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Journal articles on the topic 'Hygrothermal Ageing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Xu, Liang, Yi He, Shaohua Ma, and Li Hui. "Effects of hygrothermal and thermal-oxidative ageing on the open-hole properties of T800/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with different hole shapes." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 3 (2019): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319860892.

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T800/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with different hole shapes were subjected to hygrothermal ageing and thermal-oxidative ageing, and the effects of these different ageing methods on the open-hole properties of the composites were investigated, including analyses of the mass changes, surface topography changes (before and after ageing), fracture morphologies, open-hole compressive performance, dynamic mechanical properties and infrared spectrum. The results showed that only physical ageing occurred under hygrothermal ageing (70°C and 85% relative humidity), and the equilibrium moistu

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2

Zhang, HY, GQ Kong, ZS Wang, et al. "Hygrothermal Ageing and Life Prediction of Carbon Fiber Composite Structural Members on an Aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (2023): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012085.

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Abstract The mechanism of hygrothermal ageing of carbon fiber composite structural members was analyzed in terms of changes in appearance, infrared spectra, mechanical properties and internal structure under hygrothermal conditions. Based on ASTM F1980-07, predicted values for the storage life of the structural members were obtained. The results show that after hygrothermal ageing, the surface of the structural member remains smooth, with no exposed fibers, degradation or ageing, and that the internal structure and mechanical properties are stable. The life predictions calculated according to

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3

Homayoun, Mohammad-Reza, Arash Golchin, and Nazanin Emami. "Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on Tribological Behaviour of PTFE-Based Composites." Lubricants 6, no. 4 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6040103.

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The present study investigates the influence of hygrothermal ageing on the tribological behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer composites. Three PTFE composites along with unfilled PTFE were tested in sliding contact against Inconel 625 (a Ni-based alloy) plates in both dry and water-lubricated conditions, utilising a unidirectional pin-on-disc tribometer. The tribo-tests were performed at a constant sliding speed of 0.13 m/s with a normal load of 84N providing an apparent contact pressure of 5 MPa. Hygrothermal conditioning was carried out at two different temperatures, and the w

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4

Das, Subrata Chandra, Chaman Srivastava, Stergios Goutianos, Angela Daniela La Rosa, and Sotirios Grammatikos. "On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." Materials 16, no. 17 (2023): 5848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175848.

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The present work studies the response to hygrothermal ageing of natural fibre composites (NFCs) against synthetic fibre composites when using three different types of polymers as matrices. For ageing, coupons were fully immersed in distilled water at 23, 40, and 60 °C for a total ageing period of 56 days. Flax fibre-reinforced composites, using two recyclable polymer systems: (i) a bio-based recyclable epoxy and (ii) an acrylic-based liquid thermoplastic resin, were tested against conventional glass fibre-reinforced composites employing a synthetic (petroleum-based) epoxy. Different fibre/poly

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5

Badia, J. D., L. Santonja-Blasco, A. Martínez-Felipe, and A. Ribes-Greus. "Hygrothermal ageing of reprocessed polylactide." Polymer Degradation and Stability 97, no. 10 (2012): 1881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.001.

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6

Nwambu, Chidume, Colin Robert, and Parvez Alam. "The Tensile Behaviour of Unaged and Hygrothermally Aged Asymmetric Helicoidally Stacked CFRP Composites." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 5 (2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6050137.

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This paper concerns the effects of hygrothermal ageing on the tensile behaviour of assymetric helicoidally stacked carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. MR70 12P carbon fibre epoxy prepreg sheets were manufactured into laminated composites comprising constant inter-ply pitch angles ranging from 0° to 30°. The composites were tested in tension (according to BS ISO 527-5:2009) as either dry unaged specimens or following hygrothermal ageing in seawater at the constant temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C for 2000 h. Both tensile modulus and tensile strength are found to be detrimentally a

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7

Thomson, D., D. E. Sommer, O. Falcó, et al. "Numerical prediction of the ballistic performance of hygrothermally aged CFRP laminates using a multi-scale modelling approach." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125003008.

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A multi-scale modelling strategy is proposed to investigate the potential effects of hygrothermal ageing on the ballistic performance of CFRP laminates. At the micro-scale, damage evolution due to cyclic hygrothermal loads is simulated on a representative microstructure using an adapted fatigue damage law. Then, the results of the micro-mechanical analysis are used to measure the predicted transverse crack density and calibrate a meso-scale material model with the effects of micro-scale damage. Finally, a meso-scale impact model is generated with seeded transverse cracks at the predicted crack

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8

Kada, Ismail, Omar Melikh, Claire Glasser, Dao Trinh, Sébastien Touzain, and Stéphanie Mallarino. "Quantifying physical ageing during cyclic hygrothermal ageing: highlighting coupling phenomena." Polymer Degradation and Stability 241 (November 2025): 111519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111519.

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9

Falaschetti, Maria Pia, Matteo Scafé, Nicola Zavatta, and Enrico Troiani. "Hygrothermal Ageing Influence on BVI-Damaged Carbon/Epoxy Coupons under Compression Load." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132038.

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Composite materials usage in several industrial fields is now widespread, and this leads to the necessity of overcoming issues that are still currently open. In the aeronautic industry, this is especially true for Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) and humidity uptake issues. BVID is the most insidious kind of impact damage, being rather common and not easily detectable. These, along with the ageing that a composite structure could face during its operative life, could be a cause of fatal failures. In this paper, the influence of water absorption on impacted specimens compressive residual str

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10

E., Moutsompegka, Tserpes K.I., Polydoropoulou P., et al. "Experimental study of the effect of pre‐bond contamination with de‐icing fluid and ageing on the fracture toughness of composite bonded joints." Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 40 (June 2, 2017): 1581–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12660.

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The scope of the present work is to experimentally investigate the effect of pre‐bond contamination with de‐icing (DI) fluid and the combined effect of DI fluid and hygrothermal ageing on the fracture toughness of carbon fibre reinforced plastic bonded joints. These scenarios could occur in the implementation of an adhesively bonded patch repair in a composite aircraft structural part. To this end, mode I and mode II fracture toughness tests were conducted on contaminated specimens and mode II fracture toughness tests on contaminated/aged specimens. Three levels of contamination with a de‐icer

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11

He, Weidi, Nian Liu, Xiaolang Chen, Jianbing Guo, and Tao Wei. "The influence of hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical properties and thermal degradation kinetics of long glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 composites filled with sepiolite." RSC Advances 6, no. 43 (2016): 36689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04881a.

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12

Sergi, Claudia, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Carolina Seghini, Fabrizio Sarasini, Vincenzo Fiore, and Tommaso Scalici. "Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040603.

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The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Hybridization of hemp fibres with basalt fibres and the incorporation of MAPE were found to sig

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13

Firdosh, Salim, H. N. Narasimha Murthy, Ratna Pal, Gangadhar Angadi, N. Raghavendra, and M. Krishna. "Durability of GFRP nanocomposites subjected to hygrothermal ageing." Composites Part B: Engineering 69 (February 2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.09.028.

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14

Malmstein, M., A. R. Chambers, and J. I. R. Blake. "Hygrothermal ageing of plant oil based marine composites." Composite Structures 101 (July 2013): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.003.

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15

Wang, Baoming, Shengzong Ci, Mingzhe Zhou, et al. "Effects of Hygrothermal and Salt Mist Ageing on the Properties of Epoxy Resins and Their Composites." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030725.

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Epoxy and epoxide composites have a wide range of outdoor applications wherein they are affected by ageing. In this study, epoxy casting plates and epoxy-based composite rods for use in overhead conductors were prepared. A concurrent investigation concerning the ageing of epoxy resins and their carbon fibre composites was carried out via artificially accelerated experiments under hygrothermal and salt mist conditions. The moisture penetration along the depth, water absorption, appearance, hardness, density of the epoxy resins, and variation patterns of the impact strength and tensile strength

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16

Tian, Fang, Zheng Zhong, and Yihui Pan. "Modeling of natural fiber reinforced composites under hygrothermal ageing." Composite Structures 200 (September 2018): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.083.

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17

Xiao, G. Z., and M. E. R. Shanahan. "Swelling of DGEBA/DDA epoxy resin during hygrothermal ageing." Polymer 39, no. 14 (1998): 3253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10060-x.

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18

Khotbehsara, Mojdeh Mehrinejad, Allan Manalo, Thiru Aravinthan, Wahid Ferdous, Kate T. Q. Nguyen, and Gangarao Hota. "Ageing of particulate-filled epoxy resin under hygrothermal conditions." Construction and Building Materials 249 (July 2020): 118846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118846.

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19

Bhatti, Imran Shaban, and Zhao Yan. "Moisture Diffusion Characterization of Carbon Fiber Based Polymeric Composites Under Recurrent Hygrothermal Ageing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.531.

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In this article moisture diffusion characterization of carbon fiber based polymeric composites (5428/CCF300 and 5405/CCF300) under recurrent hygrothermal ageingis investigated experimentally and numerically. Diffusion kinetics is studied by using Fickian and Langmuir diffusion models. Composite interface surfaces were closely studied by electron microscopy during the absorption/ desorption process, which revealed that micro-crack near weak interface provide passages for water diffuse.To simulate harsh service environment, understudied specimens were go through high humidity and high temperatur

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20

Naceri, A. "Mechanical Response of Laminate (Glass/Epoxy) at Different Periods of Environmental Conditioning (Saturation and Ageing)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1015.

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This paper considers the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of a laminate constituted of 12 layers of glass fiber fabric/epoxy resin conditioned at different relative humidities of 0, 60 and 96% at 60 °C. The analysing of the experimental results obtained of hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical response has permited to show that the influence of the moisture concentration on the ultimate mechanical properties becomes significant and important for the composite conditioned at relative humidity of 96% to the periods I and II (state of saturation and ageing).

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21

Shi, S., T. J. Dursch, R. L. Borup, A. Z. Weber, and A. Kusoglu. "Effect of Hygrothermal Ageing on PFSA Ionomers' Structure/Property Relationship." ECS Transactions 69, no. 17 (2015): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06917.1017ecst.

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22

Bouvet, G., S. Cohendoz, X. Feaugas, S. Touzain, and S. Mallarino. "Microstructural reorganization in model epoxy network during cyclic hygrothermal ageing." Polymer 122 (July 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.032.

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23

Benkhedda, A., E. A. Adda bedia, A. Tounsi, and A. Mahi. "Effect of hygrothermal relaxation stresses during ageing for composite plates." Matériaux & Techniques 99, no. 3 (2011): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2011038.

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24

Imran Shaban, Bhatti, and Yan Zhao. "Hygrothermal Ageing Modeling and Numerical Testing of Unidirectional Polymeric Composites." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.634.

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Moisture severely affects aerospace structures and offshore platforms during their service life span. It deteriorates the mechanical performance of polymeric composites through long term and cyclic hygrothermal ageing. This reduction in mechanical performance must be considered during product design to ensure long-term structure endurance. In order to decide the long-term moisture effects on composite components, they are exposed to a rapid moisture conditioning. Presently the available qualified methodologies allowing only simple geometry and an assumption that diffusivity rates are independe

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25

Foulc, M. P., A. Bergeret, L. Ferry, P. Ienny, and A. Crespy. "Study of hygrothermal ageing of glass fibre reinforced PET composites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 89, no. 3 (2005): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.025.

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26

Berthé, V., L. Ferry, J. C. Bénézet, and A. Bergeret. "Ageing of different biodegradable polyesters blends mechanical and hygrothermal behavior." Polymer Degradation and Stability 95, no. 3 (2010): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.008.

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27

EARL, J., and R. SHENOI. "Hygrothermal ageing effects on FRP laminate and structural foam materials." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 35, no. 11 (2004): 1237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(04)00121-6.

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28

Fang, Yuan, Pu Chen, Ruili Huo, Yajie Liang, Lu Wang, and Weiqing Liu. "Hygrothermal ageing of polymeric sandwich structures used in structural engineering." Construction and Building Materials 165 (March 2018): 812–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.072.

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29

Mosleh, Yasmine, Mees van Die, Wolfgang Gard, et al. "Hygrothermal ageing of dry gelatine adhesive films: Microstructure-property relationships." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 131 (May 2024): 103654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103654.

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30

Sawpan, Moyeen Ahmad. "Durability of Pultruded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Subjected to Hygrothermal Ageing in Sea Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 884 (August 2018): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.884.14.

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Durability of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite is an important research topic because the changes occur in GFRP composite with ageing can affect its properties and lifetime. For long term use, GFRP composites should be examined in real time and with reasonable in-service environments. However, this is not practical because the time involved would significantly delay product development and therefore, accelerated ageing technique is required. Conditioning in wet and elevated temperatures known as hygrothermal ageing is a very useful technique to evaluate the durability of GFRP co

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31

Vauthier, E., A. Oiateauminois, and T. Bailliez. "Fatigue Damage Nucleation and Growth in a Unidirectional Glass-Epoxy Composite Subjected to Hygrothermal Ageing." Engineering Plastics 4, no. 5 (1996): 147823919600400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919600400507.

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The effects of hygrothermal ageing on the fatigue properties of a unidirectional glass/epoxy composite have been investigated. Damage nucleation was monitored in terms of fibre breakage by in-situ microscopic observation of the tensile face of the specimens during flexural tests. From the mapping of individual fibre breaks during monotonic and fatigue loading, the overall losses of properties were linked to the drop in the glass fibres’ load-bearing properties. The endurance properties of the composite declined after water ageing. A drop in the in-situ statistical distribution of fibre strengt

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32

Vauthier, E., A. Oiateauminois, and T. Bailliez. "Fatigue Damage Nucleation and Growth in a Unidirectional Glass-Epoxy Composite Subjected to Hygrothermal Ageing." Polymers and Polymer Composites 4, no. 5 (1996): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119600400507.

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The effects of hygrothermal ageing on the fatigue properties of a unidirectional glass/epoxy composite have been investigated. Damage nucleation was monitored in terms of fibre breakage by in-situ microscopic observation of the tensile face of the specimens during flexural tests. From the mapping of individual fibre breaks during monotonic and fatigue loading, the overall losses of properties were linked to the drop in the glass fibres’ load-bearing properties. The endurance properties of the composite declined after water ageing. A drop in the in-situ statistical distribution of fibre strengt

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33

Sham, Man-Lung, Jang-Kyo Kim, and Jingshen Wu. "Effects of Coupling Agent Concentration and Hygrothermal Ageing on the Fracture Behaviour of Glass Woven Fabric-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Laminates." Engineering Plastics 5, no. 3 (1997): 147823919700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919700500302.

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The Charpy impact test has been employed to study the fracture toughness and failure mechanisms of E-glass woven fabric reinforced vinyl ester matrix composites with five different types of fibre surface treatment. The results revealed significant dependency of the impact fracture toughness values on silane coupling agents and hygrothermal ageing. Failure mechanisms were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, and correlated with the measured fracture toughness, temperature and water absorption.

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34

Sham, Man-Lung, Jang-Kyo Kim, and Jingshen Wu. "Effects of Coupling Agent Concentration and Hygrothermal Ageing on the Fracture Behaviour of Glass Woven Fabric-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Laminates." Polymers and Polymer Composites 5, no. 3 (1997): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119700500302.

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The Charpy impact test has been employed to study the fracture toughness and failure mechanisms of E-glass woven fabric reinforced vinyl ester matrix composites with five different types of fibre surface treatment. The results revealed significant dependency of the impact fracture toughness values on silane coupling agents and hygrothermal ageing. Failure mechanisms were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, and correlated with the measured fracture toughness, temperature and water absorption.

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35

Yi, Shuwang, Long Xie, Zhi Wu, Weiming Ning, Jianke Du, and Minghua Zhang. "Effects of Hygrothermal Aging and Cyclic Compressive Loading on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Conductive Composites." Polymers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235089.

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Conductive polymers and their composites have been widely applied in different applications, including sensing applications. Herein, we constructed a conductive composite of polypropylene, carbon black, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PP/CB/MWCNTs) to experimentally study its sensing behaviors in a humid thermal environment. The as-synthesized PP/CB/MWCNT composite polymer was immersed in simulated sweat in deionized water at 67 °C. Regarding their electrical and mechanical properties, different experimental parameters, such as cyclic loading and hygrothermal aging, were investigated by rec

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36

Jürgens, Michael. "Interfacial phenomena in metallic z-reinforced CFRP joints after hygrothermal ageing." Zeitschrift Kunststofftechnik 1 (2017): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/o999.03012017.

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37

Torres, João Pedro de Castro, Cássio Marques Rodrigues Gaspar, and Daniel Carlos Taissum Cardoso. "Non-destructive degradation assessment of GFRP beams subjected to hygrothermal ageing." Construction and Building Materials 434 (July 2024): 136779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136779.

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38

Chateauminois, A., B. Chabert, J. P. Soulier, and L. Vincent. "Hygrothermal ageing effects on the static fatigue of glass/epoxy composites." Composites 24, no. 7 (1993): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(93)90268-d.

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39

Glaskova-Kuzmina, Tatjana, Andrey Aniskevich, Jevgenijs Sevcenko, Anna Borriello, and Mauro Zarrelli. "Cyclic Moisture Sorption and its Effects on the Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy and Epoxy/MWCNT Nanocomposite." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091383.

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The aim of this work was to reveal the moisture absorption–desorption–resorption characteristics of epoxy and epoxy-based nanocomposites filled with different multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by investigating the reversibility of the moisture effect on their thermomechanical properties. Two types of MWCNTs with average diameters of 9.5 and 140 nm were used. For the neat epoxy and nanocomposite samples, the moisture absorption and resorption tests were performed in atmospheres with 47%, 73%, and 91% relative humidity at room temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis was employed to evaluate t

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40

Yao, Liaojun, Zixian He, Yonglyu He, Qifeng Jin, Stepan V. Lomov, and Rene C. Alderliesten. "Hygrothermal ageing effects on mode I fatigue delamination in multidirectional composite laminates." International Journal of Fatigue 188 (November 2024): 108520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2024.108520.

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41

Vauthier, E., J. C. Abry, T. Bailliez, and A. Chateauminois. "Interactions between hygrothermal ageing and fatigue damage in unidirectional glass/epoxy composites." Composites Science and Technology 58, no. 5 (1998): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(97)00149-8.

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42

Yang, Quan, Guijun Xian, and Vistasp M. Karbhari. "Hygrothermal ageing of an epoxy adhesive used in FRP strengthening of concrete." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107, no. 4 (2007): 2607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27287.

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43

Wang, Shuang, Wei Fang Zhang, Yu Chen, and Yu Fen Wu. "Hygrothermal Behavior of T700 and T300 BMI Used for Advanced Polymeric Composite." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.632.

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The mechanism of hydrothermal ageing was investigated for T700/ BMI 5428 and T300/QY8911 by studying its glass transition temperature, tensile/compressive properties, changes of surface morphology absorbed in water with 100°C temperature. Results show that the glass transition temperature getting lower with the rate of water absorption. The tensile/compressive strength of composite decreased in the humid and heat environments, although with the identical failure mode.

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44

Wang, Xian, and Li. "Effects of Fiber Surface Grafting with Nano-Clay on the Hydrothermal Ageing Behaviors of Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composite Plates." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081278.

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Flax fiber has high sensitivity to moisture, and moisture uptake leads to the decrease of mechanical properties and distortion in shape. This paper attempts to graft flax fabric with nano-clay, with assistance from a silane-coupling agent, in order to improve hygrothermal resistance. The nano-clay grafted flax fabric reinforced epoxy (FFRP) composite produced through vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) process were subjected to 80% RH chamber for 12 weeks at 20, 40 and 70 °C, respectively. Moisture uptake, dimensional stability, and tensile properties was studied as a function of humidity ex

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45

Boukert, B., A. Benkhedda, and S. Bergheul. "Analysis of Transient Hygrothermal Ageing Analysis of Hybrid Composite Materials in Asymmetric Environments." Key Engineering Materials 550 (April 2013): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.550.49.

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In recent years composite materials are widely used in the aerospace industry. The advantages of these materials are derived from their high strength, rigidity and lightness. More importantly, they have the potential to reduce the cost of construction, while improving structural reliability and increasing safety. Aircraft structural parts made of composite materials with polymeric matrix, subject to variables conditions and severe environments, require a good knowledge of their behavior under humidity and temperature. The matrix is very sensitive to these parameters. A degradation of propertie

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46

Earl, J. S., J. M. Dulieu-Barton, and R. A. Shenoi. "Determination of hygrothermal ageing effects in sandwich construction joints using thermoelastic stress analysis." Composites Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (2003): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00252-x.

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47

Rocha, I. B. C. M., S. Raijmaekers, R. P. L. Nijssen, F. P. van der Meer, and L. J. Sluys. "Hygrothermal ageing behaviour of a glass/epoxy composite used in wind turbine blades." Composite Structures 174 (August 2017): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.028.

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48

Xian, Guijun, and Vistasp M. Karbhari. "DMTA based investigation of hygrothermal ageing of an epoxy system used in rehabilitation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 104, no. 2 (2007): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.25576.

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Xian, Guijun, Hui Li, and Xiansheng Su. "Water absorption and hygrothermal ageing of ultraviolet cured glass-fiber reinforced acrylate composites." Polymer Composites 33, no. 7 (2012): 1120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.22240.

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Asphaug, Silje Kathrin, Berit Time, and Tore Kvande. "Moisture Accumulation in Building Façades Exposed to Accelerated Artificial Climatic Ageing—A Complementary Analysis to NT Build 495." Buildings 11, no. 12 (2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120568.

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Abstract:

Building façades must endure severe climatic exposure throughout their lifetimes. To prevent damage and expensive repairs, ageing tests are used in durability assessments. The NT Build 495 describes an artificial ageing procedure to address building material and component resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, water, and frost using a climate simulator. The test has been used for decades to investigate exterior surface materials and façade products but has only recently been adopted for multi-layered systems. This study investigates moisture accumulation in a façade system for retrofittin

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