassembly, Life Cycle Assessment, LCA

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Corado, Filipe Alexandre Anacleto. "Design e higiene pessoal em contexto de escassez." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11307.

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Hallett, Laura Ann. "Design and laboratory evaluation of an inexpensive noise sensor." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5768.

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Noise is a pervasive workplace hazard that varies spatially and temporally. Hazard mapping is a useful way to communicate intensity and distribution of noise sources in the workplace. These maps can be created using a stationary network of sensors, although the cost of noise measurement instruments has prohibited their use in such a network. The objectives for this work were to (1) develop an inexpensive noise sensor (<$100) that measures A-weighted sound pressure levels within ±2 dBA of a Type 2 sound level meter (SLM, ~$1,800); and (2) evaluate 50 noise sensors before field deployment as part of an inexpensive sensor network. The inexpensive noise sensor consists of an electret condenser microphone, an amplifier circuit, and a microcontroller with a small form factor (28mm by 47 mm by 9 mm) than can be operated as a stand-alone unit. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate 50 of the new sensors at 5 test levels. The testing levels were (1) ambient noise in a quiet office, (2) a pink noise test signal from 65 to 85 dBA in 10 dBA increments, and, (3) 94 dBA using a SLM calibrator. The difference between the output of the sensor and SLM were computed for each level and overall. Ninety-four percent of the noise sensors (n=46) were within ± 2 dBA of the SLM for noise levels from 65 dBA to 94 dBA. As noise level increased, bias decreased, ranging from 18.3% in the quiet office to 0.48% at 94 dBA. Overall bias of the sensors was 0.83% across the 75 dBA to 94 dBA range. These sensors are available for a variety of uses and can be customized for many applications, including incorporation into a stationary sensor network for continuously monitoring noise in manufacturing environments.

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McCollom, Theresa Iren Szabo. "Design and evaluation of a high-flowrate nanoparticle respiratory deposistion (NRD) sampler." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5567.

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A high-flow (10 L/min) nanoparticle respiratory deposition (NRD) sampler was designed and evaluated to facilitate lower limits of quantification (LOQ) for metal nanoparticles than a low-flow (2.5 L/min) version. The high-flow NRD consists of an inlet, impactor stage, diffusion stage, and a final filter. For the impactor stage, three nozzle sections each containing 12 nozzles were designed from theory to achieve a cut-off diameter (d50) of 300 nm. Various depths of 37-mm-diameter foam cylinders were tested for the diffusion stage to obtain a collection efficiency curve similar to the deposition of nanoparticles in the human respiratory tract, the nanoparticulate matter (NPM) criterion. The objective for the final filter was a collection efficiency of near 100% with minimal pressure drop. The collection efficiencies by size and pressure drop were measured for all components. The impactor stage with one of the nozzle plates had a d50 of 305 nm. The collection efficiency for the foam with a depth of 7 cm adjusted for presence of the impactor was the closest match to the NPM curve with a R2 value of 0.96. Chemical analysis of the metal content for foam media affirmed that the high-flow NRD would require less sampling time to meet LOQs than the 2.5 L/min NRD. The final filter with a modified support pad had a collection efficiency near 100%. The overall pressure drop of the sampler 4.4 kPa (17.5 in. H2O) limits its ability to operate with available belt-mounted personal sampling pumps, although modifications to the sampler design could eliminate this constraint.

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Jiacheng, Cai, Yang Chunhong, and Chen Cenan. "Design and Control of Trailer Based Shopping Cart Washing System." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11970.

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The shopping trolley have been frequently used in our daily life. However, the hygiene condition of cart makes people worry a lot, especially the handle brothers. Nowadays, several methods have been proposed to clean the shopping carts but considered uneconomic and inflexible. In this study, we aim to design an integrated cart washing system based on a trailer applied to medium or small supermarket. This system should be more efficient, economic, easily to operate, safer and les water consummation. The integrated cart washing system has three basic functions of washing, disinfection and drying. The system is controlled by PLC program, all steps in the cleaning process are fully automatic insider the trailer and each component are adjustable according to various shopping carts. The system only requires one person to operate and it costs 30 seconds to wash a single cart, able to wash up to 120 cart/hour. Disinfection and drying steps provide high washing quality. Moreover, water-recycling design can save part of wasted water. The modelling and assembly was designed in Autodesk Inventor 2016, the hardware design circuit-writing diagram was performed in AutoCAD, the software design of Programmable logic controller (PLC) was made in STEP 7-Micro/Win. Theoretical calculation and simulation prove the safety and possibility of our system. We concluded that this system might have commercial interests in the market.

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Andrews, Nicholas J. "The design and analysis of post-licensure vaccine safety studies : lessons from seven studies in the United Kingdom 2001-2011." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57464/.

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Post-licensure surveillance of vaccine safety comprises of monitoring of adverse events, identification of those events that may be vaccine associated and, where necessary, controlled epidemiological studies to help assess causality. At the Health Protection Agency (HPA) in England a system for performing epidemiological studies using linked hospital episodes and immunisation data was established in the 1990s along with a new statistical approach called the self-controlled case-series (SCCS) for use on datasets which only include individuals with the adverse event of interest. In this thesis by published works I use seven publications from HPA studies addressing a variety of safety concerns to demonstrate the importance of such epidemiological studies and to form a framework which helps address the issues that need considering when doing vaccine safety studies. The seven studies are i) intussusception and oral polio vaccine, ii) measles-mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism, iii) thimerosal in vaccines and neurodevelopment, iv) meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine and purpura/convulsions, v) diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines and various common and rare events, vi) pandemic influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and finally vii) MMR vaccine and thrombocytopenic purpura (TP). These studies helped allay safety concerns or, in the case of MMR and TP quantify a true risk. The framework developed covers issues around defining the question, data sources and case-finding, study design and study implementation. In particular issues relevant to the use of the SCCS method are addressed such as ensuring independence of multiple events and bias due to vaccine contraindication. In conclusion the usefulness of epidemiological studies on vaccine safety and of the SCCS method has been demonstrated within a framework that can help with performing future studies.

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Erdozain, Gonzalo. "Best practices for designing and planning events where human-animal interactions are encouraged, based on observations of risk behaviors and hand hygiene at such events." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15838.

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Master of Public Health
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Douglas Powell
Outbreaks of human illness have been linked to visiting settings with animal contact throughout developed countries. These outbreaks demonstrate that although contact with animals in public settings can provide educational and entertainment opportunities, the potential to spread disease exists if risk-reduction tools are not implemented, proper hygiene measures aren’t practiced, and precautions are not taken and reinforced. This thesis is divided into two parts. Part one is an observational study of hand hygiene tool availability and recommendations; frequency of risky behavior; and, handwashing attempts by visitors in Kansas and Missouri, U.S., petting zoos. Part two delineates best practices for organizing events where human-animal interactions are encouraged, in hopes it will lower the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Handwashing signs and hand hygiene stations were available at the exit of animal-contact areas in 10/13 and 8/13 petting zoos respectively. Risky behaviors were observed being performed at all petting zoos by at least one visitor. Frequently observed behaviors were: children (10/13 petting zoos) and adults (9/13 petting zoos) touching hands to face within animal-contact areas; animals licking children’s and adults’ hands (7/13 and 4/13 petting zoos, respectively); and children and adults drinking within animal-contact areas (5/13 petting zoos each). Of 574 visitors observed for hand hygiene when exiting animal-contact areas, 37% (n=214) of individuals attempted some type of hand hygiene, with male adults, female adults, and children attempting at similar rates (32%, 40%, and 37% respectively). Visitors performed hand hygiene more often when a staff member was present within or at the exit to the animal-contact area (136/231, 59%) than when no staff member was present (78/343, 23%; P < 0.001, OR = 4.863, 95% CI = 3.380–6.998), and in petting zoos where animal contact occurred over a fence (188/460, 40.9%) as opposed to visitors entering an animals’ yard for contact (26/114, 22.8%; P < 0.001, OR = 2.339, 95% CI = 1.454–3.763). Inconsistencies existed in tool availability, signage, and supervision of animal- contact. Risk communication was poor, with few petting zoos outlining risks associated with animal-contact, or providing recommendations for precautions to be taken to reduce these risks. Recommendations made in the second part of this thesis were based on these observations, recent publications, and the suggestions of many health agencies. It focuses on what event planners can do to design and plan a safer event, and what staff working at the event should be aware of in order to inform visitors and lower the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Part two discusses two primary tools to reduce risk of zoonotic disease transmission: sanitation and awareness of risk behaviors. Keeping facilities, animals, and visitors clean, and informing visitors of risky behaviors to avoid, while reinforcing positive messages within the animal- contact area, can lower the risk of zoonotic infection. Included with the second part, is a checklist (see appendix A) designed for visitors to assess whether an event that encourages human-animal interaction poses a high or low risk. By identifying possible risk factors, teachers and parents will be able to make an informed decision about the safety of the human-animal encounter.

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Rademan, Janet Ellen. "The identification of contextually relevant health and well-being information needs for the youth through human-centered co-design." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2409.

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Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
Available health and well-being information is limited in communities with insufficient health care resources. This affects the community negatively on multiple levels in which the health and well-being needs of individuals are not satisfied. This research project explored the impact of human centred co-design, using tools such as health and well-being needs questionnaires including a health needs assessment as well as a quality of life scale. The aim was making accurate health and well-being information more accessible to the youth. The target group was Durbanville youth aged between 14 and 18 years. The sample included different ages ( = 15), races (79% White, 21% Coloured) and near equal gender distribution (55% female, 45% male). The sample (N = 33) was comprised of three groups: Group A, B, and C. A Human-Centered Design (HCD) framework was used during the project referring to the following three steps: Hear, Create, and Deliver. During the Hear phase, stories and inspiration from the participants were gathered. Group A (n = 10) completed a health and well-being information needs questionnaire. Group B (n = 15) discussed the topic, and created affinity diagrams. This was how the health and well-being status and information needs were established. During the Create phase; frameworks, opportunities, solutions, and prototypes were developed by the participants. Group B co-designed the concept prototype: a possible mobile application solution for practical access to health and well-being information. Group C (n = 8) provided feedback and input on the concept prototype and created storyboards to visually display scenarios in which they would use the mobile application. This step produced a youth-friendly health and well-being information service concept prototype. During the Deliver phase, the relevant health and well-being information solution was established as a youth-friendly health and well-being mobile application: WeHelp. Also, group A, B, and C were introduced to a similar existing resource named MobieG. Thus, the present study contributed directly to the participants’ health and well-being awareness. The research provided significant health and well-being insights. For example, the youth of Durbanville revealed extremely low scores on the emotional well-being domain. The data collected makes it possible for future researchers to create a practical, youth-friendly, health and well-being information service.

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Tam, Karen, and Karen Tam. "Examining Productive Failure Instruction in Dental Ethics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624532.

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These three papers examine "productive failure" as a viable learning design to improve problem solving skills using open-ended problems. Productive failure, a teaching method, is based on the premise of unsuccessful learning performance in solving for complex problems with little to no support while yielding productive learning for subsequent problems. Kapur (2008) argues that hidden efficacies of learning exist in failure in which learners potentially learn through experimentation from their exploration and struggle in solving complex problems in a way that learners must first try and solve complex, novel problems on their own, but ultimately will fail to reach a solution. We have limited understanding if this type of design would be effective on complex problems with multiple solutions since previous studies on productive failure focused on problems with a canonical solution. In the three papers, I examine the extent to which students learn how to solve moral dilemmas in productive failure (PF) compared to lecture and practice (LP) and to what extent instruction in PF helps students learn skills in transferable problem solving. One paper describes a pilot study that was conducted with 21 second-year dental hygiene students. In the randomized-controlled study, analysis did not show significant differences on moral reasoning (p = .06) and transfer of knowledge (p = .58) between PF and LP instructional method. However, the effect size on students' posttest scores was high (d = .76) which as a result of the educational intervention, suggests that PF students demonstrated acquisition of new thinking and approached the complex problem in a more sophisticated moral way of thinking. To replicate these findings, the results from the pilot study were used to make adjustments in instructional and research design for a full-scale study. The second study on 77 second-year dental hygiene students from four dental hygiene programs further shows that PF students gained a deeper conceptual understanding and were better prepared for subsequent problems. PF students, I found, demonstrated greater shifts from simplistic thinking to post conventional thinking compared to LP students. Although PF students performed similarly when compared to LP students on their posttest scores in the moral responses, LP students scored lower than their pretest problem and the difference between pretest and posttest scores in LP School had a moderate effect in a negative direction (d= -.64). Findings in both studies suggest that productive failure design has the potential to help students reach a deeper conceptual understanding when they 1) analyze their own failure; 2) use the learned concept to build upon their own prior knowledge; and 3) repair existing mental models to successfully solve complex problems. As such, continued exploration of various instructional approaches like productive failure is still needed as alternatives to lecture and practice for developing problem solving skills.

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Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.

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The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.
Department of Architecture

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King, Larrie Leon Jr. "Private Labels and Personal Care: A Focus on Store Brand Package Design, Branding Design and Consumer Attitudes Towards Private Label Personal Care Products." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1400330956.

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Kasarová, Dominika. "Design pracovního exoskeletonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417057.

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Nel, Nicole. "A surface design intervention for adult inmates infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1436.

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Thesis (MTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007
This thesis focuses on an educational Surface Design Intervention (SDI) for inmates. It covers the present day situation, from 2006 to 2007, in a Western Cape correctional facility, regarding the needs of a selected group of inmates. This group of 20 inmates consists of 10 HIV/Aids positive and 10 HIV/Aids negative participants. The thesis argues that there is potential to plan, design and implement an educational SDI, in a group-work situation, with these participants in order to establish the SDI as a skills-development programme and a therapeutic-intervention and income-generating resource. In addition, this research study aims to understand and interpret how the various inmate participants, in a social setting, construct the world around them and what effect and impact the SDI has on them. This intervention is facilitated by two qualified art therapists and involves the use of different art materials through which the prison inmates express and explore their thoughts, feelings and concerns in a safe, contained and supportive space. The health and wellness literature provided the conceptual scaffolding against which to frame the SDI. The literature indicated that a holistic approach to rehabilitation and instruction is vital to help inmates function optimally in daily life. Ultimately, the SDI process indicates the value of identity formation, emotional expression and ethical development. The thesis concludes that oppositional discourses present in the lives of these prisoners can, and indeed should be reconciled in order for them to achieve a positive affirmation of their status. These polarities, once bridged, offer a moderating influence on these prisoners' lives, which contribute to their wellbeing and success both inside and potentially outside of prison.

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Hartinger, S. M., Claudio F. Lanata, J. Hattendorf, I. Gil, H. Verastegui, T. Ochoa, and D. Mäusezahl. "A community randomised controlled trial evaluating a home-based environmental intervention package of improved stoves, solar water disinfection and kitchen sinks in rural Peru: Rationale, trial design and baseline findings." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/347070.

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clanata@iin.sld.pe
Introduction: Pneumonia and diarrhoea are leading causes of death in children. There is a need to develop effective interventions. Objective: We present the design and baseline findings of a community-randomised controlled trial in rural Peru to evaluate the health impact of an Integrated Home-based Intervention Package in children aged 6 to 35 months. Methods: We randomised 51 communities. The intervention was developed through a community-participatory approach prior to the trial. They comprised the construction of improved stoves and kitchen sinks, the promotion of hand washing, and solar drinking water disinfection (SODIS). To reduce the potential impact of non-blinding bias, a psychomotor stimulation intervention was implemented in the control arm. The baseline survey included anthropometric and socio-economic characteristics. In a sub-sample we determined the level of faecal contamination of drinking water, hands and kitchen utensils and the prevalence of diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli in stool specimen. Results: We enrolled 534 children. At baseline all households used open fires and 77% had access to piped water supplies. E. coli was found in drinking water in 68% and 64% of the intervention and control households. Diarrhoegenic E. coli strains were isolated from 45/139 stool samples. The proportion of stunted children was 54%. Conclusions: Randomization resulted in comparable study arms. Recently, several critical reviews raised major concerns on the reliability of open health intervention trials, because of uncertain sustainability and non-blinding bias. In this regard, the presented trial featuring objective outcome measures, a simultaneous intervention in the control communities and a 12- month follow up period will provide valuable evidence.
This study received financial support of the UBS Optimus Foundation, through a grant given to the IIN and Swiss TPH. The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Revisión por pares

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Duignan, Patricia. "Dr. WHO?: The Science and Culture of Medical Wear Design." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3991.

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The multi-million-dollar medical uniform industry has not utilized advancements in garment and textile technology that could positively impact the protection of healthcare professionals and patients. In most cases the uniforms meet basic requirements – they clothe the professional in a recognizable way. Little innovation in design, function and performance, has been applied to these garments. This is particularly evident in the case of the stereotypical white lab coat worn by many physicians, despite evidence indicating that these lab coats may carry contamination and play a role in the spread of deadly bacteria. Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are among the most serious problems facing modern medical care, costing millions of lives and dollars annually worldwide. This research investigates the design and use of the physician’s lab coat – an immediately recognizable symbol of Western medicine. The research identifies the medical, functional, cultural and symbolic roles of the lab coat within the hospital environment and beyond, to the larger the global society. This thesis examines the extent to which the design of medical wear can impact the effect of hospital-acquired infections, support doctor/patient relationships and enhance the performance and behavior of the healthcare professional by envisioning a future lab coat which offers increased protection for physician and patient, aids in communication and enhances the performance of the doctor by utilizing digital technologies incorporated into the lab coat whereby the lab coat becomes the only tool necessary for the physician.

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Hanson, Kami M. "The Utilization of Mixed-Reality Technologies to Teach Techniques for Administering Local Anesthesia." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/850.

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The ability to perform local anesthesia on dental patients is an important clinical skill for a dental hygienist. When learning this procedure in an academic situation, students often practice on their peers to build their skills. There are multiple reasons why the peer practice is not ideal; consequently, educators have sought the means to simulate the practice of local anesthetic procedures without endangering others. Mixed-reality technologies offer a potential solution to the simulated procedure problem. The purpose of this research was to determine if students could learn the techniques for providing local anesthesia using a mixed-reality system that allows them to manipulate 3D objects in virtual space. Guiding research questions were: In what ways do using 3D objects allow for a greater understanding of anatomical, spatial, and dimensional acuity? Will students develop conceptual understandings regarding the application of anatomical and technical concepts through iteration? Will students demonstrate the proper technique and verbalize a level of confidence for administering local anesthesia after using the mixed-reality system? Design-based research methods allowed for multiple iterations of design, enactment, analysis, and redesign. The first iteration focused on building a knowledge base for designing and developing virtual reality technologies for use in dental hygiene education. The second phase of research increased in technical sophistication and involved a virtual system that allowed for student interaction and manipulation of 3D objects. The interactions supported students' learning through the association of anatomical, spatial, and dimensional acuity. Built-in learner prompts promoted the understanding and identification of anatomical landmarks for performing an injection for the lower jaw. Further, the system promoted self-controlled practice and iterative learning processes. Redesign and development in the final iteration focused on design improvements of the system that included an output metric for assessing student performance, a data glove, and a marker to assist in following student interactions. Results support that students learned "while doing" in a specific immersive environment designed for dental hygiene education and they increased their level of confidence for performing a specific procedure.

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Manjang, Buba. "Investigating effectiveness of behavioural change intervention in improving mothers weaning food handling practices : design of a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gambia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7471/.

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Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based and culturally adapted community level behaviour change intervention to improve weaning-food preparation and handling in rural Gambia. Methods: (1) A systematic review of the literature on weaning-food hygiene interventions. (2) Mixed method formative research to identify critical control points (CCP) and motivational factors for mothers‟ behaviour on weaning-food, (3) Formulation of the weaning-food hygiene intervention including performing arts. (4) Implementation and evaluation of the intervention with a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). Results: The systematic review found 4 RCTs on weaning-food hygiene interventions. Formative research prioritized 5 CCPs with 6 corrective messages and 5 motivational factors. For the intervention compared to the control arm the composite behaviour score primary outcome was 72% in the intervention versus 19% respectively (p < 0.001). Each individual behaviour was significantly improved except washing of pots dried on clean surface. There was a significant reduction of contamination of weaning-food immediately after cooking and before second feeding, of children's drinking water, of diarrhoea and respiratory symptoms reported for the past 7 days, and hospital admission for diarrhoea. Conclusion: Our public health, community level intervention for mother's hygienic preparation and handling of weaning-food was effective in rural Gambia.

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Houston, James G. "The Impact of Physical Environment on the Social Climate of Two Jails." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1139.

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In recent years there has been a strong movement to replace outdated and inadequate jails throughout the United States. According to the National Sheriff's Association 15.9% of all jails have been under a court order to improve services or conditions at one time or another. In addition, 960 jails of the 3,493 existing jails in the United States were built prior to 1950. This need for new construction or renovation has given birth to a new area of expertise among architects and contractors--jail design and construction. While design and construction techniques have improved, little is known of the effects of physical environment on the social climate of a jail. This research seized upon a natural experiment in which an old, antiquated jail (Rocky Butte Jail) was replaced by a new, ultra-modern 470 bed high-rise jail (Multnomah County Detention Center). The question of what kind of physical environment change affects the social climate of a jail has broad implications with regard to design and construction of jails and other secure facilities. If the answer to this question can be determined, then it may be possible to provide improved service delivery in local jails, increase staff satisfaction with the work environment of jails, and improve mental and emotional health of jail staff and inmates; all of which can be translated into savings to the taxpayer. This study is a pre- and post-event research investigation that used the Rocky Butte Jail and the Multnomah County Detention Center as the setting for this inquiry. The Sonoma County (California) and Salt Lake County (Utah) jails served as control jails. The Correctional Institution Environmental Scale was administered to 877 inmates and staff in the four jails in 1983 and 1984. While the evidence is somewhat inconclusive, the Analysis of Covariance suggests that the inmates and staff as a group believe that there is a positive social climate in the Multnomah County Detention Center. This is expressed in terms of perceived support from fellow inmates and fellow officers and that the jail is orderly and well managed. In addition, inmates and staff as separate groups and in toto have a clear perception of what is expected of them. More important, perhaps, is the indication that well written and clear Policies and Procedures contribute greatly to the orderly management of an institution of this size. Finally, the data leads one to the conclusion that it may never be possible to gain a complete grasp of social climate in an institution of this nature. In general, this research provides a contribution to the literature and to future discussions of jail construction and design.

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Nicaragua, Odila. "Design and application of a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in La Rinconada and Cuambo." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5407.

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This study was done with the objective of designing and applying a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the rural communities of Ibarra canton: La Riconada and Cuambo. For this, information was collected on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the eating habits of pregnant women. These results were used to identify content and recommendations to reinforce and/or instruct about eating during pregnancy. Nutrition education was based on the methodology of the improved practices test, which consisted of testing the recommendations in families' homes before recommending them and recording information on their acceptability. The results indicate that pregnant women in the two communities don't eat all the food groups every day. They need to increase the consumption of foods rich in calcium and iron, as well as foods that supply energy, protein, and fats. The pregnant women don't eat additional foods to cover these recommendations during the pregnancy. Despite the knowledge they have and the lessons they received, there are women who don't eat greens, vegetables, and fruits because they don't like them, and those who do eat them don't meet the established nutritional recommendations. The women prefer to eat artificial drinks with unboiled water, and they do not look after personal hygiene. The test of improved practices has been useful for observing if they really put in practice the knowledge about eating during pregnancy, and at the same time it helped design the educational proposal that served as a guide to help improve eating practices of pregnant women in the two rural communities, considering their motivations and recommendations.

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Thudén, Lisa. "Trygghet i stadsmiljöer och offentliga toaletter : Feeling safe in public spaces and restrooms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167027.

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Utformningen av våra offentliga miljöer bidrar till att många känner sig otrygga, och oron att utsättas för brott medför att många, speciellt kvinnor, undviker att vistas utomhus. Detta visar att åtgärder som ökar rörligheten och tryggheten för kvinnor i det offentliga rummet är nödvändiga. Detta projekt behandlar ämnet trygghet på offentliga platser, och fokus ligger på offentliga toaletter. Frågan är aktuell och grundar sig i det faktum att det traditionellt sett har byggts fler offentliga toaletter för män än för kvinnor, och att de sällan är utformade för flickor, kvinnor och småbarnsföräldrars behov. Projektets syfte är att förbättra tillgången, utformningen och/eller upplevelsen av offentliga toaletter. Att genom design undersöka hur det offentliga rummet kan bli mer tryggt och tillgängligt för män och kvinnor på lika villkor.
The planning, structure and shape of our urban environments affects our mindsets and perception of safety. The fear of being exposed to crimes causes many, especially women, to avoid certain public places completely. This proves the necessity of increasing and improving the mobility and safety for women in public spaces. This is the topic of this project, and the focus is on public toilets. The issue is relevant and it is based on the fact that cities traditionally have provided more toilets adapted to men (such as urinals), and existing toilets rarely being designed and equipped to fit the needs of women, girls and parents of young children. The purpose of this project is to improve the availability, design and experience of public restrooms. How can one, using design, improve the public space to feel more safe and accessible for men and women on equal terms.

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Strauss, Juliane. "Klinische Effektivität zweier neuartiger elektrischer Zahnbürsten im Vergleich zu einer konventionellen Handzahnbürste." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15448.

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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zwei neuartige elektrische Zahnbürsten (Braun Oral-B 3D Excel & Cybersonic 2) mit einer Handzahnbürste (Elmex 29) in ihrer klinischen Effizienz bei der Reduktion von Plaque und Gingivitis zu vergleichen. 120 Probanden, deren Mundhygiene Verbesserungspotenzial aufwies, nahmen an der Studie teil, die einem untersucherblinden Parallel-Design folgte. Die Probanden wurden den Testzahnbürsten entsprechend randomisiert auf drei Gruppen verteilt. Nach der Screening-Untersuchung erhielt jeder Teilnehmer eine professionelle Zahnreinigung. Während der Baseline-Untersuchung erfolgte die Objektivierung des Mundhygieneniveaus der Probanden mittels Indizes für den Plaquebefall (QHI, API) und den Entzündungsgrad der Gingiva (PBI). Anschließend verwendeten die Probanden die jeweilige Testbürste acht Wochen lang zweimal täglich für zwei Minuten im Hausgebrauch. Das Mundhygieneniveau der Teilnehmer wurde in einer Zwischenuntersuchung nach vier Wochen und einer Abschlussuntersuchung nach acht Wochen mittels der drei Indizes (QHI, API, PBI) reevaluiert. Die statistische Auswertung zeigte, dass nach vier und acht Wochen, alle Indizes betreffend, die Anwendung beider elektrischer Bürsten in Verbesserungen resultierte, die den Ergebnissen der Handzahnbürste statistisch signifikant überlegen waren (p < 0,001). Die Cybersonic 2 war der Braun Oral-B 3D Excel im Hinblick auf die approximale Plaquereduktion nach acht Wochen (p < 0,05) sowie die Gingivititsreduktion nach vier und acht Wochen unterlegen (p < 0,01). Man kann schlussfolgern, dass Braun Oral-B 3D Excel und Cybersonic 2 Plaque und Gingivitis effektiver als eine manuelle Zahnbürste reduzieren können.
It was the objective of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of two new power toothbrushes (Braun Oral-B 3D Excel & Cybersonic 2) and one manual toothbrush (Elmex 29) in reducing plaque and preventing gingivitis. 120 subjects, whose dental hygiene was open to improvement, took part in the examiner-blind parallel study. Corresponding to the testbrushes they were randomly assigned to three groups. After screening, each participant got a professional tooth cleaning. Four weeks later, at baseline, two plaque indices (QHI, API) and one gingivitis index (PBI) were recorded. Thereafter the subjects used the assigned toothbrushes eight weeks two times a day for two minutes each. The level of dental hygiene was re-evaluated after four and eight weeks. Statistical analysis revealed that all indices showed statistically significant reductions for both power toothbrushes which were superior to the manual brush (p < 0,001). Braun Oral-B 3D Excel was superior to Cybersonic 2 with respect to reduction of approximal plaque after eight weeks (p < 0.05) and reduction of gingivitis after four and eight weeks (p < 0,01). One can conclude that Braun Oral-B 3D Excel and Cybersonic 2 may be more efficacious than a manual toothbrush in removing plaque and preventing gingivitis.

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Chen, Hung-Chiao. "Exploring the Design of Nudging in Persuasive Technologies - Improving Sleep Hygiene." Thesis, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186125.

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Research on persuasive technologies for promoting healthy behaviours has been surging in recent years, but these technologies have the risk of being perceived as undesirable meddling. The current study puts forward a non-coercive and libertarian paternalistic alternative - the nudge theory. The foundation of the nudge theory is informed by the dual processing theory and can be categorized in two types - Type 1 nudging and Type 2 nudging. As design tools, two Type 1 nudging methods: default setting and manipulation of accessibility; and four Type 2 nudging methods: reminders, prompts, framing and precommitment strategies were selected to be featured. Sleep was chosen as the use case for this study, for it is associated with a number of non-communicable diseases yet considerably few studies of persuasive technology are about sleep. Better sleep hygiene is a significant means to improve sleep, therefore used as the design goal. The current study explores possible solutions for persuasive technologies for improving sleep hygiene, and better understand the design potentials and the persuasive characteristics of different types and methods of nudging. The research methodology is informed by scenario-based design. Five (four male and one female) academic professionals with backgrounds in interaction design, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence and robotics took part in the study. Seven scenarios and thirteen prototypes were created to illustrate the situations and present the possible solutions. Results also showed that Type 1 nudging is considered more convenient and effective. However, the sense of control is better preserved in Type 2 nudging. In regard to nudging methods, default setting is considered as the most eective method under the condition of goal-alignment, but prone to error. Manipulation of accessibility should be designed so that the navigation is intuitive and the integrity of availability should not be damaged. Timing is the most prominent factor for reminders, and the influence of reminders could be reinforced by prioritizing and cross-platform availability. The presence of prompts could be emphasized by purposeful placement, and appropriateness should be considered. The perception of framing is highly subjective, therefore it should be user-tailored and context-aware. The effects of precommitment strategies are able to access higher-level motivation, but should be reinforced with other methods. To summarize the design principles, when designing nudges in persuasive technologies, the following factors should be considered: goal alignment, intuitiveness, context awareness, availability and accessing motivation.
Forskning inom temat persuasive teknologi för hälsoinriktade beteenden har ökat under den senaste tiden. Dock kan sådana teknologier oftast uppfattas som en oönskad inblandning i människors privata liv. Denna studie föreslår ett otvingade och libertarianskt paternalistiskt alternativ för att påverka val och beteenden – nudge teorin. Flera tidigare beprövade designverktyg betonas i denna teori. Nudge teorin har en dual process teoretisk bakgrund och kan delas in i två typer av nudging –- Typ 1 nudging och Typ 2 nudging. Bland Typ 1 verktyg väljs default setting och manipulation of accessibility, och bland Typ 2 metoder väljs reminders, prompts, framing och pre-commitment strategies. I syfte att illustrera detta användes sömn som exempel, då det har länkats till flera icke-smittsamma sjukdomar och få studier har försökt att undersöka motiverande design i relation till sömn. Bättre sömnhygien är ett betydelsefullt verktyg för att förbättra sömn och användes därför som målsättning. Denna studie undersöker möjliga alternativ för persuasive teknologi i syfte att förbättra sömn. Dessutom undersöktes potentialen av olika typer av persuasive teknologi och metoder för nudging. Den valda metodologi är en informerad scenariobaserad design. Fem akademiskt anställda, fyra män och en kvinna, med bakgrund inom interaction design, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence och robotics, deltog i denna studie. Sju scenarion och tretton prototyper utarbetades för att illustrera en situation och presentera en möjlig lösning där sömnhygien kunde förbättras igenom persuasive teknologi. Resultaten visade att Typ 1 nudging ansågs vara mer lämpligt och effektiv. Emellertid bibehålls känslan av kontroll mer inom Typ 2 nudging. Default setting ansågs som mest effektiv inom betingelsen goal alignment, men med risk för bakslag. Manipulation of accessibility bör designas så att navigering är intuitiv och att integriteten av tillgänglighet inte störs. Tajming är den mest framträdande faktorn för reminders och deras påverkan skulle kunna framhävas igenom prioritering och cross-platform availability. Prompts skulle kunna framhävas mer igenom igenomtänkt placering där lämplighet är en drivande faktor. Uppfattningen av framing är mycket subjektiv och bör vara anpassad till användaren. Pre-commitment strategier har tillgång till högre motivation men bör förstärkas med andra medel.

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Rodrigues, Patrícia Andreia dos Santos. "Training transfer predictors in hygiene and safety at work." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12017.

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The PsycINFO Content Classification Code System: 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology 3660 Organizational Behaviour
Training transfer is essential to the improvement in productivity and development within the organization. The following study aims at verifying which the training transfer predictors in the workplace are and how efficient this transfer was in relation to Hygiene and Safety at Work. In this sense, the study included a sample made up of 30 employees of an organization in the area of food distribution who participated in a training session. Results showed that the training design is a predictor of training transfer and that the beliefs of auto-efficacy completely mediate that relationship. Results also showed that the support of the supervisor constitutes a moderator in the relationship between autoefficacy beliefs and training transfer. These findings reveal how important it is for organizations to adequately manage the predictors and moderators in order to obtain a good training transfer within the workplace.
A transferência da formação constitui um aspeto crítico para a melhoria da produtividade e o desenvolvimento das organizações. No presente estudo pretendeu-se verificar quais os preditores da transferência da formação para o local de trabalho e qual o nível de eficácia dessa mesma transferência, em ações de higiene e segurança no trabalho. Neste sentido, o estudo incidiu sobre uma amostra de 30 colaboradores de uma empresa no ramo da grande distribuição que frequentaram uma ação de formação. Os resultados mostraram que o design da formação é preditor da transferência da formação e que as crenças de auto-eficácia medeiam totalmente esta relação. Os resultados demonstraram também que o suporte do supervisor constitui um moderador da relação entre as crenças de auto-eficácia e a transferência da formação. Estes resultados revelam a importância de as organizações gerirem adequadamente os preditores e moderadores para uma boa transferência da formação para o local de trabalho.

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Streck, Filip. "Design luxusní pánské toaletní sady s použitím dřeva." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-428615.

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The aim of this thesis is to design a luxury shaving kit using wood as the basic material. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical section. In the first, theoretical section, the text deals with a summary of the historical development of the shaving culture related to the ethnic, religious and social aspects of male appearance. In the following chapters of the same part, the thesis deals with the typology of individual products, their usual material composition, their ergonomics and typical dimensional parameters of the basic shaving needs contained in a common shaving kit. The work continues with the description and comparison of modern and classic shaving and tries to evaluate both positives and negatives. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the characteristics of some determinants and the resulting requirements that should be taken into account when designing the shaving kit. They are environment and hygiene, shaving utensils are most commonly used and stored. The practical part focuses on the description of the whole creative process. It deals with the research of the current market situation, both in terms of product range and the strategy of individual companies operating in the field of men's cosmetics. The next chapters outline the process of designing from concept search through sketches and visualizations, through the creation of a 3D model to the process of creating additional promotional materials. The results of the thesis are summarized in discussion and conclusion.

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Šebestíková, Eva. "Návrh vybavení pro čekárny." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-94065.

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Shin, Kao Wei, and 高維新. "Research and Design for the Interaction Platform of Diabetes of Hygience Knowledge-The Innovation Design for the elderly with diabetes." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12519482744004932767.

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碩士
長庚大學
工業設計研究所
95
Due to the aging society is coming and Diabetes is more and more serious. Diabetes have became the forth of the advanced age main cause of death and increased year by year. And a teaching method of diabetes’s hygienic knowledge was belonging to passiveness at present. Therefore, this research discusses hygienic knowledge’s learning website and user interface and content. The research first discusses between the advanced age related physiology and the psychological decline question as well as the digitizing hygienic knowledge study , and by the advanced age user's viewpoint, discussion the design principle of user interface and website's content suitability. And then using usability engineering to evaluate user interface and usability question of 95 year fine healthy information websites. To collect agree with the elderly with diabetes of the stand of design of the Interaction Platform of Diabetes of Hygiene Knowledge. This research including four stages: (1) By observing and interview the elderly with diabetes, in order to help understanding whole teaching situation, the interaction situation and the demand of hygienic knowledge; (2) Using usability engineering to evaluate user interface of 95 year fine healthy information websites; (3) To be aimed at viewpoint of questions to propose and design the Interaction Platform of Diabetes of Hygiene Knowledge; (4) Finally, exercising the testing of typical task, questionnaire of satisfactory and analysis of interview. Discussion operation fluently, user's attitude and require of content and user interface to be a way of testing and verifying of design results for the elderly with diabetes. The research results to proposed suit to require of the hygienic knowledge's content and interface of platform. The stand of design and evaluating results of the Interaction Platform of Diabetes of Hygiene Knowledge. In the future the researchers can use this result to be a reference resource by interface design of the platform of hygiene knowledge for elderly and help to develop the foundation of the environment. of the orderly’s digitized hygienic knowledge.

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Tsai, Yu-Chi, and 蔡語綺. "The practice design roles-The store of product-oriented exhibition creative for the female physiology hygiene items." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2wvu6d.

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碩士
亞洲大學
創意商品設計學系
102
This research through female physiology menstruation requirement, and use design perspective to find out business deign and social design view of the intersection elements for the feminine fabric sanitary pads concept design. In which the human society and the environment of under the welfare premise. the products can be develop to commercialize emotion model and society ethical responsibilities, so that the mutual balance between the product and human, social environment, coexistence shared and passed on to a healthy physiological new knowledge, new concepts. The purpose of design is to solve human problems, and not just limited to the consumer market. Typically the product to include business and society design role. This design research is divided into four phases. First, preliminary analysis business design and social view design characteristics, both for the analysis of the role and problem solved nature to advance discussed. Secondly, comparative analysis of both the design view common elements, use the care role observe issues, satisfy human physiological basic needs and adding emotional factors in the design performance upper, into the fabric sanitary pad of design concept elements. third, comparative analysis fabric material and selection become a design concept major media, by means of product design to deliver the public, Menstruation is not dirty, polluted, disrespect for the gods, but the same as roses beautiful mature. fourth, to do a simple market research, understand the store manager attitude for a product to combine female physiology menstruation social issues exhibitions on opinions how the way. Finally, the way of the product store static exhibitions, highlight the status of feminine and excitation the rise of social consciousness.

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Alli, Aneesa. "Going green : looking at the impact of 'green' buildings on organisational outcomes." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13026.

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The aim of this study was to determine the impact that Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) design features of green buildings, have on specific organisational outcomes. The organisational outcomes investigated were physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, productivity, absenteeism and job satisfaction. These outcomes were investigated within two different green buildings, belonging to a large financial institution, situated in Johannesburg and Durban. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to employees via email inviting them to participate in the study. The questionnaires contained the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) questions, and single-item questions measuring productivity and job satisfaction. Actual absenteeism records were obtained of the participating sample from the organisation. Measures were taken before the participants moved into each of the green buildings and 12 months post occupancy in the green buildings. Measures of a comparison group that did not move into either of the green buildings were also taken at the same time periods. The final sample consisted of 175 participants. The results of this study illustrated significant differences in physical wellbeing and productivity of the participants in the green building situated in Durban. Both these measures increased 12 months post occupancy in the green building. The IEQ design features that were found to most significantly impact wellbeing and productivity within the two green buildings were lighting and air conditions. This research is important as there is a growing movement towards implementing green building design initiatives, however in order to be truly effective, the benefits of green building designs must extend beyond the benefits to the environment and also consider the benefits to its occupants (Heerwagen, 2000).

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Horne, Maria, G. McCracken, A. Walls, P. J. Tyrrell, and C. J. Smith. "Organisation, practice and experiences of mouth hygiene in stroke unit care: a mixed methods study." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7373.

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no
Aims and objectives To (1) investigate the organisation, provision and practice of oral care in typical UK stroke units; (2) explore stroke survivors', carers' and healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions about the barriers and facilitators to receiving and undertaking oral care in stroke units. Background Cerebrovascular disease and oral health are major global health concerns. Little is known about the provision, challenges and practice of oral care in the stroke unit setting, and there are currently no evidence-based practice guidelines. Design Cross-sectional survey of 11 stroke units across Greater Manchester and descriptive qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Methods A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 11 stroke units in Greater Manchester. Data were then collected through two focus groups (n = 10) with healthcare professionals and five semi-structured interviews with stroke survivors and carers. Focus group and interview data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework approach. Results Eleven stroke units in Greater Manchester responded to the survey. Stroke survivors and carers identified a lack of oral care practice and enablement by healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals identified a lack of formal training to conduct oral care for stroke patients, inconsistency in the delivery of oral care and no set protocols or use of formal oral assessment tools. Conclusion Oral care post-stroke could be improved by increasing healthcare professionals' awareness, understanding and knowledge of the potential health benefits of oral care post-stroke. Further research is required to develop and evaluate the provision of oral care in stroke care to inform evidence-based education and practice.

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(7847804), Grace L. Baldwin. "DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA AND OPTIONS FOR PROMOTING LAKE RESTORATION OF LAKE BOSOMTWE AND IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS FOR SMALLER-HOLDER FARMERS NEAR LAKE BOSOMTWE - GHANA, WEST AFRICA." Thesis, 2019.

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The Lake Bosomtwe impact crater is located in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa. The impact crater diameter from rim to rim is approximately 10.5 km wide with a lake located at the center. Three different districts touch the lake containing 155,000 hectacres of land. There are approximately 7,500 people from 24 villages, and 12 of those villages reside within walking distance of the lake shore. Within the last ten years, the lake has been subjected to overfishing and environmental degradation. The health of the lake has declined due to overfishing and algae blooms caused by improper fertilization rates. Because of these factors, residents of the area have been forced to transition to subsidence farming as their main vocation. According to the Ghana Statistical Service group, 97.6% of the population participates in some form of rural crop farming (Ghana Statistical Service, 2010). Experience with common practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer use, and erosion control is extremely limited. The lake has not been recommended for recreational use due to the excess runoff in the form of agrochemicals, liquid, and organic waste. Caged aquaculture and traditional fishing within Lake Bosomtwe is currently illegal.

A comprehensive Institutional Review Board (IRB) survey was developed for the six primary research questions to be examined. From these six research questions, 147 specific questions were developed. Three of the 147 questions were to obtain Global Positioning System (GPS) data for community households, pit latrines, and water wells or boreholes. This study sought to interview 10-15 farmers per village, for each of the 12 villages located along the shore of Lake Bosomtwe of their perspective on land use change/cover in the Lake Bosomtwe area, current farming practices, current water sanitation and hygiene practices, and current fishing practices. These surveys were collected in the form of oral responses, for which 118 small-holder farmers were interviewed. Of the participants surveyed, 66% were qualified to answer all questions, and 100% of participants completed the survey.

Some specific statistical tests were conducted based of market assessment survey. It was determined that no association between gender and level of education existed. Meaning, that female participants interviewed have just as many opportunities as male participants to pursue education beyond Junior High School (JHS). Yield averages between the villages on the north side of the lake with road access and villages on the southern portion of the lake with limited to no road access were determined to be significantly different. It was determined that road access does affect village yield. When comparing average usable yields between villages located on the northern side of the lake with road access or between villages on the southern side of the lake with limited to no road access, these results were not statistically significant. No significant difference in the scores for villages with road access on the northern side of the lake and villages with limited to no road access on the southern side of the lake existed. Therefore, road access does not affect village usable yield. Through statistical analysis an association was determined between people who practice bathing and washing in the lake and those who practice fishing as a form of livelihood.

Four decision matrices were created to prioritize the following items: Farm Components, technologies to showcase at an appropriate technology center, improved farming practices to showcase through Demonstration Plots, and extension outreach topics. The top three results for the Farm Components were: Appropriate Technology Center (ATC), Demonstration Plots, and a Micro-Credit Union. The top three technologies to showcase as part of the ATC are: PICS Bags, Moisture Meters, and Above-Ground Aquaculture. The three demonstration plots recommended terracing/erosion control, crop rotation, and cover crops. The highest priority extension outreach topics were: basic home/farm finance, improving health through washing stations, and post-harvest loss prevention. The top three priorities of each decision matrix will be the focus of further study, so that these topics can be developed and programs focusing on these needs can be implemented in collaboration with the community partners.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hygienic design'

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