Dissertations / Theses: 'Hygienic production'

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Padilha, Alessandro Haiduck. "Parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas e comportamentais em abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera via abordagem bayesiana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30462.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas e comportamentais em uma população de abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadas por meio de inferência Bayesiana. Os dados foram submetidos a análises uni e bicaracterística utilizando o programa MTGSAM. Os modelos consideraram os efeitos (fixos) de local do apiário, mês-ano ou estação-ano e o número de caixilhos com abelhas aderentes como covariável linear. As estimativas de herdabilidade apresentaram magnitudes de moderada a alta para comportamento higiênico (0,81 ± 0,17), produção de própolis (0,83 ± 0,16), produção de mel (0,37 ± 0,22) e taxa de coleta de xarope (0,39 ± 0,22) e magnitude baixa para a percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas (0,12 ± 0,13). A rapidez de coleta de xarope apresentou correlação genética de 0,21 ± 0,51 com produção de mel, de 0,45 ± 0,33 com produção de própolis, e de 0,05 ± 0,43 com comportamento higiênico. As correlações genéticas entre produção de mel, produção de própolis e comportamento higiênico foram de 0,20 ± 0,43, de -0,11 ± 0,41 e de 0,23 ± 0,31, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas foram negativas entre percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas e as características produção de mel (-0,63 ± 0,39), produção de própolis (-0,07 ± 0,50), comportamento higiênico (-0,19 ± 0,51) e rapidez de coleta de xarope (- 0,41 ± 0,51). As características produção de mel, produção de própolis e comportamento higiênico apresentam potencial para seleção genética. A menor percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas está relacionado a maior produção de mel e maior comportamento higiênico, mas não deve ser usado como único critério de seleção devido a baixa herdabilidade. A seleção de abelhas que coletam xarope mais rapidamente, prevendo maior produção de mel, promoverá pequeno ganho genético. Ao selecionar abelhas que produzem mais própolis haverá pequenos ganhos genéticos para comportamento higiênico ou maior produção de mel. This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for productive and behavioural traits in Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera. The data were submitted uni and bicharacter analysis using the software MTGSAM. The fixed effects considered in the models were localization of the hive, month-year or season-year and number of frames covered with bees as covariate. The heritability estimates were moderate to high for hygienic behaviour (0,81 ± 0,17), propolis production (0,83 ± 0,16), honey production (0,37 ± 0,22) and syrup-collection rate (0,39 ± 0,22) and lower for percentage of mites on adult bees (0,12 ± 0,13). Syrup-collection rate showed genetic correlation values of 0,21 ± 0,51 with honey production, 0,45 ± 0,33 with propolis production and 0,05 ± 0,43 with hygienic behaviour. Genetic correlation between honey and propolis was 0,20 ± 0,43, between honey production and hygienic behaviour was -0,11 ± 0,41 and between propolis production and hygienic behaviour was 0,23 ± 0,31. Genetic correlations were negative between percentage of mites on adult bees and other traits honey production (-0,63 ± 0,39), propolis production (-0,07 ± 0,50), hygienic behaviour (-0,19 ± 0,51) and syrup-collection rate. Honey production, propolis production and hygienic behavior traits have potential for genetic selection. The lower percentage of mites on adult bees increase honey production or hygienic behaviour, but it is not recommended as the only criterion for selection, due to its low heritability. Selection for syrupcollection rate will promote small genetic gain for honey production. Propolis production is positively correlated to hygienic behaviour or honey production.

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CORREIA, Liz Jully Hiluey. "Diagnóstico das condições ambientais e avaliação dos riscos microbiológicos no processamento de queijo de coalho." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1800.

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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-25T13:26:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIZ JULLY HILUEY CORREIA - TESE (PPGEP) 2011.pdf: 2928583 bytes, checksum: a3ed4fb2929161133b993b87881e3fdb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T13:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIZ JULLY HILUEY CORREIA - TESE (PPGEP) 2011.pdf: 2928583 bytes, checksum: a3ed4fb2929161133b993b87881e3fdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 O queijo de coalho é considerado como um dos mais importantes tipos de queijo produzidos na Região Nordeste do Brasil, sobretudo, no sertão do Estado da Paraíba, tendo em vista que, sua produção apresenta grande importância sócio-econômica e cultural. As cidades de Sousa e Aparecida, contempladas neste estudo, integram a bacia leiteira do Estado, e apresentam juntamente com as outras 7 microrregiões produtoras de queijo de coalho, destacada relevância. Diante de tal importância, a identificação dos potenciais riscos microbiológicos, que podem acometer a população, quando do consumo de queijo de coalho, tornou-se objeto deste estudo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo, realizar um levantamento das condições físicas e estimar os riscos microbiológicos em unidades de processamento, industrial e artesanal, de queijo de coalho, estabelecendo medidas de controle para os processos que garantam um produto final com condições higiênico-sanitárias seguras, do ponto de vista da comercialização e consumo. Para tornar possível a identificação dos pontos críticos de controle e o estabelecimento das medidas preventivas, foi necessário delinear o perfil higiênico-sanitário e fabril, e levantar os riscos físicos e biológicos presentes nos ambientes de produção, bem como realizar pesquisas bibliográficas em literaturas científicas, especializadas, para a partir dos dados obtidos, aplicar as ferramentas do Sistema APPCC e da Avaliação de Risco, e assim, ser possível estimar os riscos microbiológicos e estabelecer as medidas preventivas necessárias ao controle desses riscos. Foi verificado durante o estudo que a fabricação de queijo de coalho artesanal ainda pode ser caracterizada como uma atividade bastante rudimentar, pois não dispõe de nenhuma sofisticação tecnológica quando comparada com o processo industrial, e que as condições físico-químicas tanto dos processos quanto do produto, favorecem a uma multiplicação microbiana patogênica possivelmente presente. Evidenciou-se que os produtos encontram-se dentro dos padrões físico-químicos estabelecidos no Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade para o Queijo de Coalho, IN nº 30/01 do MAPA, mas, no entanto, faz-se necessário promover adequações nas instalações produtivas e nos processos, de forma a atender as legislações sanitárias, preconizadas nacionalmente. Muito embora a produção industrial disponha de programas de qualidade implantados, como as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), e toda infra-estrutura física necessária a uma produção segura de alimentos, os resultados das analises microbiológicas do produto reforçam a necessidade constante da re-implantação das BPF’s, sobretudo, na capacitação e conscientização dos manipuladores, da importância do seu papel no cenário de produção. Os aspectos estruturais da área de produção, especificamente as condições térmicas e luminicas, possuem implicação direta no grau de contaminação das instalações e dos produtos; o mesmo não foi evidenciado com as condições acústicas. Destarte, pode-se concluir que, o delineamento do processo e do ambiente fabril, associado à aplicação das ferramentas do Sistema APPCC e da Avaliação de Risco, permitiram estimar os potenciais riscos microbiológicos que acometem o produto, queijo de coalho, em suas diversas formas de produção. Tornou-se evidente a necessidade de intervenções técnicas e tecnológicas, neste elo da cadeia produtiva, que promovam a concretização das medidas de controle estabelecidas neste estudo, de forma a torná-la mais segura e competitiva. Coalho cheese is considered one of the most important types of cheese produced in the Brazilian Northeast, especially in the interior of the State of Paraíba, considering that its production is so important for the socio-economic and cultural aspects. Aparecida and Sousa cities, places of this study, are part of the dairy industry of the State, and present along with the other seven micro-regions which produce coalho cheese, a prominent relevance. Toward this importance, the identification of potential microbiological risks that may affect the population, by the consumption of coalho cheese, became the object of this study. Thus, the study aimed to conduct a survey of environmental conditions and estimate the microbiological risks in industrial and artisanal processing units of coalho cheese, establishing control measures for the processes to ensure a final product with safe hygienic and sanitary conditions for commercialization as well as for consumption. To make possible the identification of critical control points and establishment of preventive measures, it was necessary to delineate the hygienic-sanitary and industrial profile, and raise the environmental and biological risks present in the production places besides to conduct bibliographic searches in specialized scientific literature, for based on the obtained data, apply the tools of the HACCP and Risk Assessment, and thus be possible to estimate the microbiological risks and establish the necessary preventive measures to control those risks. It was observed during the study that the manufacture of artisanal coalho cheese can still be characterized as a very rudimentary activity, therefore has no sophisticated technology compared to the industrial process, and that the physicochemical conditions of the processes so as of the product cooperate for the multiplication of pathogenic microbial possibly present. It was evident that the products are within the physicochemical standards established in the Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality for Coalho Cheese, IN nº 30/01of ‘MAPA’, but nevertheless, it is necessary to promote adaptations in production plants and processes, in order to attend the sanitary laws, nationally recommended. Although the industrial production has quality programs implanted, as the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and all physical infrastructure necessary for a safe food production, the results of microbiological analyses of the product, reaffirm the need of constant re-deployment of GMP's, especially in training and awareness of food handlers about the importance of their role in the production. Structural aspects of the production area, specifically the thermal and luminous conditions, have direct implications on the degree of plants and products contamination, the same was not observed with the acoustic conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that the design of process and manufacturing environment, associated to the implementation of the tools of HACCP and Risk Assessment, allowed estimate the potential microbiological risks that affect the product, coalho cheese, in its many ways of production. It became evident the need for technical and technological interventions, on this link of production chain, to promote the real implementation of control measures determinate in this study in order to make it safer and more competitive.

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Otto, Clemens. "Reinigungsverhalten modifizierter Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-213189.

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Für die Reinigungseffizienz ist die Kenntnis des Wirkzusammenhangs zwischen Schmutzbeschaffenheit und Reinigungsverhalten bedeutsam, da der Reinigungsbedarf von den Schmutzeigenschaften bestimmt wird. Bisher ist jedoch unzureichend dokumentiert, worauf der Reinigungsbedarf von kohäsiven Lebensmittelrückständen im immergierten System zurückgeführt werden kann. Anhand von Reinigungsuntersuchungen in einer Fließzelle werden die Auswirkungen physikochemischer Schmutzparameter (z.B. elektrisches Potential, energetischer Zustand, Molekülgröße) von Proteinen und Stärken getestet, um Empfehlungen für eine ressourceneffiziente Reinigungspraxis abzuleiten. Die Vielfalt der physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen wird durch gezielte Modifizierung (physikalisch, chemisch, enzymatisch) simuliert und unter Anwendung verschiedener Analysetechniken charakterisiert. Die vorgestellte Durchflusszelle ermöglicht vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Abtragsverhalten an einer Vielzahl von Verschmutzungen in verschiedenen Messkonfigurationen. Es konnten Prozessbedingungen (Fließrate, Temperatur) identifiziert werden und die Genauigkeit der Fließmethode durch Vergleich von spektroskopisch und gravimetrisch ermittelten Abtragswerten gezeigt werden. Die Reinigungsuntersuchungen an Polymerverschmutzungen zeigten eine deutliche Differenzierung hinsichtlich Polymerart und pH der Modifizierung und können auf Lifschitz van der Waals- oder elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt werden. Die Auswirkungen hitzeinduzierter Strukturveränderungen und der Proteinvernetzung waren nicht signifikant. Der Grad der enzymatischen Stärkehydrolyse wurde über rheologische Messungen und den DE-Wert charakterisiert, wobei mit zunehmender Inkubationsdauer die Reinigungseffizienz in ähnlicher Weise zur Löslichkeit steigt. Die Anwendung eines Enzymreinigers aus Diastase verbesserte signifikant die Reinigungseffizienz von Stärke- sowie Dextrinverschmutzungen und es wurde eine Modellvorstellung abgeleitet, nach der geringer kationisch geladene, niederenergetische und niedermolekulare Rückstände einen kleineren Reinigungsbedarf erfordern.

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Carantón, Omar Arvey Martínez. "Melhoramento genético e seleção de colmeias para aumento da produção de própolis verde na apicultura comercial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-28072015-120112/.

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O melhoramento genético de abelhas Apis mellifera é uma ferramenta essencial e de caráter obrigatório para o sucesso e desenvolvimento do setor apícola. O nosso objetivo principal foi estruturar, estabelecer e fixar um plano de seleção e melhoramento genético com o objetivo de incrementar a produção de própolis por colmeia. Iniciamos este trabalho através da avaliação das características de seleção de comportamento higiênico, taxa de infestação de Varroa, incidência de Nosema em um grupo inicial de 50 colmeias. Neste grupo 40,4% das colmeias apresentaram um comportamento higiênico acima de 90% com valores de 71 ± 28,9 ± 4,22 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,7 ± 4,0 ± 0,57 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 300.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações, selecionamos três colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >90% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema. Rainhas virgens dessas três linhagens genéticas foram produzidas e introduzidas nos apiários de produção. Na segunda fase analisamos um total de 263 colmeias, das quais 12,9% eram rainhas filhas das colmeias selecionadas na primeira geração. Avaliando esses apiários através do teste estatístico ANOVA encontramos diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as médias de produção de própolis para colmeias com duas, quatro e seis lâminas (F= 25,4301, (p) <0,05). Observamos que 32% das colmeias produziram menos de 50 gramas, 37% entre 50 e 100 gramas e 31% mais de 100 gramas. Embora a troca de rainhas realizada nas colmeias utilizadas somente fosse de 18%, o resultado de produção das 34 rainhas selecionadas que foram aceitas mostrou que a produção destas colmeias, independentemente do apiário no qual estas rainhas foram introduzidas, foi sempre superior a média de produção individual de cada apiário. Do grupo de 263 colmeias selecionamos 60 colmeias segundo os resultados da coleta de própolis. Nestas observamos que o comportamento higiênico apresentou valores de 72,6 ± 25,0 ± 3,9 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,2 ± 3,0 ± 0,5 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 500.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações selecionamos dez colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >95% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema para formar o grupo de rainhas selecionadas durante a segunda geração. Das dez colmeias selecionadas seis possuíam rainhas filhas da primeira geração, reforçando a importância de trabalhar com material previamente selecionado nas colmeias de produção. Apesar de termos selecionado somente a origem genética materna, pela introdução de rainhas virgens, nossos resultados de produção já mostraram ser promissores. Genetic improvement of honey bees (Apis mellifera) is an essential and important tool for the success and development of the beekeeping industry. Our main objective was to develop and set in motion a selection and breeding program to increase propolis production. We began by evaluating for hygienic behavior, Varroa infestation, and Nosema incidence in an initial group of 50 colonies. Twenty of these colonies had a hygienic behavior index above 90%; the mean rate was 71 ± 28.9 ± 4.22% (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infestation with Varroa was 7.7 ± 4.0 ± 0.57 mites per 100 adult bees (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infection with Nosema was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected three colonies with the following parameters: >90% hygienic behavior, <5% Varroa infestation and no Nosema spores. Virgin queens from these three colonies were produced and introduced into production apiaries. In the second phase, we analyzed 263 colonies, of which 12.9% had queens that were daughters of the three colonies selected in the first generation. Evaluating these apiaries through ANOVA, we found significant differences in propolis production for two, four and six pieces of propolis (F = 25.4301, p <0.05). We observed that 32% of the colonies produced less than 50 grams, 37% between 50 and 100 grams, and 31% over 100 grams. Although queens were introduced into only 18% of the colonies, the production of the 34 colonies that had selected queens was always superior to the mean overall production, regardless of the apiary in which these queens were introduced. Among the 263 colonies, we selected 60 based on propolis production. The hygienic behavior values of these colonies was 72.6 ± 25.0 ± 3.9 (mean ± SD ± SE), the rate Varroa infestation was 7.2 ± 3.0 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD ± SE), and the mean rate of Nosema infection was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected 10 colonies with the following parameters: >95% hygienic behavior, <5% rate of Varroa infestation, and absence of Nosema spores to form the second generation selection group. Of the 10 selected colonies, six were headed by queens that were daughters of the first selected group, demonstrating the importance of working with previously selected material. Although we selected only the maternal genetic line by introducing virgin queens, the improvement in production has been promising.

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Gomes, Renata Valéria Regis de Sousa. "Avaliação das características genéticas de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) importantes na seleção de rainhas matrizes para a produção de mel." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/653.

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Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T16:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataVRSG_TESE.pdf: 4187159 bytes, checksum: 1407c0df06b55e7b10b6605b6b21cbe7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataVRSG_TESE.pdf: 4187159 bytes, checksum: 1407c0df06b55e7b10b6605b6b21cbe7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:06:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataVRSG_TESE.pdf: 4187159 bytes, checksum: 1407c0df06b55e7b10b6605b6b21cbe7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T15:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataVRSG_TESE.pdf: 4187159 bytes, checksum: 1407c0df06b55e7b10b6605b6b21cbe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This work aimed to evaluate africanized bee (Apis mellifera L.) phenotypic characteristics, important in selecting matrix queens for honey production. Thirty africanized bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies were transferred from partner beekeeping apiaries in coastal zone and South Zona da Mata of Pernambuco to experimental apiary of Animal Science Department (AEDZ/UFRPE). Colonies were fortnightly evaluated in the period from January 2014 to February 2016 and data of 89 queens of colonies or families were recorded. Energy and protein food was provided in off-season period. Infestation rate in colonies with Varroa destructor and infection degree with Nosema were verified, as well as hygienic behavior, queen egg laying, defensiveness and honey production tests were carried out in the first experimental phase and selection index (IS) was obtained of analyzed colonies. For the 2nd experimental phase, 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation queens were produced; daughters of matrixes with IS ≥ 8.0 and honey production was evaluated. Sixty-two out of 89 queens observed died naturally, presenting average longevity of 6.4 ± 2.9 months. Natural reproduction peak period is between September and December. The queen perform egg laying all months of the year, and as temperature increases and humidity and rainfall decrease, queen oviposition intensity is higher; thus brood comb increases. The diet used showed economic viability, avoided swarm loss and stimulated queen egg laying. Low level of Varroatose (2.92% ± 2.02%) and low intensity of Nosema infection were found. Success in queen cell production was 98% in acceptance of transferred larvae. Genetic gain was observed of 0.7 Kg in honey production at colonies with 3rd generation queens; which represents increasing of 5.4% of honey production, related to matrix colonies and 49.2% compared to production in partner beekeeping apiaries. These results are very encouraging, leading us to believe in breeding program success, using the variables and calculation format for selection index used in this work and give us subsides for possible adjustments in management of production apiaries, in accordance with environmental conditions of this region, aiming at professional beekeeping growth and increased honey production Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características fenotípicas de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) importantes na seleção de rainhas matrizes para a produção de mel. Foram transferidas 30 colônias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) dos apiários de apicultores colaboradores da região do litoral e zona da mata sul de Pernambuco para o apiário experimental do Departamento de Zootecnia (AEDZ/UFRPE). As colônias foram avaliadas quinzenalmente no período de janeiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2016 e foram registrados dados de 89 rainhas de colônias ou famílias. Foi administrado alimentação energética e proteica no período de entressafra. Foi verificado o nível de infestação das colônias com Varroa destructor e Nosema e realizado os testes de comportamento higiênico, postura da rainha, defensividade e produção de mel na 1ª fase experimental e obteve-se o índice de seleção (IS) das colônias analisadas. Para 2ª fase experimental foram produzidas rainhas de 1ª, 2ª e 3ª geração filhas das matrizes com IS ≥ 8,0 e avaliou-se a produção de mel. Das 89 rainhas observadas, 62 morreram naturalmente apresentando longevidade média de 6,4 ± 2,9 meses. A época de pico da reprodução natural é entre os meses de setembro a dezembro. A rainha realiza postura todos os meses do ano, sendo que à medida que a temperatura aumenta e a umidade e o índice pluviométrico diminuem, maior é a intensidade de ovoposição da rainha, consequentemente aumenta o número de quadros com crias. A dieta utilizada apresentou viabilidade econômica, evitou a perda dos enxames e estimulou a postura da rainha. Foram encontrados um nível baixo de varroatose (2,92% ± 2,02%) e baixa intensidade de infecção por Nosema. O sucesso na produção de realeiras foi de 98% na aceitação das larvas transferidas. Observou-se um ganho genético de 0,7 Kg na produção de mel nas colônias com rainhas de 3ª geração, o que representa aumento de 5,4% na produção de mel em relação as colônias matrizes e 49,2% comparada a produção nos apiários dos apicultores parceiros. Esses resultados são muito estimulantes levando-se a acreditar no sucesso do programa de melhoramento aplicado, utilizando-se as variáveis e a forma de cálculo para o índice de seleção utilizados no presente trabalho e nos dá subsídios para possíveis adequações no manejo dos apiários de produção, em conformidade com as condições ambientais dessa região, visando o crescimento profissional da atividade apícola e o aumento da produção de mel 2017-04-11

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Storgårds, Erna. "Process hygiene control in beer production and dispensing /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2000/P410.pdf.

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Leedom, Larson Kerry Reah. "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pork production facilities: occupational exposures and infections." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/539.

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This research focuses on occupational exposures associated with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in modern pork production facilities. This dissertation is composed of three related parts. In Chapter II, "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pork production shower facilities" we documented the presence of MRSA in shower facilities of conventional swine production systems where pigs were colonized with MRSA. We tested farms involved in different production phases (sow, nursery, and finisher) and geographical locations. In the two swine production systems studied, 3% and 26% of shower samples were positive for MRSA. Overall, the prevalence in showers was 19%. In Chapter III, "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pork production shower facilities: Adapting interventions from athletic facilities," we searched the literature for interventions designed to decrease MRSA infections in athletes. We then evaluated these interventions for adaptability to the pork production environment, and composed swine-specific guidelines for MRSA prevention. We implemented our intervention in a pilot study to reduce MRSA in showers and locker rooms and results were mixed. We recommend repeating this study with a larger sample, and better intervention management and oversight. In Chapter IV, "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in pork production workers," we sought to determine if pork producers report veterinarian-diagnosed antibiotic-resistant skin infections in pigs, and physician-diagnosed antibiotic-resistant skin infections in workers (including MRSA). We then examined potential risk factors for infection associated with biosecurity, including shower and laundry procedures, farm-specific clothing use (clothing worn only while working on the farm), and personal hygiene. No significant risk factors were identified for either skin infections in pigs or skin infections in workers. These studies provide evidence that MRSA can be found in pork production shower facilities, and that occupational exposures occur due to components of the biosecurity protocol. We designed and implemented an intervention to decrease the level of MRSA in showers. Our pilot intervention suggested that the impact of showers as environmental reservoirs can be reduced. We also reported the first prevalence estimate of MRSA infection in pork production workers in the United States. Livestock-associated MRSA remains an emerging issue and requires further study to determine the true occupational and public health risks.

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Spengler, Julia. "Investigation of the role of neutrophils in the production of autoantigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6519/.

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In most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), citrullinated autoantigens are targeted by autoantibodies (ACPA). However, the process leading to protein citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) in the joint remains unclear. In this thesis, I tested the hypothesis that generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), can contribute to release of enzymatically active PADs and citrullinated autoantigens in inflamed joints. I have shown that in vitro induced NETosis leads to release of citrullinated proteins and enzymatically active PADs both attached to NETs and free in the supernatant. In the SF from RA patients DNA levels correlated with neutrophil concentrations, and DNA levels and PAD activity were found to be increased compared with OA patients. Finally, I demonstrated the antigenicity of in vitro generated NETs and identified citrullinated histone H3 as a NET-component recognised by ACPA and RA sera. Based on the findings in this thesis release of active PADs into SF by neutrophil cell death is a plausible explanation for the generation of citrullinated extracellular autoantigens. In ACPA positive RA patients the continuous production of these autoantigens combined with pre-existing ACPA may result in the formation of immune complexes and perpetuation of the inflammatory response.

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Gabriel, Ana Paula Oliveira da Silva. "Contributo para o estudo da segurança sanitária na helicicultura em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5381.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar A legislação alimentar na União Europeia promove a segurança sanitária dos géneros alimentícios desde a produção primária e pelo circuito comercial com o objetivo de proteger a vida e a saúde dos seus consumidores. A União Europeia é o maior importador, a nível mundial, de caracóis terrestres, graças à tradição do seu consumo nos países mediterrânicos, em que Portugal se inclui. A helicicultura é uma atividade na área da produção animal que teve o seu desenvolvimento comercial nas últimas décadas do século XX e que foi reconhecida como tal em Portugal, a nível legislativo, a partir de 2007. De que forma a legislação sobre a segurança sanitária na produção primária é aplicada atualmente neste setor é o objetivo principal do inquérito aplicado, tal como identificar as práticas de maneio produtivo. As respostas dos helicicultores indicam que o setor ainda está numa fase de reconhecimento e que a implementação de regras de higiene transversais à produção animal ainda estão no início e faltam regras específicas relativas ao alimento caracol. As caraterísticas da espécie e as inerentes ao biótopo onde se desenvolvem, indiciam que os perigos devem ser identificados e avaliados os riscos com o objetivo de sugerir práticas específicas para a produção primária e operações conexas, que podem ser materializadas num Código de Boas Práticas. ABSTRACT - Contribution for the study of food safety in heliculture in Portugal - Food legislation in the European Union (EU) promotes food safety from primary production throughout the food chain, to ensure consumers safety and health. The EU is the world biggest importer of terrestrial snails, given the tradition of their consumption in Mediterranean countries, including Portugal. Heliculture as a production sector was commercially developed in the last decades of the 20th century and has been legislated in Portugal since 2007. The main goal of this work was the assessment of the current application of food safety legislation for primary production to snail farming using a questionnaire which also aims to identify management and production practices. The answers collected from the snail farmers show that the sector is still being developed and the implementation of transversal hygiene standards to livestock primary production are in early stages. Some specific rules related to snail as a food stuff are still missing. Species characteristics and the biotope where snails grow, suggest that hazards should be identified and risks assessed in order to promote specific practices for primary production and associated operations, that should be brought together in a Guide to Good Practice.

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Tam, Karen, and Karen Tam. "Examining Productive Failure Instruction in Dental Ethics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624532.

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These three papers examine "productive failure" as a viable learning design to improve problem solving skills using open-ended problems. Productive failure, a teaching method, is based on the premise of unsuccessful learning performance in solving for complex problems with little to no support while yielding productive learning for subsequent problems. Kapur (2008) argues that hidden efficacies of learning exist in failure in which learners potentially learn through experimentation from their exploration and struggle in solving complex problems in a way that learners must first try and solve complex, novel problems on their own, but ultimately will fail to reach a solution. We have limited understanding if this type of design would be effective on complex problems with multiple solutions since previous studies on productive failure focused on problems with a canonical solution. In the three papers, I examine the extent to which students learn how to solve moral dilemmas in productive failure (PF) compared to lecture and practice (LP) and to what extent instruction in PF helps students learn skills in transferable problem solving. One paper describes a pilot study that was conducted with 21 second-year dental hygiene students. In the randomized-controlled study, analysis did not show significant differences on moral reasoning (p = .06) and transfer of knowledge (p = .58) between PF and LP instructional method. However, the effect size on students' posttest scores was high (d = .76) which as a result of the educational intervention, suggests that PF students demonstrated acquisition of new thinking and approached the complex problem in a more sophisticated moral way of thinking. To replicate these findings, the results from the pilot study were used to make adjustments in instructional and research design for a full-scale study. The second study on 77 second-year dental hygiene students from four dental hygiene programs further shows that PF students gained a deeper conceptual understanding and were better prepared for subsequent problems. PF students, I found, demonstrated greater shifts from simplistic thinking to post conventional thinking compared to LP students. Although PF students performed similarly when compared to LP students on their posttest scores in the moral responses, LP students scored lower than their pretest problem and the difference between pretest and posttest scores in LP School had a moderate effect in a negative direction (d= -.64). Findings in both studies suggest that productive failure design has the potential to help students reach a deeper conceptual understanding when they 1) analyze their own failure; 2) use the learned concept to build upon their own prior knowledge; and 3) repair existing mental models to successfully solve complex problems. As such, continued exploration of various instructional approaches like productive failure is still needed as alternatives to lecture and practice for developing problem solving skills.

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Sá, Viviane de Souza. "Influência do método de higiene do teto na produção e qualidade físico-química e microbiológica do leite de cabra." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24052010-144133/.

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O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar se o método de higiene dos tetos das cabras reduz o número de microrganismos do teto e melhora a qualidade do leite obtida durante a ordenha mecânica. Para tanto foram utilizadas 12 cabras pluríparas da raça Alpina submetidas ao pré-dipping (1ª fase experiernental) e lavagem secagem e pré-dipping (2ª fase experimental). Durante as 2 fases experimentais, a produção, composição, contagem de células somáticas foi mensurada uma vez por semana durante três semanas. Também foram colhidas amostras de sangue antes (- 5 e 0 min) e após (5 min) o pré-dipping para determinação dos níveis de cortisol, uma vez por semana durante três semanas. No presente estudo o pré-dipping contribuiu para a redução do número de estafilococus e coliformes encontrados na superfície do teto, entretanto o pré-dipping não influenciou significativamente a CCS, a qualidade ou a produção de leite. Não consta na dissertação original.

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Williams, Ischer Sarah Ashlee. "Evaluation of a sprinkler cooling system on inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations in broiler chicken production." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3216.

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Indoor air contaminants such as dust and gases are present in concentrations that may be hazardous to worker health in poultry production. Poultry dust may contain inflammatory agents (e.g., endotoxin) and inhalation exposure has been associated with pulmonary symptoms. The current control practice to reduce worker exposure to poultry dust is the use of respiratory protection (e.g., filtering face-piece respirators). Limited research has been conducted to evaluate engineering controls to reduce dust concentrations in broiler chicken production. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a water sprinkling system to reduce inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations in a broiler chicken house. Inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations were measured daily for the production cycle of a flock of broiler chickens (63 days). Inhalable dust was measured gravimetrically using an inhalable sampler and ammonia was measured by a direct reading sensor. Sampling was performed on a stationary mannequin inside two broiler chicken houses. One house used a sprinkler cooling system to deliver a water mist throughout the house and the second house was an untreated control. The sprinkler system activated 5 days after chicken placement and continued through day 63 of the broiler chicken production cycle. The following sprinkler activation program was used each hour from 6am to 10pm: days 5 – 9 five seconds, days 10 – 14 ten seconds, and days 15-63 for fifteen seconds. Geometric mean (GM) inhalable dust concentrations collected in the treatment house (5.2 mg/m3) were lower than those found in the control house (6.0 mg/m3). The GM ammonia concentration within the treatment house was higher at 10.6 ppm (GSD: 1.80), compared to the control house (GM 9.51 ppm; GSD: 1.77). However, the observed differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.33 and p = 0.34, respectively). Concentrations of inhalable dust were reduced by 11β when using the water sprinkling system, however the reduction was not statistically significant. The observed reduction in dust concentration was not sufficient to eliminate the need for respiratory protection.

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Ognjen, Stevančević. "Serološki odgovor prasadi vakcinisane protiv cirkovirusnihNR infekcija 15. i 21. dana starosti." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=85632&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se na osnovu praćenja titra antitela klase G kod prasadi i tovljenika utvrdi uticaj vakcinacije na visinu titra antitela specifičnih za PCV2, kao i da se utvrdi uticaj vakcinacije na proizvodne osobine svinja.Mere imunoprofilakse, koje se ipak smatraju nezamenljivim u kontroli ove bolesti kod nas do sada nisu bile deo kontrole, nasuprot velikom broju vakcinisanih krmača i prasadi u svetu. Iz tog razloga, kao i činjenica da u na&scaron;oj zemlji nisu preduzimana ozbiljnija istraživanja, rezultati ispitivanja efikasnosti Ingelvac@ CircoFLEX vakcine proizvođača Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim/Rhein, Germany, mogli bi predstavljati solidnu osnovu za eventualno uključivanje pomenute vakcine u tehnologiju preveniranja cirkovirusnih infekcija u na&scaron;im zapatima svinja.Ogled je urađen na 900 prasadi podeljenih u 3 grupe po 300 prasadi. Prva grupa (A) vakcinisana je 15. dana života, druga (B) 21. dana , dok je treća grupa (C) bila kontrolna. Određivanje visine titra antitela specifičnih za PCV2 utvrđeno je indirektnom ELISA metodom.Na sam dan vakcinacije sva prasad su pokazala prisustvo antitela specifičnih za PCV2. Najveći titar antitela konstatovan je 7 dana nakon vakcinacije u grupi B i iznosio je 9,63, u grupi A 8,59, a u grupi C 7.33. Najniže prosečne vrednosti tira antitela kod vakcinisanih grupa utvrđene su 35. dana a najvi&scaron;e 90.dana nakon vakcinacije. U kontrolnoj grupi od momenta početka ogleda prosečan titar opada kontinuirano do 60. dana, nakon čega titar antitela speifičnih za PCV2 ima tendenciju rasta. Vakcinisana prasad imala su signifikanto veći prosečni dnevni prirast (+54g/dan kod A grupe i + 60g/dan kod Bgrupe), niži mortalitet (- 1.67% kod A grupe i - 2.67% kod B grupe) i niži procenat &scaron;kartova ( A grupa -5.67% i B grupa -6%). u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu.Daleko bolji rezultati dobijeni su kod prasadi iz grupe B, pa bi vakcinacija prasadi 21. dana života imala nesumnjivu prednost u odnosu na vakcinaciju 15. dana života, sa napomenom da je 15. dana života daleko veći uticaj maternalnih antitela na stvaranje i na razvoj sopstvenog imunolo&scaron;kog odgovora prasadi nakon vakcinacije.U na&scaron;im ispitivanjima konstatovani su povoljni efekti u svim fazama ogleda, te stoga primenjena vakcina zaslužuje da bude deo svakog zdravstvenog programa koji se primenjuje u proizvodnji kvalitetnih i zdravih svinja. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of vaccination on the amount of antibody titers specific for PCV2, and to determine the effect of vaccination on characteristics of pig production, based on the observed class G antibody titers in piglets and fattener pigs.Immunoprophylaxis measures, that are still considered indispensable in this disease prevention have not been part of the control in our country, as opposed to a large number of vaccinated sows and piglets in the world. For this reason and the fact that significant researches are not undertaken in our country, the results of Ingelvac@ CircoFLEX vaccine efficiency testing of manufacturer Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim/Rhein, Germany, could constitute a solid basis for the eventual inclusion of this vaccine in prevent tecnology of circovirus infections in our swine herds.The experiment was conducted on 900 piglets divided into 3 groups of 300 piglets. The first group (A) was vaccinated at 15 days old, the second (B) at 21 days old while the third group (C) was the control group. Determining the antibody titers specific for PCV2 was performed by an indirect ELISA method.On the day of vaccination, all pigs showed the presence of antibodies specific for PCV2. The highest antibody titer was found 7 days after vaccination in group B and was 9.63; in group A it was 8.59, while in group C the value was 7.33. The lowest values of antibody titers in vaccinated groups were found on 35th day and the highest on 90th day after vaccination. In the control group, from the moment the trial started, the average titer decreased continuously until the 60th day, after which the antibody titer specific for PCV2 tended to rise. Vaccinated piglets had significantly greater average daily weight gain (+54 g/day in group A; +60 g/day in group B), lower mortality (-1.67% in group A; -2.67% in group B) and a lower percentage of rejects (-5.67% group A; -6% group B) compared to the control group.Group B piglets attained the best results, so the vaccination of piglets at 21 days old would have an advantage compared to vaccination at 15 days old, although we note that at 15 days old, there is a far greater influence of maternal antibodies on the creation and development of immune responses in the piglets after vaccination.In our examinations the favorable effects at all stages of the experiment are ascertained, therefore applied vaccine deserves to be part of any health program which is applied in the production of high-quality and healthy pigs.

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Antonsen, Lisa. "Reduction of non-value added work at Essity Hygiene and Health AB : Opportunities for automation and digitalization in Baby products production at Falkenberg Plant." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70174.

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Today's new technology provides endless opportunities to automate and digitize operations. An increasing number of companies replace manual tasks with new technologies, aiming at increasing efficiency and productivity. This master thesis project was made in corporation with Essity Hygiene and Health AB at Falkenberg. In order for Essity to continue to be one of the leading manufacturers and maintain their financial ability, they need to take a step in the right direction towards a more modern production. The purpose with the project is to propose ways to reduce the amount of manual non-value adding work performed by operators, with focus on time losses, ergonomic and safety. The project shall deliver realistic concepts that reduce manual tasks performed by operators through automation, and find new ways to quality-proof the material. The project has worked according to an iterative work process where the cycle was repeated, until the outcome satisfied the needs. The project started with mapping the current state where Fenix 2, one of the machines, was selected for the mapping. Two weeks was spent in the production to gain understanding of the operators work tasks and working environment. The project did, among other things, observations, interviews, surveys, ergonomic analysis, flowcharts and spaghetti diagrams. The result from the current state shows that the refill of material is the most time-consuming task for the operators. It was also made clear, based on step counters and spaghetti diagrams that the operators walk a lot. The result from the mapping formed the basis for the development areas. The project chose to proceed with the material refill, walking and the quality and made requirement specifications for each area. An ideation process was used to generate as many ideas as possible for the chosen areas. The ideas then became early concepts, which were evaluated with weighted matrixes and feedback from employees. The concepts were then further developed into three final concepts, Ground Floor, Second Floor and Integration. The concepts shows that it is possible to reduce the manual working time with 4,5 hour per shift and decrease the walking with better information system. Further recommendation is that Essity proceed with the results, both the mapping and the concepts. The recommendation is to do another evaluation and include the operators in the process and after that use the results in this thesis as the basis for future implementations. Dagens teknik medför oändligt med möjligheter till att automatisera och digitalisera verksamheter. Allt fler företag ersätter manuellt arbete med ny teknik, i syfte att öka effektiviteten och produktiviteten. Det här examensarbetet har genomförts i samarbete med Essity Hygiene and Health AB i Falkenberg. För att fortsätta vara ledande inom deras bransch och behålla sin konkurrenskraftighet behöver Essity ta ett steg i rätt riktning och modernisera sin produktion. Syftet med projektet är att föreslå sätt att minska mängden manuellt, icke värdeskapande arbete hos operatörerna med fokus på tid, ergonomi och säkerhet. Projektet ska leverera realistiska koncept som minskar mängden icke värdeskapande arbete hos operatörerna genom att automatisera manuella arbetsmoment och finna nya sätt att kvalitetssäkra materialet. Projektet har arbetat efter en iterativ arbetsprocess där processen upprepats tills resultatet uppfyllde behoven. Projektet startades med en kartläggning över nuläget där Fenix 2, en av maskinerna valdes ut. Två veckor spenderades i produktionen för att få förståelse för operatörernas arbetsuppgifter och arbetsmiljö. Projektet gjorde bland annat observationer, intervjuer, enkäter, ergonomiska analyser, flödesscheman och spagetti diagram. Resultatet från nuläget visade på att det är påfyllnaden av material som tar mest tid för operatörerna under ett skift. Baserat på spagettidiaramen och stegräknarna blev det tydligt att operatörerna går mycket. Resultatet från kartläggningen utgjorde grunden för vilka områden som projektet vidareutvecklade. Projektet valde att gå vidare med materialpåfyllnad, gående och kvalitet och för dessa områden så upprättades en kravspecifikation. En ide generering användes för att skapa så många idéer som möjligt för de olika områdena. Idéerna blev sedan till tidiga koncept som i sin tur utvärderades med hjälp av viktningsmatriser och feedback från anställda. Koncepten utvärderades ytterligare till tre slutliga koncept, Första Våningen, Andra Våningen och Integrations koncept. Koncepten visar att det är möjligt att minska arbetstiden med 4,5 timmar samt gåendet genom bättre informationssystem. Vidare rekommendationer är att Essity fortsätter arbeta med resultaten från både kartläggningen och slutliga koncepten. Rekommendationen är att göra ytterligare en utvärdering och inkludera operatörerna i utvecklingsprocessen. Efter det bör resultatet i den här rapporten användas som grund för vidare implementering och framtida projekt.

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Cvengros, Blake J. "Concentration Levels of PM2.S and PM 10 Paper Dust in a Book Production Facility." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1972.

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Concentration levels of PM2.5 and PM10 paper dust were measured in a book production facility using a quantitative single subject study. Dust concentration data was collected in three processes of a book manufacturing facility; paper recycling, the digital pressroom and the digital bindery. Data was collected using the DustTrak DRX 8533 Aerosol Monitor, focusing on particulate sizes of PM2.5 and PM10. The data was used to determine if paper dust in the book production industry reached concentration levels that could have negative respiratory health effects on surrounding employees and to determine which process within the studied facility had the highest concentrations of paper dust. The study revealed that the paper recycling warehouse had the highest concentrations of paper dust. It was also determined that the paper recycling warehouse could cause negative respiratory health effects on surrounding employees. Further research is needed to determine the extent of those effects and potential remediation.

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Truyen, Uwe, Uwe Rösler, Henriette Brauer, Andreas Sommerfeld, and Evelin Ullrich. "Gesundheitsanalyse Schwein." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-87766.

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In sächsischen Schweinehaltungsbetrieben wurde ein objektives Bewertungssystem zur Tierhygiene und Tiergesundheit entwickelt und erprobt. Aus zahlreichen Untersuchungen in den Produktionseinheiten Ferkelerzeugung, Ferkelaufzucht, Jungsauenaufzucht und Mast resultieren Kennziffern zur Hygiene, Klinik und Gesundheit, die einen Vergleich verschiedener Bestände erlauben. Sie lassen stufenübergreifend auch eine Bewertung einzelner Produktionseinheiten zu. Mit regelmäßigen Untersuchungen ist zudem der zeitliche Verlauf der Kennziffern und damit des Hygiene- und Gesundheitsstatus möglich.

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Meyer, Eckhard, Hans-Joachim Alert, and Anke Böhm. "Verfahrenstechnik für eine wirtschaftliche Ebermast." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-131203.

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Im Rahmen eines Projektes wurden Haltungs- und Fütterungsfaktoren für die Mast unkastrierter männlicher Schweine abgeleitet. Die Ebermast ist verfahrenstechnisch umsetzbar. Sie kann den Betrieben Kostenvorteile insbesondere durch Futterersparnis bringen, solange der Absatz gesichert ist. Je nach Schlachtgewicht und Abstammung realisieren die Eber etwas geringere Masttagszunahmen, aber eine deutlich bessere Futterverwertung und bilden Schlachtkörper mit weniger Fett und mehr Fleisch als die männlichen kastrierten Schweine. Die Verlustrate liegt bei den Ebern etwas höher. Das Problem des Ebergeruchs kann nur durch die Optimierung einer darauf ausgerichteten Zucht, Haltung und Fütterung gelöst werden. Dazu wurden einzelne Faktoren, wie z. B. die Aufstallungsform, die Buchtenhygiene und die Zunahmegeschwindigkeit identifiziert.

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Facundo, Lopez Juan Diego, de Leon Vargas Carla Sofia Olga Ponce, Urquiza Arturo Ricardo Reyes, and Bazán Francis Renato Saldaña. "Proyecto de Emprendimiento sobre Dentífrico Orgánico en Pastillas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652747.

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Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable. We had the initiative to implement this project, due to the growing trend and care in people's oral health through organic products. Therefore, we have developed a research project, in order to implement and place on the market, an organic toothpaste made with natural products, which provides good protection and pleasant taste of fine herbs, also seek to be scalable and profitable over time. Ecosanna is directed to all people of both genders, from 18 to 55 years old, in the socioeconomic levels A and B, that reside in the area of Metropolitan Lima and take care of their dental hygiene. Our value proposal is focused on an oral care product elaborated with organic inputs and that allows to improve the dental washing system, through its sale in eco-friendly containers. The project is structured in three phases. We start with the validation of the business, which consists of validating the problem and performing the concierge, then we continue with the development of the business plan, where we identify our strategic plan, finally, we model the financial plan, where sales, profitability and financing methods of the project will be evaluated. To implement the project, it will be required to invest initially S/43,143, these will have the financial structure of shareholder contribution and microfinance loan. The project generates an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 158% and a Net Present Value of S/130,367. This means that the project is feasible. Trabajo de investigación

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K, C. Sharda. "ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL SANITATION FOR IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD IN RURAL AREAS OF NEPAL." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259761.

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Oliveira, Talita Carolina Bragança de [UNESP]. "Condições higiênicas e sanitárias em propriedades produtoras de leite de assentamento da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94686.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_tcb_me_araca.pdf: 470276 bytes, checksum: 44ca7ec77283f17829b95a45f4a7dd57 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Com o objetivo de verificar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias de propriedades produtoras de leite do assentamento São Sebastião (Andradina-SP), 62 propriedades foram visitadas para observação do local e realização de entrevistas individuais estruturadas, com aplicação de questionários contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas abordando desde a infraestrutura até o manejo sanitário dos animais. O tamanho médio das propriedades é de 16 hectares, com um total de 246 habitantes. Todos os entrevistados possuem casa de alvenaria, água domiciliar proveniente de poço, assim como fossa séptica para destino do esgoto. O destino do lixo doméstico mais relatado foi a incineração. Em 53,2% das propriedades a compra e venda de animais é realizada dentro do próprio assentamento. Dentre os animais que coabitam com bovinos, os cães estão presentes em maior número, sendo observados em 53,2% das propriedades. Em todos lotes há assistência veterinária dos técnicos do ITESP. A totalidade do leite é coletado em baldes ou tambores higienizados diariamente e armazenados em tanques comunitários distribuídos pelo assentamento, sendo o alizarol o único teste realizado. 100% dos assentados aplicam vacina contra febre aftosa e brucelose de acordo com os programas oficiais do governo. A mastite foi o principal problema sanitário relatado em 59,7% das propriedades. 62,9% dos proprietários entrevistados não fazem eliminação correta de carcaças. Observou-se que os agricultores realizam parte das medidas higiênicas e sanitárias, porém com algumas dificuldades socioeconômicas e até culturais e há risco de transmissão de doenças para os bovinos e humanos In order to check the hygienic and sanitary conditions of milk-producing farms from São Sebastião settlement (Andradina-SP), 62 of the resident families were visited for local observation and interviewed by using a questionnaire with open and closed questions, which addressed since issues concerning to general infrastructure until animal health management. The average size of the settlement of the properties is 16 acres with total population is 246. All farmers interviewed (100%) have brick house, water comes from wells and the sewage is disposed in septic tanks. The incineration of domestic waste is a common practice in 90.3% of the farms. The average dairy herd cattle is 30.6 and the purchase of new animals is done from other farms within the same settlement. Dogs were observed in 53.2% of farms in close contact with bovine. In all properties veterinary care is provided by ITESP’s (Land Institute of São Paulo State). Milk is collected in buckets or drums that are daily cleaned and stored in communal tanks distributed by the settlement. Alizarol is the only test performed every day. 100% of the farmers vaccinate their animals against Foot and Mouse Disease and brucellosis, according to Official vaccination program. Mastitis was the most reported health problems, presented in 59.7% of the dairy farms. 62.9% of the interviewed owners do not eliminate correctly the carcasses. Most of the farmers perform part of the hygienic and sanitary measures, but with some socioeconomic difficulties and even cultural and there are risks of disease transmission to bovine and human

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Brinson, Dawn M. "Effect of varying levels of carbohydrate diets on weight loss, ketone production, and urinary calcium excretion on overweight college students." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1339142.

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This study determined outcomes of a low-carbohydrate (CHO) and moderate-CHO diet on weight loss, ketone production, and urinary calcium excretion in a convenience sample of 14 (ages 18-26, m=2, f=12) overweight students at a midwestern college for one month in a two-week, cross over study design. Results showed significant weight loss in subjects over time (p< .01). However, no significant difference between diet groups over time for weight loss was shown. Outcome of urine ketone production remained unaffected over time and between groups over time. A significant difference was noted in urinary calcium excretion within subjects over time (p=.035), yet not between groups over time. These findings suggest that weight loss may be due to a decrease in water and lean body mass from glycogen mobilization. Ketone production was unaffected possibly due to non-compliance with diet recommendations and small sample size of the study. Urinary calcium excretion increases may be attributed to higher protein intakes in participants on the modified-CHO diets, possibly allowing for a negative calcium balance in the body leading to premature osteoporosis. Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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Oliveira, Talita Carolina Bragança de. "Condições higiênicas e sanitárias em propriedades produtoras de leite de assentamento da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94686.

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Orientador: Luzia Helena Queiroz Banca: Vera Claudia Lorenzetti Magalhães Curci Banca: Adolarata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho Resumo: Com o objetivo de verificar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias de propriedades produtoras de leite do assentamento São Sebastião (Andradina-SP), 62 propriedades foram visitadas para observação do local e realização de entrevistas individuais estruturadas, com aplicação de questionários contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas abordando desde a infraestrutura até o manejo sanitário dos animais. O tamanho médio das propriedades é de 16 hectares, com um total de 246 habitantes. Todos os entrevistados possuem casa de alvenaria, água domiciliar proveniente de poço, assim como fossa séptica para destino do esgoto. O destino do lixo doméstico mais relatado foi a incineração. Em 53,2% das propriedades a compra e venda de animais é realizada dentro do próprio assentamento. Dentre os animais que coabitam com bovinos, os cães estão presentes em maior número, sendo observados em 53,2% das propriedades. Em todos lotes há assistência veterinária dos técnicos do ITESP. A totalidade do leite é coletado em baldes ou tambores higienizados diariamente e armazenados em tanques comunitários distribuídos pelo assentamento, sendo o alizarol o único teste realizado. 100% dos assentados aplicam vacina contra febre aftosa e brucelose de acordo com os programas oficiais do governo. A mastite foi o principal problema sanitário relatado em 59,7% das propriedades. 62,9% dos proprietários entrevistados não fazem eliminação correta de carcaças. Observou-se que os agricultores realizam parte das medidas higiênicas e sanitárias, porém com algumas dificuldades socioeconômicas e até culturais e há risco de transmissão de doenças para os bovinos e humanos Abstract: In order to check the hygienic and sanitary conditions of milk-producing farms from São Sebastião settlement (Andradina-SP), 62 of the resident families were visited for local observation and interviewed by using a questionnaire with open and closed questions, which addressed since issues concerning to general infrastructure until animal health management. The average size of the settlement of the properties is 16 acres with total population is 246. All farmers interviewed (100%) have brick house, water comes from wells and the sewage is disposed in septic tanks. The incineration of domestic waste is a common practice in 90.3% of the farms. The average dairy herd cattle is 30.6 and the purchase of new animals is done from other farms within the same settlement. Dogs were observed in 53.2% of farms in close contact with bovine. In all properties veterinary care is provided by ITESP's (Land Institute of São Paulo State). Milk is collected in buckets or drums that are daily cleaned and stored in communal tanks distributed by the settlement. Alizarol is the only test performed every day. 100% of the farmers vaccinate their animals against Foot and Mouse Disease and brucellosis, according to Official vaccination program. Mastitis was the most reported health problems, presented in 59.7% of the dairy farms. 62.9% of the interviewed owners do not eliminate correctly the carcasses. Most of the farmers perform part of the hygienic and sanitary measures, but with some socioeconomic difficulties and even cultural and there are risks of disease transmission to bovine and human Mestre

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Agenbag, Michael Hermanus Albertus. "The management and control of milk hygiene in the informal sector by environmental health services in South Africa." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/109.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 Local government (LG) is under increasing pressure from the milk industry and consumers regarding their ability and willingness to carry out their mandate with regard to the quality control of milk, especially in the informal sector. The government and the milk industry currently have programmes underway to stimulate economic activities in the informal sector, targeting emerging cattle farmers for the production of milk as part of government’s Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa (ASGISA). These initiatives further increase the number of informal milk producers and distributors, which holds a further challenge to regulatory authorities. At the same time, the quality of milk from the informal milk-producing sector poses a serious public health concern. Most of the milk produced and sold by the informal sector is raw (unpasteurised), which does not meet the minimum statutory requirements, and the milking practices applied by the informal sector also do not comply with best practice compliance standards. Local authorities (LAs) are statutorily responsible for registering milking parlours and controlling milk hygiene quality from production stage to purchase stage in order to ensure safe and wholesome dairy products to the consumer. Therefore, LG should play an increasingly important role in ensuring that safe and wholesome milk is produced and distributed to the consumers. All metropolitan municipalities (metros) and district municipalities (DMs) should be authorised by the Ministry of Health to enforce the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act 54 of 1972) through their authorised officials – mainly environmental health practitioners (EHPs). Secondly, LG should have specific programmes, systems and resources to register, monitor, evaluate and control milk production and distribution outlets for continued compliance

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Ramírez, Montoya María Fernanda, Simón Farley Fareld Chacaliaza, Pariasca Jose Herrera, Barrantes Alessandra Ventosilla, and Yabar Stephany Gisella Gonzales. "Spartan Men Care." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652796.

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Hoy en día, no solo las mujeres se preocupan por el cuidado de la piel sino también los hombres. Sumado a esta nueva tendencia, se puede observar el ascenso de la preferencia en productos de origen natural que contribuyen al aporte de beneficios a la piel y a la reducción del daño ocasionado por los químicos. En este sentido, se ha encontrado un mercado potencial, los hombres específicamente del estilo de vida sofisticado, una parte de la población, definida por Arellano Marketing, como preocupados por el status, la moda y la imagen. Partiendo de la imagen, es sabido que en la actualidad el mercado de productos estéticos para hombres se encuentra en crecimiento desde hace algunos años habiendo generado hasta S/1,000 millones en el año 2018. Es por ello que “Spartan Man Care” busca abordar el negocio de los productos naturales especializados en hombres que se preocupan por su aspecto físico. Además, es importante resaltar que hoy en día a pesar del mercado potencial existente en los hombres, no existe una variedad de productos dirigidos a ellos, por lo que hay una oportunidad de negocio latente para trabajar. Actualmente, el total de hombres considerados sofisticados en Lima dentro del rango de 25 a 39 años es de 121, 392. De este total el 14% compra productos de higiene con regularidad, representado por 16,995 habitantes y S/3, 976,830 en soles. Finalmente, se determinó que la ganancia del proyecto, calculada a través del VAN, será de S/126, 316 de retorno sobre la inversión. Today, not only women care about skin care but also men. In addition to this new trend, you can see the rise in preference in products of natural origin that contribute to providing benefits to the skin and reducing the damage caused by chemicals. In this sense, a potential market has been found, men specifically for the sophisticated lifestyle, a part of the population, defined by Arellano Marketing, as concerned about status, fashion and image. Based on the image, it is known that currently the market for men's cosmetic products has been growing for some years, having generated up to S / 1,000 million in 2018. That is why "Spartan Man Care" seeks to address the business of natural products specialized in men who care about their physical appearance. Furthermore, it is important to note that today despite the potential market for men, there is no variety of products for them, so there is a latent business opportunity to work. Currently, the total of men considered sophisticated in Lima within the range of 25 to 39 years is 121, 392. Of this total, 14% purchase hygiene products regularly, represented by 16,995 inhabitants and S / 3,976,830 in soles. Finally, it was determined that the project's profit, calculated through the NPV, will be S / 126, 316 of return on investment. Trabajo de investigación

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Barrionuevo, Ramírez Alexa Rosario, Martos Carla Lizbeth Bueno, Mamani Melanei Marina Flores, Molina Natalia Del Carmen Pachas, and Echevarría Melissa Jenifer Tarazona. "Toallas higiénicas biodegradables “EcoPads”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651819.

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El presente proyecto sobre toallas higiénicas biodegradables “EcoPads” nos muestra la viabilidad, factibilidad y pertinencia del método científico realizado al producto con el fin de llevarlo a la ejecución. La higiene íntima es una acción que debe ser tomada con cautela por las mujeres sobre todo porque hoy en día se desenvuelven con ritmo acelerado en la vida, ya sea por trabajo, estudios, deporte, entre otras actividades. Actualmente existen empresas que elaboran toallas higiénicas que, por un lado, contaminan el medio ambiente porque sus productos contienen plástico y otros insumos químicos que además de dañar el ecosistema, demora 500 años en degradarse por completo. Por otro lado, estos mismos materiales deterioran la salud de la mujer, debido que puede ocasionar irritaciones e infecciones vaginales. Nuestra propuesta es satisfacer el mercado de las mujeres que apuestan por lo “amigable” con el medio ambiente y a su vez buscan evitar los problemas comunes de la zona íntima, las infecciones, ya que el principal compuesto es la fibra de hoja de plátano (musa paradisiaca) que aporta, es la propiedad antifúngica, es decir no permite la reproducción de bacterias en la zona vaginal. El rango de público objetivo son las mujeres de entre 13 y 55 años de nivel socioeconómico A y B. Para poner en marcha “EcoPads” se invertirá inicialmente 39,722 dólares incluyendo los gastos pre operativos. The present project on biodegradable hygienic towels, "EcoPads" shows us the feasibility and relevance of the scientific method performed on the product in order to take it to execution. Intimate hygiene is an action that should be taken cautiously by women, especially because today they are working with an accelerated pace in life, whether for work, studies, sports, among other activities. Currently there are companies that produce sanitary napkins that, on the one hand, pollute the environment because their products contain plastic and other chemical supplies that, in addition to damaging the ecosystem, take 500 years to completely degrade. On the other hand, these same materials deteriorate the health of women, because it can cause irritations and vaginal infections. Our proposal is to satisfy the market of women who bet on the "friendly" with the environment and in turn seek to avoid the common problems of the intimate area, infections, because the main compound is the banana leaf fiber (paradisiac muse) that it contains, is the antifungal property, in other words, it does not allow the reproduction of bacteria in the vaginal area. The target audience range is women between 13 and 55 years of socioeconomic level A and B. To start up “EcoPads”, $ 39,722 will be initially invested, including preoperative expenses. Trabajo de investigación

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Fazio, Tatiana Tatit de. "Validação de limpeza da área de produção de medicamentos contendo fármacos com alta atividade farmacológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-11122017-163003/.

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A Validação de Limpeza é um requisito das Boas Praticas de Fabricação, podendo ser definida como o ato documentado que atesta que qualquer procedimento de limpeza conduzem aos resultados esperados. Alguns dos pré-requisitos fundamentais para validação de limpeza de uma linha de produção são: definição das etapas do processo produtivo; especificação dos insumos utilizados na produção; definição dos pontos críticos de processo; qualificação dos equipamentos da linha de produção; definição dos agentes de limpeza a serem utilizados e validação da metodologia analítica e de amostragem. A validação da metodologia analítica e de amostragem utilizada na análise de resíduos presentes em equipamentos de produção é um dos primeiros passos para a validação de limpeza, pois garante a correta definição de agentes de limpeza e procedimentos adotados. O método de amostragem direta da superfície é o mais empregado para análise de resíduos, realizado pelo esfregaço com \"swab\" em área pre-estabelecida da superfície do equipamento que entra em contato com o produto. Após a amostragem, o resíduo é removido e analisado por metodologias analíticas específica como a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), a cromatografia em camada delgada de alta eficiência (CCDAE), e metodologias não-específicas, como a análise de carbono orgânico total (COT). A Validação de Limpeza torna-se ainda mais crítica quando são envolvidos produtos que apresentem alto risco a saúde, que mesmo em quantidades residuais podem exibir alta atividade farmacológica, gerando efeitos adversos graves. Produtos como os antiretrovirais, imunossupressores e outros que são utilizados no tratamento de doenças crônicas e de difícil controle são extremamente críticos se considerados como possíveis resíduos em outros produtos. The Cleaning Validation is a requirement of the Good Manufacture Practices, defined as the registered act that certifies that any procedure of cleanness leads to the aimed results. Some of the requirements for cleaning validation of a production line are: definition of the stages of the productive process; specification of the materials used in the production process; definition of the critical points of the process; qualification of the equipment of the production line; definition of the agents of cleaning to be used; validation of analytical methodology and sampling process. The validation of the analytical methodology and sampling used in the analysis of residues in production equipment is one of the first steps to be considered in the cleaning validation, therefore it guarantees the correct selection of cleaning agents and adopted procedures. The method of direct sampling from the surface is used for analysis of residues, carried out by using a \"swab\" on the surface area of the equipment that is in direct contact with the product. After the sampling, the residue is removed and analyzed by specific analytical methodologies such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), total organic carbon analysis (TOC). The Cleaning Validation becomes still more critical when high risk products are involved. That is the cause of residues with high pharmacological activity, generating serious adverse effects, such as products like anti-retrovirals, immunossupressents and others that are used in the treatment of chronic illnesses. The control of these substances are extremely critical if they are considered as possible contaminants in other products.

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Antezana, Febres Julio Abraham, Arratea Araceli Cárdenas, Coroneo Carlos Miguel Espinoza, Torres Sofia Gallegos, and Estrada Javier Set Rodríguez. "Proyecto de negocio basado en economía circular: Nuvem." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655101.

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El presente trabajo de investigación comprende diversos temas acerca de cómo se desarrollará la formulación e implementación de la marca de productos sostenibles de higiene femenina Nuvem. Esta ofrece toallas higiénicas eco amigables elaboradas a base de tela de algodón en el mercado productos de higiene femenina de Lima, Perú. El objetivo de este proyecto es presentar a posibles inversionistas un modelo y un plan de negocio rentable y escalable, que tiene el añadido de ser sostenible. Se inició este trabajo de investigación con el proceso de ideación de la idea de negocio, dentro del cual se describe el modelo de negocio. Seguidamente, se desarrolló el proceso de validación del problema a través de experimentos. Producto de ello, se definió el segmento de clientes, así como el tamaño de mercado considerando la solución propuesta. Posteriormente, se diseñó el plan concierge por medio del cual se validan las ventas, y con ello se armó la proyección de ventas para tres años, considerando distintas variables. Tomando en cuenta los resultados de la proyección, se elaboraron los planes para el proyecto: Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Marketing y Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Finalmente, la realización del Plan Financiero ha permitido conocer la factibilidad del proyecto gracias al análisis del pronóstico de ventas, costos, gastos, inversión y capital de trabajo. Así mismo, nos apoyamos en los indicadores financieros pertinentes para medir la efectividad de la administración del negocio y generar valor para los accionistas. The following Project comprehends different concepts concerning the formulation and implementation of the new business model, Nuvem. The purpose of this project is to offer a new sustainable option for women in their period, this being a reusable cotton pad. It is hoped this project will be noticed by investors who are in the search of new profitable and sustainable businesses. In the first section of the investigation, the authors describe the process of the business idea, in which the business model is defined. As well as the project’s problem validation through the application of individual experiments. Afterwards, it was determined the customer segment along with the market size in which the project would be based. Accordingly, to this, the concierge plan was designed and applied. This helped with the 3 year sales projection that was elaborated regarding different variants. Taking in consideration the sales projection results, the business plan was specify: The strategic plan, the human resources plan, the operations plan, the marketing plan and the corporate social responsibility. Lastly, the implementation of the financial plan has allowed us to validate the feasibility of our project. In addition, we rely on the respective financial indicators so we can measure the effectiveness of the business. Trabajo de investigación

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Chung, Yon Antonella, Arancivia Melissa Gutierrez, Huaman Milenny Marissa Jaimes, Dall¨Orso Andrea Valentina Vargas, and Azañero Miguel Eduardo Villalobos. "Estudio de la viabilidad de producción y venta de Jabón natural, Shampoo y Acondicionador en sólido Q´UMIR." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652748.

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En la actualidad el país ha ido aumentando el consumo de productos de cuidado e higiene personal, esto sucede por el crecimiento económico, el aumento de los ingresos de la población a lo largo de los años y que las personas buscan más información acerca de qué productos deben consumir según las tendencias. ¿Sabía usted que en un solo día una mujer puede consumir hasta 12 productos de limpieza con aproximadamente 100 ingredientes que son perjudiciales para la salud y el medio ambiente? Cada año se producen 120,000 mil millones de unidades de empaques de cosméticos y de limpieza personal y la mayoría para ser usados una sola vez. Es por eso, que en el mercado han ido ingresando muchas marcas internacionales al país y se han creado nuevas marcas a nivel nacional. Muchas de estas marcas que se encuentran en el mercado se han especializado para diferentes tipos de segmentos específicos, con características específicas como que sus productos están elaborados con insumos que cuiden tanto su bienestar físico como el del medio ambiente. Por este motivo, este trabajo de investigación se basó en proponer una alternativa de idea de negocio en donde los productos están elaborados con insumos y componentes libres de químicos y con un formato innovador.  Q´umir es una empresa encargada de la comercialización y fabricación de jabón, shampoo y acondicionador en sólido para diferentes tipos de piel y cabello (seca, grasa y mixta), le sumamos que utilizamos ingredientes naturales y ecológicos que brindan hidratación y firmeza. Currently the country has been increasing the consumption of personal care and hygiene products, this is due to economic growth, the increase in the income of the population over the years and that people are looking for more information about what products they should consume according to trends. Did you know that in a single day a woman can consume up to 12 cleaning products with approximately 100 ingredients that are harmful to health and the environment? Every year 120 billion units of cosmetic and personal cleansing packaging are produced, and most are for one-time use. That is why, many international brands have entered the country in the market and new brands have been created at a national level. Many of these brands that are on the market have specialized for different types of specific segments, with specific characteristics such as that their products are made with inputs that take care of both their physical and environmental well-being. For this reason, this research work was based on proposing an alternative business idea where the products are made with inputs and components that are free from chemicals and with an innovative format. Q´umir is a company in charge of the commercialization and manufacture of soap, shampoo and conditioner in solid for different types of skin and hair (dry, oily and mixed), we add that we use natural and ecological ingredients that provide hydration and firmness for women. Trabajo de investigación

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Cruz, Soraya Almeida Andrade. "Planejamento da produção e projeto de uma unidade de fabricação de produtos destinados à higiene pessoal." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/414.

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The vast majority of chemical products, both in number and volume, are produced by batch processes. Recent studies show that only six percent of the batch processes were satisfactorily replaced by continuous processes. This clearly shows the importance and permanence of such processes. These plants have a basic characteristic of intermittent production of a product with non-stationary operation, including steps of loading, processing, cleaning and drainage, what makes the project complex. Its use is recommended, or for technological reasons or to meet the need for a dynamic and uncertain market, as it is the case of products with high added value and small demand. An important aspect of this type of plant is its flexibility in producing multiple products in a unique plant. The batch operations are economically justified when a large number of products are produced using similar production paths. Due to the difficulty of predicting the peak and the extension of demand, such settings are frequently modified plant and equipment is usually small and versatile and can be used by a large number of products. Power must be flexible enough to adapt to market needs and product life cycle is usually short. Brazil ranks third in world ranking in sales of personal care products, perfumes and cosmetics. The industry in this sector, in the two study reaches, each year, more consumers. The currently complex and competitive global market requires that companies seek to optimize processes, reduce costs and achieve economies of scale. In view of this, we have the developed a mathematical model of large, from real data, obtained in a Personal Hygiene Industry, providing a practical application to the work on Design and Production Scheduling of Multipurpose Batch Plants, from Professor João Soletti, which enables to perform planning and design of this type of plants. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A grande maioria dos produtos químicos, certamente em número e provavelmente em valor, se não em volume, é produzida por processos em batelada. Recentes estudos mostram que apenas seis por cento dos processos em batelada foram satisfatoriamente substituídos por processos contínuos. Isto mostra claramente a importância e permanência de tais processos. Estas plantas têm como característica básica a produção intermitente de um determinado produto, com operação não estacionária, incluindo etapas de carga, processamento, drenagem e limpeza, o que dificulta o seu projeto. Sua utilização é recomendada, ou por razões tecnológicas ou para atender a necessidade de um mercado incerto e dinâmico, como é o caso de produtos de alto valor agregado e de pequena demanda. Um importante aspecto desse tipo de planta é a sua flexibilidade na produção de múltiplos produtos em uma única planta. As operações em batelada são economicamente justificadas quando um grande número de produtos é realizado utilizando caminhos de produção similares. Devido à dificuldade da previsão do pico e da extensão da demanda, as configurações desse tipo de planta são frequentemente alteradas e os equipamentos são, geralmente, pequenos e versáteis, podendo ser utilizados por um grande número de produtos. A alimentação deve ser flexível, o suficiente, para se adaptar à necessidade do mercado e o ciclo de vida do produto é, geralmente, curto. O Brasil ocupa o terceiro lugar no ranking mundial em vendas de produtos de higiene pessoal, perfumaria e cosméticos. A indústria desse setor, objeto do estudo, atinge, a cada ano, mais consumidores e a natureza do sistema de produção nesse setor é por processo em batelada. Com a atual complexidade do mercado globalizado e competitivo, é necessário que as empresas busquem otimizar processos, reduzir custos e obter ganhos de escala. Em vista disto, desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático de grande porte, a partir de dados reais, obtidos em uma Indústria de Higiene Pessoal, possibilitando uma aplicação prática à tese sobre Dimensionamento e Programação da Produção de Plantas Multipropósito em Batelada, do Prof. João Soletti, que indica como realizar o planejamento e projeto de unidades fabris.

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Guinebretière, Maryse. "Comment aménager les cages de poules pondeuses afin d'enrichir leur comportement, tout en préservant les performances zootechniques et l'hygiène de la cage : étude focalisée sur la taille de groupe et les solutions pour aménager l'aire de grattage et le nid." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4002/document.

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Depuis 2012, les cages doivent permettent aux poules d’exprimer leur répertoire comportemental (directive 1999/74/CE). Des difficultés d’aménagements ralentissent l’appropriation de cette directive par les éleveurs. Le but de cette thèse était d’étudier les effets de l’augmentation de la taille de groupe en cage et de chercher les aménagements de cages les plus efficaces pour enrichir le répertoire comportemental des poules, en préservant les performances zootechniques, l’état de santé des poules et l’hygiène de la cage et des oeufs. Dans nos modèles de cages testés, la taille de 60 poules par cage est préférable à celle de 20 ou 40 poules. Bien que non optimal, un tapis de gazon artificiel est préférable aux autres revêtements testés. L’apport de substrat friable en cages favorise les comportements de picotage, grattage et dans une certaine mesure de bains de poussière. Le son peut être proposé à la place de l’aliment en tant que substrat. Mais certains points restent problématiques. Des panneaux durs à gratter et picoter devraient permettre l’adéquation entre les besoins des poules et les contraintes de l’élevage How to set up laying hen cages to enrich hen behavior whilst ensuring zootechnical performance and cage hygiene. A study focusing on group size and solutions to provide pecking and scratching area and nest. As of 2012, cages must enable hens to express their full behavioral repertoire (directive 1999/74/CE). Difficulties in setting up cages tend to hinder adoption of the directive by farmers. The aim of this work was: first, to study the effect of increasing the number of hens per cage ; and second, to find out which cage set-ups were the most efficient for enriching the laying hens’ behavioral repertoire whilst also ensuring zootechnical performance, animal health and egg and cage hygiene. In the cage models we tested, 60-hen cages were found to be preferable to 20- or 40-hen cages. Although not ideal, artificial turf mat was preferable to the other mats tested. The provision of friable substrate in cages improved pecking and scratching behaviors, as well as dustbathing behaviors, but to a lesser extent. Wheat bran can be spread over the cage floors as a friable substrate instead of feed. However, certain issues have not yet been resolved. The installation of hard panels on the floors of the cages to promote scratching and pecking behaviors should ensure an optimal balance between the hens’ needs and farming constraints

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Sagristà, i. Puig Ester. "Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction in the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101412.

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Extensive amounts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (organic emerging pollutants) are introduced into the environment mainly through wastewater treatment plants discharges either effluent wastewater reaching into the aquatic environment or sewage sludge which is spread onto agricultural land. These compounds are not regulated and their negative effects on humans and wildlife are unknown. One of the main challenges of analytical chemistry is to develop selective and sensitive methods for the detection and quantitation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their transformation products in complex matrices. The research presented in the thesis is focused on the development of new methods based on the use of hollow fiber liquid- phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique and liquid chromatography for the determination of some of the most consume pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewaters, environmental waters and sewage sludge. Tones de substàncies biològicament actives són alliberades contínuament al medi ambient, a través de la descàrrega d’aigües residuals als medis aquàtics o de biosòlids en l’agricultura. La presència d’aquestes substàncies (contaminants emergents) en el medi ambient ha generat una gran preocupació perquè es desconeix com actuen i quins són els mecanismes implicats en la seva transformació i/o transport. Un dels reptes de la química analítica és dissenyar mètodes selectius i sensibles per a la determinació de contaminants emergents en matrius complexes. La recerca presentada en aquesta tesi es centra en el desenvolupament de nous mètodes analítics basats en l’ús de la microextracció enfase líquida amb fibra buida (HF-LPME) i la cromatografia líquida per a la determinació d’alguns fàrmacs i productes d’higiene personal en aigües residuals, medis aquàtics i biosòlids.

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Lee, Chi-fang, and 李綺芳. "Studies on chemical compositions and hygienic quality of oyster samples from production area and consumption market." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dwd877.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 食品科學系 105 Oyster is a very nutritious and delicious seafood. It is an important economic aquaculture shellfish in Taiwan. The predominant species is Crassostrea gigas and the main product areas include Chiayi, Yunlin, Tainan and Changhua. In this study, the analyses of chemical compositions and hygienic quality of oyster products from different production sites of Chiayi Dongshi, Yunlin Qixian and Tainan Wang Gong, and the consumption markets in Taipei area were investigated. The results will provide useful information for the promotion and consumption of oyster products. Shucked oyster, non-shucked oyster and marketing product in Wang Gong area contained the lowest content of moisture and the highest content of total solid among samples of three production areas. The average moisture content of 10 oyster samples in Taipei area was higher than that of 15 samples in the production area. The ash content in oyster meat of Wang Gong ranged from 1.82 - 2.73% which was the highest among three production areas. The salt level in Wang Gong area was also the highest. The average salt content of oyster in production area was 1.79% which was higher than 1.62% in those of the consumption area. The average protein and fat contents in oyster products were 10.34% and 0.78%, respectively, which were higher than 8.97% and 0.1% in those of the consumption area. The average glycogen content in oyster product of production area was 179 mg / 100 g, which was much lower than that 433 mg / 100 g in those of the consumption area. The volatile basic nitrogen in all oyster samples collected in this study was under the standard limit amount 25 mg/100 g. Three kind of samples in production area, non-shucked oyster showed the lowest level of total plate count (TPC), but marketing product was the highest. Marketing oyster product in Wang Gong area contained the highest count of TPC. The TPC of 3 samples, Escherichia coli of 6 samples and coliforms of 2 samples in 9 samples of shucked oyster were found not to meet hygienic requirements, but Vibrio parahaemolitics was detected negative. There were 2 samples in 10 samples from consumption area showed E. coli positive, but the TPC, coliforms and Vibrio parahaemolitics agreed with the requirements. The above results showed that postharvest and preservation were the important factors influencing the hygienic quality of oyster products from production area and consumption market.

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Mendizabal, Nabor H. "Simultaneous selection for reduced Varroa levels, hygienic behavior, brood viability, brood production, honey production and gentleness in European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies using conventional queen propagation and mating methods." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/mendizabal%5Fnabor%5Fh%5F200412%5Fms.

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Prasad, Srirupa. "Social production of hygiene : domesticity, gender, and nationalism in late colonial Bengal and India /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223694.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2774. Adviser: Winifred Poster. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-194) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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Facundo, López Juan Diego, de León Vargas Carla Sofía Olga Ponce, Urquiza Arturo Ricardo Reyes, and Bazán Francis Renato Saldaña. "Proyecto de Emprendimiento sobre Dentífrico Orgánico en Pastillas." 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652245.

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Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable.

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Cloete, Laura. "Both sides of the camera: anthropology and video in the study of a Gcaleka women's rite called Intonjane." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16935.

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This thesis explores the potential of video as a research tool for anthropologists in the recording of a single ritual. The study examines interactions between ethnographers, informants and viewers. The thesis reveals the capacity of video to make possible close, detailed readings of performance in terms not originally anticipated by the researcher. Archival storage of the video recording allows for critique and assessment of the research. The case study chosen in which to test the potential of \ dcso as a research tool was a woman's 'initiation' r^L'ial (called inton jane) in Shixini in the Eastern Gape (in what was, until recently, the independent homeland of Transkei). Historically, the ritual was supposedly held at the time of a girl's first menstruation, this being the physical symbol of her transformation into adulthood. Ritual seclusion served to effect an accompanying social transformation in preparation for marriage. Paradoxically, in the late 1980's, it was older women and mothers, already married and well past the age of first menstruation, who were undergoing the ritual seclusion and symbolic marriage. The study explores this paradox with the goal of understanding the purpose of the ritual in contemporary times. By recording large segments of the ritual on video, and subjecting the footage to a close analysis of verbal and non-verbal aspects of performance, both the ritual and the merits of video as a research tool could be examined. Video was utilised, in an interactive research process, as an information elicitation tool. The analysis of the recorded text of the ritual brings to the fore elements which make what is apparently a paradox understandable. The elements which explicate the paradox were not anticipated when the research commenced, and in all likelihood would have eluded a researcher who did not have the benefit of the incidental capture on video. The thesis reveals the enormous Contribution video can make to research and suggests that video has an important contribution to make to the discipline of anthropology.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hygienic production'

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