Academic literature on the topic 'Hymenoptera'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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Álvarez-Parra, Sergio, and Dany Azar. "The Wasps (Hymenoptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese and Spanish Ambers." Fossil Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fossils2020005.

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Hymenoptera is the fourth-most diverse insect order today, including wasps, bees, bumblebees, and ants. They show a wide panoply of modes of life, such as herbivory, predation, parasitoidism, pollination, and eusociality. This group also includes a great number of extinct species from both amber and compression outcrops. Hymenopterans probably originated in the Paleozoic, although their oldest record is from the Middle or Late Triassic, and their diversity expanded since the Cretaceous. Here, we present a review of the Hymenoptera in Lower Cretaceous ambers from Lebanon (Barremian) and Spain (Albian), which is pivotal for the study of hymenopteran evolution. Hymenoptera in Lebanese ambers are represented by 32 species in 22 genera within 15 families, while in Spanish ambers, they correspond to 49 species in 40 genera within 18 families. Most of these species belong to the ‘Parasitica’, and only a few species have been assigned to the Aculeata. The group ‘Symphyta’ is represented by one species in Spanish amber. The paleobiogeography and possible paleobiologies of the species in these ambers are reviewed. Furthermore, checklists for all Hymenoptera species in Lebanese and Spanish ambers are provided.
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Tawakkal, Muhammad Iqbal, Akhmad Rizali, Anik Larasati, Adha Sari, Purnama Hidayat, and Damayanti Buchori. "Tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 16, no. 3 (2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.16.3.151.

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<p>Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders in the world, one of which is its role as a natural enemy (parasitoids, predators). Land conversion can affect the diversity and composition of the parasitoid Hymenoptera and its ecological role. This study aims to examine the effect of land use types on the diversity and composition of hymenopterans parasitoid in Jambi. The study was conducted on various types of land use in the Harapan Forest landscape and Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD), Jambi Province including forests, rubber forests, oil palm plantations, and rubber plantations. Insect sampling was conducted from March to September 2013, using fogging techniques. A total of 14,258 hymenopteran parasitoid individuals consisting of 30 families were obtained from all study sites. Encyrtidae, Braconidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, and Platigasteridae families are found in high abundance. Oil palm land use types are found to have different parasitoid compositions compared to other land use types, while forest and rubber forest land use types have high species composition. The results of this study indicate that the type of land use affects the diversity and composition of hymenopteran parasitoid species.</p>
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Cameron, Stephen L., Mark Dowton, Lyda R. Castro, et al. "Mitochondrial genome organization and phylogeny of two vespid wasps." Genome 51, no. 10 (2008): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-066.

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We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of Abispa ephippium (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae: Eumeninae) and most of the mitochondrial genome of Polistes humilis synoecus (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae: Polistinae). The arrangement of genes differed between the two genomes and also differed slightly from that inferred to be ancestral for the Hymenoptera. The genome organization for both vespids is different from that of all other mitochondrial genomes previously reported. A number of tRNA gene rearrangements were identified that represent potential synapomorphies for a subset of the Vespidae. Analysis of all available hymenopteran mitochondrial genome sequences recovered an uncontroversial phylogeny, one consistent with analyses of other types of data.
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Gokhman, Vladimir E. "Chromosome study of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): from cytogenetics to cytogenomics." Comparative Cytogenetics 17 (November 1, 2023): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.112332.

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A brief overview of the current stage of the chromosome study of the insect order Hymenoptera is given. It is demonstrated that, in addition to routine staining and other traditional techniques of chromosome research, karyotypes of an increasing number of hymenopterans are being studied using molecular methods, e.g., staining with base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), including microdissection and chromosome painting. Due to the advent of whole genome sequencing and other molecular techniques, together with the “big data” approach to the chromosomal data, the current stage of the chromosome research on Hymenoptera represents a transition from Hymenoptera cytogenetics to cytogenomics.
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Rasplus, Jean-Yves, Claire Villemant, Paiva Maria Rosa, Gérard Delvare, and Alain Roques. "Hymenoptera. Chapter 12." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 669–776. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.55.

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We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species and 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) represent together with ants (Formicidae) about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The three most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species representing 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55) and Formicidae (42) while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. The first two families are associated with mealybugs, a group that also included numerous aliens to Europe. In addition, they are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. These introductions mostly concerned phytophagous or gall-maker species (76 %), less frequently parasitoids. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 and 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%) and Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.) and Spain (90 spp.) but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural and horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland and forest habitats. Ecological and economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids that are suspected to displace native parasitoids by competition, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated.
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Ramadhan, Idham Cholik, Manap Trianto, and Dirham Dirham. "Survey for hymenopteran parasitoids from forest stand and rice field area." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 2 (2022): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3305.

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Hymenopteran order is an order of insects that is useful for pollinating plants, producing honey and wax and can kill insects that harm plants (pests). This study aims to determine the results of collections of Hymenoptera parasitoid insects from forest stands and rice fields. The research was carried out in January-March 2019. The sampling locations were carried out in two types of areas, namely forest stands and rice fields. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the two orders of insects that had a dominant number from the collection were the Order Diptera and Order Hymenoptera. The number of Hymenoptera insects in the forest stands and rice fields were 1.586 individuals and 2.179 individuals, respectively, with a total of 21 families of parasitoid insects. The use of separators in the collection of Hymenoptera parasitoid insects has several advantages compared to using other insect net, namely making it easier to collect insects and the number of insects caught is also higher.
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Wang, Bo, Jin-Hua Xiao, Sheng-Nan Bian, Hai-Feng Gu, and Da-Wei Huang. "Adaptive evolution of vertebrate-type cryptochrome in the ancestors of Hymenoptera." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (2013): 20120958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0958.

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One of the most mysterious aspects of insect clock mechanisms is that some insects, including Hymenoptera and Tribolium , only express a vertebrate-type cryptochrome ( cry2 ). It is unknown whether or not cry2 underwent adaptive evolution in these insects. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cry2 from a fig pollinator species, Ceratosolen solmsi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), and examined the molecular evolution and daily expression of this gene. Our results suggest that cry2 underwent positive selection in the branch leading to hymenopteran insects. The function of CRY2 might have been fixed since undergoing natural selection in the ancestor of Hymenoptera. Male pollinators showed stronger rhythmicity in the host figs, which reflect an adaptation to their life cycles.
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Gokhman, Vladimir E. "Chromosome study of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): from cytogenetics to cytogenomics." Comparative Cytogenetics 17, no. () (2023): 239–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.112332.

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A brief overview of the current stage of the chromosome study of the insect order Hymenoptera is given. It is demonstrated that, in addition to routine staining and other traditional techniques of chromosome research, karyotypes of an increasing number of hymenopterans are being studied using molecular methods, e.g., staining with base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH), including microdissection and chromosome painting. Due to the advent of whole genome sequencing and other molecular techniques, together with the "big data" approach to the chromosomal data, the current stage of the chromosome research on Hymenoptera represents a transition from Hymenoptera cytogenetics to cytogenomics.
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Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., and Denis J. Brothers. "Two new hymenopteran fossils from the mid-Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Jurapriidae, Evaniidae)." African Invertebrates 48, no. 1 (2007): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667509.

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Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Brothers, Denis J. (2007): Two new hymenopteran fossils from the mid-Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Jurapriidae, Evaniidae). African Invertebrates 48 (1): 193-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7667509
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Vas, Zoltán, and Csaba Kutasi. "Hymenoptera from caves of Bakony Mountains, Hungary – an overlooked taxon in hypogean research." Subterranean Biology 19 (September 16, 2016): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.10016.

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There are no known troglobiotic hymenopterans, although a few species regularly occur in caves, usually for an inactive phase of their life-cycles. During a recent faunistical survey of the invertebrate fauna of Bakony Mountains’ caves (Hungary) several Hymenoptera specimens were collected in hypogean environments. In this paper we report the results of the survey regarding Hymenoptera. Although the Hymenoptera material was small in numbers, they provided valuable faunistical data: very rare or rarely collected species were found, and 5 taxa are first reported from hypogean environment. Aclastus longicauda Horstmann (Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) was found new to the Hungarian fauna, considerably extending the distributional area of this species that has been known only from Northern Europe so far. Our local results clearly indicate that, both at local and world-wide level, research focusing on the usually overlooked Hymenoptera fauna of caves will certainly provide valuable faunistical, distributional and biogeographical data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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Iqbal, Muhammad. "Systematics and phylogeny of the Baeini (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae), with special reference to Australasian fauna /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phi64.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied and Molecular Ecology, 1999.<br>Addendum pasted onto verso of back end paper. Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-236).
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Braud, Rachel Ann. "Diversity, abundance, and the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner and Gypchek on larval and adult Symphyta in Virginia and West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2046.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 87 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-82).
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Pereira, Alexandre Igor de Azevedo. "Hymenoptera Symphyta de Viçosa, Minas Gerais e bioecologia de Haplostegus nigricrus (Hymenoptera: Pergidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3873.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3753895 bytes, checksum: 5d12c41df9d344c8c8ce0580fec93319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-24<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The composition of the native Symphyta from a secondary forest of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and the comparison between different sampling methods of that Hymenoptera, besides the register of guava, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), as host plant of the Neotropical Symphyta Haplostegus nigricrus Conde (Hymenoptera: Pergidae), and its ecological and biological aspects were studied. Three hundred and sixty three adults of Symphyta regarding to four families, 12 subfamilies, 17 genders, and 50 species were captured. The family Argidae was the most abundant with 66.68% of the collections proceeded by Pergidae (32.56%), Tenthredinidae (3.54%), and Cimbicidae (0.85%). The total number of Symphyta adults had positive correlation with the local temperature and rainfall. No adults were captured in the coldest months (June, July, and August) and, on the other months, that number varied from one to 89 adults. The sweeping vegetation was more efficient to capture Symphyta adults (n = 156) than Malaise (n= 35) and Moericke traps (n= 08). Adults of H. nigricrus were collected in a native forest and maintained in guava plants for obtaining clutches and neonate larvae that were reared with fresh leaves of P. guajava in the field. The adult and larval phases of H. nigricrus depend on guava leaves to deposit their eggs and to feed, respectively. Larvae of that insect have aposematic coloration and habits by aggregation and depend on this behavior to survive. The larval phase of H. nigricrus showed more number of natural enemies, while the pupa phase smaller viability at laboratory condictions, being bivoltine, and with strong correlation with the temperature and rainfall. The main larval defensive strategy of H. nigricrus seems to be the regurgitation and exhibition by its mouth of toxic compounds because the stink bug predators Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas), Supputius cincticeps (Stal), and Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) died up to 24 hours after direct contact with that compounds. Only B. tabidus reached the adult phase with H. nigricrus larvae as food, what suggests larger tolerance and ability to detoxication the chemical compounds of that prey. The Symphyta community sampling shows the need to identify new species and register their hosts, and it also emphasizes the importance to establish actions for the preservation of forest areas, from Viçosa, that are in process of anthropic degradation. In spite of being a native herbivore, H. nigricrus does not have natural mortality agents able to reduce, drastically, its population and, besides, it has high egg viability and synchrony with the abiotic factors, and efficient defensive mechanisms against predators. Those characteristics can favor the adaptation of that herbivore to other native and exotic Myrtaceae with economic importance, mainly, due to the pressures exercised by the monocultures systems and fragmentation of their habitats.<br>A composição dos Symphyta nativos de mata secundária de Viçosa, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, a comparação entre diferentes métodos de amostragem desses Hymenoptera, o registro da goiabeira, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), como planta hospedeira do Symphyta Neotropical Haplostegus nigricrus Conde (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) e os aspectos ecológicos e biológicos desse Symphyta foram estudados. Trezentos e sessenta e três adultos de Symphyta referentes a quatro famílias, 12 subfamílias, 17 gêneros e 50 espécies foram capturados. A família Argidae foi a mais abundante com 66,68% das coletas seguida por Pergidae (32,56%), Tenthredinidae (3,54%) e Cimbicidae (0,85%). O número total de adultos de Symphyta apresentou correlação positiva com a temperatura e a precipitação pluviométrica locais. Nenhum adulto desse grupo foi capturado nos meses mais frios (junho, julho e agosto) e, nos demais meses, esse número variou de um a até 89 adultos. A varredura de vegetação foi mais eficiente para capturar Symphyta adultos (n= 156) que armadilhas Malaise (n= 35) e Moericke (n= 08). Adultos de H. nigricrus foram coletados em mata nativa e mantidos em plantas de goiabeira para obtenção de posturas e larvas neonatas que foram criadas com folhas frescas de P. guajava no campo. As fases adulta e larval de H. nigricrus dependem de folhas de goiabeira para depositar seus ovos e se alimentar, respectivamente. Larvas desse inseto possuem coloração e hábito aposemático por agregação e dependem desse comportamento para sobreviverem. A fase larval de H. nigricrus apresentou maior número de inimigos naturais e a de pupa menor viabilidade em laboratório, sendo bivoltino, e com forte correlação com a temperatura e precipitação. A principal estratégia de defesa das larvas de H. nigricrus parece ser a regurgitação e exposição pela boca de compostos tóxicos, pois os percevejos predadores Podisus nigrispinus, Supputius cincticeps e Brontocoris tabidus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) morreram até 24 horas após contato direto com esse inseto. Apenas B. tabidus alcançou a fase adulta com larvas de H. nigricrus, o que sugere maior tolerância e habilidade de desintoxicação dos compostos químicos desse Symphyta. A amostragem da comunidade de Symphyta mostra a necessidade de identificação de novas espécies e registro de seus hospedeiros e também ressalta a importância de se estabelecer ações para a preservação das áreas de mata, em Viçosa, que se encontram em processo de degradação antrópica. Apesar de ser um herbívoro nativo, H. nigricrus não apresenta agentes de mortalidade natural capazes de reduzir, drasticamente, sua população e, além disso, possui alta viabilidade na fase de ovo, alto sincronismo com os fatores abióticos e mecanismos de defesa eficientes contra predadores. Essas características podem favorecer a adaptação desse herbívoro a outras Myrtaceae nativas e exóticas de importância econômica, principalmente, devido às pressões exercidas pelos monocultivos e fragmentação de seus habitats.
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Jennings, John T. "Systematics and biogeography of hyptiogastrine wasps (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj543.pdf.

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Copies of six of the author's previously published articles in pocket inside back cover. Bibliography: leaves 188-208. This study has investigated the phylogenetic relationships among genera and species of hyptiogastrine wasps, examined whether the current distribution of taxa can be explained by vicariance events, and revised the taxonomy of species. (summary)
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Weaving, Alan James Shelley. "A comparison of nesting behaviour and prey selection in some Southern African species of Ammophila (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002050.

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Nesting behaviour and prey selection was compared in eight species of Ammophila. The frequent sympatry of these species was a central point of interest in the study. Nest siting differed markedly in several species. A. ferrugineipes, A. dolichodera, A. dolichocephala and, probably, A. conifera nested mostly in open habitats, this being regarded as the most common situation for the majority of Ammophila. A. beniniensis was unusual in nesting in well vegetated habitats, A. vulcania doing so amongst small clumps of vegetation in otherwise open habitats. A. insignis nested in vertical banks or old animal burrows and A. braunsi utilised abandoned burrows of other wasps situated in non-friable clay soils. This is the first time such nest siting has been reported for Ammophila and each of these two species is consequently unique. Many aspects of nest construction behaviour, in particular methods of soil waste disposal, sealing of nests and their final coverage, differed interspecifically, in some cases intraspecifically, but often apparently in response to the habitat. With regard to nest provisioning strategies, all species hunted after digging their nests, except A. dolichodera which is the first Afrotropical Ammophila reported to hunt before excavating its nest. This brings the total number of the world's species of Ammophila showing this behaviour to three. This species, A. beniniensis, A. braunsi and A. vulcania provided one caterpillar per nest; the others supplied several, A. insignis being the only mass provisioner. A. ferrugineipes showed a form of progressive provisioning and maintained several nests at a time; it is the only Afrotropical species known so far to do so. Only two extra-limital species have been reported showing similar behaviour. The observed variations in provisioning strategies can most easily be explained in relation to the habitat. Investigation of prey selection showed that there was very little interspecific overlap in the species of caterpillars used for provisioning nests. This was shown to be due mainly to differing hunting habitat preferences. The various overall patterns of nesting behaviour, and variations in the different components within these patterns, were considered most likely to have resulted from allopatric speciation in different types of vegetation, the more advanced patterns arising in open habitats. The frequent occurrence of sympatry appears to be a reflection of a shifting distribution of mosaic patterns of vegetation types and the post-speciation spread of species. This influence of habitat on behaviour and prey selection has emphasised the need for caution in drawing phylogenetic conclusions from ethology. Further, these considerations provide an alternative to competition in attempting to explain the observed behaviour patterns and distribution of these wasps.
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West, Stuart Andrew. "Reproductive strategies in parasitic Hymenoptera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309736.

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RAMOS, M. S. "Sistemática de Bethylinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9917.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10617_Tese Magno _ Versão Final.pdf: 7825784 bytes, checksum: 72c21f52127847746a1c8973b4ff84ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22<br>Os gêneros de Bethylinae são claramente diferentes um do outro. A maioria das espécies Bethylinae é conhecida apenas pelo sexo feminino. Seus limites taxonômicos podem ser considerados bem estabelecidos, exceto para Goniozus Förster. Sem dúvida é o gênero com o mais alto grau de confusão taxonômica em relação a seus limites. Os caracteres importantes que delimitam Goniozus são compartilhados por vários gêneros de Bethylinae tornando a classificação incerta e dificultando a compreensão da evolução do caráter e da variação entre táxons. Atualmente, esta subfamília compreende aproximadamente 540 espécies descritas classificadas no mundo inteiro em oito gêneros existentes com baixo dimorfismo sexual. A filogenia das linhagens Bethylinae tem recebido atenção por Sorg em 1988, Polaszek & Krombein em 1994, Terayama em 1995 e De Ploëg & Nel em 2004. Em todas as análises realizadas há uma politomia basal entre Eupsenella, Lytopsenella e os demais gêneros de Bethylinae. Aqui objetivamos 1) revisar as espécies fósseis de Bethylinae, fornecendo descrições e ilustrações quando necessário. Além disso, fornecer uma chave nova para as espécies fósseis de Bethylinae; 2) reconhecer, definir e descrever Afrobethylus como um gênero novo para Bethylinae, além de suas espécie novas. Além disso, definir suas características diagnósticas, bem como fornecer uma chave para as espécies da região Afrotropical com base em fêmeas; 3) propor uma hipótese filogenética baseada em dados morfológicos dos gêneros de Bethylinae chamando atenção especial para as relações de Eupsenella e Lytopsenella com os outros gêneros desta subfamília; 4) investigar e discutir os principais caracteres diagnósticos dos gêneros Bethylinae. O material examinado foi fornecido por várias instituições. As descrições, lista de caracteres, matrizes de caracteres para análise cladística e chave, quando necessário, foram elaboradas com o software DELTA. As buscas para as árvores mais parcimoniosas foram realizadas com o software TNT. Aqui, com base nos nossos resultados, consideramos que o gênero fóssil Protobethylus De Ploëg & Nel, 2004 é um sinônimo júnior de Eupsenella Westwood, 1874. Além disso, com base em nosso resgate e compilação de toda a informação existente em Bethylinae a família fóssil Fushunochrysidae proposta por Hong em 2002 foi sinonimizada com Bethylidae Haliday, 1839. O único gênero desta família é Fushunochrysites Hong, 2002 e sua única espécie F. eocenicus Hong, 2002 foi estabelecida como sua espécie tipo. Aqui, propomos que a melhor alocação deste gênero monotípico em Bethylidae é em Bethylinae. Fushunochrysites exibe em sua asa anterior vários caracteres que também estão presentes em todos os membros de Eupsenella. Além disso, Sinibethylus Hong, 2002 da mina de carvão chinesa Xilutian é aqui também sinonimizada com Eupsenella. Finalmente, a última sinonímia do gênero proposta aqui está relacionada à Messoria que foi descrita originalmente por Meunier em 1916. Aqui propomos Messoria como sinônimo júnior de Goniozus e transferir sua única espécie Messoria copalina Meunier, 1916 para Goniozus. Além disso, com base em uma incomum combinação de caracteres descrevemos Afrobethylus como um novo gênero Bethylinae. Este gênero de Bethylinae é o único exclusivamente Afrotropical. No contexto filogenético, as matrizes resultantes contêm um total de 61 espécies terminais de Bethylinae como grupo interno, com um total de 43 caracteres codificados para machos e um total de 87 espécies, 44 caracteres codificados para fêmeas. As análises de reamostragem baseadas em machos e fêmeas retornaram suporte para uma relação de grupo irmão entre todos os gêneros de Bethylinae existentes. Todos os gêneros foram recuperados como linhagens em ambas as análises, exceto Goniozus que foi recuperado como parafilético em todas as análises realizadas. Nosso mais notável resultado obtido foi à resolução da politomia basal existente em Bethylinae entre Lytopsenella e Eupsenella com os outros gêneros Bethylinae existentes. Em todas as análises realizadas, esses gêneros foram recuperados pela primeira vez como um grupo irmão entre si e separados dos demais gêneros em todas as análises realizadas. Com base em nossos resultados, discutimos os principais caracteres diagnósticos dos gêneros Bethylinae, presentes principalmente na antena, na asa anterior e, finalmente, pela primeira vez nas genitálias dos machos e das fêmeas. Em especial, sobre as asas anteriores em Bethylinae, sugerimos abordagens viáveis para à morfologia funcional da venação nos clados de Bethylinae. O presente estudo é o tratamento cladístico mais abrangente dedicado à compreensão da evolução dos gêneros de Bethylinae e o primeiro a considerar uma amostragem global das espécies desta subfamília. Concluímos que os caracteres morfológicos inexplorados, principalmente, das genitálias dos machos e das fêmeas podem oferecer dados adicionais relevantes para estimar de forma mais robusta a história filogenética deste grupo. Aqui, promovemos um primeiro passo para direcionar e encorajar futuras pesquisas em Bethylinae usando o arranjo de veias, linhas de flexão e caracteres da genitália dos machos e das fêmeas para a reconstrução filogenética.
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Lyons, Donald Barry. "Phenology and biometeorology of pine false webworm (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) and its parasitoids in southern Ontario." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29016.

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Models of phenology of the pine false webworm (PFW), Acantholyda erythrocephala and one of its parasitoids were developed from relationships between PFW spatial distribution and microweather. Development of subterranean stages of PFW was simulated from rate-summation models developed from nonlinear regression equations describing the relationship between temperature and rate of development of post-diapause prepupae and pupae. Defoliation caused by PFW increased the soil's exposure to solar radiation resulting in higher soil temperatures and a corresponding reduction in development time of subterranean stages. Predictability was enhanced slightly when the distribution of insects and temperature of the soil were incorporated into the model. Increasing the time increment used in the model from 1 to 4 h did not adversely affect its resolution. Mating and oviposition of PFW occur within a few hours of emerging from the soil and the majority of PFW eggs were mature and ready for deposition at female emergence. Potential fecundity of PFW was accurately predicted from adult wet and dry weights. The oviposition pattern of PFW was also described by a model based on temperature-dependent oviposition and ageing rate functions. The effect of larval web construction on the development of arboreal stages was investigated. When exposed to sunlight, the web traps heat and raises the body temperature of its inhabitants. A model was developed and used to examine the significance of the web microclimate for development of larvae. Relationships between web temperatures, canopy temperatures and standard meteorological methods were developed to permit using data from standard weather stations to drive the model. Larval development increased by 1.4 to 2.8 d when estimated web temperatures were incorporated into the model, while development was retarded by 2.6 to 4.0 d when canopy temperatures were used instead of meteorological screen temperatures. Two ichneumonid parasitoids, Sinophorus megalodontis and an undescribed species of Olesicampe were reared from eonymphs of PFW. Morphological methods for distinguishing the immature stages of the parasitoids were developed. A predictive model for subterranean development and adult longevity of Olesicampe sp. was used to describe and to compare phenological observations from emergence traps, Malaise traps and dissections of host larvae. The effectiveness of the parasitoids as natural control agents is discussed in relation to host synchrony, encapsulation, and multi- and superparasitism.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Jaloux, Bruno. "LA DISCRIMINATION INTERSPECIFIQUE PAR EUPELMUS VUILLETI (HYMENOPTERA : EUPELMIDAE) DES HOTES PARASITES PAR DINARMUS BASALIS (HYMENOPTERA : PTEROMALIDAE)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108221.

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Pour les parasitoïdes, les hôtes représentent une ressource discrète et limitée. Les femelles vont entrer en compétition pour accéder à cette ressource. La compétition entre des individus exploitant les mêmes ressources limite le succès reproducteur de chacun des concurrents. Des stratégies d'exploitation plus ou moins complexes ont été sélectionnées pour réduire les conséquences de cette compétition. La plus commune est l'évitement du superparasitisme ou du multiparasitisme. Quelques rares espèces comme Eupelmus vuilleti adoptent en situation de compétition interspécifique, une stratégie d'exploitation originale, le kleptoparasitisme, qui consiste à rechercher les hôtes parasités par une espèce concurrente, Dinarmus basalis, pour détruire l'œuf et le remplacer par le sien. Cette stratégie nécessite la capacité de reconnaître les hôtes parasités par D. basalis.<br /> Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de la reconnaissance interspécifique par E. vuilleti des hôtes parasités par D. basalis. E. vuilleti reconnaît des traces d'exploitation de l'hôte déposées à la surface de la graine par les femelles D. basalis. Ces traces d'exploitations sont composés d'hydrocarbures sécrétés par la glande de Dufour et retrouvés sur la cuticule des femelles D. basalis. Ces sécrétions ont un effet attractif sur les femelles E. vuilleti. Une substance protéique produite par la glande à venin semble intervenir également et stimule le comportement de ponte des femelles E. vuilleti.<br /> Nous avons ensuite étudié certains aspects évolutifs pour comprendre quels processus auraient pu permettre la sélection chez cette espèce d'une discrimination interspécifique. Cette reconnaissance est spécifique des populations sympatriques de D. basalis. La réutilisation des hôtes présente certains bénéfices, liés notamment à la réutilisation de l'orifice de D. basalis et à la différence structurelle de l'ovipositeur des deux espèces, qui pourraient constituer un avantage adaptatif. Le kleptoparasitisme ne semble être une stratégie efficace que lorsque la compétition entre les deux espèces est intense. La sélection de la discrimination interspécifique serait directement liée aux aptitudes compétitrices des deux espèces. Une variabilité génétique importante, associée à une plasticité comportementale pourrait permettre aux femelles d'adapter leur stratégie d'exploitation en fonction des conditions de compétition.
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Jaloux, Bruno. "La discrimination interspécifique par Eupelmus vuilleti (Hymenoptera : Eupelmidae) des hôtes parasites par Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae)." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4037.

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Eupelmus vuilleti en situation de compétition avec Dinarmus basalis est un kleptoparasitoïde. La femelle recherche les hôtes parasités par D. Basalis, détruit l'oeuf et le remplace par le sien. E. Vuilleti reconnaît des traces déposées à la surface du système par D. Basalis durant la ponte. Des hydrocarbures provenant de la glande de Dufour et retrouvés sur la cuticule des femelles D. Basalis ont un effet attractif. Une substance protéique produite par la glande à venin stimule la ponte des femelles E. Vuilleti. La reconnaissance est très spécifique et serait liée aux aptitudes compétitrices des deux espèces. La réutilisation des hôtes parasités présente certains bénéfices qui pourraient constituer un avantage adaptatif. Le kleptoparasitisme ne semble cependant pouvoir être adaptatif que si la compétition entre les deux espèces est intense. Une variabilité génétique et une plasticité comportementale permettraient aux femelles d'adapter leur stratégie en fonction des conditions<br>Eupelmus vuilleti competing with Dinarmus basalis is a kleptoparasitoid. The female looks for hosts parasitised by D. Basalis, destroys the egg and put its own instead. E. Vuilleti recognizes cues left by D. Basalis on the surface of the system during egg laying. Hydrocarbons produced by the Dufour gland and found on the cuticle of the D. Basalis female have an attractive effect. A protean substance produced by the venom gland stimulates the egg laying behavior of E. Vuilleti. The discrimination is very specific and could be linked to particular competitive abilities of the two species. Reusing parasitised hosts brings some benefits which could make this strategy adaptative. However, kleptoparasitism seems to be adaptative only if the competition between these two species is intense. Genetic variability and learning process could allow the females to adapt their strategy to the competitive conditions
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Books on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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Atanasov, Neno. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii͡a︡ na naukite, 1992.

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Amiet, Felix. Hymenoptera Apidae. Musée d'Histoire naturelle, 1996.

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David, Gauld Ian, and Bolton Barry, eds. The Hymenoptera. British Museum (Natural History), 1988.

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Harris, A. C. Pompilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Science Information Pub. Centre, DSIR, 1987.

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New, T. R. Hymenoptera and Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118381250.

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J, LaSalle, and Gauld Ian David, eds. Hymenoptera and biodiversity. C.A.B. International, 1993.

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Berry, J. A. Moranilini (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Manaaki Whenua Press, 1995.

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Olmi, Massimo. Hymenoptera: Dryinidae-Embolemidae. Calderini, 1999.

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Noyes, John S. Encyrtidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Science Information Publishing Centre, DSIR, 1988.

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Zealand, Landcare Research New, ed. Sphecidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Manaaki Whenua Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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Capinera, John L., Thomas O. Crist, John B. Heppner, et al. "Hymenoptera." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1449.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Hymenoptera." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_3956.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Hymenoptera." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_3956-1.

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Robinson, William H. "Stinging Hymenoptera." In Urban Entomology. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0437-1_15.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, et al. "Agaonidae (Hymenoptera)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_104.

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Mitsuhashi, Jun. "Insecta (Hymenoptera)." In Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods. Springer Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67875-5_9.

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Ax, Peter. "Hymenoptera — Mecopteroidea." In Multicellular Animals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_97.

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Oehlke, Joachim, Andreas Taeger, Stephan M. Blank, Manfred Kraus, Holger H. Dathe, and Hans-Joachim Jacobs. "Hymenoptera — Hautflügler." In Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2452-5_34.

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Flores, Rebecca, and Vincent Thawley. "Hymenoptera Envenomation." In Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119028994.ch145.

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Monsalve, Rafael I., Te Piao King, and Miles Guralnick. "Hymenoptera allergens." In Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351208994-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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Eliseev, Serghei, Victoria Sumencova, and Elena Iordosopol. "Several ecological aspects of the hymenoptera complex in a plum orchard (II)." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.05.

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The present paper treats several ecological peculiarities of the hymenopteran complex in a plum orchard. The intense flight activity for Hymenoptera complex was observed in the second half of the vegetation season starting from the first decade of August as a result of stopping phytopharmaceutical treatments. The most number of specimens was registered in four families. Parasitoids ocuppy 89.0% out of all Hymenoptera, being of great importance for plant protection. Hymenoptera form 21.0% out of total plum canopy fauna number in 2017. They occupy the second place in total fauna number. The percentage of Hymenoptera out of total arthropods’ number is 66.0%, the rest beneficial mesofauna has just 34.0% in 2017.
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Eliseev, Serghei, and Elena Iordosopol. "The determination of attractiveness in two semiochemicals for beneficial hymenoptera." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.47.

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Several aspects (optimal distances placement, beneficial hymenopteran’ families composition, used compound volume per season) of two semiochemicals - phenylethanol and methyl salicylate’ attractiveness for beneficial hymenopterans were discussed.
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CÎRLIG, Natalia, Victor ȚÎȚEI, and Ana GUȚU. "The diversity of hymenoptera species (Hymenoptera L.) on the Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. plants in the "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute)." In "Instruire prin cercetare pentru o societate prosperă", conferinţă ştiinţifico-practică internaţională. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/c.v1.16-17-05-2024.p197-200.

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The article presents the diversity of Hymenoptera species (Hymenoptera L.) identified on the Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. cv. 'Melifera' plants, grown in the collection of “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute). Eight insect species of the order Hymenoptera L. have been identified (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. hortorum, Megachile sp., Lasioglossum malachurus, Xylocopa violacea, Megascolia maculata), included in 5 families (Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, Anthophoridae, Scoliidae)) and 6 genera. The presence of Apis mellifera specimens in large numbers has been recorded, which attests the potential of phacelia as honey plant.
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Mikó, István. "Hymenoptera, taxonomy, and the integument." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113743.

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Alvarado, Mabel. "Preliminar phylogeny of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94201.

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MacGown, Joe A. "Exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Mississippi." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112654.

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Longair, Robert W. "Vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Canada." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113989.

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Sopow, Stephanie. "Sirex wood wasp,Sirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92738.

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Japoshvili, George. "Preliminary results of Lagodekhi Reserves Hymenoptera diversity." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109124.

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Shirley, Xanthe A. "Phylogenetic relationships among species inAphelinus(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114984.

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Reports on the topic "Hymenoptera"

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อารีย์กุล บุทเชอร์, บัณฑิกา. ความหลากหลายของแตนเบียนวงศ์ Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) ที่ออกหากินเวลากลางคืน บริเวณเกาะแสมสาร เกาะจวง และเขาหมาจอ อำเภอสัตหีบ จังหวัดชลบุรี. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2014. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2014.54.

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ศึกษาอนุกรมวิธานของแตนเบียนวงศ์ Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)ที่ออกหากินเวลากลางคืน บริเวณเขาหมาจอ เกาะแสมสาร และเกาะจวง โดยใช้กับดักแสงในการเก็บตัวอย่าง ทุก 2 เดือนเป็นเวลา 1 ปี (พฤศจิกายน 2556 มกราคม มีนาคม พฤษภาคม กรกฎาคม และกันยายน 2557) จากศึกษา เก็บตัวอย่างแตนเบียนวงศ์ Braconidae ได้ 575 ตัวอย่าง 74 ชนิดคาดว่าพบชนิดใหม่อย่างน้อย 10 ชนิด โดยได้ทำการตั้งชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ และบรรยายลักษณะไปแล้ว 1ชนิดคือ Yelicones samaesanensis Butcher, 2014 พบที่เขาหมาจอ อยู่ในวงศ์ย่อย Rogadinae
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Vecco Giove, Carlos Daniel. Base de datos de producción de miel Tetragonisca Angustula. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51252/11458/5089.

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Base de datos para la investigación: "Competence and temporal patterns in the honey production of Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apinae: Meliponini) in a meliponiculture system in the Central Huallaga, Peruvian Amazon"
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งามประเสริฐวงศ์, ธงชัย, ชัชวาล ใจซื่อกุล, วิเชฏฐ์ คนซื่อ та อาจอง ประทัตสุนทรสาร. โครงสร้างประชากรและนิเวศวิทยาของค้างคาวคุณกิตติในพื้นที่โครงการอนุรักษ์พันธุกรรมพืชอันเนื่องมาจากพระราชดำริ : รายงานผลการดำเนินงาน. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.35.

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จากการสำรวจโครงสร้างประชากรและนิเวศวิทยาของค้างคาวคุณกิตติในพื้นที่โครงการอนุรักษ์พันธุกรรมพืชอันเนื่องมาจากพระราชดำริ จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี ระหว่างเดือนธันวาคม 2555 ถึง เดือนตุลาคม 2556 พบค้างคาวคุณกิตติอาศัยอยู่ถ้ำหินปูนอย่างน้อย 5 แห่ง และพบการเปลี่ยนแปลงขนาดประชากรค้างคาวคุณกิตติในถ้ำพระในรอบปี แต่ยังไม่ทราบแน่ชัดว่าเกิดจากสาเหตุใด จำเป็นต้องมีการติดตามการเปลี่ยนแปลงขนาดประชากรและความผันแปรที่เกิดขึ้นตามฤดูกาลต่อไป นอกจากนั้นจากการศึกษาความหลากหลายของแมลงในพื้นที่โดยรอบถ้ำพระพบแมลงอย่างน้อย 13 อันดับ ได้แก่ อันดับ Coleoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Diplura, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Plecoptera และ Tricoptera โดยพบแมลงจำนวนอย่างน้อย 11 อันดับในช่วงฤดูแล้ง และอย่างน้อย 12 อันดับในช่วงฤดูฝน ซึ่งในอนาคตจะมีการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมเพื่อสร้างฐานข้อมูลทางดีเอ็นเอของแมลงในพื้นที่เพื่อนำมาใช้อ้างอิงกับดีเอ็นเอของแมลงที่หลงเหลืออยู่ในมูลของค้างคาวคุณกิตติ
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4

Best, Lincoln R., J. Dunlap, A. Jackson, and J. W. Rivers. Bees of the Pacific Northwest: Key to Genera (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). Version 1, October 2023. Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1166.

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5

Engler, Joseph D., Mark Gorman, August S. Jackson, Paris Coleman, Marek Stanton, and Lincoln R. Best. Bees of the Pacific Northwest : key to species for Lasioglossum subgenera Lasioglossum and Leuchalictus (Hymenoptera : Halictidae). Oregon State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5399/osu/1183.

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The following taxonomic key to the species of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 subgenera Lasioglossum and Leuchalictus Warncke, 1975 is adapted from McGinley (1986). This key is limited to those species known or expected to occur in Oregon based on McGinley (1986), and subsequent collection efforts in the Pacific Northwest by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Engler, et al 2018a-h; Engler and Stockenberg 2024a-g, Ikerd and Engler 2021) and the Master Melittologist Oregon Bee Atlas (Best et al 2021, 2022), as well as unpublished specimen records totaling 5,190 specimens. Additional species information was provided by Dr. Joel Gardner (Collections Manager, The M.T. James Entomological Collection, Washington State University, Pullman, WA). Prior to the species key, we provide an abbreviated key to enable the user to distinguish the subgenera covered in this guide from the other Lasioglossum subgenera in the region. This key is modified from the more complete subgeneric key provided by Gardner and Gibbs (2022). This key to species is intended for use by amateur and professional melittologists throughout the Pacific Northwest. The intent is to streamline the diagnosis of these species and provide updated figures to the salient characteristics required for identification. It amends McGinley’s 29 species north of the Mexican border to include the 15 species documented in the Pacific Northwest. One of those, L. leucozonium (Schrank, 1781), has not been documented in Oregon but is known from specimens in Washington (J. Gardner, pers comm). This species is not incorporated into the key, but is discussed in the footnotes underneath the related L. zonulus (Smith, 1848) with notes on differentiating the two species. This key does not replace the more detailed keys and species descriptions provided by McGinley (1986), therefore that publication should be consulted for additional information. Terminology follows the aforementioned keys as well as Michener (2007). The morphological characteristics used in the key are first and foremost from McGinley (1986), however physical specimens collected by the Master Melittologist Oregon Bee Atlas (Best et al 2021, 2022) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Engler, et al 2018a-h; Engler and Stockenberg 2024a-g, Ikerd and Engler 2021) were studied to assess which characters would be most beneficial to amateur melittologists and to produce images. Fourteen of the fifteen species were coI-mtDNA barcoded to support morphological species boundaries but not used for identification. Barcodes highlighted species-recognition issues and uncertainty within the Lasioglossum trizonatum (Cresson, 1874) species group, an issue broached initially by McGinley. At this time, no effort has been made to resolve the incongruities within the barcoded specimens. Refer to the footnotes for more information. This key is applicable for a broad geographic region, covering far northern California and all of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, British Columbia, and Alaska. At the end of this document, species occurence maps are provided for 12 species in Oregon, using data collected through the Oregon Bee Atlas.
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Pulgarín Díaz, John Alexander, and Aguirre Helmunth. First record of the genus Hypomicrogaster Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) parasitizing Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.24.

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7

Pulgarin Díaz, John Alexander, Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa, and Carlos Espinel Correal. Predators of Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in Antioquia, Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.8.

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The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus spp. are a pest of eucalyptus worldwide (Figure 1). Gonipterus platensis was rst reported in Colombia in 2016, threatening and causing economic losses in more than 60.000 ha of Eucalyptus spp. planted in the country. Classical biological control of these species has been e ective in some countries with Anaphes nitens (Girault) and A. inexpectatus Huber &amp; Prinsloo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), and complemented with di erent natural enemies (NE) (Nascimento et al. 2017).
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Werren, John H., Einat Zchori-Fein, and Moshe Coll. Parthenogenesis-Inducing Microorganisms in Parasitic Hymenoptera: Their Mode of Action and Utilization for Improvement of Biological Control Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573080.bard.

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Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to cause reproductive and sex ratio disorders in many insects. In various parasitic Hymenoptera, Wolbachia induce thelytokous reproduction. The overall goal of this research was the improvement of biological control agents by reversion of their mode of reproduction. This was attempted from two directions: 1) studying the effect of naturally occurring Wolbachia on the thelytokous species Muscidifuraxuniraptor and 2) trying to transmit thelytoky-inducing Wolbachia to Nasoniavitripennis. In M. uniraptor, gamete duplication was found to be the mode of diploidy restoration and Wolbachia density had a strong effect on sex ratio but not on host fitness. Studies on the natural horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Nasonia wasps and their Protocalliphora hosts using the Wolbachia Outer Surface Protein (WOSP) gene revealed that (a) two Nasonia species (N. giraulti and N. longicornis) possess closely related strains of B-group Wolbachia, but N. vitripennisapparently acquired B Wolbachia by horizontal transmission from an unknown source, (b) Nasonia and its Protocalliphora host have similar Wolbachia, and (c) the Protocalliphora Wolbachia WOSP gene is a recombinant between the one found in N. giraulti/longicornis and N. vitripennis. Results show parasitoid-host insect transmission of Wolbachia and recombination among Wolbachia strains. Results from gynandromorph studies suggest a novel mechanism of sex determination in Nasonia.
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Best, Lincoln R., J. Dunlap, A. Jackson, J. W. Rivers, and P. H. Williams. Bees of the Pacific Northwest: Key to bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Bombus) species for females. Version 1, October 2023. Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1164.

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10

Best, Lincoln R., J. Dunlap, A. Jackson, J. W. Rivers, and P. H. Williams. Bees of the Pacific Northwest: Key to bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Bombus) species for males. Version 1, October 2023. Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1165.

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